Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献_第2页

The Goldilocks day for preschoolers' health outcomes: A compositional data analysis of 24-H movement behaviors on weekdays and weekends 金发女孩日对学龄前儿童健康结果的影响：工作日和周末24小时运动行为的成分数据分析

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.004

Xinyu Wang, Xu Zhang, Jane Jie Yu, Weizhen Gao, Miaomiao Wan, Xu Wen

Objective

Preschool children's activity patterns differ between weekdays and weekends. Weekdays are constrained by structured educational activities and parental commitments, which limit flexibility, while weekends provide opportunities for extra sleep (SLP), physical activity (PA), and reduced sedentary behavior (SB). This study aims to estimate optimal activity durations for both weekdays and weekends, based on the development of executive function (EF), fundamental movement skills (FMS), and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.

Methods

A total of 289 preschool children aged 3–6 years from four kindergartens in Zhejiang Province participated. PA and SLP were objectively measured using accelerometers and the Children's Sleep Quality Questionnaire. EF, which includes working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, was measured using the Early Years Toolbox (EYT). FMS were assessed using the test of gross motor development-3rd edition (TGMD-3), and PF was evaluated according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Manual (Preschool Children Section). Compositional data regression models were applied to examine the relationship between 24-h movement behaviors and health outcomes on weekdays and weekends. Optimal time-use compositions for each outcome were estimated, and 3D quaternary plots were generated to define the Goldilocks Day at the center of the overlapping regions.

Results

24-h movement behaviors were significantly correlated with EF (weekdays: F = 5.4, p < 0.01; weekends: F = 5.7, p < 0.001), FMS (weekdays: F = 2.3, p < 0.05; weekends: F = 2.5, p < 0.05), and PF (weekdays: F = 4.6, p < 0.01; weekends: F = 5.3, p < 0.01). Differences in optimal time-use between weekdays and weekends were observed. For weekdays, the optimal daily durations were: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 106 (70–140) min, light physical activity (LPA) 40 (30–50) min, SB 703 (600–800) min, and SLP 591 (470–700) min. For weekends, the optimal daily durations were: MVPA 115 (80–150) min, LPA 45 (40–50) min, SB 668 (570–760) min, and SLP 611 (530–690) min.

Conclusion

This study provides recommendations for time allocation on weekdays and weekends to support the healthy development of preschool children.

目的探讨学龄前儿童平日与周末的活动模式差异。工作日受到有组织的教育活动和父母承诺的限制，这限制了灵活性，而周末则提供了额外睡眠（SLP）、体育活动（PA）和减少久坐行为（SB）的机会。本研究旨在根据学龄前儿童的执行功能（EF）、基本运动技能（FMS）和身体素质（PF）的发展，估计工作日和周末的最佳活动时间。方法对浙江省4所幼儿园3 ~ 6岁学龄前儿童289名进行调查。采用加速度计和儿童睡眠质量问卷客观测量PA和SLP。EF包括工作记忆、抑制控制和认知灵活性，使用早期工具箱（EYT）进行测量。FMS采用大肌肉运动发展量表第三版（TGMD-3）进行评定，PF采用《国家体质测试手册（学龄前儿童部分）》进行评定。采用组合数据回归模型检验工作日和周末24小时运动行为与健康结果的关系。估算每个结果的最佳时间利用组合，并生成3D第四纪图，以确定重叠区域中心的金发姑娘日。结果24小时运动行为与EF（平日：F = 5.4, p < 0.01；周末：F = 5.7, p < 0.001）、FMS（平日：F = 2.3, p < 0.05；周末：F = 2.5, p < 0.05）、PF（平日：F = 4.6, p < 0.01；周末：F = 5.3, p < 0.01）呈显著相关。观察到工作日和周末在最佳时间利用方面的差异。工作日的最佳运动时间为：中高强度运动（MVPA） 106 (70-140) min，轻度运动（LPA） 40 (30-50) min, SB 703 (600-800) min, SLP 591 (470-700) min。周末的最佳运动时间为：MVPA 115 (80-150) min, LPA 45 (40 - 50) min, SB 668 (570-760) min, SLP 611 (530-690) min。结论本研究为支持学龄前儿童工作日和周末的健康发展提供了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration and health indicators in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis 儿童和青少年注意缺陷多动障碍患者加速计测量的身体活动与睡眠时间和健康指标之间的关系：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200429

Xiao Liang , Hui Qiu , Justin A. Haegele , Xiao Li , Minghui Li , Jiayue Li , Shirley Xin Li

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized available studies to explore relationships between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) levels or sleep duration and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines, the six databases APA PsychInfo, CINAHL Ultimate, Embase, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus with Full Text and Web of Science were searched from inception through July 2024. The correlation coefficient (r) was employed to determine the effect size in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was utilised to estimate the potentially heterogeneously distributed effect sizes with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) between groups. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I², with a p-value derived from Q statistics.

