Journal of Eye Movement Research最新文献

英文中文

Filtering eye-tracking data from an EyeLink 1000: Comparing heuristic, savitzky-golay, IIR and FIR digital filters 从EyeLink 1000中过滤眼动追踪数据:比较启发式、savitzky-golay、IIR和FIR数字滤波器

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.14.3.6

Mehedi Hasan Raju, Lee Friedman, Troy Bouman, Oleg Komogortsev

In a prior report (Raju et al., 2023) we concluded that, if the goal was to preserve events such as saccades, microsaccades, and smooth pursuit in eye-tracking recordings, data with sine wave frequencies less than 75 Hz were the signal and data above 75 Hz were noise. Here, we compare five filters in their ability to preserve signal and remove noise. We compared the proprietary STD and EXTRA heuristic filters provided by our EyeLink 1000 (SR-Research, Ottawa, Canada), a Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter (low-pass Butterworth), and a finite impulse filter (FIR). For each of the non-heuristic filters, we systematically searched for optimal parameters. Both the IIR and the FIR filters were zero-phase filters. All filters were evaluated on 216 fixation segments (256 samples), from nine subjects. Mean frequency response profiles and amplitude spectra for all five filters are provided. Also, we examined the effect of our filters on a noisy recording. Our FIR filter had the sharpest roll-off of any filter. Therefore, it maintained the signal and removed noise more effectively than any other filter. On this basis, we recommend the use of our FIR filter. We also report on the effect of these filters on temporal autocorrelation.

在之前的报告(Raju et al.， 2023)中，我们得出结论，如果目标是在眼动追踪记录中保留诸如扫视、微扫视和平滑追踪等事件，那么正弦波频率低于75 Hz的数据是信号，高于75 Hz的数据是噪声。在这里，我们比较了五种滤波器保持信号和去除噪声的能力。我们比较了我们的EyeLink 1000 (SR-Research, Ottawa, Canada)提供的专有STD和EXTRA启发式滤波器、Savitzky-Golay (SG)滤波器、无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器(低通Butterworth)和有限脉冲滤波器(FIR)。对于每个非启发式过滤器，我们系统地搜索最优参数。IIR滤波器和FIR滤波器都是零相位滤波器。所有过滤器在9个受试者的216个固定段(256个样本)上进行评估。给出了五种滤波器的平均频率响应曲线和振幅谱。此外，我们还检查了我们的过滤器对嘈杂录音的影响。我们的FIR滤波器具有所有滤波器中最大的滚降。因此，它比任何其他滤波器更有效地保持了信号并去除了噪声。在此基础上，我们建议使用我们的FIR滤波器。我们还报道了这些滤波器对时间自相关的影响。

{"title":"Filtering eye-tracking data from an EyeLink 1000: Comparing heuristic, savitzky-golay, IIR and FIR digital filters","authors":"Mehedi Hasan Raju, Lee Friedman, Troy Bouman, Oleg Komogortsev","doi":"10.16910/jemr.14.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.14.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"In a prior report (Raju et al., 2023) we concluded that, if the goal was to preserve events such as saccades, microsaccades, and smooth pursuit in eye-tracking recordings, data with sine wave frequencies less than 75 Hz were the signal and data above 75 Hz were noise. Here, we compare five filters in their ability to preserve signal and remove noise. We compared the proprietary STD and EXTRA heuristic filters provided by our EyeLink 1000 (SR-Research, Ottawa, Canada), a Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter (low-pass Butterworth), and a finite impulse filter (FIR). For each of the non-heuristic filters, we systematically searched for optimal parameters. Both the IIR and the FIR filters were zero-phase filters. All filters were evaluated on 216 fixation segments (256 samples), from nine subjects. Mean frequency response profiles and amplitude spectra for all five filters are provided. Also, we examined the effect of our filters on a noisy recording. Our FIR filter had the sharpest roll-off of any filter. Therefore, it maintained the signal and removed noise more effectively than any other filter. On this basis, we recommend the use of our FIR filter. We also report on the effect of these filters on temporal autocorrelation.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Behind the scenes: Impact of virtual backgrounds in educational videos on visual processing and learning outcomes 幕后:教育视频中虚拟背景对视觉处理和学习结果的影响

