Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001
Christopher J. Cleary , Summer B. Cook , Ashley A. Herda
Background/objective
This study assessed the influence of rest interval duration after tuck jumps on 10-s Wingate outcomes and countermovement jump height.
Methods
Eighteen resistance trained individuals (males: n = 10, 21.3 ± 3.6 years; females: n = 8, 22.1 ± 2.2 years) volunteered to participate in four sessions: familiarization, 3-min rest interval with no jumps (CON), and two randomized experimental sessions with a rest interval of either 1-min (ER1) or 5-min (ER5) after a series of tuck jumps. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was assessed at baseline (PRE) and after (POST) the CON, ER1, and ER5 conditions, and 10-s Wingate cycling testing. Wingate relative peak power (RPP) and mean peak power (RMP) were measured. Separate mixed-factorial repeated measures analyses of variance assessed changes across conditions and sex for the Wingate variables and conditions, sex, and time for CMJ height at an alpha of p ≤ 0.05.
Results
RPP and RMP were significantly greater than CON for ER1 by 0.92 ± 0.23 W kg−1 and 0.41 ± 0.14 W kg−1, respectively, and ER5 by 0.77 ± 0.23 W kg−1 and 0.36 ± 0.10 W kg−1, respectively. ER1 and ER5 RPP and RMP were similar (p > 0.05). For CMJ height, there was only a main effect for sex as males jumped higher than females by 31.3 % (p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Performing tuck jumps prior to anaerobic exercise may increase performance for up to 5-min
{"title":"Evaluation of rest interval following a series of tuck jumps on anaerobic performance","authors":"Christopher J. Cleary , Summer B. Cook , Ashley A. Herda","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>This study assessed the influence of rest interval duration after tuck jumps on 10-s Wingate outcomes and countermovement jump height.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen resistance trained individuals (males: n = 10, 21.3 ± 3.6 years; females: n = 8, 22.1 ± 2.2 years) volunteered to participate in four sessions: familiarization, 3-min rest interval with no jumps (CON), and two randomized experimental sessions with a rest interval of either 1-min (ER1) or 5-min (ER5) after a series of tuck jumps. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was assessed at baseline (PRE) and after (POST) the CON, ER1, and ER5 conditions, and 10-s Wingate cycling testing. Wingate relative peak power (RPP) and mean peak power (RMP) were measured. Separate mixed-factorial repeated measures analyses of variance assessed changes across conditions and sex for the Wingate variables and conditions, sex, and time for CMJ height at an alpha of p ≤ 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RPP and RMP were significantly greater than CON for ER1 by 0.92 ± 0.23 W kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.41 ± 0.14 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and ER5 by 0.77 ± 0.23 W kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.36 ± 0.10 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. ER1 and ER5 RPP and RMP were similar (p > 0.05). For CMJ height, there was only a main effect for sex as males jumped higher than females by 31.3 % (p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Performing tuck jumps prior to anaerobic exercise may increase performance for up to 5-min</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.002
Yuning Hao, Jay Lee, Water Soi Po Wong, Frankie U. Kei Wong, Walter Heung Chin Hui, Gasper Chi Hong Leong, Zhaowei Kong
Background
The impact of COVID-19 infection on physical and mental health of young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the physical fitness three months after recovering from acute COVID-19 infection, and examine if the infection could also influence the mental health of university students.
Methods
A total of 460 university students (mean age 18.9 ± 1.3 years, with 30 males and 27 females uninfected with COVID-19) volunteered for the study. Participants underwent a fitness test initially, followed by another physical fitness test and a mental health assessment three months after the infection of COVID-19. Physical fitness tests included body composition, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and muscular endurance. Mental health was assessed using the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Self-Assessment Scale (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Assessment Scale (PTSD).
Results
Three months after acute COVID-19 infection, the physical performance of university students had decreased compared to pre-infection levels by approximate 3–15 % (p < 0.05). Regarding mental health, a notable difference was observed in sleep quality, with the positive group scoring 19 % higher than the negative group (p < .05, d = .44). Sex (β = .164, p < .05), previous infection (β = .277, p = .019) and anxiety (β = .373, p = .002) were predictive of PSQI scores, accounting for 37.5 % of the variance.
