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Cellulolytic enzymes in Microbulbifer sp. Strain GL-2, a marine fish intestinal bacterium, with emphasis on endo-1,4-β-glucanases Cel5A and Cel8. 海洋鱼类肠道细菌 Microbulbifer sp.菌株 GL-2 中的纤维素分解酶,重点是内-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶 Cel5A 和 Cel8。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.03.001
Ken-Ichiro Ohnishi, Seiya Watanabe, Aya Kadoya, Satoru Suzuki

Cellulose is an abundant biomass on the planet. Various cellulases from environmental microbes have been explored for industrial use of cellulose. Marine fish intestine is of interest as one source of new enzymes. Here, we report the discovery of genes encoding two β-glucosidases (Bgl3A and Bgl3B) and four endo-1,4-β-glucanases (Cel5A, Cel8, Cel5B, and Cel9) as part of the genome sequence of a cellulolytic marine bacterium, Microbulbifer sp. Strain GL-2. Five of these six enzymes (excepting Cel5B) are presumed to localize to the periplasm or outer membrane. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that all six genes were highly expressed in stationary phase. The transcription was induced by cello-oligosaccharides rather than by glucose, suggesting that the cellulases are produced primarily for nutrient acquisition following initial growth, facilitating the secondary growth phase. We cloned the genes encoding two of the endo-1,4-β-glucanases, Cel5A and Cel8, and purified the corresponding recombinant enzymes following expression in Escherichia coli. The activity of Cel5A was observed across a wide range of temperatures (10-40 ˚C) and pHs (6-8). This pattern differed from those of Cel8 and the commercial cellulase Enthiron, both of which exhibit decreased activities below 30 ˚C and at alkaline pHs. These characteristics suggest that Cel5A might find use in industrial applications. Overall, our results reinforce the hypothesis that marine bacteria remain a possible source of novel cellulolytic activities.

纤维素是地球上一种丰富的生物质。人们一直在探索将环境微生物中的各种纤维素酶用于纤维素的工业用途。海洋鱼类肠道是新酶的一个有趣来源。在这里,我们报告发现了编码两种β-葡糖苷酶(Bgl3A 和 Bgl3B)和四种内切-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(Cel5A、Cel8、Cel5B 和 Cel9)的基因,这些基因是纤维素分解海洋细菌 Microbulbifer sp.据推测,这六种酶中的五种(Cel5B除外)定位于外质或外膜。转录分析表明,所有这六个基因在静止期都高度表达。纤维素酶的转录是由纤维寡糖而不是葡萄糖诱导的,这表明纤维素酶的产生主要是为了在初始生长后获取营养,从而促进次生生长阶段。我们克隆了两种内-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(Cel5A 和 Cel8)的编码基因,并在大肠杆菌中表达纯化了相应的重组酶。在很宽的温度范围(10-40 ˚C)和 pH 值范围(6-8)内都能观察到 Cel5A 的活性。这种模式与 Cel8 和商业纤维素酶 Enthiron 的模式不同,这两种酶在 30 ˚C 以下和碱性 pH 下的活性都会降低。这些特征表明,Cel5A 可用于工业应用。总之,我们的研究结果加强了这样一种假设,即海洋细菌仍然是新型纤维素分解活性的可能来源。
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引用次数: 0
Lactic acid fermentation of kamaboko, a heated Alaska pollock surimi, enhances angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity via fish protein hydrolysis. 加热阿拉斯加狭鳕鱼糜的乳酸发酵可通过鱼蛋白水解提高血管紧张素 I 转化酶抑制活性。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.01.003
Kazuya Kobayashi, Natsuka Takada, Yuki Matsubara, Hiroaki Okuhara, Masaki Oosaka

