首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Eye Movement Research最新文献

英文 中文
New device for taking nine-directional ocular photographs: “9Gaze” application 用于拍摄九向眼部照片的新设备:“9Gaze”应用程序
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-06 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.1.5
T. Goseki, Keiko Kunimi, Naoko Shioya, Yuka Iijima, Manami Sebe, Karin Hosoya, Kyo Fukaya
This study compared the time required to produce nine-directional ocular photographs using the conventional method to that using the newly devised 9Gaze application. In total, 20 healthy adults, 10 adult patients with strabismus, and 10 pediatric patients with amblyopia or strabismus had their ocular photographs taken using a digital camera with PowerPoint 2010, and with an iPad, and iPod touch with 9Gaze. Photographs of 10 healthy patients were taken by orthoptists with <1 year of experience, and the other participants had theirs taken by those with >1 year of experience. The required time was compared between the three devices in all patients and the two orthoptist groups in 20 healthy adults (>1 year and <1 year of experience). The required times were significantly different between the devices: 515.5 ± 187.0 sec with the digital camera, 117.4 ± 17.8 sec with the iPad, and 76.3 ± 14.1 sec with the iPod touch. The required time with the digital camera was significantly different between the two orthoptist groups (404.7 ± 150.8 vs. 626.3 ± 154.2 sec, P=0.007). The use of the 9Gaze application shortened the recording time required. Furthermore, 9Gaze can be used without considering the years of experience of the examiner.
这项研究比较了使用传统方法和使用新设计的9Gaze应用程序制作九方向眼部照片所需的时间。总共有20名健康成年人、10名斜视成年患者和10名弱视或斜视儿童患者使用带PowerPoint 2010的数码相机、iPad和带9Gaze的iPod touch拍摄了眼部照片。10名健康患者的照片由有1年经验的骨科医生拍摄。比较了所有患者的三种装置和20名健康成年人(经验>1年和<1年)的两组骨科医生所需的时间。不同设备所需的时间有显著差异:数码相机为515.5±187.0秒,iPad为117.4±17.8秒,iPod touch为76.3±14.1秒。两组骨科医生使用数码相机所需的时间有显著差异(404.7±150.8 vs.626.3±154.2秒,P=0.007)。使用9Gaze应用程序缩短了所需的记录时间。此外,9Gaze可以在不考虑审查员多年经验的情况下使用。
{"title":"New device for taking nine-directional ocular photographs: “9Gaze” application","authors":"T. Goseki, Keiko Kunimi, Naoko Shioya, Yuka Iijima, Manami Sebe, Karin Hosoya, Kyo Fukaya","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the time required to produce nine-directional ocular photographs using the conventional method to that using the newly devised 9Gaze application. In total, 20 healthy adults, 10 adult patients with strabismus, and 10 pediatric patients with amblyopia or strabismus had their ocular photographs taken using a digital camera with PowerPoint 2010, and with an iPad, and iPod touch with 9Gaze. Photographs of 10 healthy patients were taken by orthoptists with <1 year of experience, and the other participants had theirs taken by those with >1 year of experience. The required time was compared between the three devices in all patients and the two orthoptist groups in 20 healthy adults (>1 year and <1 year of experience). The required times were significantly different between the devices: 515.5 ± 187.0 sec with the digital camera, 117.4 ± 17.8 sec with the iPad, and 76.3 ± 14.1 sec with the iPod touch. The required time with the digital camera was significantly different between the two orthoptist groups (404.7 ± 150.8 vs. 626.3 ± 154.2 sec, P=0.007). The use of the 9Gaze application shortened the recording time required. Furthermore, 9Gaze can be used without considering the years of experience of the examiner.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45321602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Visual strategies of young soccer players during a passing test – A pilot study 年轻足球运动员通过测试时的视觉策略——一项试点研究
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.1.3
P. Vansteenkiste, M. Lenoir, I. Krejtz, Krzysztof Krejtz
In sports, studies on visual behavior have mostly focused on expert-novice differences during decision making tasks and during aiming tasks. How visual behavior changes during the early stages of skill acquisition however, has hardly been documented. The current study investigated gaze behavior of young soccer players during the execution of a soccer passing task. Gaze behavior of eleven 8- to 10-year-old soccer players was recorded while they performed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Based on their score, participants were then divided into a high performance group (N=5), and a low performance group (N=6). Results showed that the low performance group tended to look more at the ball while they were handling it. These findings suggest that gaze strategies develop alongside technical skills. More insights in the interplay between technical skills and gaze strategies during skill acquisition could lead to improved training methods for young soccer players.
在体育运动中,对视觉行为的研究主要集中在决策任务和瞄准任务中专家和新手的差异上。然而,在技能习得的早期阶段,视觉行为是如何变化的,几乎没有文献记载。目前的研究调查了年轻足球运动员在执行足球传球任务时的凝视行为。记录了11名8至10岁的足球运动员在进行拉夫堡足球传球测试时的凝视行为。根据他们的得分,参与者被分为高绩效组(N=5)和低绩效组(N=6)。研究结果表明,低表现组在处理球时往往会更多地看球。这些发现表明,凝视策略与技术技能一起发展。在技能获取过程中,更多地了解技术技能和凝视策略之间的相互作用,可以改善年轻足球运动员的训练方法。