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.3.4

Leen Catrysse, Andrienne Kerckhoffs, Halszka Jarodzka

The increasing use of instructional videos in educational settings has emphasized the need for a deeper understanding of their design requirements. This study investigates the impact of virtual backgrounds in educational videos on students' visual information processing and learning outcomes. Participants aged 14-17 (N=47) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a video with a neutral, authentic, or off-topic background. Their prior knowledge and working memory capacity (WMC) were measured before watching the video, and eye tracking data was collected during the viewing. Learning outcomes and student experiences were assessed after viewing. The eye tracking data revealed that a neutral background was the least distracting, allowing students to pay better attention to relevant parts of the video. Students found the off-topic background most distracting, but the negative effect on learning outcomes was not statistically significant. In contrast to expectations, no positive effect was observed for the authentic background. Furthermore, WMC had a significant impact on visual information processing and learning outcomes. These findings suggest that educators should consider using neutral backgrounds in educational videos, particularly for learners with lower WMC. Consequently, this research underscores the significance of careful design considerations in the creation of instructional videos.

在教育环境中越来越多地使用教学录象，强调需要更深入地了解其设计要求。本研究探讨了虚拟背景对学生视觉信息加工和学习效果的影响。年龄在14-17岁的参与者(N=47)被随机分配到三种情况中的一种:中性、真实或离题背景的视频。在观看视频前测量他们的先验知识和工作记忆容量(WMC)，并在观看过程中收集眼动追踪数据。学习成果和学生体验在观看后进行评估。眼动追踪数据显示，中性背景最不容易分散注意力，能让学生更好地关注视频的相关部分。学生发现离题背景最容易分散注意力，但对学习成果的负面影响在统计上并不显著。与预期相反，真实背景没有观察到积极的影响。此外，WMC对视觉信息加工和学习结果有显著影响。这些发现表明，教育工作者应该考虑在教育视频中使用中性背景，特别是对于低WMC的学习者。因此，本研究强调了在教学视频创作中仔细设计考虑的重要性。

{"title":"Behind the scenes: Impact of virtual backgrounds in educational videos on visual processing and learning outcomes","authors":"Leen Catrysse, Andrienne Kerckhoffs, Halszka Jarodzka","doi":"10.16910/jemr.16.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.16.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of instructional videos in educational settings has emphasized the need for a deeper understanding of their design requirements. This study investigates the impact of virtual backgrounds in educational videos on students' visual information processing and learning outcomes. Participants aged 14-17 (N=47) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a video with a neutral, authentic, or off-topic background. Their prior knowledge and working memory capacity (WMC) were measured before watching the video, and eye tracking data was collected during the viewing. Learning outcomes and student experiences were assessed after viewing. The eye tracking data revealed that a neutral background was the least distracting, allowing students to pay better attention to relevant parts of the video. Students found the off-topic background most distracting, but the negative effect on learning outcomes was not statistically significant. In contrast to expectations, no positive effect was observed for the authentic background. Furthermore, WMC had a significant impact on visual information processing and learning outcomes. These findings suggest that educators should consider using neutral backgrounds in educational videos, particularly for learners with lower WMC. Consequently, this research underscores the significance of careful design considerations in the creation of instructional videos.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of eye model parameter variations on simulated eye-tracking outcomes 眼模型参数变化对模拟眼动追踪结果的影响

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.3.1

Joshua Fischer, David Van den Heever, None Johan van der Merwe

The simulated data used in eye-tracking-related research has been largely generated using normative eye models with little consideration of how the variations in eye biometry found in the population may influence eye-tracking outcomes. This study investigated the influence that variations in eye model parameters have on the ability of simulated data to predict real-world eye-tracking outcomes. The real-world experiments performed by two pertinent comparative studies were replicated in a simulated environment using a high-complexity stochastic eye model that includes anatomically accurate distributions of eye biometry parameters. The outcomes showed that variations in anterior corneal asphericity significantly influence simulated eye-tracking outcomes of both interpolation and model-based gaze estimation algorithms. Other, more commonly varied parameters such as the corneal radius of curvature and foveal offset angle had little influence on simulated outcomes.

