Bir ulkede surdurulebilir kalkinma icin temel maliye politikasi araci olan vergiler, onemli kamu geliri turudur. Vergilerin gelir saglama disinda ekonomik ve sosyal amaclari da bulunmaktadir. Bu amaclari gerceklestirecek vergi sisteminin olusturulmasinda onemli parametrelerden biri vergi esnekligidir. Vergi esnekliginin bilinmesi vergi sisteminin otomatik stabilizator olma ozelligi, artan oranlilik ve hedeflenen vergi geliri tahmini icin onem arz eder. Bir ulkede inelastik bir vergi sistemi, toplanacak vergiler konusunda belirsizlik yaratmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de 2002-2019 doneminde ozel tuketim vergisinde (OTV) vergi esnekliginin teorik degere uygun olup olmadigini OECD ulkeleriyle karsilastirmali olarak incelemektir. Olumsuz dissalliklari onleme, tersine artan oranliligi azaltma gibi islevleri geregi vergi sisteminin temel yapi taslari arasinda yer alan OTV’nin, beklentileri yerine getirmesinin olcumunde vergi gelir esnekligi onemli bir aractir. Calismanin sonucunda OTV’de Turkiye’deki vergi gelir esnekliginin OECD ulkelerinden dusuk oldugu gorulmustur.
{"title":"ÖZEL TÜKETİM VERGİLERİNDE VERGİ GELİR ESNEKLİĞİ: TÜRKİYE VE OECD KARŞILAŞTIRMASI","authors":"Filiz Gi̇ray, Gizem Zeren","doi":"10.15637//jlecon.7.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637//jlecon.7.018","url":null,"abstract":"Bir ulkede surdurulebilir kalkinma icin temel maliye politikasi araci olan vergiler, onemli kamu geliri turudur. Vergilerin gelir saglama disinda ekonomik ve sosyal amaclari da bulunmaktadir. Bu amaclari gerceklestirecek vergi sisteminin olusturulmasinda onemli parametrelerden biri vergi esnekligidir. Vergi esnekliginin bilinmesi vergi sisteminin otomatik stabilizator olma ozelligi, artan oranlilik ve hedeflenen vergi geliri tahmini icin onem arz eder. Bir ulkede inelastik bir vergi sistemi, toplanacak vergiler konusunda belirsizlik yaratmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de 2002-2019 doneminde ozel tuketim vergisinde (OTV) vergi esnekliginin teorik degere uygun olup olmadigini OECD ulkeleriyle karsilastirmali olarak incelemektir. Olumsuz dissalliklari onleme, tersine artan oranliligi azaltma gibi islevleri geregi vergi sisteminin temel yapi taslari arasinda yer alan OTV’nin, beklentileri yerine getirmesinin olcumunde vergi gelir esnekligi onemli bir aractir. Calismanin sonucunda OTV’de Turkiye’deki vergi gelir esnekliginin OECD ulkelerinden dusuk oldugu gorulmustur.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127638595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of this study is to test the association between savings and current account deficit of the “New Fragile Five” falling into critical cycle. 1994-2019 period annual national savings, current account balance and external debt have been analyzed within the framework of panel data analysis. At the modeling stage of the research focused on the cointegration relationship. Panel cointegration tests with structural breaks based on LM were used. To examine the unique economic structures of countries, heterogeneous estimating techniques were employed. The research has four important findings; i.There is a cointegration relationship between indicators, ii.The external debt increases the current account deficit, iii.The increase of savings in Turkey decreases the current account deficit, iv.An increase in savings increases the current account deficit in Argentina, Egypt, Pakistan and Qatar. This study, which will contribute to the expansion of typology, is also contributory to the “Triple Deficit Hypothesis”.