{"title":"Visual strategies of young soccer players during a passing test – A pilot study","authors":"P. Vansteenkiste, M. Lenoir, I. Krejtz, Krzysztof Krejtz","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In sports, studies on visual behavior have mostly focused on expert-novice differences during decision making tasks and during aiming tasks. How visual behavior changes during the early stages of skill acquisition however, has hardly been documented. The current study investigated gaze behavior of young soccer players during the execution of a soccer passing task. Gaze behavior of eleven 8- to 10-year-old soccer players was recorded while they performed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Based on their score, participants were then divided into a high performance group (N=5), and a low performance group (N=6). Results showed that the low performance group tended to look more at the ball while they were handling it. These findings suggest that gaze strategies develop alongside technical skills. More insights in the interplay between technical skills and gaze strategies during skill acquisition could lead to improved training methods for young soccer players.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48274191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Eye tracking applied to tobacco smoking: current directions and future perspectives 眼动追踪在吸烟中的应用:当前方向和未来展望
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.1.2
Matteo Valsecchi, M. Codispoti
Over the years the general awareness of the health costs associated with tobacco smoking has motivated scientists to apply the measurement of eye movements to this form of addiction. On one hand they have investigated whether smokers attend and look preferentially at smoking related scenes and objects. In parallel, on the other hand eye tracking has been used to test how smokers and nonsmokers interact with the different types of health warning that policymakers have mandated in tobacco advertisements and packages. Here we provide an overview of the main findings from the different lines of research, such as the evidence related to the attentional bias for smoking cues in smokers and the evidence that graphic warning labels and plain packages measurably increase the salience of the warning labels. We point to some open questions, such as the conditions that determine whether heavy smokers exhibit a tendency to actively avoid looking at graphic warning labels. Finally we argue that the research applied to gaze exploration of warning labels would benefit from a more widespread use of the more naturalistic testing conditions (e.g. mobile eye tracking or virtual reality) that have been introduced to study the smokers’ attentional bias for tobacco-related objects when freely exploring the surrounding environment.
多年来,人们普遍意识到吸烟带来的健康成本,这促使科学家们将眼球运动的测量方法应用于这种形式的成瘾。一方面,他们调查了吸烟者是否会优先观看与吸烟有关的场景和物品。与此同时,另一方面,眼动追踪已被用于测试吸烟者和非吸烟者如何与政策制定者在烟草广告和包装上强制要求的不同类型的健康警告互动。在这里,我们概述了不同研究方向的主要发现,例如与吸烟者对吸烟提示的注意偏差有关的证据,以及图形警告标签和普通包装可显着增加警告标签的显著性的证据。我们指出了一些悬而未决的问题,比如决定重度吸烟者是否表现出积极避免看图形警告标签的倾向的条件。最后,我们认为,应用于警告标签凝视探索的研究将受益于更广泛地使用更自然的测试条件(例如移动眼动追踪或虚拟现实),这些条件已被引入研究吸烟者在自由探索周围环境时对烟草相关物体的注意偏差。
{"title":"Eye tracking applied to tobacco smoking: current directions and future perspectives","authors":"Matteo Valsecchi, M. Codispoti","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years the general awareness of the health costs associated with tobacco smoking has motivated scientists to apply the measurement of eye movements to this form of addiction. On one hand they have investigated whether smokers attend and look preferentially at smoking related scenes and objects. In parallel, on the other hand eye tracking has been used to test how smokers and nonsmokers interact with the different types of health warning that policymakers have mandated in tobacco advertisements and packages. Here we provide an overview of the main findings from the different lines of research, such as the evidence related to the attentional bias for smoking cues in smokers and the evidence that graphic warning labels and plain packages measurably increase the salience of the warning labels. We point to some open questions, such as the conditions that determine whether heavy smokers exhibit a tendency to actively avoid looking at graphic warning labels. Finally we argue that the research applied to gaze exploration of warning labels would benefit from a more widespread use of the more naturalistic testing conditions (e.g. mobile eye tracking or virtual reality) that have been introduced to study the smokers’ attentional bias for tobacco-related objects when freely exploring the surrounding environment.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Smooth-pursuit performance during Eye-typing from Memory indicates Mental Fatigue. 根据记忆键入眼睛时的平滑追踪表现表明精神疲劳。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.4.2
Tanya Bafna-Rührer, Per Bækgaard, John Paulin Hansen