Conclusions
All participants experienced a decline in physical fitness compared to their pre-infection levels, regardless of infection status. Those who had been infected exhibited poorer sleep quality compared to their non-infected peers. Prior COVID-19 infection and higher anxiety levels may contribute to poorer sleep quality.
{"title":"A longitudinal study to COVID-19 infection among university students: Physical fitness changes and psychological responses","authors":"Yuning Hao, Jay Lee, Water Soi Po Wong, Frankie U. Kei Wong, Walter Heung Chin Hui, Gasper Chi Hong Leong, Zhaowei Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The impact of COVID-19 infection on physical and mental health of young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the physical fitness three months after recovering from acute COVID-19 infection, and examine if the infection could also influence the mental health of university students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 460 university students (mean age 18.9 ± 1.3 years, with 30 males and 27 females uninfected with COVID-19) volunteered for the study. Participants underwent a fitness test initially, followed by another physical fitness test and a mental health assessment three months after the infection of COVID-19. Physical fitness tests included body composition, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and muscular endurance. Mental health was assessed using the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Self-Assessment Scale (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Assessment Scale (PTSD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three months after acute COVID-19 infection, the physical performance of university students had decreased compared to pre-infection levels by approximate 3–15 % (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Regarding mental health, a notable difference was observed in sleep quality, with the positive group scoring 19 % higher than the negative group (<em>p</em> < .05, <em>d</em> = .44). Sex (<em>β</em> = .164, <em>p</em> < .05), previous infection (<em>β</em> = .277, <em>p</em> = .019) and anxiety (<em>β</em> = .373, <em>p</em> = .002) were predictive of PSQI scores, accounting for 37.5 % of the variance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All participants experienced a decline in physical fitness compared to their pre-infection levels, regardless of infection status. Those who had been infected exhibited poorer sleep quality compared to their non-infected peers. Prior COVID-19 infection and higher anxiety levels may contribute to poorer sleep quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.002
Jiwoong Kim , Eunsook Kim , Dohyun Kim , Sungjin Yoon
Background and objectives
Obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Normal-weight obesity, where the body mass index(BMI) is within the normal range but the body fat percentage is high, also adversely impacts cardiovascular and metabolic health. This study explored the effects of whole-body circuit training using a weighted vest on serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women.
Methods
Thirty-six normal-weight obese women were divided into three groups: Weighted Vest Circuit Training(WVCT)(n = 12), Body Weight Circuit Training(BWCT)(n = 12), and a Control group(CON)(n = 12). Participants in the WVCT and BWCT groups engaged in whole-body circuit training three times per week for eight weeks. Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and insulin resistance were measured before and after the intervention.
Results
The study revealed significant and impactful findings. There were substantial improvements in body composition(Skeletal Muscle Mass: +7.5 %, p = 0.042, d = 0.80), Serum Resistin(-38.2 %, p = 0.001, d = 0.85), insulin resistance(HOMA-IR: 27.1 %, p < 0.001, d = 0.88), and a reduction in IL-6 levels(-25.4 %, p = 0.082, d = 0.60) in the WVCT group compared to the BWCT and CON groups. The WVCT group outperformed the other groups, demonstrating greater effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion
These findings have significant implications for healthcare. Whole-body circuit training with weighted vests has effectively improved body composition, reduced serum resistin, and lowered insulin resistance, reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women. These results could inform and enhance the treatment and management of obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Weighted vest intervention during whole-body circuit training improves serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk factors in normal-weight obese women","authors":"Jiwoong Kim , Eunsook Kim , Dohyun Kim , Sungjin Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Normal-weight obesity, where the body mass index(BMI) is within the normal range but the body fat percentage is high, also adversely impacts cardiovascular and metabolic health. This study explored the effects of whole-body circuit training using a weighted vest on serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six normal-weight obese women were divided into three groups: Weighted Vest Circuit Training(WVCT)(n = 12), Body Weight Circuit Training(BWCT)(n = 12), and a Control group(CON)(n = 12). Participants in the WVCT and BWCT groups engaged in whole-body circuit training three times per week for eight weeks. Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and insulin resistance were measured before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed significant and impactful findings. There were substantial improvements in body composition(Skeletal Muscle Mass: +7.5 %, <em>p</em> = 0.042, <em>d</em> = 0.80), Serum Resistin(-38.2 %, <em>p</em> = 0.001, <em>d</em> = 0.85), insulin resistance(HOMA-IR: 27.1 %, <em>p</em> < 0.001, <em>d</em> = 0.88), and a reduction in IL-6 levels(-25.4 %, <em>p</em> = 0.082, <em>d</em> = 0.60) in the WVCT group compared to the BWCT and CON groups. The WVCT group outperformed the other groups, demonstrating greater effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings have significant implications for healthcare. Whole-body circuit training with weighted vests has effectively improved body composition, reduced serum resistin, and lowered insulin resistance, reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women. These results could inform and enhance the treatment and management of obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 463-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.004
Sha-sha Wang , Mu Cui , Jing-yuan Li , Huai-ming Zhang , Xiang-yun Liu , Jia Han
Objective
Lipid distribution plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and this study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise on specific lipid distributions in patients with prediabetes.