To enhance the value of surimi, efforts have been made to develop a fermentation method with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to proteolyze fish protein. However, fermenting unheated surimi poses a spoilage risk due to its high bacterial content. Surimi heat treatment can prevent spoilage, but gel formation induced by heating introduces another technical issue: it hinders uniform fermentation. Thus, this study aims to observe the proteolysis and enhance the functionality of seafood product through lactic acid fermentation of kamaboko, a heated surimi. Upon analyzing the kamaboko fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus JCM1004, we observed that LAB produced protease, resulting in the degradation of myosin heavy chain and actin during fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation significantly augmented the peptide content of kamaboko, subsequently elevating the angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in 200-fold diluted extract of fermented kamaboko to approximately 70% and higher. Notably, our investigation revealed that proteolysis was confined to the surface of kamaboko, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE analysis. This observation implies that the surface area of kamaboko influences the ACE inhibitory activity. Through a comparative analysis of various bacterial strains, we demonstrated that the increase in ACE inhibitory activity is contingent on the protease generated by LAB. These results suggest that LAB-mediated proteolysis of fish proteins liberates bioactive peptides, thereby manifesting in the ACE inhibitory activity. In summary, this study underscores that the fermentation of kamaboko employing proteolytic LAB holds promise in the development of novel functional seafood products.

为了提高鱼糜的价值,人们一直在努力开发一种用乳酸菌(LAB)发酵鱼蛋白的方法。然而,由于鱼糜含有大量细菌,未经加热的鱼糜发酵会带来腐败风险。鱼糜加热处理可防止鱼糜变质,但加热引起的凝胶形成会带来另一个技术问题:妨碍均匀发酵。因此,本研究旨在通过对加热鱼糜(kamaboko)进行乳酸发酵,观察蛋白质分解情况并提高海鲜产品的功能。通过分析用螺旋乳杆菌 JCM1004 发酵的鱼糕,我们观察到螺旋乳杆菌产生蛋白酶,导致肌球蛋白重链和肌动蛋白在发酵过程中降解。乳酸发酵显著提高了甘蓝菜中的肽含量,从而使发酵甘蓝菜 200 倍稀释提取物中的血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)抑制活性提高到约 70% 或更高。值得注意的是,我们的研究发现,蛋白水解仅限于蒲鉾的表面,这一点可以通过 SDS-PAGE 分析得到证明。这一观察结果表明,卡马波子的表面积会影响 ACE 抑制活性。通过对各种细菌菌株的比较分析,我们证明 ACE 抑制活性的提高取决于 LAB 产生的蛋白酶。这些结果表明,由 LAB 介导的鱼类蛋白质蛋白水解可释放出生物活性肽,从而体现出 ACE 抑制活性。总之,这项研究强调,利用具有蛋白水解作用的 LAB 对蒲鉾进行发酵,有望开发出新型功能性海产品。
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引用次数: 0
Addition of α-1,3-glucan-binding domains to α-1,3-glucanase Agn1p from  Schizosaccharomyces pombe enhances hydrolytic activity of insoluble α-1,3-glucan. 将α-1,3-葡聚糖结合结构域添加到鼠李糖酵母的α-1,3-葡聚糖酶Agn1p中可提高不溶性α-1,3-葡聚糖的水解活性。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Epub Date: 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.02.001
Yui Horaguchi, Moe Yokomichi, Masaki Takahashi, Fusheng Xu, Hiroyuki Konno, Koki Makabe, Shigekazu Yano