Mental fatigue is known to occur as a result of activities related to e.g. transportation, health-care, military operations and numerous other cognitive demanding tasks. Gaze tracking has wide-ranging applications, with the technology becoming more compact and processing power reducing. Though numerous techniques have been applied to measure mental fatigue using gaze tracking, smooth-pursuit movement, a natural eye movement generated when following a moving object with gaze, has not been explored with relation to mental fatigue. In this paper, we report the results from a smooth-pursuit movement based eye-typing experiment with varying task difficulty to generate cognitive load, performed in the morning and afternoon by 36 participants. We have investigated the effects of time-on-task and time of day on mental fatigue using self-reported questionnaires and smooth-pursuit performance, extracted from the gaze data. The self-reported mental fatigue increased due to time-on-task, but the time of day did not have an effect. The results illustrate that smooth-pursuit movement performance declined with time-on-task, with increased error in the gaze position and an inability to match the speed of the moving object. The findings exhibit the feasibility of mental fatigue detection using smoothpursuit movements during an eye-interactive task of eye-typing.

众所周知,由于与运输、保健、军事行动和许多其他认知要求高的任务有关的活动,会出现精神疲劳。随着技术的日益紧凑和处理能力的降低,注视跟踪具有广泛的应用。虽然已经有许多技术被应用于通过凝视跟踪来测量精神疲劳,但平滑追求运动(一种用目光跟踪移动物体时产生的自然眼球运动)与精神疲劳的关系尚未被探索。在本文中,我们报告了36名参与者在上午和下午进行的一项基于平滑追求运动的眼睛打字实验的结果,该实验具有不同的任务难度来产生认知负荷。我们利用从凝视数据中提取的自我报告问卷和平滑追求表现,研究了任务时间和一天中的时间对精神疲劳的影响。自我报告的精神疲劳增加是由于按时完成任务,但一天中的时间没有影响。结果表明,随着任务时间的延长,平滑追踪运动的性能下降,注视位置的误差增加,无法匹配移动物体的速度。研究结果表明,在眼睛打字的眼睛互动任务中,使用平滑追踪运动来检测精神疲劳是可行的。
{"title":"Smooth-pursuit performance during Eye-typing from Memory indicates Mental Fatigue.","authors":"Tanya Bafna-Rührer,&nbsp;Per Bækgaard,&nbsp;John Paulin Hansen","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental fatigue is known to occur as a result of activities related to e.g. transportation, health-care, military operations and numerous other cognitive demanding tasks. Gaze tracking has wide-ranging applications, with the technology becoming more compact and processing power reducing. Though numerous techniques have been applied to measure mental fatigue using gaze tracking, smooth-pursuit movement, a natural eye movement generated when following a moving object with gaze, has not been explored with relation to mental fatigue. In this paper, we report the results from a smooth-pursuit movement based eye-typing experiment with varying task difficulty to generate cognitive load, performed in the morning and afternoon by 36 participants. We have investigated the effects of time-on-task and time of day on mental fatigue using self-reported questionnaires and smooth-pursuit performance, extracted from the gaze data. The self-reported mental fatigue increased due to time-on-task, but the time of day did not have an effect. The results illustrate that smooth-pursuit movement performance declined with time-on-task, with increased error in the gaze position and an inability to match the speed of the moving object. The findings exhibit the feasibility of mental fatigue detection using smoothpursuit movements during an eye-interactive task of eye-typing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9527042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Investigating visual expertise in sculpture: A methodological approach using eye tracking. 调查雕塑中的视觉专业知识:使用眼动追踪的方法论方法。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.2.5
Isabell Stein, Helen Jossberger, Hans Gruber