{"title":"COINTEGRATION EVIDENCES FROM THE NEW FRAGILE FIVE","authors":"Gülgün Çiğdem, Merve Altaylar","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.020","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of this study is to test the association between savings and current account deficit of the “New Fragile Five” falling into critical cycle. 1994-2019 period annual national savings, current account balance and external debt have been analyzed within the framework of panel data analysis. At the modeling stage of the research focused on the cointegration relationship. Panel cointegration tests with structural breaks based on LM were used. To examine the unique economic structures of countries, heterogeneous estimating techniques were employed. The research has four important findings; i.There is a cointegration relationship between indicators, ii.The external debt increases the current account deficit, iii.The increase of savings in Turkey decreases the current account deficit, iv.An increase in savings increases the current account deficit in Argentina, Egypt, Pakistan and Qatar. This study, which will contribute to the expansion of typology, is also contributory to the “Triple Deficit Hypothesis”.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126736318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industry 4.0 refers to the latest development of industry, which began in the 18th century in England. In this period, the industrial sector, which has passed through three important stages with the use of steam power, electricity and computer in industry, is facing the fourth stage, called Industrial 4.0, or the Fourth Industrial Revolution, with the emergence of the concept of i the Internet of things ”. The fact that objects reach the internet and communicate with other devices, in other words, objects become “smart objects Nes has brought the concept of the Internet of objects into the agenda. Intelligent objects have a place in daily life; The mechanization of production in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors is thus interpreted as minimizing the need for human beings. The situation shows that there will be radical changes in the working principles of the sectors. The change in the production method and the need for human beings bring the questions about how the management structures of the enterprises will continue. It is envisaged that the mechanization of Industry 4.0 will be highly effective on the service sector, which is a labor-intensive sector, and the enterprises operating in the sector. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the possible changes in the management structures of the organizations operating in the media sector which are sub-sectors of the service sector during the Industry 4.0 process. In the study, the concept of Industry 4.0 was first defined and its scope was analyzed. Then media organizations and management structures were examined. Finally, evaluations and projections regarding the possible change of the management structure of media organizations within the scope of Industry 4.0 are given. Literature review and editing methods were used in the study.
{"title":"THE CHANGE IN THE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF MEDIA INSTITUTIONS IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (INDUSTRY 4.0) PROCESS","authors":"Zeynep Ayer, Birol Akgül","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.010","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0 refers to the latest development of industry, which began in the 18th century in England. In this period, the industrial sector, which has passed through three important stages with the use of steam power, electricity and computer in industry, is facing the fourth stage, called Industrial 4.0, or the Fourth Industrial Revolution, with the emergence of the concept of i the Internet of things ”. The fact that objects reach the internet and communicate with other devices, in other words, objects become “smart objects Nes has brought the concept of the Internet of objects into the agenda. Intelligent objects have a place in daily life; The mechanization of production in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors is thus interpreted as minimizing the need for human beings. The situation shows that there will be radical changes in the working principles of the sectors. The change in the production method and the need for human beings bring the questions about how the management structures of the enterprises will continue. It is envisaged that the mechanization of Industry 4.0 will be highly effective on the service sector, which is a labor-intensive sector, and the enterprises operating in the sector. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the possible changes in the management structures of the organizations operating in the media sector which are sub-sectors of the service sector during the Industry 4.0 process. In the study, the concept of Industry 4.0 was first defined and its scope was analyzed. Then media organizations and management structures were examined. Finally, evaluations and projections regarding the possible change of the management structure of media organizations within the scope of Industry 4.0 are given. Literature review and editing methods were used in the study.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130555828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Universiteler; dunyada yasanan hizli degisim ve donusum surecinden etkilenen kurumlar olmakla birlikte, bu degisim ve donusumu ortaya cikaran kaynaklar arasinda yer almaktadir. Ayrica universiteler, bu degisimin surekliligi geregi, daima kurumsal ve toplumsal deger yaratacak yenilikleri, bir baska ifadeyle inovasyonu hedeflemesi gereken kurumlardir. Orgutlerin hedefleri ile gelecege yonelik ongoruleri ise, misyon ve vizyon bildirimleri araciligiyla aciklanir. Orgutun tepe yonetimi tarafindan belirlenen misyon ve vizyon, orgut calisanlarina yol gosterme ve orgutsel hedefleri benimsetme fonksiyonunu yerine getirir. Dolayisiyla orgutlerin tum kaynaklarini orgutsel hedefler dogrultusunda kullanabilmesi icin, etkili misyon ve vizyon bildirimleri bir gerekliliktir. Bu acidan degerlendirildiginde, universitelerin misyon ve vizyon bildirimlerinin, inovasyona iliskin ifadeler icermesi beklenir. Bu noktadan hareketle calismanin amaci, Marmara Bolgesinde faaliyet gosteren devlet ve vakif universitelerinin Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler, Siyasal Bilgiler, Sosyal Bilimler, Yonetim Bilimleri, Iktisat, Isletme, Isletme ve Yonetim Bilimleri Fakulteleri ile Iktisadi, Idari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakultelerinin misyon ve vizyon bildirimlerinin inovasyon kavrami cercevesinde karsilastirmali olarak analizidir.