The glycoside hydrolase (GH) 71 α-1,3-glucanase (Agn1p) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe consists of an N-terminal signal sequence and a catalytic domain. Meanwhile, the GH87 α-1,3-glucanase (Agl-KA) from Bacillus circulans KA-304 consists of an N-terminal signal sequence, a first discoidin domain (DS1), a carbohydrate-binding module family 6 (CBM6), a threonine and proline repeat linker (TP), a second discoidin domain (DS2), an uncharacterized domain, and a catalytic domain. DS1, CBM6, and DS2 exhibit α-1,3-glucan binding activity. This study involved genetically fusing TP, DS1, CBM6, TP, and DS2 to the C-terminus of Agn1p, generating the fusion enzyme Agn1p-DCD. The fusion enzyme was then expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from the cell-free extract. Agn1p-DCD and Agn1p exhibited similar characteristics, such as optimal pH, optimal temperature, pH stability, and thermostability. Insoluble α-1,3-glucan (1%) hydrolyzing assay showed that Agn1p-DCD and Agn1p released approximately 7.6 and 5.0 mM of reducing sugars, respectively, after 48 h of reaction. Kinetic analysis and an α-1,3-glucan binding assay indicated that the addition of DS1, CBM6, and DS2 enhanced the affinity of Agn1p for α-1,3-glucan. Moreover, Agn1p-DCD contributed to enhancing the fungal growth inhibition activity when combined with a mixture of GH19 chitinase and GH16 β-1,3-glucanase.

来自Schizosaccharomyces pombe的糖苷水解酶(GH)71 α-1,3-葡聚糖酶(Agn1p)由一个N端信号序列和一个催化结构域组成。与此同时,来自环状芽孢杆菌 KA-304 的 GH87 α-1,3-葡聚糖酶(Agl-KA)由 N 端信号序列、第一个盘状蛋白结构域(DS1)、碳水化合物结合模块家族 6(CBM6)、苏氨酸和脯氨酸重复连接体(TP)、第二个盘状蛋白结构域(DS2)、一个未定性结构域和一个催化结构域组成。DS1、CBM6 和 DS2 具有α-1,3-葡聚糖结合活性。这项研究将 TP、DS1、CBM6、TP 和 DS2 与 Agn1p 的 C 端进行基因融合,产生融合酶 Agn1p-DCD。融合酶随后在大肠杆菌中表达,并从无细胞提取物中纯化。Agn1p-DCD 和 Agn1p 具有相似的特性,如最适 pH 值、最适温度、pH 值稳定性和热稳定性。不溶性α-1,3-葡聚糖(1%)水解试验表明,Agn1p-DCD 和 Agn1p 在反应 48 小时后分别释放出约 7.6 和 5.0 mM 的还原糖。动力学分析和α-1,3-葡聚糖结合试验表明,添加 DS1、CBM6 和 DS2 可增强 Agn1p 对α-1,3-葡聚糖的亲和力。此外,当 Agn1p-DCD 与 GH19 几丁质酶和 GH16 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的混合物结合使用时,Agn1p-DCD 有助于提高真菌生长抑制活性。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation of hitherto-uncultivated microorganisms- Application of radical scavengers. 分离尚未培养的微生物--自由基清除剂的应用。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.02.002
Yōko Takahashi

The culture filtrates of the predominant bacterial strains isolated from soil samples have been shown to increase the microbial colony counts on agar plates used for the isolation of uncultured bacteria. One of the factors in the culture filtrates responsible for this increase was identified to be superoxide dismutase (SOD). The generation of reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2, and ・OH) was detected from conventional laboratory agar media. The use of agar media supplemented with radical scavengers (SOD, catalase, ascorbic acid, or rutin) effectively increased the colony counts and kinds of microbial strains that grew from soil samples. Taxonomical studies on these isolates revealed new taxa for phylum Actinomycetota; one family, three genera, and nine species were newly described. One of the strains, Patulibacter minatonensis KV-614T belonging to the new family Patulibacteraceae, was isolated on agar medium supplemented with SOD. P. minatonensis KV-614T represents a novel lineage within the phylum Actinomycetota. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study using specific primers for the detection of strains related to the genus Patulibacter, order Solirubrobacterales, showed a high distribution frequency, with detection in over 70% of the soil samples tested. These data suggest that the use of radical scavengers may facilitate the isolation of some hitherto-uncultivated microorganisms widely distributed in soil.