Results

Thirteen eligible studies were included, involving 738 children and adolescents with ADHD (71.1 % boys). The health indicators assessed were executive functions (EFs), motor development, psychological health, and core ADHD symptoms. We found that higher PA levels (i.e., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) (k = 9, r = 0.36, 95 %CI 0.22 to 0.49) with medium heterogeneity (Q = 13.006, I² = 38 %, p = 0.112), and longer sleep duration (k = 6, r = 0.20, 95 %CI 0.06 to 0.35) with medium heterogeneity (Q = 7.495, I² = 33 %, p = 0.186), were significantly correlated with better overall EFs. Additionally, MVPA was negatively associated with psychopathology (k = 5, r = −0.19, 95 %CI -0.35 to −0.03) with medium heterogeneity (Q = 8.058, I² = 50 %, p = 0.089) in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Conclusion

The findings provide support for significant relationships between PA levels (i.e., MVPA) and sleep duration with overall EFs and MVPA with psychopathology in children and adolescents with ADHD. It is recommended that future studies conduct moderation analyses to examine factors that affect the generalisability of the findings, such as age, sex, and ADHD subtypes. However, these analyses could not be conducted in the current meta-analysis due to the limited number of included studies.

目的：本系统综述和荟萃分析综合了现有研究，探讨加速度计测量的身体活动（PA）水平或睡眠时间与儿童和青少年注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）健康相关结局之间的关系。方法根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南，检索APA PsychInfo， CINAHL Ultimate, Embase， MEDLINE， SPORTDiscus with Full Text和Web of Science从成立到2024年7月的6个数据库。meta分析采用相关系数(r)确定效应大小。随机效应模型用于估计组间潜在异质性分布的效应量，置信区间为95%。使用I2评估统计异质性，p值来自Q统计量。结果纳入13项符合条件的研究，涉及738名ADHD儿童和青少年（71.1%为男孩）。评估的健康指标包括执行功能（EFs）、运动发育、心理健康和核心ADHD症状。我们发现，具有中等异质性（Q = 13.006, I2 = 38%, p = 0.112）的较高PA水平（即中至高强度体力活动[MVPA]）（k = 9, r = 0.36, 95% CI 0.22至0.49）和具有中等异质性（Q = 7.495, I2 = 33%, p = 0.186）的较长睡眠时间（k = 6, r = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06至0.35）与较好的总体EFs显著相关。此外，MVPA与ADHD儿童和青少年的精神病理呈负相关（k = 5, r = - 0.19, 95% CI -0.35至- 0.03），异质性中等（Q = 8.058, I2 = 50%, p = 0.089）。结论儿童和青少年ADHD患者PA水平（即MVPA）、睡眠时间、总EFs和MVPA与精神病理之间存在显著关系。建议未来的研究进行适度分析，以检查影响研究结果普遍性的因素，如年龄、性别和ADHD亚型。然而，由于纳入的研究数量有限，这些分析无法在当前的荟萃分析中进行。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of retrograde run training on long jump performances of student athletes: A randomized controlled study 逆行跑训练对学生运动员跳远成绩的影响：随机对照研究

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.005

Xinming Lai , Nuttaset Manimmanakorn , Apiwan Manimmanakorn , Michael J. Hamlin

Background/Objectives

Retrograde run training increases forward run speed and muscle power. However, the effect of retrograde run training on long jump performance is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of retrograde run training on the long jump performance of physical education (PE) students compared to conventional training.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted including 120 PE students from Huzhou University Physical Education Faculty. The participants were randomly allocated into an experimental group or control group. Both groups received a conventional long jump training program, however the experimental group received additional retrograde run training (10 min 3 times per week for 12 weeks), while the control group received a similar level of forward run training. Changes in long jump and other performances were measured at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of the training program.

Results

Over the 12-week intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in long jump, take off angle, take off accuracy, standing long jump, single leg stance, 30-m forward sprint and 40-m retrograde shuttle run compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Within-group analysis confirmed the experimental group improved significantly from baseline in all outcomes (p < 0.05). In contrast, the control group showed significant improvement only in long jump performance, take-off angle, and single leg stance.

Conclusion

The addition of retrograde run training to traditional long jump training significantly improved long jump performance in PE students and may be used as an alternative method to enhance long jump performance.