Methods
Sixty participants with prediabetes were randomly allocated to either a control group (Con, n = 30) or an exercise group (Ex, n = 30). The Ex group underwent YiJinJing exercise plus Theraband, engaging in 1-h sessions, 3 times per week, over a total period of 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure lipid distribution in different body segments and organs. Additionally, a body composition analyser was employed to measure visceral fat, and laboratory tests were conducted to measure indicators related to glycolipid metabolism.
Results
Following a 12-week intervention with Exercise, 37 % of prediabetic patients in the Ex group achieved normal blood glucose levels. Significant reductions were observed in upper limb fat (ULF), trunk fat (TrF) and liver fat (LF) values in the Ex group compared to the Con group. Additionally, within the Ex group, there were notable decreases in triglyceride (TG) levels, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), android fat (AF), ULF, thigh fat (ThF), renal sinus fat (RSF), and LF compared to baseline.
Conclusions
Traditional Chinese YiJinJing plus TheraBand exercise can significantly reduce blood glucose levels through improved lipid distribution and metabolism in prediabetic patients. Hence, YiJinJing can serve as a crucial intervention for individuals with prediabetes.
{"title":"Ameliorated lipid distribution in prediabetes - Effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise plus TheraBand: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Sha-sha Wang , Mu Cui , Jing-yuan Li , Huai-ming Zhang , Xiang-yun Liu , Jia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Lipid distribution plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and this study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise on specific lipid distributions in patients with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty participants with prediabetes were randomly allocated to either a control group (Con, n = 30) or an exercise group (Ex, n = 30). The Ex group underwent YiJinJing exercise plus Theraband, engaging in 1-h sessions, 3 times per week, over a total period of 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure lipid distribution in different body segments and organs. Additionally, a body composition analyser was employed to measure visceral fat, and laboratory tests were conducted to measure indicators related to glycolipid metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following a 12-week intervention with Exercise, 37 % of prediabetic patients in the Ex group achieved normal blood glucose levels. Significant reductions were observed in upper limb fat (ULF), trunk fat (TrF) and liver fat (LF) values in the Ex group compared to the Con group. Additionally, within the Ex group, there were notable decreases in triglyceride (TG) levels, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), android fat (AF), ULF, thigh fat (ThF), renal sinus fat (RSF), and LF compared to baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Traditional Chinese YiJinJing plus TheraBand exercise can significantly reduce blood glucose levels through improved lipid distribution and metabolism in prediabetic patients. Hence, YiJinJing can serve as a crucial intervention for individuals with prediabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 438-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the accelerating global population aging, delaying aging and promoting healthy aging have become focal points in public health and clinical medicine. Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is an important indicator of biological aging speed. This study aims to explore the relationship between different leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) patterns and PhenoAgeAccel, analyzing the association and dose-response relationship.