从土壤样本中分离出的主要细菌菌株的培养滤液可增加用于分离未培养细菌的琼脂平板上的微生物菌落数。培养滤液中导致菌落数增加的因素之一是超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。在传统的实验室琼脂培养基中检测到了活性氧(O2-、H2O2 和 ・OH)的生成。使用添加了自由基清除剂(SOD、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸或芦丁)的琼脂培养基能有效增加从土壤样本中生长出来的微生物菌株的菌落数和种类。对这些分离菌株的分类研究发现了放线菌门的新分类群;新描述了一个科、三个属和九个种。其中一株属于新的棒状杆菌科的闽东棒状杆菌 KV-614T 是在添加了 SOD 的琼脂培养基上分离出来的。P. minatonensis KV-614T 代表了放线菌门(Actinomycetota)中的一个新品系。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)研究使用特异性引物来检测与 Solirubrobacterales 目 Patulibacter 属相关的菌株,结果显示其分布频率很高,在 70% 以上的土壤样本中都能检测到。这些数据表明,使用自由基清除剂可能有助于分离出土壤中广泛分布的一些尚未培养的微生物。
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引用次数: 0
Immobilization of fumarase from thermophilic eukaryotic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae on ceramic carrier. 将嗜热真核红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae 的富马酶固定在陶瓷载体上。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.02.003
Miyo Yamane, Kaori Iwazumi, Takashi Osanai

Fumarase is an enzyme catalyzing reversible reaction between fumarate and L-malate in the citric acid cycle. Fumarase is used in the industrial production of L-malate, and its immobilization is required for reuse of the fumarases to reduce the cost. Accordingly, understanding the properties of immobilized fumarase is crucial, and several groups report on the storage stability and kinetic parameters of immobilized fumarase. Here we have immobilized fumarase from the thermophilic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae (CmFUM) on ceramic beads and investigated its biochemical and physical properties. CmFUM demonstrated sufficient stability and reusability for industry use after immobilization. Notably, the thermostability was dramatically enhanced through immobilization. The Km value and kcat of immobilized CmFUM for fumarate were 1.7 mM and 22.7 s-1 respectively. The Km value for fumarate was lower than that of other reported immobilized fumarases, indicating a high substrate affinity of immobilized CmFUM. Furthermore, the enhanced stability resulting from immobilization partially compensated for the decrease in activity. The high affinity towards fumarate and good thermostability of immobilized CmFUM revealed in this study are advantageous traits for improving enzyme-mediated isomer-specific L-malate production.

富马酸酶是一种催化柠檬酸循环中富马酸和 L-苹果酸之间可逆反应的酶。富马酸酶用于 L-苹果酸的工业化生产,为了重复使用富马酸酶以降低成本,需要将其固定化。因此,了解固定化富马酸酶的特性至关重要,一些研究小组报告了固定化富马酸酶的储存稳定性和动力学参数。在此,我们将来自嗜热红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae(CmFUM)的富马酶固定在陶瓷珠上,并研究了其生化和物理特性。CmFUM 在固定化后表现出足够的稳定性和可重复使用性,可用于工业用途。值得注意的是,固定化后的热稳定性显著提高。固定化 CmFUM 对富马酸的 Km 值和 kcat 分别为 1.7 mM 和 22.7 s-1。富马酸的 Km 值低于其他已报道的固定化富马酸酶,这表明固定化 CmFUM 对底物的亲和力很高。此外,固定化带来的稳定性增强也部分弥补了活性的降低。本研究揭示的固定化 CmFUM 对富马酸盐的高亲和力和良好的热稳定性是改进酶介导的 L-苹果酸异构体特异性生产的有利特性。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation and Identification of Naphthalene-Degrading Bacteria and its Application in a Two-phase Partitioning Bioreactor. 萘降解细菌的分离与鉴定及其在两相分离生物反应器中的应用
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.07.003
Ran Deng, Jing Li, Bo Yu Liu, Jie Du, JianGuo Lu, Qiang Li, QianRu Hou