背景/目的逆行跑训练可提高向前跑速度和肌肉力量。然而，逆行跑训练对跳远成绩的影响尚不清楚。摘要本研究旨在探讨逆行跑训练对体育学生跳远成绩的影响。方法对湖州学院体育学院120名体育专业学生进行随机临床试验。参与者被随机分为实验组和对照组。两组都接受了常规的跳远训练，然而实验组接受了额外的逆行跑训练（每周3次，每次10分钟，持续12周），而对照组接受了类似水平的正向跑训练。在训练计划的第4周、第8周和第12周测量了跳远和其他成绩的变化。结果经过12周的干预，实验组在跳远、起跳角度、起跳精度、立定跳远、单腿站立、30米向前冲刺、40米逆行梭跑等方面均较对照组有显著提高（p < 0.05）。组内分析证实实验组的所有结果均较基线有显著改善（p < 0.05）。相比之下，对照组仅在跳远成绩、起跳角度和单腿站姿方面有显著提高。结论在传统跳远训练的基础上加入逆行跑训练，可显著提高体育学生的跳远成绩，可作为提高跳远成绩的一种替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Differential effects of local and general fatigue on brain network efficiency, corticospinal and neuromuscular excitability 局部和全身疲劳对脑网络效率、皮质脊髓和神经肌肉兴奋性的不同影响

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.001

Changxiao Yu , Jianglong Zhan , Songlin Xiao , Bin Shen , Junhong Zhou , Weijie Fu

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue induced by local- and general-muscular exercise on brain network efficiency, corticospinal and neuromuscular excitability.

Methods

Twenty-four participants randomly performed two different fatigue protocols (i.e., locally induced vs generally induced) separated by 5–7 days. Local fatigue was provided with maximum isokinetic plantar dorsiflexion, and general fatigue was provided with a running exercise on a treadmill at a personalized constant velocity. M-wave, H-reflex, and the resting-state electroencephalography signal, were recorded before and after local and general fatigue.

Results

Compared with local fatigue, fatigue induced by general muscular exercise can significantly increase clustering coefficient (p = 0.003), global efficiency (p = 0.001) and local efficiency (p = 0.005) in the beta band relative to the baseline values. The two fatigue protocols can significantly decrease maximal M-wave (M_max, p < 0.001), maximal H-reflex (H_max, p < 0.001), H_max/M_max (p = 0.001) and level of activation (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The two different fatigue protocols can decrease peripheral neuromuscular excitability and affect spinal fatigue. General fatigue can promote the integration of local and global efficiency by strengthening the functional connectivity of the brain network to optimize resource allocation and resist the negative effects of fatigue.

目的探讨局部和全身肌肉运动引起的疲劳对脑网络效率、皮质脊髓和神经肌肉兴奋性的影响。方法24名参与者随机进行两种不同的疲劳治疗方案（局部诱导和一般诱导），间隔5-7天。局部疲劳提供最大等速足底背屈，一般疲劳提供在跑步机上以个性化的恒定速度进行跑步锻炼。记录局部疲劳和全身疲劳前后的m波、h反射和静息状态脑电图信号。结果与局部疲劳相比，一般肌肉运动引起的疲劳能显著提高β带的聚类系数（p = 0.003）、整体效率（p = 0.001）和局部效率（p = 0.005）。两种疲劳方案均能显著降低最大m波（Mmax, p < 0.001）、最大h反射（Hmax, p < 0.001）、Hmax/Mmax （p = 0.001）和激活水平（p < 0.001）。结论两种不同的疲劳方案均可降低周围神经肌肉兴奋性，影响脊柱疲劳。一般疲劳可以通过增强脑网络的功能连通性来促进局部和整体效率的整合，从而优化资源配置，抵御疲劳的负面影响。

{"title":"Differential effects of local and general fatigue on brain network efficiency, corticospinal and neuromuscular excitability","authors":"Changxiao Yu , Jianglong Zhan , Songlin Xiao , Bin Shen , Junhong Zhou , Weijie Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue induced by local- and general-muscular exercise on brain network efficiency, corticospinal and neuromuscular excitability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four participants randomly performed two different fatigue protocols (i.e., locally induced vs generally induced) separated by 5–7 days. Local fatigue was provided with maximum isokinetic plantar dorsiflexion, and general fatigue was provided with a running exercise on a treadmill at a personalized constant velocity. M-wave, H-reflex, and the resting-state electroencephalography signal, were recorded before and after local and general fatigue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with local fatigue, fatigue induced by general muscular exercise can significantly increase clustering coefficient (<em>p</em> = 0.003), global efficiency (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and local efficiency (<em>p</em> = 0.005) in the beta band relative to the baseline values. The two fatigue protocols can significantly decrease maximal M-wave (M<sub>max</sub>, <em>p</em> < 0.001), maximal H-reflex (H<sub>max</sub>, <em>p</em> < 0.001), H<sub>max</sub>/M<sub>max</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and level of activation (<em>p</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The two different fatigue protocols can decrease peripheral neuromuscular excitability and affect spinal fatigue. General fatigue can promote the integration of local and global efficiency by strengthening the functional connectivity of the brain network to optimize resource allocation and resist the negative effects of fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The proportion of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity to total volume of physical activity correlates with decreased risk of possible sarcopenia: A prospective cohort study 一项前瞻性队列研究：中等至高强度体力活动占体力活动总量的比例与可能的肌肉减少症风险降低相关

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.003

Xiuguo Ge , Xiaoxiang Shen , Xiaoguang Zhao

Objectives

Physical activity (PA) intensity is a critical factor in managing chronic diseases. However, a significant gap remains regarding how the relative proportion of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) within total PA volume specifically influences sarcopenia risk, particularly as evidenced by longitudinal data. This study therefore specifically aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the MVPA fraction and the incidence of possible sarcopenia (PS).