Methods
This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, including 14,868 adults. Multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spline methods were used to assess the relationship between LTPA and PhenoAgeAccel, with segmented likelihood ratio tests to detect non-linear thresholds. Stratified regression and interaction tests explored potential modifications by sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status.
Results
Compared to individuals with no LTPA, those with inactive and regular LTPA patterns had significantly lower PhenoAgeAccel scores (P < 0.05), while the weekend warrior pattern showed no significant effect (P > 0.05). A non-linear threshold effect was found; below 560 min of weekly LTPA, a significant negative correlation existed (β = −0.001, 95 % CI: 0.001 to −0.0003, P < 0.001). Above this threshold, LTPA was positively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel, indicating a risk for accelerated aging (β = 0.0003, 95 % CI: 0.00002 to 0.001, P = 0.03). Similar non-linear threshold effects were found for both males and females.
Conclusion
Regular LTPA significantly reduces phenotypic age acceleration, with a non-linear threshold effect indicating moderate physical activity is most beneficial. The weekend warrior pattern was less effective. These findings highlight the necessity of personalized physical activity recommendations and provide evidence for public health strategies to promote healthy aging.
{"title":"Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity patterns and phenotypic age acceleration in American adults: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Dongzhe Wu , Peng Huang , Xue Geng , Chaoyi Qu , Zhijian Rao , Jianhong Zhang , Yulin Shen , Qiangman Wei , Shijie Liu , Jiexiu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>With the accelerating global population aging, delaying aging and promoting healthy aging have become focal points in public health and clinical medicine. Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is an important indicator of biological aging speed. This study aims to explore the relationship between different leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) patterns and PhenoAgeAccel, analyzing the association and dose-response relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, including 14,868 adults. Multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spline methods were used to assess the relationship between LTPA and PhenoAgeAccel, with segmented likelihood ratio tests to detect non-linear thresholds. Stratified regression and interaction tests explored potential modifications by sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to individuals with no LTPA, those with inactive and regular LTPA patterns had significantly lower PhenoAgeAccel scores (<em>P</em> < 0.05), while the weekend warrior pattern showed no significant effect (<em>P</em> > 0.05). A non-linear threshold effect was found; below 560 min of weekly LTPA, a significant negative correlation existed (β = −0.001, 95 % CI: 0.001 to −0.0003, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Above this threshold, LTPA was positively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel, indicating a risk for accelerated aging (β = 0.0003, 95 % CI: 0.00002 to 0.001, <em>P</em> = 0.03). Similar non-linear threshold effects were found for both males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Regular LTPA significantly reduces phenotypic age acceleration, with a non-linear threshold effect indicating moderate physical activity is most beneficial. The weekend warrior pattern was less effective. These findings highlight the necessity of personalized physical activity recommendations and provide evidence for public health strategies to promote healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 445-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.001
Haotian Zhao , Yongjia Deng , Ge Song , Hongkang Zhu , Lingyu Sun , Huixin Li , Yi Yan , Chang Liu
Objective
Rhythmic physical activity holds promise for positively influencing the gross motor development of 4-5-year-old children, yet empirical research in this domain remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development in children aged 4–5 years.
Methods
Fifty children aged 4–5 years were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Both groups participated in a 10-week intervention program facilitated by a professional trainer, with support from numerous dedicated volunteers from reputable sports universities. This program comprised a one-week baseline assessment followed by 8 weeks of rhythmic physical activity training conducted three times per week. Gross motor performance was assessed using the PGMQ scale before and one week after the intervention.
Results
Following the 8-week intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significant enhancements in displacement ability, with notable improvements observed in. Specifically, the scores for running, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and total displacement ability showed significant increases (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total scores for running, standing long jump, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and displacement ability exhibited significant differences between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding manipulative ability, the intervention group showed significant increases in scores for over-the-shoulder throwing, two-handed catching, and kicking (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between groups in the scores for two-handed catching and kicking (P < 0.05). Concerning balance ability, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in scores for single-leg stand, double-leg stand, and total balance ability (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in any of the indices within the control group (P > 0.05). The two-way repeated measures ANOVA of intervention × time revealed significant differences in scores for running, sliding lateral movement, leaping step, jumping back and forth with both feet, leading ability, kicking, manipulation ability, single-leg stand, double-leg stand, balance ability, and gross motor scores (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study underscores the beneficial impact of engaging in eight weeks of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development of 4-5-year-olds. Furthermore, the improvements in gross motor development achieved through rhythmic physical activity may surpass those obtained through general physical activity.
