Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Acute effect of dark chocolate intake before high-intensity resistance exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy young men","authors":"Urara Hata ,&nbsp;Yuto Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Midori Natsume ,&nbsp;Takanobu Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study investigated the effect of dark chocolate (DC) intake before resistance exercise (RE) on arterial stiffness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve healthy adult males (age, 23.0 ± 1.0 years) performed DC or white chocolate (WC) intake trial on separate days in a randomized crossover trials. Participants consumed 50g of DC containing 1285 mg cocoa polyphenols or an isocaloric amount of WC 50g without polyphenols. All participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions using 80 % of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and 5 sets of 10 repetitions using 70 % of the 1RM biceps curl. Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before chocolate intake (baseline); and before (at 60 min after chocolate intake), immediately after, and at 30 and 60 min after completing the RE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both trials, there was a significant increase in baPWV immediately after the RE compared with baseline (baseline: DC 1103 ± 94 cm/s, WC 1108 ± 167 cm/s; immediately after RE: DC 1300 ± 187 cm/s, WC 1325 ± 178 cm/s; P &lt; 0.05). In the DC intake trial, baPWV decreased to 1210 ± 180 cm/s at 30 min and 1155 ± 134 cm/s at 60 min after RE, compared to immediately after RE (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, in the WC intake trial baPWV was decreased to 1222 ± 176 cm/s at 60 min after RE compared to immediately after RE (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that in comparison with WC intake, DC intake before RE might quickly reduce post-exercise increased arterial stiffness. <strong>Clinical Trials Registry Number</strong>: UMIN000052616.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 409-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of aerobic exercise on immune components across healthy and diseased populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Gengxin Dong ,&nbsp;Xueying He ,&nbsp;Jiya He ,&nbsp;Dapeng Bao ,&nbsp;Qi Gao ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aerobic exercise may improve immune component quantities in healthy and diseased populations, but its effects across different health conditions and immune systems remain unclear. This review examined its impact on immune components in both populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search in June 2025 across four databases included randomized controlled studies on aerobic exercise's effects on immune components in adults. Data (M ± SD) were extracted and converted to standardized mean difference (SMD) using random-effect meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies (502 participants) were included. The meta-analysis results showed long-term aerobic exercise increased T-cell counts in diseased individuals (p &lt; 0.05) but not in healthy ones (p &gt; 0.05). It significantly reduced IgA levels in healthy participants compared to non-exercising controls (p &lt; 0.05), potentially counteracting natural temporal increases observed in sedentary populations, without affecting IgG, IgM, leukocytes, neutrophils, or monocytes in either group (p &gt; 0.05). Single-pass exercise did not alter leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD3⁺, or NK cells in healthy participants (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Long-term aerobic exercise primarily affects adaptive immune components, benefiting individuals with unstable immune conditions. Single-pass exercise has no effect on healthy populations, making long-term interventions more suitable for improving adaptive immunity in unstable immune states.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div><span><span>www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, identifier: CRD42024546696.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 435-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compared to moderate-intensity continuous training, short-term high-intensity interval training demonstrates enhanced effects on metabolic flexibility in adult males with obesity","authors":"Jia-Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Shi-Qi Lu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Bo Cao ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) with matched energy expenditure on metabolic flexibility and other metabolic parameters in adult male individuals with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty male individuals with obesity (age: 21.4 ± 1.5 years; body mass index: 31.0 ± 3.6 kg/m²) were enrolled in this crossover design study. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention sequence of 1) 3 consecutive days of HIIT (30 min, 6 × 2.5 min bouts at 90 % Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO_2peak), alternated with 2.5 min active recovery periods [25 % VO_2peak]), or 2) three consecutive days of MICT (60 min at 50 % VO_2peak), with a washout period of 1 week. Respiratory quotient (RQ), glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were measured both during fasting and throughout a 180 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), conducted before and after the intervention. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were derived. ΔRQ was defined as the average RQ during the OGTT minus fasting RQ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Short-term exercise intervention significantly reduced HOMA-IR in male individuals with obesity (P &lt; 0.001) and concurrently increased the Matsuda index (P = 0.001). Both exercise interventions led to a similar decrease in fasting RQ (P = 0.001), C-peptide, insulin, and HOMA-IR (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, they reduced the iAUC for glucose and insulin during the OGTT (P &lt; 0.001). The ΔRQ and the RQ iAUC in the HIIT group were significantly higher than those in the MICT group, and different exercise intensities exhibited interactive effects within groups for RQ iAUC and ΔRQ (P = 0.013 and P = 0.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Two short-term exercise interventions similarly improved glucose tolerance, with HIIT demonstrating a more advantageous effect on metabolic flexibility than MICT in male individuals with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>The trial was officially registered at <span><span>www.chictr.org.cn</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (ChiCTR2300072884).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of acute and chronic cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity of the upper and lower extremity muscles in young healthy females","authors":"Xuanyao Liu,&nbsp;Bin Leng,&nbsp;Haizhen Huang,&nbsp;Yadan He,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have evaluated the impact of exercise on specific skeletal muscle microvascular function, despite its importance. This study aimed to assess the acute and chronic effects of cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity in the upper and lower extremities of young healthy females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen young healthy females performed an acute bout of cycling exercise on a cycle ergometer at 75 % of their maximal heart rate for 30 min, both before and after cycling training three times a week for eight weeks. For each bout of acute exercise, microvascular function in the biceps brachii (BB) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with the post-occlusive reactive hyperemia technique, measured pre-exercise and at 20-, 40-, and 60-min post-exercise. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total body fat mass, abdominal fat mass and leg fat mass were significantly reduced by training. Before training, cycling exercise acutely improved microvascular reactivity in BB but not in VL. Eight weeks of cycling training significantly improved resting microvascular reactivity in BB but not in VL. Training had no impact on post-exercise microvascular reactivity at VL, but elicited improvement in BB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute and chronic cycling exercise enhanced skeletal muscle microvascular responses in the upper extremity of young healthy females, but this effect was not observed in the lower extremity. Training enhanced post-exercise microvascular responses at upper extremity but not lower extremity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two different doses of HIFT on physical function, cognitive performance, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo ,&nbsp;Yulieth Rivas-Campo ,&nbsp;Carlos Mario Basto-Cardona ,&nbsp;David Alejandro Gonzalez-Bustamante ,&nbsp;Agustin Aibar-Almazan ,&nbsp;Yolanda Castellote-Caballero ,&nbsp;Fidel Hita-Contreras ,&nbsp;Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Yeny Concha-Cisternas","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background/Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compromises physical and mental function in older adults and increases the risk of dementia. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a promising intervention, but the optimal dose-response for improving cognitive and physical outcomes in this population remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 224 older adults (≥65 years) allocated to three groups: high-dose HIFT (4 sessions of 60 min/week), low-dose HIFT (2 sessions of 45 min/week), and control (non-exercise activities). The intervention lasted 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included cognitive function (MAAS, MoCA, TMT A/B, VFAT, DSST), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test, Tinetti), and quality of life (SF-36, PSQI). A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine the time × group interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant time × group interactions were observed for MAAS (F = 20.50; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.005), MoCA (F = 17.40; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.034), TMT A (F = 38.60; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.098), and VFAT (F = 109.00; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.101), with greater improvements in both HIFT groups compared to control. For quality of life, significant interactions were found across all SF-36 dimensions, notably in Vitality (F = 76.20; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.095) and Emotional Role (F = 23.00; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.032). Physical fitness also improved, with significant effects in the 6-Minute Walk Test (F = 29.80; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.108) and 8-Foot Up-and-Go (F = 81.00; p &lt; 0.001; η²G = 0.191).