眼动追踪相关研究中使用的模拟数据主要是使用规范的眼模型生成的，很少考虑人群中眼生物特征的变化如何影响眼动追踪结果。本研究探讨了眼模型参数的变化对模拟数据预测现实世界眼动追踪结果的影响。两项相关比较研究的真实世界实验在模拟环境中使用高复杂性随机眼睛模型进行复制，该模型包括眼睛生物计量参数的解剖精确分布。结果表明，前角膜非球形度的变化显著影响插值和基于模型的注视估计算法的模拟眼动追踪结果。另外，更常见的变化参数，如角膜曲率半径和中央凹偏移角对模拟结果影响不大。

引用次数: 0

Changes in saccadic eye movement and smooth pursuit gain in patients with acquired comitant esotropia after strabismus surgery 斜视术后获得性共同性内斜视患者的眼球跳动和平滑追求增益的变化

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.4.3

Miharu Mihara, Atsushi Hayashi, Ken Kakeue, Ryoi Tamura

This study investigates the change in horizontal saccadic eye movement and smooth pursuit in patients with acquired comitant esotropia (ACE), before and after strabismus surgery. The horizontal saccades and pursuit in 11 patients with ACE were recorded using a video eye-tracker under binocular viewing before and after strabismus surgery. Participants were instructed to fixate on the new target as rapidly as possible when it randomly appeared at either 18.3° rightward or 18.3° leftward. For smooth pursuit, participants were asked to track, as accurately as possible, a step-ramp target moving at ±6.1°/s. The asymmetry of adduction-abduction and the binocular coordination in gains of saccade and pursuit were compared between the pre- and post-surgical data. The asymmetry of adduction-abduction saccade gain in each eye after surgery tended to be smaller than that before surgery. The binocular coordination of saccade showed significant improvement after surgery in only the non-dominant eye direction. Adduction-abduction asymmetry in the smooth pursuit gain in each eye after surgery tended to be smaller than before surgery. After surgery, the binocular coordination of pursuit was improved significantly in both directions. In patients with ACE, binocular coordination of saccade and smooth pursuit was poor. Binocular coordination of saccade and pursuit seems to be improved due to the improvement in ocular deviation angle and binocular visual function after surgery.

本研究探讨了获得性共同性内斜视(ACE)患者在斜视手术前后水平跳眼运动和平滑追踪的变化。采用视频眼动仪对11例ACE患者斜视手术前后的水平扫视和追动进行了记录。当新目标随机出现在右侧18.3°或左侧18.3°时，参与者被要求尽可能快地注视新目标。为了顺利追踪，参与者被要求尽可能准确地跟踪以±6.1°/s移动的台阶-斜坡目标。我们比较了手术前后的内收外展不对称性和双眼协调性。术后各眼内收外展扫视的不对称性较术前有减小的趋势。仅在非优势眼方向上，术后双眼扫视协调性有显著改善。术后每只眼内收外展不对称的平滑追求增益趋向于小于术前。术后双眼追求协调在两个方向上均有明显改善。ACE患者的双眼视跳协调性差，眼球平顺性差。由于术后眼偏角和双眼视功能的改善，双眼的扫视和追视协调性似乎有所改善。

{"title":"Changes in saccadic eye movement and smooth pursuit gain in patients with acquired comitant esotropia after strabismus surgery","authors":"Miharu Mihara, Atsushi Hayashi, Ken Kakeue, Ryoi Tamura","doi":"10.16910/jemr.16.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.16.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the change in horizontal saccadic eye movement and smooth pursuit in patients with acquired comitant esotropia (ACE), before and after strabismus surgery. The horizontal saccades and pursuit in 11 patients with ACE were recorded using a video eye-tracker under binocular viewing before and after strabismus surgery. Participants were instructed to fixate on the new target as rapidly as possible when it randomly appeared at either 18.3° rightward or 18.3° leftward. For smooth pursuit, participants were asked to track, as accurately as possible, a step-ramp target moving at ±6.1°/s. The asymmetry of adduction-abduction and the binocular coordination in gains of saccade and pursuit were compared between the pre- and post-surgical data. The asymmetry of adduction-abduction saccade gain in each eye after surgery tended to be smaller than that before surgery. The binocular coordination of saccade showed significant improvement after surgery in only the non-dominant eye direction. Adduction-abduction asymmetry in the smooth pursuit gain in each eye after surgery tended to be smaller than before surgery. After surgery, the binocular coordination of pursuit was improved significantly in both directions. In patients with ACE, binocular coordination of saccade and smooth pursuit was poor. Binocular coordination of saccade and pursuit seems to be improved due to the improvement in ocular deviation angle and binocular visual function after surgery.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136015880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing different function fitting methods for mobile eye-tracker calibration 测试不同功能拟合方法在移动眼动仪标定中的应用