Naphthalene is a persistent environmental pollutant for its potential teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. In this study, 10 strains of bacteria capable of degrading naphthalene were isolated from crude-oil contaminated soil. Among them, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2P exhibited prominent growth with 1000 mg/L naphthalene as the sole carbon source and degraded 94.15% of naphthalene in 36 h. Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that P. plecoglossicida 2P had a total of 22 genes related to naphthalene degradation, of which 8 genes were related to the salicylic acid pathway only, 5 genes were related to the phthalic acid pathway only, 8 genes were common in both the salicylic acid and phthalic acid pathways, and 1 gene was related to the gentisic acid pathway. P. plecoglossicida 2P was applied in a two-phase partition bioreactor (TPPB) to degrade naphthalene in wastewater. The optimal operating conditions of the reactor were obtained through response surface optimization: initial naphthalene concentration (C0) =1600 mg/L, bacterial liquid concentration (OD600) = 1.3, and polymer-to-wastewater mass ratio (PWR) = 2%. Under these conditions, the naphthalene degradation rate was 98.36% at 24 h. The degradation kinetics were fitted using the Haldane equation with a high coefficient of determination (R2=0.94). The present study laid foundations for naphthalene degradation mechanism of genus Pseudomonas and its potential application in TPPB.

萘是一种持久性环境污染物,具有潜在的致畸、致癌和致突变作用。本研究从原油污染的土壤中分离出 10 株能够降解萘的细菌。其中,Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2P 在以 1000 mg/L 萘为唯一碳源的条件下表现出突出的生长能力,在 36 小时内降解了 94.15% 的萘。plecoglossicida 2P 共有 22 个与萘降解相关的基因,其中 8 个基因仅与水杨酸途径相关,5 个基因仅与邻苯二甲酸途径相关,8 个基因在水杨酸和邻苯二甲酸途径中都有,1 个基因与庆大霉素途径相关。在两相分区生物反应器(TPPB)中应用褶曲藻 2P 降解废水中的萘。通过响应面优化获得了反应器的最佳运行条件:初始萘浓度(C0)=1600 mg/L,菌液浓度(OD600)=1.3,聚合物与废水的质量比(PWR)=2%。在这些条件下,24 小时内萘的降解率为 98.36%。降解动力学采用 Haldane 方程拟合,确定系数较高(R2=0.94)。本研究为假单胞菌属的萘降解机制及其在 TPPB 中的潜在应用奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
24R005A and 24R005B: Novel radical scavengers of DPPH obtained from Streptomyces sp. cultured in a fish powder medium. 24R005A 和 24R005B:从鱼粉培养基中培养的链霉菌中获得的新型 DPPH 自由基清除剂。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.07.002
Toshikazu Komoda, Mayu Abe, Yoshitaka Koseki

We have successfully isolated two novel compounds, 24R005A (1, C13H14O4) and 24R005B (2, C13H13ClO4), from Streptomyces sp. 24R005, using fish (anchovy) powder as a medium. In this study, we evaluated the use of fish (anchovy) powder as a fermentation material for producing bioactive compounds. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that the two compounds share a common skeletal structure. However, each compound contains unique branched side chains. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit moderate radical-scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with ED50 values of 200 and 130 μM, respectively.

我们以鱼(鯷鱼)粉为培养基,成功地从链霉菌 24R005 中分离出两种新型化合物 24R005A(1,C13H14O4)和 24R005B(2,C13H13ClO4)。在这项研究中,我们评估了使用鱼(凤尾鱼)粉作为发酵材料生产生物活性化合物的情况。光谱分析显示,这两种化合物具有共同的骨架结构。不过,每种化合物都含有独特的支链侧链。此外,化合物 1 和 2 对 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)具有中等程度的自由基清除活性,ED50 值分别为 200 和 130 μM。
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引用次数: 0
CRISPRi knockdown of the cyabrB1 gene induces the divergently transcribed icfG and sll1783 operons related to carbon metabolism in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. CRISPRi 敲除 cyabrB1 基因可诱导蓝藻 Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 中与碳代谢相关的不同转录的 icfG 和 sll1783 操作子。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Epub Date: 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2024.01.001
Atsuko Hishida, Ryo Shirai, Akiyoshi Higo, Minenosuke Matsutani, Kaori Nimura-Matsune, Tomoko Takahashi, Satoru Watanabe, Shigeki Ehira, Yukako Hihara