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both high- and low-dose HIFT programs improved cognitive, physical, and quality-of-life outcomes in older adults with MCI. The low-dose intervention achieved similar effects to the high-dose protocol, offering a time-efficient and scalable approach for implementation in clinical and community settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 462-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effects of 25-minute electrical muscle stimulation vs. 90-minute full-body resistance training on body composition and strength: A 20-week intervention","authors":"Süleyman Ulupınar ,&nbsp;Uğur Arı ,&nbsp;Necip Fazıl Kishalı ,&nbsp;İzzet İnce ,&nbsp;Salih Çabuk ,&nbsp;Cebrail Gençoğlu ,&nbsp;Serhat Özbay","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Electromyostimulation (EMS) and traditional resistance training (TradRT) are widely used methods for improving muscle strength and body composition. However, comparative studies employing a multi-week longitudinal design remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 20 weeks of EMS vs. TradRT on body composition and strength performance in physically active adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the EMS group (n = 22) or the TradRT group (n = 24). The EMS group performed twice-weekly, 25-min whole-body EMS sessions, while the TradRT group completed twice-weekly, 90-min full-body resistance training sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Assessments of body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and maximal strength were conducted at baseline, 10 weeks, and 20 weeks. A significant time effect was observed for all variables (p &lt; 0.001), indicating improvements in both groups. However, group × time interactions revealed distinct adaptation patterns. The TradRT group exhibited greater reductions in body fat percentage and superior strength gains in bench press, leg press, shoulder press, and triceps pushdown, and abdominal strength. Conversely, the EMS group showed greater reductions in body weight and BMI. No significant interaction effect was observed for biceps curl strength. Both EMS and TradRT were effective in improving strength and body composition, but TradRT led to greater strength development and fat reduction, while EMS was more effective for weight and BMI reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that EMS may serve as a viable alternative for individuals unable to engage in high-load resistance training, whereas TradRT remains superior for maximizing strength and fat loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 349-359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing cognitive function through blood flow restriction: An effective resistance exercise modality for middle-aged women","authors":"Dohyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Kyeongho Byun ,&nbsp;Sewon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Cognitive decline progresses more rapidly in women than in men, with a higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases observed in females. Exercise has been shown to enhance cognitive function through the upregulation of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, high-load resistance exercise may not be suitable for all populations, particularly middle-aged women. Low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LLBFR) has emerged as an effective alternative. This study investigated the acute effects of LLBFR on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in middle-aged women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen healthy middle-aged women completed a randomized crossover trial involving four conditions: control (CON), low-load resistance exercise (LLRE), LLBFR, and moderate-load resistance exercise (MLRE). Cognitive function was assessed before and after each session using the color-word matching Stroop task (CWST). Blood samples were analyzed for serum levels of BDNF, VEGF, and IGF-1, and lactate concentrations were measured to evaluate metabolic responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only the LLBFR condition showed significant improvements in CWST reaction time (<em>p</em> = 0.002) with no changes in error rates, indicating enhanced cognitive performance. Serum BDNF and VEGF levels increased significantly following both LLBFR (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>p</em> = 0.014, respectively) and MLRE (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>p</em> = 0.004, respectively), whereas IGF-1 levels remained unchanged across conditions. Increases in lactate concentrations were positively correlated with changes in BDNF and VEGF (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 for both), but not with IGF-1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single session of LLBFR improved cognitive function and upregulated neurotrophic factors, particularly BDNF and VEGF, in middle-aged women. These findings suggest that LLBFR may be an effective intervention for promoting cognitive health in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of training volume settings between unilateral training and bilateral training on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Meiling Tao ,&nbsp;George P. Nassis ,&nbsp;Yuou Song ,&nbsp;Mingyue Yin ,&nbsp;Chenwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengde Lyu ,&nbsp;Zhili Chen ,&nbsp;Yuming Zhong ,&nbsp;Chris Bishop ,&nbsp;Yongming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The unilateral/bilateral dimension refers to whether an action is performed by one side of the body alone or involves both sides