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.4.2

Börn Severitt, Thomas Kübler, Enkelejda Kasneci

During calibration, an eye-tracker fits a mapping function from features to a target gaze point. While there is research on which mapping function to use, little is known about how to best estimate the function's parameters. We investigate how different fitting methods impact accuracy under different noise factors, such as mobile eye-tracker imprecision or detection errors in feature extraction during calibration. For this purpose, a simulation of binocular gaze was developed for a) different calibration patterns and b) different noise characteristics. We found the commonly used polynomial regression via least-squares-error fit often lacks to find good mapping functions when compared to ridge regression. Especially as data becomes noisier, outlier-tolerant fitting methods are of importance. We demonstrate a reduction in mean MSE of 20% by simply using ridge over polynomial fit in a mobile eye-tracking experiment.

在校准过程中，眼动仪拟合一个从特征到目标注视点的映射功能。虽然有关于使用哪个映射函数的研究，但对于如何最好地估计函数的参数知之甚少。我们研究了在不同的噪声因素下，不同的拟合方法对精度的影响，如校准过程中移动眼动仪的不精度或特征提取的检测误差。为此，针对a)不同的校准模式和b)不同的噪声特性，开发了双目凝视模拟。我们发现，与岭回归相比，常用的最小二乘误差拟合多项式回归往往缺乏良好的映射函数。特别是当数据变得更有噪声时，容忍离群值的拟合方法非常重要。我们证明了在移动眼动追踪实验中，通过简单地使用ridge over多项式拟合，平均MSE降低了20%。

引用次数: 0

Motion velocity as a preattentive feature in cartographic symbolization 运动速度是地图符号化中一个预先注意的特征

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.4.1

Paweł Cybulski, Vassilios Krassanakis

The presented study aims to examine the process of preattentive processing of dynamic point symbols used in cartographic symbology. More specifically, we explore different motion types of geometric symbols on a map together with various motion velocity distribution scales. The main hypothesis is that, in specific cases, motion velocity of dynamic point symbols is the feature that could be perceived preattentively on a map. In a controlled laboratory experiment, with 103 participants and eye tracking methods, we used administrative border maps with animated symbols. Participants’ task was to find and precisely identify the fastest changing symbol. It turned out that not every type of motion could be perceived preattentively even though the motion distribution scale did not change. The same applied to symbols’ shape. Eye movement analysis revealed that successful detection was closely related to the fixation on the target after initial preattentive vision. This confirms a significant role of the motion velocity distribution and the usage of symbols’ shape in cartographic design of animated maps.

本研究旨在探讨地图符号学中动态点符号的预注意加工过程。更具体地说，我们探索了地图上不同运动类型的几何符号以及不同的运动速度分布尺度。主要假设是，在特定情况下，动态点符号的运动速度是可以在地图上被预先注意到的特征。在一项有103名参与者参与的受控实验室实验中，我们使用了带有动画符号的行政边界地图。参与者的任务是找到并准确识别变化最快的符号。结果表明，并不是每一种类型的运动都能被前注意感知，即使运动分布尺度没有改变。符号的形状也是如此。眼动分析表明，成功的检测与初始注意视觉后对目标的注视密切相关。这证实了运动速度分布和符号形状的使用在动画地图制图设计中的重要作用。

引用次数: 0

Eye tracking in optometry: A systematic review 眼动追踪在验光中的应用:系统回顾

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.3.3

Leonela González-Vides, José Luis Hernández-Verdejo, Pilar Cañadas-Suárez

This systematic review examines the use of eye-tracking devices in optometry, describing their main characteristics, areas of application and metrics used. Using the PRISMA method, a systematic search was performed of three databases. The search strategy identified 141 reports relevant to this topic, indicating the exponential growth over the past ten years of the use of eye trackers in optometry. Eye-tracking technology was applied in at least 12 areas of the field of optometry and rehabilitation, the main ones being optometric device technology, and the assessment, treatment, and analysis of ocular disorders. The main devices reported on were infrared light-based and had an image capture frequency of 60 Hz to 2000 Hz. The main metrics mentioned were fixations, saccadic movements, smooth pursuit, microsaccades, and pupil variables. Study quality was sometimes limited in that incomplete information was provided regarding the devices used, the study design, the methods used, participants' visual function and statistical treatment of data. While there is still a need for more research in this area, eye-tracking devices should be more actively incorporated as a useful tool with both clinical and research applications. This review highlights the robustness this technology offers to obtain objective information about a person's vision in terms of optometry and visual function, with implications for improving visual health services and our understanding of the vision process.