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 4,215 middle-aged and older individuals from the first wave in 2011 and the third wave in 2015 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used a Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess PA. Muscle strength and physical performance were used to determine PS in accordance with the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. The association between the proportion of MVPA to total PA volume and the risk of PS was tested using robust Poisson regression analysis.

Results

In comparison to no activity, the 0%, 1%–33%, 34%–66%, and 67%–100% of MVPA were linked to 11% (aRR = 0.89, 95 % CI = 0.74, 1.08), 26% (aRR = 0.74, 95 % CI = 0.57, 0.96), 20% (aRR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.66, 0.98), and 33% (aRR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.56, 0.83) decreases in the risk of PS, respectively. Subgroup analyses by sex and age revealed that the inverse association between MVPA proportion and PS risk remained significant specifically among women and older adults. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the inverse association between MVPA proportion and PS risk.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that middle-aged and older adults with a greater proportion of MVPA to total volume of PA may have a decreased risk of PS, and the correlation is affected by age and sex.

目的体育活动（PA）强度是治疗慢性疾病的关键因素。然而，关于中度至剧烈PA （MVPA）在总PA容积中的相对比例如何具体影响肌肉减少症风险，特别是纵向数据所证明的，仍然存在重大差距。因此，本研究专门旨在调查MVPA分数与可能的肌肉减少症（PS）发生率之间的纵向关联。方法对2011年第一波和2015年第三波中国健康与退休纵向研究的4215名中老年个体进行前瞻性队列研究。我们使用中文版的国际体育活动问卷来评估PA。根据2019年亚洲肌肉减少症工作组的规定，使用肌肉力量和身体表现来确定PS。MVPA占总PA容积的比例与PS风险之间的关系采用稳健泊松回归分析进行检验。结果与不活动组相比，MVPA组0%、1% ~ 33%、34% ~ 66%和67% ~ 100%分别使PS风险降低11% （aRR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.74, 1.08）、26% （aRR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.96）、20% （aRR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66, 0.98）和33% （aRR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83）。性别和年龄的亚组分析显示，MVPA比例与PS风险之间的负相关仍然显著，特别是在女性和老年人中。敏感性分析证实MVPA比例与PS风险呈负相关。结论中老年人MVPA占PA总量的比例越大，患PS的风险越低，且相关性受年龄和性别的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of two different doses of HIFT on physical function, cognitive performance, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial 两种不同剂量的HIFT对轻度认知障碍老年人身体功能、认知表现和生活质量的影响：一项随机对照试验

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.004

Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo , Yulieth Rivas-Campo , Carlos Mario Basto-Cardona , David Alejandro Gonzalez-Bustamante , Agustin Aibar-Almazan , Yolanda Castellote-Caballero , Fidel Hita-Contreras , Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz , Yeny Concha-Cisternas

Background/Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compromises physical and mental function in older adults and increases the risk of dementia. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a promising intervention, but the optimal dose-response for improving cognitive and physical outcomes in this population remains unclear.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 224 older adults (≥65 years) allocated to three groups: high-dose HIFT (4 sessions of 60 min/week), low-dose HIFT (2 sessions of 45 min/week), and control (non-exercise activities). The intervention lasted 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included cognitive function (MAAS, MoCA, TMT A/B, VFAT, DSST), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test, Tinetti), and quality of life (SF-36, PSQI). A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine the time × group interaction.

Results

Significant time × group interactions were observed for MAAS (F = 20.50; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.005), MoCA (F = 17.40; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.034), TMT A (F = 38.60; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.098), and VFAT (F = 109.00; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.101), with greater improvements in both HIFT groups compared to control. For quality of life, significant interactions were found across all SF-36 dimensions, notably in Vitality (F = 76.20; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.095) and Emotional Role (F = 23.00; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.032). Physical fitness also improved, with significant effects in the 6-Minute Walk Test (F = 29.80; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.108) and 8-Foot Up-and-Go (F = 81.00; p < 0.001; η²G = 0.191).

Conclusion

Both high- and low-dose HIFT programs improved cognitive, physical, and quality-of-life outcomes in older adults with MCI. The low-dose intervention achieved similar effects to the high-dose protocol, offering a time-efficient and scalable approach for implementation in clinical and community settings.