{"title":"MARMARA BÖLGESİ ÜNİVERSİTELERİNİN İNOVASYON FARKINDALIĞI: MİSYON VE VİZYON BİLDİRİMLERİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ","authors":"Filiz Tufan Emi̇ni̇, Çağlar Eren Ayaz","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.017","url":null,"abstract":"Universiteler; dunyada yasanan hizli degisim ve donusum surecinden etkilenen kurumlar olmakla birlikte, bu degisim ve donusumu ortaya cikaran kaynaklar arasinda yer almaktadir. Ayrica universiteler, bu degisimin surekliligi geregi, daima kurumsal ve toplumsal deger yaratacak yenilikleri, bir baska ifadeyle inovasyonu hedeflemesi gereken kurumlardir. Orgutlerin hedefleri ile gelecege yonelik ongoruleri ise, misyon ve vizyon bildirimleri araciligiyla aciklanir. Orgutun tepe yonetimi tarafindan belirlenen misyon ve vizyon, orgut calisanlarina yol gosterme ve orgutsel hedefleri benimsetme fonksiyonunu yerine getirir. Dolayisiyla orgutlerin tum kaynaklarini orgutsel hedefler dogrultusunda kullanabilmesi icin, etkili misyon ve vizyon bildirimleri bir gerekliliktir. Bu acidan degerlendirildiginde, universitelerin misyon ve vizyon bildirimlerinin, inovasyona iliskin ifadeler icermesi beklenir. Bu noktadan hareketle calismanin amaci, Marmara Bolgesinde faaliyet gosteren devlet ve vakif universitelerinin Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler, Siyasal Bilgiler, Sosyal Bilimler, Yonetim Bilimleri, Iktisat, Isletme, Isletme ve Yonetim Bilimleri Fakulteleri ile Iktisadi, Idari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakultelerinin misyon ve vizyon bildirimlerinin inovasyon kavrami cercevesinde karsilastirmali olarak analizidir.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126242425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, because of the developments in software and hardware technology, the datasets used in research have expanded, and with the effects of artificial intelligence technologies, the models used in forecasts have enabled to obtain results with broader meanings. In this study, using the crime index calculated to reveal the crime rates in the countries every year, the safety positions of the 106 countries was estimated. For this purpose, logistic regression analysis, artificial neural networks and MOORA method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods and also not a classification method, has been used to provide a different point of view. As a result of the study, it is determined that the correct classification rate of estimations made according to the safety of countries with artificial neural networks method is higher than other methods.