Research on visual expertise has progressed significantly due to the availability of eye tracking tools. However, attempts to bring together research on expertise and eye tracking methodology provoke several challenges, because visual information processes should be studied in authentic and domain-specific environments. Among the barriers to designing appropriate research are the proper definition of levels of expertise, the tension between internal (experimental control) and external (authentic environments) validity, and the appropriate methodology to study eye movements in a three-dimensional environment. This exploratory study aims to address these challenges and to provide an adequate research setting by investigating visual expertise in sculpting. Eye movements and gaze patterns of 20 participants were investigated while looking at two sculptures in a museum. The participants were assigned to four different groups based on their level of expertise (laypersons, novices, semi-experts, experts). Using mobile eye tracking, the following parameters were measured: number of fixations, duration of fixation, dwell time in relevant areas, and revisits in relevant areas. Moreover, scan paths were analysed using the eyenalysis approach. Conclusions are drawn on both the nature of visual expertise in sculpting and the potential (and limitations) of empirical designs that aim to investigate expertise in authentic environments.

由于眼动追踪工具的可用性,视觉专业知识的研究取得了重大进展。然而,将专业知识和眼动追踪方法的研究结合起来的尝试引发了一些挑战,因为视觉信息过程应该在真实和特定领域的环境中进行研究。设计适当研究的障碍包括专业水平的适当定义,内部(实验控制)和外部(真实环境)有效性之间的紧张关系,以及在三维环境中研究眼球运动的适当方法。本探索性研究旨在解决这些挑战,并通过调查雕塑视觉专业知识提供适当的研究环境。研究人员调查了20名参与者在博物馆观看两个雕塑时的眼球运动和凝视模式。参与者根据他们的专业水平被分为四个不同的组(外行、新手、半专家、专家)。使用移动眼动追踪,测量以下参数:注视次数、注视持续时间、在相关区域停留时间和在相关区域的重访次数。此外,使用眼分析方法分析了扫描路径。结论是关于雕刻视觉专业知识的本质和旨在调查真实环境中的专业知识的经验设计的潜力(和局限性)。
{"title":"Investigating visual expertise in sculpture: A methodological approach using eye tracking.","authors":"Isabell Stein,&nbsp;Helen Jossberger,&nbsp;Hans Gruber","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on visual expertise has progressed significantly due to the availability of eye tracking tools. However, attempts to bring together research on expertise and eye tracking methodology provoke several challenges, because visual information processes should be studied in authentic and domain-specific environments. Among the barriers to designing appropriate research are the proper definition of levels of expertise, the tension between internal (experimental control) and external (authentic environments) validity, and the appropriate methodology to study eye movements in a three-dimensional environment. This exploratory study aims to address these challenges and to provide an adequate research setting by investigating visual expertise in sculpting. Eye movements and gaze patterns of 20 participants were investigated while looking at two sculptures in a museum. The participants were assigned to four different groups based on their level of expertise (laypersons, novices, semi-experts, experts). Using mobile eye tracking, the following parameters were measured: number of fixations, duration of fixation, dwell time in relevant areas, and revisits in relevant areas. Moreover, scan paths were analysed using the eyenalysis approach. Conclusions are drawn on both the nature of visual expertise in sculpting and the potential (and limitations) of empirical designs that aim to investigate expertise in authentic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9754618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Programme of the 21st European Conference on Eye Movements. 第21届欧洲眼动会议计划。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.5.1
Victoria McGowan, Ascensión Pagán, Kevin B Paterson, David Souto, Rudolf Groner