背景/目的：轻度认知障碍（MCI）损害老年人的身心功能，并增加痴呆的风险。高强度功能训练（High-Intensity Functional Training， HIFT）是一种很有前景的干预手段，但在这一人群中，改善认知和身体状况的最佳剂量反应尚不清楚。方法对224名年龄≥65岁的老年人进行随机对照试验，将其分为3组：高剂量HIFT组（4次60分钟/周）、低剂量HIFT组（2次45分钟/周）和对照组（无运动活动）。干预持续12周。主要指标包括认知功能（MAAS、MoCA、TMT A/B、VFAT、DSST）、体能（Senior fitness Test、Tinetti）和生活质量（SF-36、PSQI）。采用重复测量方差分析来检验时间×组相互作用。结果MAAS （F = 20.50; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.005）、MoCA （F = 17.40; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.034）、TMT A （F = 38.60; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.098）和VFAT （F = 109.00; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.101）的时间组间相互作用显著，HIFT组与对照组相比均有较大改善。对于生活质量，在SF-36的所有维度中都发现了显著的相互作用，特别是在活力（F = 76.20; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.095）和情感角色（F = 23.00; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.032）。身体素质也得到了改善，在6分钟步行测试（F = 29.80; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.108）和8英尺上下行走测试（F = 81.00; p < 0.001; η2G = 0.191）中效果显著。结论：高剂量和低剂量HIFT方案均可改善老年MCI患者的认知、身体和生活质量。低剂量干预取得了与高剂量方案相似的效果，为在临床和社区环境中实施提供了一种具有时间效率和可扩展的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Delayed potentiation effect after high-load resistance priming: Effects of rest-redistribution set structures on athletic performance 高负荷阻力启动后的延迟增强效应：休息-再分配集结构对运动成绩的影响

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.001

Xingyi Niu , Fei Liu , Yuzhen Chen , Diwei Chen , Zhexiao Zhou

<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This investigation involved examining whether Rest-Redistribution Set (RR) and Traditional-Set (TS) resistance priming (RP) protocols could induce a Delayed Potentiation Effect (DPE). Additionally, it was analyzed whether the RR protocol demonstrated significant advantages over the TS protocol in various performance parameters across different testing time points following the RP.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Twenty-four male collegiate Physical Education majors participated in this study, each completing two resistance protocols involving the back squat exercise: (1) a RR protocol incorporating a 30-s intra-set rest and a 200-s inter-set rest, and (2) a TS protocol without intra-set rest and with a 240-s inter-set rest. Both protocols comprised four sets of five repetitions performed at 85 % of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Performance outcomes, including countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint time, Y-balance test scores, change of direction (COD) ability, and agility, were evaluated at three time points: baseline (Pre), 6 h post-exercise (Post-6h), and 24 h post-exercise (Post-24h). Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with factors for protocol (RR vs. TS) and time (Pre, Post-6h, Post-24h). When significant main effects or interaction effects were identified, Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) A significant interaction between RP protocols and testing time points was observed for CMJ, sprint, and agility performance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Simple effects of time: At Post-6h, both RP protocols elicited significant DPE across most metrics. Specifically, the TS protocol improved sprint (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and agility (<em>P</em> < 0.001) compared to Pre, whereas the RR protocol enhanced CMJ (<em>P</em> = 0.003), sprint (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and agility (<em>P</em> < 0.001). By Post-24h, TS showed significant declines in CMJ (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and sprint (<em>P</em> < 0.001) relative to Pre, while RR maintained improvements in agility (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Simple effects of RP protocol: At Post-6h, RR outperformed TS in CMJ (<em>P</em> = 0.005), sprint (<em>P</em> = 0.013), and agility (<em>P</em> = 0.005). At Post-24h, RR demonstrated significantly superior CMJ performance versus TS (<em>P</em> = 0.014). (2) No significant interaction effects between RP and testing time points were observed in COD or Y-balance tests (<em>P</em> > 0.05). However, time-dependent effects emerged: COD improved at Post-6h compared to Pre (<em>P</em> = 0.005), while Y-balance performance showed enhancements at both Post-6h and Post-24h compared to Pre (<em>P</em> < 0.001), with Post-24h values exceeding Post-6h (<em>P</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both the RR and TS protocols induced DPE at the Post-6h mark. The RR protocol improved CMJ, sprint, and agility performance, whi