{"title":"Effects of 8 weeks of rhythmic physical activity on gross motor movements in 4-5-year-olds: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Haotian Zhao , Yongjia Deng , Ge Song , Hongkang Zhu , Lingyu Sun , Huixin Li , Yi Yan , Chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Rhythmic physical activity holds promise for positively influencing the gross motor development of 4-5-year-old children, yet empirical research in this domain remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development in children aged 4–5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty children aged 4–5 years were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Both groups participated in a 10-week intervention program facilitated by a professional trainer, with support from numerous dedicated volunteers from reputable sports universities. This program comprised a one-week baseline assessment followed by 8 weeks of rhythmic physical activity training conducted three times per week. Gross motor performance was assessed using the PGMQ scale before and one week after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the 8-week intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significant enhancements in displacement ability, with notable improvements observed in. Specifically, the scores for running, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and total displacement ability showed significant increases (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total scores for running, standing long jump, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and displacement ability exhibited significant differences between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding manipulative ability, the intervention group showed significant increases in scores for over-the-shoulder throwing, two-handed catching, and kicking (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between groups in the scores for two-handed catching and kicking (P < 0.05). Concerning balance ability, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in scores for single-leg stand, double-leg stand, and total balance ability (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in any of the indices within the control group (P > 0.05). The two-way repeated measures ANOVA of intervention × time revealed significant differences in scores for running, sliding lateral movement, leaping step, jumping back and forth with both feet, leading ability, kicking, manipulation ability, single-leg stand, double-leg stand, balance ability, and gross motor scores (P < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study underscores the beneficial impact of engaging in eight weeks of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development of 4-5-year-olds. Furthermore, the improvements in gross motor development achieved through rhythmic physical activity may surpass those obtained through general physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 456-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.003
Sofia Brevik-Persson , Christina Gjestvang , Emilie Mass Dalhaug , Birgitte Sanda , Jørgen Melau , Lene A.H. Haakstad
Background
Regular exercise during pregnancy is beneficial, but athletes often exceed the recommended 150 min of moderate-intensity activity, incorporate high-intensity exercises. The upper limit for exercise intensity and duration on fetal and maternal safety remains uncertain. A concern is a maternal core body temperature of >39.0 °C, potentially increase the risk of heat-related fetal malformations and complications during pregnancy. Blood flow redirection for thermoregulation could compromise fetal cardiovascular function, increasing the risk of miscarriage and preterm labor. This study evaluated whether pregnant women (gestational weeks 25–35) were at risk of exceeding a core body temperature of 39.0 °C during high-intensity running. We also investigated effects on skin temperature, fluid loss, and thermal sensation, comparing pregnant athletes to non-pregnant controls.
Methods
In this comparative cross-sectional study, 30 elite and recreational athletes (pregnant n = 15) completed up to five high-intensity treadmill-intervals. Core and skin temperature were continuously measured. Body weight was utilized to calculate the amount of fluid loss.
Results
Highest core body temperature were 38.76 °C and 39.56 °C in one pregnant and non-pregnant participant, respectively. Pregnant participants had lower core body temperatures (mean difference −0.47 °C, p ≤ 0.001) initially and a smaller increase (0.10 °C, p ≤ 0.003) during later intervals compared with the non-pregnant controls. Pregnant participants also showed a greater increase in skin temperature (4.08 ± 0.72 °C vs. 3.25 ± 0.86 °C, p = 0.008) and fluid loss (0.81 ± 0.19 L vs. 0.50 ± 0.12 L, p˂0.001).
Conclusion
Physiological changes in pregnancy may enhance thermoregulation, indicating that high-intensity interval runs are unlikely to pose a risk of exceeding a core body temperature of 39 °C for pregnant athletes.