About ECEM ECEM was initiated by Rudolf Groner (Bern), Dieter Heller (Bayreuth at the time) and Henk Breimer (Tilburg) in the 198 to provide a forum for an interdisciplinary group of scientists interested in eye movements. Since the inaugural meeting in Bern, the conference has been held every two years in different venues across Europe until 2021, when it was planned to take place in Leicester but was cancelled due to the COVID pandemic. It was decided to hold the meeting in Leicester in August 2022 instead, and as an in person meeting rather than an online or hybrid event. Incidentally, the present meeting is the third time the conference has come to the English East Midlands, now in Leicester following previous meetings in the neighbouring cities of Derby and Nottingham. The sites of previous ECEMs and webpages can be found here..

ECEM是由Rudolf Groner(伯尔尼),Dieter Heller(当时的拜罗伊特)和Henk Breimer(蒂尔堡)在20世纪80年代发起的,为对眼球运动感兴趣的跨学科科学家团体提供了一个论坛。自伯尔尼首次会议以来,该会议每两年在欧洲各地的不同地点举行一次,直到2021年计划在莱斯特举行,但因新冠疫情而取消。会议决定于2022年8月在莱斯特举行,而且是面对面的会议,而不是在线会议或混合会议。顺便提一下,本次会议是该会议第三次来到英格兰东米德兰兹,现在在莱斯特,之前在邻近城市德比和诺丁汉举行过会议。以前的环境管理会议的网址和网页可在此找到。
{"title":"Programme of the 21st European Conference on Eye Movements.","authors":"Victoria McGowan,&nbsp;Ascensión Pagán,&nbsp;Kevin B Paterson,&nbsp;David Souto,&nbsp;Rudolf Groner","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About ECEM ECEM was initiated by Rudolf Groner (Bern), Dieter Heller (Bayreuth at the time) and Henk Breimer (Tilburg) in the 198 to provide a forum for an interdisciplinary group of scientists interested in eye movements. Since the inaugural meeting in Bern, the conference has been held every two years in different venues across Europe until 2021, when it was planned to take place in Leicester but was cancelled due to the COVID pandemic. It was decided to hold the meeting in Leicester in August 2022 instead, and as an in person meeting rather than an online or hybrid event. Incidentally, the present meeting is the third time the conference has come to the English East Midlands, now in Leicester following previous meetings in the neighbouring cities of Derby and Nottingham. The sites of previous ECEMs and webpages can be found here..</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10344597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden Semi-Markov Models to Segment Reading Phases from Eye Movements. 从眼动中分割阅读阶段的隐半马尔可夫模型。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.4.5
Brice Olivier, Anne Guérin-Dugué, Jean-Baptiste Durand

Our objective is to analyze scanpaths acquired through participants achieving a reading task aiming at answering a binary question: Is the text related or not to some given target topic? We propose a data-driven method based on hidden semi-Markov chains to segment scanpaths into phases deduced from the model states, which are shown to represent different cognitive strategies: normal reading, fast reading, information search, and slow confirmation. These phases were confirmed using different external covariates, among which semantic information extracted from texts. Analyses highlighted some strong preference of specific participants for specific strategies and more globally, large individual variability in eye-movement characteristics, as accounted for by random effects. As a perspective, the possibility of improving reading models by accounting for possible heterogeneity sources during reading is discussed.