目的探讨Rest-Redistribution Set （RR）和tradition -Set （TS）抗性启动（RP）方案是否能诱导延迟增强效应（DPE）。此外，还分析了RR协议在RP之后的不同测试时间点上的各种性能参数是否比TS协议具有显著优势。方法24名大学体育专业男性学生，每人完成两项阻力方案，其中包括后蹲练习：(1)30秒内休息+ 200秒间休息的RR方案；(2)不组内休息+ 240秒间休息的TS方案。两种方案都包括四组，每组五次重复，以一次重复最大值（1RM）的85%进行。在基线（Pre）、运动后6小时（Post-6h）和运动后24小时（Post-24h）三个时间点评估运动结果，包括反动作跳跃（CMJ）、冲刺时间、y -平衡测试分数、方向改变（COD）能力和敏捷性。数据分析采用双向重复测量方差分析（ANOVA），包括治疗方案（RR vs. TS）和时间（治疗前、6小时后、24小时后）。当确定了显著的主效应或交互效应时，进行bonferroni调整后的事后两两比较。结果(1)RP协议与测试时间点对CMJ、sprint和敏捷性绩效有显著的交互作用（P < 0.05）。时间的简单影响：在6小时后，两种RP协议在大多数指标上都引起了显著的DPE。具体来说，与Pre相比，TS协议改善了sprint （P < 0.001）和敏捷性（P < 0.001），而RR协议增强了CMJ （P = 0.003）、sprint （P < 0.001）和敏捷性（P < 0.001）。24小时后，TS与Pre相比CMJ （P = 0.007）和sprint （P < 0.001）显著下降，而RR在敏捷性方面保持改善（P = 0.001）。RP方案的简单效果：在6小时后，RR在CMJ （P = 0.005）、sprint （P = 0.013）和敏捷性（P = 0.005）方面优于TS。24小时后，RR组的CMJ表现明显优于TS组（P = 0.014）。(2)在COD和Y-balance试验中，RP与试验时间点之间无显著交互作用（P > 0.05）。然而，时间依赖性效应出现了：COD在6h后较预处理有所改善（P = 0.005）， Y-balance性能在6h后和24h后均较预处理有所增强（P < 0.001），其中24h后的值超过6h后（P < 0.001）。结论RR和TS方案均可在6h后诱发DPE。RR协议改进了CMJ、sprint和敏捷性能，而TS协议只增强了sprint和敏捷指标。相比之下，RR在CMJ、sprint和敏捷性指标上的DPE明显高于TS。在24小时后，DPE在大多数测量中都有所下降（Y-balance除外），RR保持CMJ和冲刺性能接近基线水平，并且与基线相比显着增强了敏捷性性能。此外，RR在CMJ性能上优于TS。RP方案在COD和Y-balance性能方面也产生了DPE， Y-balance在24h后达到最高记录值。虽然抗炎药表现出更强的整体疗效，但其效果仅限于某些性能参数，表明需要进一步验证。

{"title":"Delayed potentiation effect after high-load resistance priming: Effects of rest-redistribution set structures on athletic performance","authors":"Xingyi Niu , Fei Liu , Yuzhen Chen , Diwei Chen , Zhexiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This investigation involved examining whether Rest-Redistribution Set (RR) and Traditional-Set (TS) resistance priming (RP) protocols could induce a Delayed Potentiation Effect (DPE). Additionally, it was analyzed whether the RR protocol demonstrated significant advantages over the TS protocol in various performance parameters across different testing time points following the RP.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Twenty-four male collegiate Physical Education majors participated in this study, each completing two resistance protocols involving the back squat exercise: (1) a RR protocol incorporating a 30-s intra-set rest and a 200-s inter-set rest, and (2) a TS protocol without intra-set rest and with a 240-s inter-set rest. Both protocols comprised four sets of five repetitions performed at 85 % of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Performance outcomes, including countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint time, Y-balance test scores, change of direction (COD) ability, and agility, were evaluated at three time points: baseline (Pre), 6 h post-exercise (Post-6h), and 24 h post-exercise (Post-24h). Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with factors for protocol (RR vs. TS) and time (Pre, Post-6h, Post-24h). When significant main effects or interaction effects were identified, Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) A significant interaction between RP protocols and testing time points was observed for CMJ, sprint, and agility performance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Simple effects of time: At Post-6h, both RP protocols elicited significant DPE across most metrics. Specifically, the TS protocol improved sprint (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and agility (<em>P</em> < 0.001) compared to Pre, whereas the RR protocol enhanced CMJ (<em>P</em> = 0.003), sprint (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and agility (<em>P</em> < 0.001). By Post-24h, TS showed significant declines in CMJ (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and sprint (<em>P</em> < 0.001) relative to Pre, while RR maintained improvements in agility (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Simple effects of RP protocol: At Post-6h, RR outperformed TS in CMJ (<em>P</em> = 0.005), sprint (<em>P</em> = 0.013), and agility (<em>P</em> = 0.005). At Post-24h, RR demonstrated significantly superior CMJ performance versus TS (<em>P</em> = 0.014). (2) No significant interaction effects between RP and testing time points were observed in COD or Y-balance tests (<em>P</em> > 0.05). However, time-dependent effects emerged: COD improved at Post-6h compared to Pre (<em>P</em> = 0.005), while Y-balance performance showed enhancements at both Post-6h and Post-24h compared to Pre (<em>P</em> < 0.001), with Post-24h values exceeding Post-6h (<em>P</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both the RR and TS protocols induced DPE at the Post-6h mark. The RR protocol improved CMJ, sprint, and agility performance, whi","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 487-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of a diaphragmatic fatigue protocol in healthy male population on muscle strength, respiratory function and exercise capacity: A randomized clinical trial 健康男性膈肌疲劳方案对肌肉力量、呼吸功能和运动能力的影响：一项随机临床试验

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.002

Marta de-la-Plaza-San-Frutos , Alberto Sánchez Sierra , Ángel González de la Flor , Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda , María Bravo Aguilar , José Ángel Del Blanco Múñiz , Beatriz Ruiz Ruiz , Arturo Ladriñán Maestro

Background

Inspiratory muscle fatigue has been shown to impair physical performance. This study investigated the impact of a specific inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on lower limb muscle strength and cardiorespiratory outcomes in a cohort of physically active individuals.