{"title":"ÜLKELERİN GÜVENLİ OLMALARININ TAHMİNİNDE LOJİSTİK REGRESYON, YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI VE MOORA YÖNTEMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI","authors":"Özlem Deniz Başar, E. Genç","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.008","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, because of the developments in software and hardware technology, the datasets used in research have expanded, and with the effects of artificial intelligence technologies, the models used in forecasts have enabled to obtain results with broader meanings. In this study, using the crime index calculated to reveal the crime rates in the countries every year, the safety positions of the 106 countries was estimated. For this purpose, logistic regression analysis, artificial neural networks and MOORA method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods and also not a classification method, has been used to provide a different point of view. As a result of the study, it is determined that the correct classification rate of estimations made according to the safety of countries with artificial neural networks method is higher than other methods.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122610850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Metal Sanayi, ulke ekonomisinin ve sanayisinin gelismesinde onemli bir faktor olmakla birlikte, kriz donemlerinde sektorun kuculmesi, ulke istihdamini ve ekonomisinin negatif yonde etkilemektedir. Ana Metal Sanayi firmalarinin yillar bazinda performans degerlendirmesinin yapilmasi, bu calismanin ana amacini olusturmaktadir. Performans degerlendirmesi, isletmenin kullandigi kaynaklari, urettigi mal ve hizmetleri, elde ettigi sonuclari takip etmesi, duzenli ve sistematik bir sekilde veri toplamasi, bunlari analiz edip yorumlamasi ve raporlamasi surecidir. Performansin hesaplanmasi ve olculmesi; zor ve karmasik bir surectir. Firma duzeyinde ve sektor bazindaki finansal degerlendirmeler firmalarin performans degerlendirmesinde yatirimcilar ve firma yoneticileri acisindan yol gostericidir. Ancak finansal oranlari girdi ve cikti degiskeni olarak degerlendirip, firmanin performans degerlendirilmesinin yapilmasi daha gercekci yorumlar yapilmasini saglar. Bu calismada, BIST’te islem goren 17 adet Ana Metal Sanayii firmalarinin etkinligi 2010-2018 donemi icin Veri Zarflama Analiz Yontemi (VZA) kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Calismada, girdi degiskenleri; Likidite orani, Cari oran, Toplam Borc/Ozsermaye, Toplam Aktifler; Cikti degiskenleri; Net Gelir, Ozkaynak Karliligi, Net Kar Marji, Tobin Q’dur. Calismada, girdiye yonelik etkinlik analizi yapilmistir ve analiz sonucuna gore, 2010-2018 doneminde etkinlik skorlari, ilgili butun firmalarin yillik ortalama degerleri; CCR ve BCC modeline gore 2012 yilindan 2018 yilina kadar genel bir dusus trendi gostermektedir. 2018 yilinda 2016-2017 yillarina gore bir parca pozitif yone donus trendi gostermesine ragmen 2012 yilindan daha dusuk seviyede oldugu gorulmustur.
{"title":"BIST 100 DE YER ALAN ANA METAL SANAYİ FİRMALARININ VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ İLE PERFORMANS ÖLÇÜMÜ","authors":"Ümran Şengül","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.011","url":null,"abstract":"Ana Metal Sanayi, ulke ekonomisinin ve sanayisinin gelismesinde onemli bir faktor olmakla birlikte, kriz donemlerinde sektorun kuculmesi, ulke istihdamini ve ekonomisinin negatif yonde etkilemektedir. Ana Metal Sanayi firmalarinin yillar bazinda performans degerlendirmesinin yapilmasi, bu calismanin ana amacini olusturmaktadir. Performans degerlendirmesi, isletmenin kullandigi kaynaklari, urettigi mal ve hizmetleri, elde ettigi sonuclari takip etmesi, duzenli ve sistematik bir sekilde veri toplamasi, bunlari analiz edip yorumlamasi ve raporlamasi surecidir. Performansin hesaplanmasi ve olculmesi; zor ve karmasik bir surectir. Firma duzeyinde ve sektor bazindaki finansal degerlendirmeler firmalarin performans degerlendirmesinde yatirimcilar ve firma yoneticileri acisindan yol gostericidir. Ancak finansal oranlari girdi ve cikti degiskeni olarak degerlendirip, firmanin performans degerlendirilmesinin yapilmasi daha gercekci yorumlar yapilmasini saglar. Bu calismada, BIST’te islem goren 17 adet Ana Metal Sanayii firmalarinin etkinligi 2010-2018 donemi icin Veri Zarflama Analiz Yontemi (VZA) kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Calismada, girdi degiskenleri; Likidite orani, Cari oran, Toplam Borc/Ozsermaye, Toplam Aktifler; Cikti degiskenleri; Net Gelir, Ozkaynak Karliligi, Net Kar Marji, Tobin Q’dur. Calismada, girdiye yonelik etkinlik analizi yapilmistir ve analiz sonucuna gore, 2010-2018 doneminde etkinlik skorlari, ilgili butun firmalarin yillik ortalama degerleri; CCR ve BCC modeline gore 2012 yilindan 2018 yilina kadar genel bir dusus trendi gostermektedir. 2018 yilinda 2016-2017 yillarina gore bir parca pozitif yone donus trendi gostermesine ragmen 2012 yilindan daha dusuk seviyede oldugu gorulmustur.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132908540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ephemeral social media platforms, which displays rich media, primarily images and videos, are only available only for a short period of time. It has recently attracted researchers ' attention to better understand how ephemeral social media platforms impact users of social media. We design quantitative survey study that sampling data collected over two weeks (N= 149) to understand engagement differences (consuming, participating, producing) between Millennials and Non-millennials (the Silent Generation, the Baby Boomers, Generation X), on one of the leading ephemeral mobile platforms - on Instagram “Stories”. Our data demonstrated that Millennials show statistically significant differences by engaging Instagram “Stories” than Non-millennials. However, results unexpectedly demonstrate that non-millennial (age 40 and more in 2020) users show the same engagement level in “watching” and “reading” ephemeral content as Millennial users.