{"title":"Cool mama: Temperature regulation during high-intensity interval running in pregnant elite and recreational athletes","authors":"Sofia Brevik-Persson , Christina Gjestvang , Emilie Mass Dalhaug , Birgitte Sanda , Jørgen Melau , Lene A.H. Haakstad","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Regular exercise during pregnancy is beneficial, but athletes often exceed the recommended 150 min of moderate-intensity activity, incorporate high-intensity exercises. The upper limit for exercise intensity and duration on fetal and maternal safety remains uncertain. A concern is a maternal core body temperature of >39.0 °C, potentially increase the risk of heat-related fetal malformations and complications during pregnancy. Blood flow redirection for thermoregulation could compromise fetal cardiovascular function, increasing the risk of miscarriage and preterm labor. This study evaluated whether pregnant women (gestational weeks 25–35) were at risk of exceeding a core body temperature of 39.0 °C during high-intensity running. We also investigated effects on skin temperature, fluid loss, and thermal sensation, comparing pregnant athletes to non-pregnant controls.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this comparative cross-sectional study, 30 elite and recreational athletes (pregnant n = 15) completed up to five high-intensity treadmill-intervals. Core and skin temperature were continuously measured. Body weight was utilized to calculate the amount of fluid loss.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Highest core body temperature were 38.76 °C and 39.56 °C in one pregnant and non-pregnant participant, respectively. Pregnant participants had lower core body temperatures (mean difference −0.47 °C, p ≤ 0.001) initially and a smaller increase (0.10 °C, p ≤ 0.003) during later intervals compared with the non-pregnant controls. Pregnant participants also showed a greater increase in skin temperature (4.08 ± 0.72 °C vs. 3.25 ± 0.86 °C, p = 0.008) and fluid loss (0.81 ± 0.19 L vs. 0.50 ± 0.12 L, p˂0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Physiological changes in pregnancy may enhance thermoregulation, indicating that high-intensity interval runs are unlikely to pose a risk of exceeding a core body temperature of 39 °C for pregnant athletes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000625/pdfft?md5=5a81a67e8d8271058b1f4e4e66188704&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000625-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.002
Nike Lu , Patrick W.C. Lau , Huiqi Song , Yuxin Zhang , Ruhina Binta A. Ghani , Chenglong Wang
Background/objective
Physical activity (PA) self-efficacy plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing PA behaviors in children. However, the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in boosting PA self-efficacy among children remains uncertain. Furthermore, which behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in eHealth interventions can positively influence children's PA self-efficacy needs further exploration for designing tailored eHealth interventions. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the effectiveness of eHealth interventions and BCTs in promoting children's PA self-efficacy.
Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Ovid, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO) up to January 8, 2024. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-experimental, and two-group experiments that examined the effect of eHealth interventions on PA self-efficacy among healthy children aged 0–18 years. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilized to assess the risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of eHealth interventions and BCTs in selected studies.
Results
Sixteen studies were screened, including 6020 participants with an average age of 11.58 years (SD = 2.87). The result showed small but significant intervention effects with high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.34 %) for postintervention PA self-efficacy (Hedges’ g = 0.315; 95 % CI = 0.069, 0.562, p = .012). Two BCTs were significantly associated with enhanced PA self-efficacy: instruction on performing the behavior (p = .003) and behavior demonstration (p = .036). Additionally, studies that adopted social support (unspecified) a nd prompt/cues were significantly less effective than studies that did not use these BCTs (p = .001).
Conclusions
The findings showed that eHealth interventions positively affect children's PA self-efficacy. This review is the pioneer in focusing on BCTs in eHealth interventions for children. The insights gained provide valuable knowledge about tailored BCTs incorporated into eHealth interventions that promote children's PA self-efficacy.
Trial registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42024512058.