Method

A randomized controlled trial, adhering to CONSORT guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. Healthy male participants were randomly assigned to an inspiratory muscle fatigue group (EG) or control load group (CG). The EG performed a diaphragmatic fatigue protocol involving inspiratory exercises at 60 % of their maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), while the CG performed two sets of 30 repetitions at 15 % of MIP. Measurements, including countermovement jump (CMJ), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, half squat (HS), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and MIP, were collected before and immediately after the intervention.

Results

Forty participants completed the study. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for CMJ (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.405), FEV1 (p = 0.030; η2p = 0.118), FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.279) and HS (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.332), all with moderate to large effect sizes. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in CMJ in the EG (p < 0.001, −8.4 %), while the CG showed no significant change (p = 0.092). FEV₁/FVC decreased significantly in the EG (p = 0.007, −5.3 %), while the CG showed a significant increase (p = 0.015, +4.7 %). Similarly, HS decreased significantly in the EG (p = 0.002, −6.3 %), while the CG showed a significant increase (p = 0.007, +5.4 %). No significant interactions were observed for SpO₂, heart rate, MIP or FVC.

Conclusions

Diaphragmatic fatigue significantly impairs lower limb strength in physically active individuals, potentially compromising athletic performance and increasing injury risk. These findings enhance understanding of the interplay between respiratory and muscular strength in athletes.

研究表明，呼吸肌疲劳会损害身体机能。本研究在一组体力活动个体中调查了特定的吸气肌疲劳方案对下肢肌肉力量和心肺结局的影响。方法随机对照试验，遵循CONSORT指南，以确保方法的严谨性。健康男性参与者被随机分配到吸气肌疲劳组（EG）或控制负荷组（CG）。EG组以最大吸气压力（MIP）的60%进行膈肌疲劳练习，而CG组以最大吸气压力的15%进行两组30次重复。在干预前和干预后立即收集反动作跳（CMJ）、1 s用力呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC比值、半蹲（HS）、外周氧饱和度（SpO2）和MIP等指标。结果40名参与者完成了研究。CMJ （p < 0.001; η2p = 0.405）、FEV1 （p = 0.030; η2p = 0.118）、FEV1/FVC （p < 0.001; η2p = 0.279）和HS （p < 0.001; η2p = 0.332）存在显著的群体-时间交互作用，均具有中大型效应量。事后分析显示EG的CMJ显著降低（p < 0.001, - 8.4%），而CG无显著变化（p = 0.092）。EG组FEV1/FVC显著降低（p = 0.007, - 5.3%），而CG组FEV1/FVC显著升高（p = 0.015, + 4.7%）。同样，HS在EG组显著降低（p = 0.002,−6.3%），而CG组显著升高（p = 0.007, + 5.4%）。SpO2、心率、MIP或FVC未观察到显著的相互作用。结论：在体力活动个体中，膈肌疲劳会显著损害下肢力量，潜在地影响运动表现并增加受伤风险。这些发现加强了对运动员呼吸和肌肉力量之间相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of heat stimulation after high-intensity interval training on serum adipokines, eHSP72, and immunoglobulins in men with obesity 高强度间歇训练后热刺激对肥胖男性血清脂肪因子、eHSP72和免疫球蛋白的影响

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.002

Do Hyun Kim , Eun Sook Kim , Jin Seok Lee , Sung Jin Yoon

Background/objectives

Excessive body fat causes imbalances in adipokines and impairs immune function, and not only exercise but also heat stimulation can promote fat reduction and induce extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72) expression, thereby improving immune function. Therefore, we examined the effects of heat stimulation after HIIT on adipokines, eHSP72, and immunoglobulin levels in men with obesity.

Methods

Forty-eight men were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: high-intensity interval training followed by heat stimulation (HIITHS), moderate-intensity continuous training followed by heat stimulation (MICTHS), and heat stimulation (HS). The 12-week intervention was performed three times per week. Body composition and blood marker levels were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results

The HIITHS and MICTHS groups showed significant improvements in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage. Adiponectin levels increased, whereas leptin levels decreased in all groups. eHSP72 and immune marker levels (IgA, IgG) increased, with the greatest eHSP72 response observed in the HIITHS group. The IgE levels decreased in the HIITHS and HS groups.