我们的目标是分析通过参与者完成阅读任务获得的扫描路径,该任务旨在回答一个二元问题:文本是否与某个给定的目标主题相关?我们提出了一种基于隐藏半马尔可夫链的数据驱动方法,将扫描路径分割为从模型状态推导出的阶段,这些阶段显示了不同的认知策略:正常阅读、快速阅读、信息搜索和慢速确认。使用不同的外部协变量来确定这些阶段,其中从文本中提取的语义信息。分析强调了特定参与者对特定策略的一些强烈偏好,更广泛地说,眼动特征的个体差异很大,这是随机效应造成的。作为一个视角,本文讨论了通过考虑阅读过程中可能的异质性来源来改进阅读模型的可能性。
{"title":"Hidden Semi-Markov Models to Segment Reading Phases from Eye Movements.","authors":"Brice Olivier,&nbsp;Anne Guérin-Dugué,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Durand","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective is to analyze scanpaths acquired through participants achieving a reading task aiming at answering a binary question: Is the text related or not to some given target topic? We propose a data-driven method based on hidden semi-Markov chains to segment scanpaths into phases deduced from the model states, which are shown to represent different cognitive strategies: normal reading, fast reading, information search, and slow confirmation. These phases were confirmed using different external covariates, among which semantic information extracted from texts. Analyses highlighted some strong preference of specific participants for specific strategies and more globally, large individual variability in eye-movement characteristics, as accounted for by random effects. As a perspective, the possibility of improving reading models by accounting for possible heterogeneity sources during reading is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10292930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10664464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maintaining fixation by children in a virtual reality version of pupil perimetry. 在瞳孔测量的虚拟现实版本中保持儿童的注视。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.3.2
Brendan L Portengen, Marnix Naber, Demi Jansen, Carlijn van den Boomen, Saskia M Imhof, Giorgio L Porro

The assessment of the visual field in young children continues to be a challenge. Children often do not sit still, fail to fixate stimuli for longer durations, and have limited verbal capacity to report visibility. Therefore, we introduced a head-mounted VR display with gazecontingent flicker pupil perimetry (VRgcFPP). We presented large flickering patches at different eccentricities and angles in the periphery to evoke pupillary oscillations, and three fixation stimulus conditions to determine best practices for optimal fixation and pupil response quality. A total of twenty children (3-11y) passively fixated a dot, counted the repeated appearance of an animated character (counting task), and watched an animated movie in separate trials of 80s each (20 patch locations, 4s per location). The results showed that gaze precision and accuracy did not differ significantly across the fixation conditions but pupil amplitudes were strongest for the dot and count task. The VR set-up appears to be an ideal apparatus for children to allow free range of movement, an engaging visual task, and reliable eye measurements. We recommend the use of the fixation counting task for pupil perimetry because children enjoyed it the most and it achieved strongest pupil responses.

对幼儿视野的评估仍然是一个挑战。孩子们经常不能安静地坐着,不能长时间地注视刺激,并且有有限的语言能力来报告能见度。因此,我们介绍了一种头戴式VR显示器,具有凝视闪烁瞳孔视野(VRgcFPP)。我们在外围放置了不同偏心率和角度的大闪烁斑块,以引起瞳孔振荡,并设置了三种注视刺激条件,以确定最佳注视和瞳孔反应质量的最佳实践。共有20名儿童(3-11岁)被动地盯着一个点,计算动画角色的重复出现(计数任务),并在单独的试验中观看动画电影,每个试验80个(20个补丁位置,每个位置45个)。结果表明,注视精度和准确度在注视条件下没有显著差异,但瞳孔振幅在点和数任务中最强。对于孩子们来说,VR设备似乎是一种理想的设备,可以让他们自由活动,完成引人入胜的视觉任务,并进行可靠的眼睛测量。我们推荐使用注视计数任务进行瞳孔检查,因为儿童最喜欢它,并且它可以获得最强的瞳孔反应。
{"title":"Maintaining fixation by children in a virtual reality version of pupil perimetry.","authors":"Brendan L Portengen,&nbsp;Marnix Naber,&nbsp;Demi Jansen,&nbsp;Carlijn van den Boomen,&nbsp;Saskia M Imhof,&nbsp;Giorgio L Porro","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of the visual field in young children continues to be a challenge. Children often do not sit still, fail to fixate stimuli for longer durations, and have limited verbal capacity to report visibility. Therefore, we introduced a head-mounted VR display with gazecontingent flicker pupil perimetry (VRgcFPP). We presented large flickering patches at different eccentricities and angles in the periphery to evoke pupillary oscillations, and three fixation stimulus conditions to determine best practices for optimal fixation and pupil response quality. A total of twenty children (3-11y) passively fixated a dot, counted the repeated appearance of an animated character (counting task), and watched an animated movie in separate trials of 80s each (20 patch locations, 4s per location). The results showed that gaze precision and accuracy did not differ significantly across the fixation conditions but pupil amplitudes were strongest for the dot and count task. The VR set-up appears to be an ideal apparatus for children to allow free range of movement, an engaging visual task, and reliable eye measurements. We recommend the use of the fixation counting task for pupil perimetry because children enjoyed it the most and it achieved strongest pupil responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10115433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Characterising Eye Movement Events with an Unsupervised Hidden Markov Model. 用无监督隐马尔可夫模型表征眼动事件。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.1.4
Malte Lüken, Šimon Kucharský, Ingmar Visser