simultaneously. Unilateral training (UT) and bilateral training (BT) have been shown to enhance athletic performance. However, there are differences in training volume settings between unilateral and bilateral training, making it essential to understand their characteristics for optimizing training protocols and improving competitive level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This systematic review aimed to: 1) explore the effects of training volume settings between unilateral training and bilateral training on improvements in athletic performance (muscle strength, jump performance, sprint time, and change of direction time), and 2) investigate the moderating effects on testing metrics, training frequency, and training protocol on athletic performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science (Core Collection) on June 5, 2024, and updated on April 17, 2025. Included studies were randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of UT versus BT on athletic performance in athlete. Pooled effects for each outcome were summarized using Standardized Mean Difference [Hedges' g (g)] through a three-level meta-analysis model, and subgroup analyses were used to explore moderators. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of nine high-quality randomized controlled trials were included, involving 225 athletes. The results showed that there was no significant difference in improving athletic performance whether the training volume of UT and BT was the same (g = 0.20 [-1.56, 1.15], I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-2 = 77.8 %; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-3 = 0.0 %, low GRADE) or when the UT volume was twice that of BT (−0.04 [-0.14, 0.06], I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-2 = 93.8 %; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-3 = 0.0 %, moderate GRADE). When the training volumes of UT and BT were the same, the impact on athletic performance was not significantly moderated by test items, training frequency, or training protocols. Neither unilateral test metrics (g = −0.84) nor bilateral test metrics (g = −0.90) showed significant improvement. There was no significant difference between training twice a week (g = −0.16) and training three times a week (g = −0.19). Similarly, there was no significant difference between conducting plyometric training (g = −0.16) and another instance of plyometric training (g = −0.19). When the UT volume was twice that of BT, it might be significantly moderated by test items, but training frequency and training protocols were likely not significant moderators. Unilateral test metrics (g = −0.39) and bilateral test metrics (g = 0.64) both showed significant improvements. There was still no significant difference between training twice a week (g = −0.14) and training three times a week (g = 0","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The proportion of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity to total volume of physical activity correlates with decreased risk of possible sarcopenia: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Xiuguo Ge ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Physical activity (PA) intensity is a critical factor in managing chronic diseases. However, a significant gap remains regarding how the relative proportion of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) within total PA volume specifically influences sarcopenia risk, particularly as evidenced by longitudinal data. This study therefore specifically aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the MVPA fraction and the incidence of possible sarcopenia (PS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 4,215 middle-aged and older individuals from the first wave in 2011 and the third wave in 2015 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used a Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess PA. Muscle strength and physical performance were used to determine PS in accordance with the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. The association between the proportion of MVPA to total PA volume and the risk of PS was tested using robust Poisson regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In comparison to no activity, the 0%, 1%–33%, 34%–66%, and 67%–100% of MVPA were linked to 11% (aRR = 0.89, 95 % CI = 0.74, 1.08), 26% (aRR = 0.74, 95 % CI = 0.57, 0.96), 20% (aRR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.66, 0.98), and 33% (aRR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.56, 0.83) decreases in the risk of PS, respectively. Subgroup analyses by sex and age revealed that the inverse association between MVPA proportion and PS risk remained significant specifically among women and older adults. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the inverse association between MVPA proportion and PS risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study findings suggest that middle-aged and older adults with a greater proportion of MVPA to total volume of PA may have a decreased risk of PS, and the correlation is affected by age and sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 515-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial health in young-, and middle-age women: A mediation effect of body composition","authors":"Jitanan Laosiripisan ,&nbsp;Napasakorn Chuensiri ,&nbsp;Prin Ongkeaw ,&nbsp;Thanonwat Sriputsayathanoth ,&nbsp;Sawitree Poonpetpradab ,&nbsp;Pornpicha Narmgate","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}