Conclusion

These results suggest that combining HIIT with heat stimulation improves serum adipokines, eHSP72, and immunoglobulins in men with obesity, indicating that this approach may serve as a safe and effective intervention.

背景/目的体脂过多导致脂肪因子失衡，免疫功能受损，运动和热刺激均可促进脂肪减少，诱导细胞外热休克蛋白72 （eHSP72）表达，从而提高免疫功能。因此，我们研究了HIIT后热刺激对肥胖男性脂肪因子、eHSP72和免疫球蛋白水平的影响。方法48名男性随机分为高强度间歇训练加热刺激组（HIITHS）、中等强度连续训练加热刺激组（MICTHS）和热刺激组（HS）。为期12周的干预每周进行三次。在干预前后评估身体成分和血液标志物水平。结果HIITHS组和MICTHS组患者的体重、体重指数（BMI）和体脂率均有显著改善。脂联素水平上升，而瘦素水平下降。eHSP72和免疫标志物（IgA、IgG）水平升高，hiths组eHSP72反应最大。hiths组和HS组IgE水平降低。结论HIIT联合热刺激可改善肥胖男性血清脂肪因子、eHSP72和免疫球蛋白水平，是一种安全有效的干预方法。

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引用次数: 0

Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the triglyceride glucose index and its derived indices: evidence from NHANES 2013–2018 久坐行为、身体活动与甘油三酯葡萄糖指数及其衍生指数之间的关联：来自NHANES 2013-2018的证据

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.003

Minghui Du , Longwei Chen , Yan Li , Liang Xia , Yueying Liu , Mengyue Guo , Zeyi Zhang , Yunan Li

Background

While sedentary behavior and physical activity have been associated with the TyG index, their associations with TyG-derived indices and their potential interaction remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the independent and interactive associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with the TyG index and its derived indices.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis used NHANES 2013–2018 data. We employed survey-weighted multivariate regression and restricted cubic splines to evaluate independent and nonlinear associations. Multiplicative interaction terms were used to examine if physical activity levels altered the association between sedentary behavior and outcomes.

Results

After multivariable adjustment, longer sedentary time was significantly associated with higher TyG index (β = 0.0051, p < 0.0001), TyG-BMI (β = 1.1395, p < 0.0001), TyG-WHtR (β = 0.0163, p < 0.0001) and TyG-WC (β = 3.0860, p < 0.0001). Higher physical activity showed inverse associations with TyG (β = −0.0039, p < 0.0001), TyG-BMI (β = −0.2677, p = 0.0007), TyG-WHtR (β = −0.0054, p < 0.0001) and TyG-WC (β = −1.0057, p < 0.0001). Nonlinear relationships were observed between physical activity and TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-WC (p < 0.01). Significant interactions existed between sedentary behavior and physical activity on TyG (p = 0.037), TyG-WHtR (p = 0.047) and TyG-WC (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Prolonged sedentary behavior and lower physical activity showed associations with adverse profiles of the TyG index and its derivatives. Significant interactions between these behaviors were observed, indicating a particularly important combined association with central obesity-related indices. Integrating reductions in sedentary time with increases in physical activity could represent a synergistic approach for improving metabolic health.

虽然久坐行为和体育活动与TyG指数有关，但它们与TyG衍生指数的关系及其潜在的相互作用尚不清楚。目的探讨久坐行为和体力活动与TyG指数及其衍生指数之间的独立和互动关系。方法采用NHANES 2013-2018数据进行横断面分析。我们采用调查加权多元回归和限制三次样条来评估独立的和非线性的关联。乘法交互项被用来检验身体活动水平是否改变了久坐行为和结果之间的联系。结果经多变量调整后，久坐时间较长与TyG指数（β = 0.0051, p < 0.0001）、TyG- bmi （β = 1.1395, p < 0.0001）、TyG- whtr （β = 0.0163, p < 0.0001）、TyG- wc （β = 3.0860, p < 0.0001）升高显著相关。高体力活动与TyG （β = - 0.0039, p < 0.0001）、TyG- bmi （β = - 0.2677, p = 0.0007）、TyG- whtr （β = - 0.0054, p < 0.0001）和TyG- wc （β = - 1.0057, p < 0.0001）呈负相关。体力活动与TyG-BMI、TyG-WHtR、TyG-WC呈非线性关系（p < 0.01）。久坐行为与身体活动在TyG （p = 0.037）、TyG- whtr （p = 0.047）和TyG- wc （p = 0.047）上存在显著交互作用。结论久坐行为和低体力活动与TyG指数及其衍生物的不良特征有关。观察到这些行为之间的显著相互作用，表明与中心肥胖相关指数特别重要的联合关联。将减少久坐时间与增加体力活动结合起来，可能是改善代谢健康的一种协同方法。

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