这篇系统的综述研究了眼动追踪设备在验光中的应用，描述了它们的主要特点、应用领域和使用的指标。采用PRISMA方法对三个数据库进行了系统检索。搜索策略确定了141份与该主题相关的报告，表明在过去十年中，眼动仪在验光中的使用呈指数级增长。眼动追踪技术至少应用于验光与康复领域的12个领域，主要是验光装置技术、眼部疾病的评估、治疗和分析。报告的主要设备是基于红外光的，图像捕获频率为60 Hz至2000 Hz。所提到的主要指标是注视、扫视运动、平滑追踪、微扫视和瞳孔变量。研究质量有时会受到限制，因为所提供的信息不完整，包括使用的设备、研究设计、使用的方法、参与者的视觉功能和数据的统计处理。虽然这一领域还需要更多的研究，但眼动追踪设备应该更积极地作为临床和研究应用的有用工具。这篇综述强调了这项技术在验光和视觉功能方面提供的关于一个人的视觉的客观信息的稳健性，这对改善视觉健康服务和我们对视觉过程的理解具有重要意义。

{"title":"Eye tracking in optometry: A systematic review","authors":"Leonela González-Vides, José Luis Hernández-Verdejo, Pilar Cañadas-Suárez","doi":"10.16910/jemr.16.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.16.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review examines the use of eye-tracking devices in optometry, describing their main characteristics, areas of application and metrics used. Using the PRISMA method, a systematic search was performed of three databases. The search strategy identified 141 reports relevant to this topic, indicating the exponential growth over the past ten years of the use of eye trackers in optometry. Eye-tracking technology was applied in at least 12 areas of the field of optometry and rehabilitation, the main ones being optometric device technology, and the assessment, treatment, and analysis of ocular disorders. The main devices reported on were infrared light-based and had an image capture frequency of 60 Hz to 2000 Hz. The main metrics mentioned were fixations, saccadic movements, smooth pursuit, microsaccades, and pupil variables. Study quality was sometimes limited in that incomplete information was provided regarding the devices used, the study design, the methods used, participants' visual function and statistical treatment of data. While there is still a need for more research in this area, eye-tracking devices should be more actively incorporated as a useful tool with both clinical and research applications. This review highlights the robustness this technology offers to obtain objective information about a person's vision in terms of optometry and visual function, with implications for improving visual health services and our understanding of the vision process.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depression detection using virtual avatar communication and eye tracking system 抑郁症检测采用虚拟化身通信和眼动追踪系统

4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.2.6

Ayumi Takemoto

Globally, depression is one of the most common mental health issues. Therefore, finding an effective way to detect mental health problems is an important subject for study in human-machine interactions. In order to examine the potential in using a virtual avatar communication and eye-tracking system to identify people as being with or without depression symptoms, this study has devised three research aims; 1) to understand the effect of different types of interviewers on eye gaze patterns, 2) to clarify the effect of neutral conversation topics on eye gaze, and 3) to compare eye gaze patterns between people with or without depression. Twenty-seven participants - fifteen in the control group and twelve in the depression symptoms group - were involved in this study and they were asked to talk to both a virtual avatar and human interviewers. Gaze patterns were recorded by an eye-tracking device during both types of interaction. The experiment results indicated significant differences in eye movements between the control group and depression symptoms group. Moreover, the identified differences were more pronounced when people with in depressed symptoms group were talking about neutral conversation topics rather than negative topics.