Most cyanobacterial genomes possess more than two copies of genes encoding cyAbrBs (cyanobacterial AbrB-like proteins) having an AbrB-like DNA-binding domain at their C-terminal region. Accumulating data suggest that a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes are regulated by cyAbrBs. In this study, we investigated the function of the essential gene cyabrB1 (sll0359) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by using CRISPR interference technology. The conditional knockdown of cyabrB1 caused increases of cyAbrB2 transcript and protein levels. However, the effect of cyabrB1 knockdown on global gene expression profile was quite limited compared to the previously reported profound effect of knockout of cyabrB2. Among 24 up-regulated genes, 16 genes were members of the divergently transcribed icfG and sll1783 operons related to carbon metabolism. The results of this and previous studies indicate the different contributions of two cyAbrBs to transcriptional regulation of genes related to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen metabolism. Possession of a pair of cyAbrBs has been highly conserved during the course of evolution of the cyanobacterial phylum, suggesting physiological significance of transcriptional regulation attained by their interaction.

大多数蓝藻基因组都有两个以上的编码 cyAbrBs(蓝藻 AbrB 样蛋白)的基因拷贝,这些基因的 C 端区域具有 AbrB 样 DNA 结合域。不断积累的数据表明,cyAbrBs 可调控多种代谢和生理过程。在本研究中,我们利用 CRISPR 干扰技术研究了 Synechocystis sp.条件性敲除cyabrB1会导致cyAbrB2转录本和蛋白水平的升高。然而,与之前报道的敲除 cyabrB2 的深远影响相比,敲除 cyabrB1 对全局基因表达谱的影响相当有限。在 24 个上调基因中,有 16 个基因属于与碳代谢有关的不同转录的 icfG 和 sll1783 操作子。这项研究和以前的研究结果表明,两个 cyAbrB 对碳、氢和氮代谢相关基因的转录调控有不同的贡献。在蓝藻门的进化过程中,拥有一对 cyAbrBs 是高度保守的,这表明通过它们的相互作用实现转录调控具有重要的生理意义。
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引用次数: 0
Extracellular ligninases production and lignin degradation by Paenibacillus polymyxa. 多粘菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)产生胞外木质素酶并降解木质素。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Epub Date: 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.12.001
Ana Edith Ayala-Rodríguez, Silvia Valdés-Rodríguez, Víctor Enrique Olalde-Mathieu, María Arias-Padró, Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno, Víctor Olalde-Portugal

Bacteria represent an attractive source for the isolation and identification of potentially useful microorganisms for lignin depolymerization, a process required for the use of agricultural waste. In this work, ten autochthonous bacteria isolated from straw, cow manure, and composts were characterized for potential use in the biodelignification of the waste. A comparison of the ability to degrade lignin and the efficiency of ligninolytic enzymes was performed in bacteria grown in media with lignin as a sole carbon source (LLM, 3.5g/L lignin-alkali) and in complex media supplemented with All-Ban fiber (FLM, 1.5g/L). Bacterial isolates showed different abilities to degrade lignin, they decreased the lignin concentration from 7.6 to 18.6% in LLM and from 11.1 to 44.8% in FLM. They also presented the activity of manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidases, and laccases with different specific activities. However, strain 26 identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa by sequencing the 16S rRNA showed the highest activity of lignin peroxidase and the ability to degrade efficiently lignocellulose. In addition, P. polymyxa showed the highest potential (desirability ≥ 0.795) related to the best combination of properties to depolymerize lignin from biomass. The results suggest that P. polymyxa has a coordinated lignin degradation system constituted of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase enzymes.