Eye-tracking allows researchers to infer cognitive processes from eye movements that are classified into distinct events. Parsing the events is typically done by algorithms. Here we aim at developing an unsupervised, generative model that can be fitted to eye-movement data using maximum likelihood estimation. This approach allows hypothesis testing about fitted models, next to being a method for classification. We developed gazeHMM, an algorithm that uses a hidden Markov model as a generative model, has few critical parameters to be set by users, and does not require human coded data as input. The algorithm classifies gaze data into fixations, saccades, and optionally postsaccadic oscillations and smooth pursuits. We evaluated gazeHMM's performance in a simulation study, showing that it successfully recovered hidden Markov model parameters and hidden states. Parameters were less well recovered when we included a smooth pursuit state and/or added even small noise to simulated data. We applied generative models with different numbers of events to benchmark data. Comparing them indicated that hidden Markov models with more events than expected had most likely generated the data. We also applied the full algorithm to benchmark data and assessed its similarity to human coding and other algorithms. For static stimuli, gazeHMM showed high similarity and outperformed other algorithms in this regard. For dynamic stimuli, gazeHMM tended to rapidly switch between fixations and smooth pursuits but still displayed higher similarity than most other algorithms. Concluding that gazeHMM can be used in practice, we recommend parsing smooth pursuits only for exploratory purposes. Future hidden Markov model algorithms could use covariates to better capture eye movement processes and explicitly model event durations to classify smooth pursuits more accurately.

眼球追踪使研究人员能够从被分类为不同事件的眼球运动中推断出认知过程。解析事件通常由算法完成。在这里,我们的目标是开发一个无监督的生成模型,该模型可以使用最大似然估计来拟合眼动数据。这种方法允许对拟合模型进行假设检验,其次是分类方法。我们开发了gazeHMM,这是一种使用隐马尔可夫模型作为生成模型的算法,用户需要设置的关键参数很少,并且不需要人工编码数据作为输入。该算法将凝视数据分为注视、扫视和选择性的后扫视振荡和平滑追踪。在仿真研究中,我们对gazeHMM的性能进行了评估,结果表明它成功地恢复了隐马尔可夫模型参数和隐状态。当我们在模拟数据中加入平滑追踪状态和/或添加甚至很小的噪声时,参数恢复得不太好。我们将不同事件数量的生成模型应用于基准数据。比较它们表明,具有比预期更多事件的隐马尔可夫模型最有可能生成数据。我们还将完整的算法应用于基准数据,并评估其与人类编码和其他算法的相似性。对于静态刺激,gazeHMM具有较高的相似性,在这方面优于其他算法。对于动态刺激,gazeHMM倾向于在注视和平滑追求之间快速切换,但仍然表现出比大多数其他算法更高的相似性。总结gazeHMM可以在实践中使用,我们建议解析平滑追求仅用于探索性目的。未来的隐马尔可夫模型算法可以使用协变量来更好地捕捉眼球运动过程,并明确地建模事件持续时间,以更准确地分类平滑追求。
{"title":"Characterising Eye Movement Events with an Unsupervised Hidden Markov Model.","authors":"Malte Lüken,&nbsp;Šimon Kucharský,&nbsp;Ingmar Visser","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eye-tracking allows researchers to infer cognitive processes from eye movements that are classified into distinct events. Parsing the events is typically done by algorithms. Here we aim at developing an unsupervised, generative model that can be fitted to eye-movement data using maximum likelihood estimation. This approach allows hypothesis testing about fitted models, next to being a method for classification. We developed gazeHMM, an algorithm that uses a hidden Markov model as a generative model, has few critical parameters to be set by users, and does not require human coded data as input. The algorithm classifies gaze data into fixations, saccades, and optionally postsaccadic oscillations and smooth pursuits. We evaluated gazeHMM's performance in a simulation study, showing that it successfully recovered hidden Markov model parameters and hidden states. Parameters were less well recovered when we included a smooth pursuit state and/or added even small noise to simulated data. We applied generative models with different numbers of events to benchmark data. Comparing them indicated that hidden Markov models with more events than expected had most likely generated the data. We also applied the full algorithm to benchmark data and assessed its similarity to human coding and other algorithms. For static stimuli, gazeHMM showed high similarity and outperformed other algorithms in this regard. For dynamic stimuli, gazeHMM tended to rapidly switch between fixations and smooth pursuits but still displayed higher similarity than most other algorithms. Concluding that gazeHMM can be used in practice, we recommend parsing smooth pursuits only for exploratory purposes. Future hidden Markov model algorithms could use covariates to better capture eye movement processes and explicitly model event durations to classify smooth pursuits more accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9626403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of eye movements on academic performance: A bibliometric and citation network analysis. 眼动对学习成绩的影响:文献计量学和引文网络分析。
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.4.4
Adrián Salgado-Fernández, Ana Vázquez-Amor, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrin, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cesar Villa-Collar, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena

Background: For many years it has been studied how eye movements influence reading and learning ability. The objective of this study is to determine the relationships between the different publications and authors. As well as to identify the different areas of research ocular movement.; Methods: Web of Science was the database for the search of publications for the period 1900 to May 2021, using the terms: "Eye movement" AND "Academic achiev*". The analysis of the publication was performed using the CitNetExplorer, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.; Results: 4391 publications and 11033 citation networks were found. The year with the most publications is 2018, a total of 318 publications and 10 citation networks. The most cited publication was "Saccade target selection and object recognition: evidence for a common attentional mechanism." published by Deubel et al. in 1999, with a citation index of 214. Using the Clustering function, nine groups were found that cover the main research areas in this field: neurological, age, perceptual attention, visual disturbances, sports, driving, sleep, vision therapy and academic performance.; Conclusion: Even being a multidisciplinary field of study, the topic with the most publications to date is the visual search procedure at the neurological level.

背景:多年来,人们一直在研究眼动如何影响阅读和学习能力。本研究的目的是确定不同出版物和作者之间的关系。以及识别不同研究领域的眼球运动。方法:使用Web of Science数据库检索1900年至2021年5月期间的出版物,检索词为:“Eye movement”和“Academic achievement *”。使用CitNetExplorer、VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件对文章进行分析。结果:共发现论文4391篇,引文网络11033个。发表论文最多的年份是2018年,共有318篇论文和10个引文网络。被引次数最多的论文是Deubel et al.于1999年发表的《眼跳目标选择和对象识别:共同注意机制的证据》,被引索引为214。利用聚类函数,发现9个组涵盖了该领域的主要研究领域:神经学、年龄、知觉注意、视觉障碍、运动、驾驶、睡眠、视觉治疗和学习成绩;结论:即使是一个多学科的研究领域,迄今为止发表最多的主题是神经学水平的视觉搜索程序。
{"title":"Influence of eye movements on academic performance: A bibliometric and citation network analysis.","authors":"Adrián Salgado-Fernández,&nbsp;Ana Vázquez-Amor,&nbsp;Cristina Alvarez-Peregrin,&nbsp;Clara Martinez-Perez,&nbsp;Cesar Villa-Collar,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For many years it has been studied how eye movements influence reading and learning ability. The objective of this study is to determine the relationships between the different publications and authors. As well as to identify the different areas of research ocular movement.; Methods: Web of Science was the database for the search of publications for the period 1900 to May 2021, using the terms: \"Eye movement\" AND \"Academic achiev*\". The analysis of the publication was performed using the CitNetExplorer, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.; Results: 4391 publications and 11033 citation networks were found. The year with the most publications is 2018, a total of 318 publications and 10 citation networks. The most cited publication was \"Saccade target selection and object recognition: evidence for a common attentional mechanism.\" published by Deubel et al. in 1999, with a citation index of 214. Using the Clustering function, nine groups were found that cover the main research areas in this field: neurological, age, perceptual attention, visual disturbances, sports, driving, sleep, vision therapy and academic performance.; Conclusion: Even being a multidisciplinary field of study, the topic with the most publications to date is the visual search procedure at the neurological level.</p>","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Eye Movement Research
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1