在全球范围内，抑郁症是最常见的心理健康问题之一。因此，寻找一种有效的检测心理健康问题的方法是人机交互研究的一个重要课题。为了检验使用虚拟化身交流和眼球追踪系统来识别人们是否有抑郁症状的潜力，这项研究设计了三个研究目标;1)了解不同类型的访谈者对眼睛注视模式的影响;2)阐明中性话题对眼睛注视模式的影响;3)比较有无抑郁症人群的眼睛注视模式。27名参与者——控制组15名，抑郁症状组12名——参与了这项研究，他们被要求与虚拟化身和真人采访者交谈。在两种类型的互动过程中，眼睛追踪设备记录了注视模式。实验结果表明，对照组和抑郁症状组的眼球运动存在显著差异。此外，当抑郁症状组的人谈论中性话题而不是消极话题时，识别出的差异更为明显。

{"title":"Depression detection using virtual avatar communication and eye tracking system","authors":"Ayumi Takemoto","doi":"10.16910/jemr.16.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.16.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, depression is one of the most common mental health issues. Therefore, finding an effective way to detect mental health problems is an important subject for study in human-machine interactions. In order to examine the potential in using a virtual avatar communication and eye-tracking system to identify people as being with or without depression symptoms, this study has devised three research aims; 1) to understand the effect of different types of interviewers on eye gaze patterns, 2) to clarify the effect of neutral conversation topics on eye gaze, and 3) to compare eye gaze patterns between people with or without depression. Twenty-seven participants - fifteen in the control group and twelve in the depression symptoms group - were involved in this study and they were asked to talk to both a virtual avatar and human interviewers. Gaze patterns were recorded by an eye-tracking device during both types of interaction. The experiment results indicated significant differences in eye movements between the control group and depression symptoms group. Moreover, the identified differences were more pronounced when people with in depressed symptoms group were talking about neutral conversation topics rather than negative topics.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136042603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flipping the world upside down: Using eye tracking in virtual reality to study visual search in inverted scenes. 颠倒世界：利用虚拟现实中的眼动追踪技术研究倒置场景中的视觉搜索。

IF 1.3 4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-03-31 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.3.5

Julia Beitner, Jason Helbing, Dejan Draschkow, Erwan J David, Melissa L-H Võ

Image inversion is a powerful tool for investigating cognitive mechanisms of visual perception. However, studies have mainly used inversion in paradigms presented on twodimensional computer screens. It remains open whether disruptive effects of inversion also hold true in more naturalistic scenarios. In our study, we used scene inversion in virtual reality in combination with eye tracking to investigate the mechanisms of repeated visual search through three-dimensional immersive indoor scenes. Scene inversion affected all gaze and head measures except fixation durations and saccade amplitudes. Our behavioral results, surprisingly, did not entirely follow as hypothesized: While search efficiency dropped significantly in inverted scenes, participants did not utilize more memory as measured by search time slopes. This indicates that despite the disruption, participants did not try to compensate the increased difficulty by using more memory. Our study highlights the importance of investigating classical experimental paradigms in more naturalistic scenarios to advance research on daily human behavior.

图像反转是研究视觉感知认知机制的有力工具。然而，研究主要是在二维计算机屏幕上呈现的范例中使用反转。反转的破坏性效果是否也适用于更自然的场景，这仍然是一个未知数。在我们的研究中，我们利用虚拟现实中的场景反转与眼动跟踪相结合的方法，研究了在三维沉浸式室内场景中重复视觉搜索的机制。除了固定持续时间和囊状移动幅度外，场景反转影响了所有凝视和头部测量。令人惊讶的是，我们的行为结果并不完全符合假设：虽然在倒置场景中搜索效率明显下降，但根据搜索时间斜率的测量，参与者并没有利用更多的记忆。这表明，尽管出现了干扰，但参与者并没有试图通过使用更多记忆来补偿增加的难度。我们的研究强调了在更自然的场景中研究经典实验范式对于推动人类日常行为研究的重要性。