细菌是分离和鉴定木质素解聚潜在有用微生物的一个有吸引力的来源,而木质素解聚是利用农业废弃物所需的一个过程。在这项工作中,对从秸秆、牛粪和堆肥中分离出的十种自生细菌进行了鉴定,以确定其在废物生物木质化过程中的潜在用途。在以木质素为唯一碳源的培养基(LLM,3.5 克/升木质素-碱)和添加全班纤维的复合培养基(FLM,1.5 克/升)中生长的细菌降解木质素的能力和木质素分解酶的效率进行了比较。细菌分离物降解木质素的能力各不相同,在 LLM 培养基中,它们将木质素浓度从 7.6% 降至 18.6%,在 FLM 培养基中,它们将木质素浓度从 11.1% 降至 44.8%。它们还具有不同特异性的锰过氧化物酶、木质素过氧化物酶和木质素酶的活性。不过,通过 16S rRNA 测序确定为多粘毛芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的菌株 26 显示出最高的木质素过氧化物酶活性和高效降解木质纤维素的能力。此外,P. polymyxa 表现出了最高的潜力(可取性≥ 0.795),具有从生物质中解聚木质素的最佳特性组合。结果表明,多粘菌具有一个协调的木质素降解系统,由木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶和漆酶组成。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of salinity and time on structure and functional potential of wastewater treatment biofilms in intermittent sand bioreactors. 盐度和时间对间歇式沙生物反应器中污水处理生物膜的结构和功能潜力的影响。
IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.12.003
Kristen Conroy, Jelmer Poelstra, Karen Mancl

High salt wastewater is produced in industries, including seafood and pickling processing. The salinity in such wastewaters has been shown to negatively impact biological treatment efficacy. Little is known about the changes in the microbial community structure in the mature biological 2 treatment systems, the impacts of salinity on community composition, and the shifts over time during operation. This study aimed to identify the changes in the microbial community due to both salt and days of operation through 16s rRNA sequencing and KEGG functional predictions. Intermittent sand bioreactors (ISBs) with a focus on ammonia treatment were utilized. Results showed that the overall community structure and diversity were distinct as wastewater salinity varied from 0%-1.3%. At 1.3% salinity Zoogloea, a common genus in wastewater treatment plants, was not present and Aequorovita, Thauera and Dokdonella became the dominant genera. Nitrosomonas, an important ammonia oxidizing bacteria, increased in abundance with days of operation but was not significantly impacted by an increase in salinity. This finding was further supported by an increase in predicted nitrification potential with time of operation within all intermittent sand bioreactors tested. These results provide a deeper understanding of the impacts of salinity on microbial community development in biological treatment systems and elucidate the shifts in community structure occurring during early operations and into system maturity.

海产品和腌制加工等行业会产生高盐废水。事实证明,此类废水中的盐分会对生物处理效果产生负面影响。人们对成熟生物处理系统中微生物群落结构的变化、盐度对群落组成的影响以及运行期间随时间的变化知之甚少。具体来说,本研究使用了间歇式砂生物反应器(ISB),重点是氨氮处理。这项研究旨在通过 16s rRNA 测序和 KEGG 功能预测,确定微生物群落因盐分和运行天数而发生的变化。结果表明,当废水含盐量在 0%-1.3% 之间变化时,整体群落结构和多样性各不相同。在盐度为 1.3% 时,污水处理厂中常见的 Zoogloea 属不复存在,Aequorovita、Thaura 和 Dokdonella 成为优势菌属。亚硝单胞菌是一种重要的氨氧化细菌,其丰度随着运行天数的增加而增加,但盐度的增加对其影响不大。在所有测试的间歇式砂生物反应器中,随着运行时间的延长,预计硝化潜力也会增加,这进一步证实了上述发现。这些结果加深了人们对盐度对生物处理系统中微生物群落发展的影响的理解,并阐明了群落结构在运行初期和系统成熟期发生的变化。
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Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
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