背景/目的：体育锻炼（PA）自我效能感在维持和加强儿童体育锻炼行为方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，电子健康干预在提高儿童体育锻炼自我效能感方面的效果仍不确定。此外，电子健康干预中使用的哪些行为改变技术（BCTs）能积极影响儿童的PA自我效能感，还需要进一步探讨，以便设计出量身定制的电子健康干预措施。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在确定电子健康干预措施和行为改变技术在促进儿童自我锻炼能力方面的有效性。方法根据系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，对截至 2024 年 1 月 8 日的六个数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCOhost、Ovid、SPORTDiscus、PsycINFO）进行了全面检索。纳入标准包括随机对照试验 (RCT)、准实验和两组实验，这些试验研究了电子健康干预对 0-18 岁健康儿童的 PA 自我效能的影响。采用物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表评估偏倚风险。结果筛选出16项研究，包括6020名参与者，平均年龄为11.58岁（SD = 2.87）。结果表明，干预效果虽小，但却很明显，干预后的PA自我效能异质性很高（I2 = 92.34 %）（Hedges' g = 0.315; 95 % CI = 0.069, 0.562, p = .012）。有两项 BCT 与 PA 自我效能感的提高有明显相关性：行为指导（p = .003 ）和行为示范（p = .036）。此外，采用社会支持（未指定）和提示/提示的研究的效果明显低于未采用这些BCT的研究（p = .001）。本综述率先关注了儿童电子保健干预中的BCTs。所获得的见解为将有针对性的BCT纳入促进儿童自我锻炼能力的电子健康干预措施提供了宝贵的知识：CRD42024512058。
{"title":"The effect of electronic health (eHealth) interventions for promoting physical activity self-efficacy in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nike Lu , Patrick W.C. Lau , Huiqi Song , Yuxin Zhang , Ruhina Binta A. Ghani , Chenglong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Physical activity (PA) self-efficacy plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing PA behaviors in children. However, the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in boosting PA self-efficacy among children remains uncertain. Furthermore, which behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in eHealth interventions can positively influence children's PA self-efficacy needs further exploration for designing tailored eHealth interventions. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the effectiveness of eHealth interventions and BCTs in promoting children's PA self-efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Ovid, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO) up to January 8, 2024. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-experimental, and two-group experiments that examined the effect of eHealth interventions on PA self-efficacy among healthy children aged 0–18 years. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilized to assess the risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of eHealth interventions and BCTs in selected studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sixteen studies were screened, including 6020 participants with an average age of 11.58 years (SD = 2.87). The result showed small but significant intervention effects with high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 92.34 %) for postintervention PA self-efficacy (<em>Hedges’ g</em> = 0.315; 95 % CI = 0.069, 0.562, <em>p</em> = .012). Two BCTs were significantly associated with enhanced PA self-efficacy: <em>instruction on performing the behavior</em> (p = .003) and <em>behavior demonstration</em> (<em>p</em> = .036). Additionally, studies that adopted social support (unspecified) a nd prompt/cues were significantly less effective than studies that did not use these BCTs (p = .001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings showed that eHealth interventions positively affect children's PA self-efficacy. This review is the pioneer in focusing on BCTs in eHealth interventions for children. The insights gained provide valuable knowledge about tailored BCTs incorporated into eHealth interventions that promote children's PA self-efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42024512058.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 417-428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000613/pdfft?md5=16e7f234a1af8ba2fcfd007e9fcc4058&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000613-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.001
Fenghua Sun , Yuan Fang , Ying Fung Ho , Gary Chi-Ching Chow , Yaxi Yang , Kunyi Huang , Clare Chung-Wah Yu , Duo Liu , Stephen Heung-Sang Wong , Parco Ming-Fai Siu , Simon B. Cooper
Background
Children with ADHD demand for effective intervention with minimum side effect to improve executive function (EF) and health well-being.
Method
This study used a three-arm partially-blinded randomized controlled trial to test the effects of two different kinds of 8-week game-based training programs (game-based HIIT program, GameHIIT; and game-based structured aerobic exercise program, GameSAE) on EF and other health indicators of children with ADHD, which was compared with a non-treatment control group.