{"title":"Flipping the world upside down: Using eye tracking in virtual reality to study visual search in inverted scenes.","authors":"Julia Beitner, Jason Helbing, Dejan Draschkow, Erwan J David, Melissa L-H Võ","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.3.5","DOIUrl":"10.16910/jemr.15.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Image inversion is a powerful tool for investigating cognitive mechanisms of visual perception. However, studies have mainly used inversion in paradigms presented on twodimensional computer screens. It remains open whether disruptive effects of inversion also hold true in more naturalistic scenarios. In our study, we used scene inversion in virtual reality in combination with eye tracking to investigate the mechanisms of repeated visual search through three-dimensional immersive indoor scenes. Scene inversion affected all gaze and head measures except fixation durations and saccade amplitudes. Our behavioral results, surprisingly, did not entirely follow as hypothesized: While search efficiency dropped significantly in inverted scenes, participants did not utilize more memory as measured by search time slopes. This indicates that despite the disruption, participants did not try to compensate the increased difficulty by using more memory. Our study highlights the importance of investigating classical experimental paradigms in more naturalistic scenarios to advance research on daily human behavior.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10195094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of task difficulty on gaze behaviour during landing with visual flight rules in low-time pilots. 任务难度对低时间飞行员视觉飞行规则着陆时凝视行为的影响

IF 2.1 4区心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Pub Date : 2023-03-20 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.16.1.3

Naila Ayala, Abdullah Zafar, Suzanne Kearns, Elizabeth Irving, Shi Cao, Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo

Eye movements have been used to examine the cognitive function of pilots and understand how information processing abilities impact performance. Traditional and advanced measures of gaze behaviour effectively reflect changes in cognitive load, situational awareness, and expert-novice differences. However, the extent to which gaze behaviour changes during the early stages of skill development has yet to be addressed. The current study investigated the impact of task difficulty on gaze behaviour in low-time pilots (N=18) while they completed simulated landing scenarios. An increase in task difficulty resulted in longer fixation of the runway, and a reduction in the stationary gaze entropy (gaze dispersion) and gaze transition entropy (sequence complexity). These findings suggest that pilots' gaze became less complex and more focused on fewer areas of interest when task difficulty increased. Additionally, a novel approach to identify and track instances when pilots restrict their attention outside the cockpit (i.e., gaze tunneling) was explored and shown to be sensitive to changes in task difficulty. Altogether, the gaze-related metrics used in the present study provide valuable information for assessing pilots gaze behaviour and help further understand how gaze contributes to better performance in low-time pilots.

眼球运动已被用来检查飞行员的认知功能，并了解信息处理能力如何影响表现。传统和先进的凝视行为测量方法有效地反映了认知负荷、情境意识和专家-新手差异的变化。然而，凝视行为在技能发展的早期阶段改变的程度尚未得到解决。目前的研究调查了任务难度对低时间飞行员(N=18)在完成模拟着陆场景时注视行为的影响。任务难度的增加导致跑道注视时间的延长，静止注视熵(注视分散)和注视转移熵(注视序列复杂性)的降低。这些发现表明，当任务难度增加时，飞行员的目光变得不那么复杂，更专注于更少的感兴趣的领域。此外，研究人员还探索了一种识别和跟踪飞行员将注意力限制在驾驶舱外(即凝视隧道)的新方法，并证明该方法对任务难度的变化很敏感。总之，本研究中使用的凝视相关指标为评估飞行员的凝视行为提供了有价值的信息，并有助于进一步了解凝视如何有助于低时间飞行员的更好表现。

{"title":"The effects of task difficulty on gaze behaviour during landing with visual flight rules in low-time pilots.","authors":"Naila Ayala, Abdullah Zafar, Suzanne Kearns, Elizabeth Irving, Shi Cao, Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo","doi":"10.16910/jemr.16.1.3","DOIUrl":"10.16910/jemr.16.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Eye movements have been used to examine the cognitive function of pilots and understand how information processing abilities impact performance. Traditional and advanced measures of gaze behaviour effectively reflect changes in cognitive load, situational awareness, and expert-novice differences. However, the extent to which gaze behaviour changes during the early stages of skill development has yet to be addressed. The current study investigated the impact of task difficulty on gaze behaviour in low-time pilots (N=18) while they completed simulated landing scenarios. An increase in task difficulty resulted in longer fixation of the runway, and a reduction in the stationary gaze entropy (gaze dispersion) and gaze transition entropy (sequence complexity). These findings suggest that pilots' gaze became less complex and more focused on fewer areas of interest when task difficulty increased. Additionally, a novel approach to identify and track instances when pilots restrict their attention outside the cockpit (i.e., gaze tunneling) was explored and shown to be sensitive to changes in task difficulty. Altogether, the gaze-related metrics used in the present study provide valuable information for assessing pilots gaze behaviour and help further understand how gaze contributes to better performance in low-time pilots.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43088895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Journal of Eye Movement Research

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