Results
A total of 49 children with ADHD completed the program. Analyses of EF tests and parental survey indicated that (i) there is no significant intragroup difference among all measures between pre-/post-intervention tests for two game-based intervention groups. The only significant intergroup difference was observed in self-monitor score of parent-reported child's EF between GameSAE group and the control (large effect). Similarly, cerebral hemodynamic responses also found no significant group effect for all EF tests. However, the time effects were observed in several channels in the GameHIIT group in two EF tests (Color Words Stroop Test and Tower of London Test). No significant change of participants' overall ADHD symptoms was found in the pre-/post-tests for three groups. Nonetheless, further analyses revealed that both of two game-based training programs exhibited the significant positive effects on child's PA levels and the large effects on levels of physical fitness, when they were compared to the control.
Conclusion
By this study, a significant enhancement in physical fitness and PA levels were found in both game-based PA interventions when they were compared with control group. However, the effectiveness of game-based PA interventions on improving EF or reducing ADHD symptoms remains unclear. This implies that a larger intervention dosage or a tailored intervention design may be warranted to improve the EF of children with ADHD.
方法本研究采用三臂部分盲法随机对照试验，测试了两种不同类型的为期8周的游戏式训练计划（游戏式HIIT计划，GameHIIT；游戏式结构化有氧运动计划，GameSAE）对多动症儿童执行功能（EF）和其他健康指标的影响，并与非治疗对照组进行了比较。对EF测试和家长调查的分析表明：(i) 两个以游戏为基础的干预组在干预前/后测试的所有指标中没有显著的组内差异。唯一显著的组间差异是 GameSAE 组和对照组之间在家长报告的儿童 EF 自我监测得分方面的差异（大效应）。同样，在所有 EF 测试中，脑血流动力学反应也没有发现明显的组间效应。然而，在两项 EF 测试（颜色词 Stroop 测试和伦敦塔测试）中，GameHIIT 组的多个通道观察到了时间效应。在三组的前后测试中，参与者的整体多动症症状没有发现明显变化。尽管如此，进一步的分析表明，与对照组相比，两个游戏式培训项目都对儿童的PA水平产生了显著的积极影响，并对体能水平产生了较大影响。然而，游戏性活动量干预对改善EF或减少ADHD症状的效果仍不明确。这意味着，要改善多动症儿童的EF，可能需要更大的干预剂量或量身定制的干预设计。
{"title":"Effectiveness of a game-based high-intensity interval training on executive function and other health indicators of children with ADHD: A three-arm partially-blinded randomized controlled trial","authors":"Fenghua Sun , Yuan Fang , Ying Fung Ho , Gary Chi-Ching Chow , Yaxi Yang , Kunyi Huang , Clare Chung-Wah Yu , Duo Liu , Stephen Heung-Sang Wong , Parco Ming-Fai Siu , Simon B. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Children with ADHD demand for effective intervention with minimum side effect to improve executive function (EF) and health well-being.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study used a three-arm partially-blinded randomized controlled trial to test the effects of two different kinds of 8-week game-based training programs (game-based HIIT program, GameHIIT; and game-based structured aerobic exercise program, GameSAE) on EF and other health indicators of children with ADHD, which was compared with a non-treatment control group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 49 children with ADHD completed the program. Analyses of EF tests and parental survey indicated that (i) there is no significant intragroup difference among all measures between pre-/post-intervention tests for two game-based intervention groups. The only significant intergroup difference was observed in self-monitor score of parent-reported child's EF between GameSAE group and the control (large effect). Similarly, cerebral hemodynamic responses also found no significant group effect for all EF tests. However, the time effects were observed in several channels in the GameHIIT group in two EF tests (Color Words Stroop Test and Tower of London Test). No significant change of participants' overall ADHD symptoms was found in the pre-/post-tests for three groups. Nonetheless, further analyses revealed that both of two game-based training programs exhibited the significant positive effects on child's PA levels and the large effects on levels of physical fitness, when they were compared to the control.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>By this study, a significant enhancement in physical fitness and PA levels were found in both game-based PA interventions when they were compared with control group. However, the effectiveness of game-based PA interventions on improving EF or reducing ADHD symptoms remains unclear. This implies that a larger intervention dosage or a tailored intervention design may be warranted to improve the EF of children with ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 408-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000601/pdfft?md5=7272fa95f5e97e9a7235146ea774d3f4&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000601-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号