{"title":"MILLENNIAL VERSUS NON-MILLENNIAL USERS: CONTEXT OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT LEVELS ON INSTAGRAM STORIES (EXTENDED VERSION)","authors":"Khalil Israfilzade, N. Babayev","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.009","url":null,"abstract":"Ephemeral social media platforms, which displays rich media, primarily images and videos, are only available only for a short period of time. It has recently attracted researchers ' attention to better understand how ephemeral social media platforms impact users of social media. We design quantitative survey study that sampling data collected over two weeks (N= 149) to understand engagement differences (consuming, participating, producing) between Millennials and Non-millennials (the Silent Generation, the Baby Boomers, Generation X), on one of the leading ephemeral mobile platforms - on Instagram “Stories”. Our data demonstrated that Millennials show statistically significant differences by engaging Instagram “Stories” than Non-millennials. However, results unexpectedly demonstrate that non-millennial (age 40 and more in 2020) users show the same engagement level in “watching” and “reading” ephemeral content as Millennial users.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128406503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This current study was aimed at exploring the consequential effects of both short- and long-term interest rates on fiscal deficits in BRICS economies. The panel vector error correction model (PVECM) techniques were employed to capture both long-run and short-run dynamics between variables. Using annual panel data, spanning the period 1995 to 2019, which was derived from OECD and IMF, this current study discovered a positive and significant relationship between both short- and long-term interest rates in BRICS economies. Moreover, the results of the study revealed a negative and significant relationship between GDP and fiscal deficits. These results confirmed that fiscal deficits hypothetically crowd out private investment and consumption through increased effects on interest rates. Therefore, the implementation of policy mix (interaction between monetary policy and fiscal policy) was recommended to unnecessary or unproductive government expenditure that may result in increased fiscal deficits and interest rate in BRICS economies.
{"title":"FISCAL DEFICITS AND INTEREST RATES IN BRICS ECONOMIES: TESTING THE KEYNESIAN-RICARDIAN OPPOSITION","authors":"Edward Kagiso Molefe, Gisele Mah","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.012","url":null,"abstract":"This current study was aimed at exploring the consequential effects of both short- and long-term interest rates on fiscal deficits in BRICS economies. The panel vector error correction model (PVECM) techniques were employed to capture both long-run and short-run dynamics between variables. Using annual panel data, spanning the period 1995 to 2019, which was derived from OECD and IMF, this current study discovered a positive and significant relationship between both short- and long-term interest rates in BRICS economies. Moreover, the results of the study revealed a negative and significant relationship between GDP and fiscal deficits. These results confirmed that fiscal deficits hypothetically crowd out private investment and consumption through increased effects on interest rates. Therefore, the implementation of policy mix (interaction between monetary policy and fiscal policy) was recommended to unnecessary or unproductive government expenditure that may result in increased fiscal deficits and interest rate in BRICS economies.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114194613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuresellesme surecinde, dunyada ustunlukleri kabul edilmis olan bazi markalarin, kuresel ekonomi politikalari ve dogrudan yabanci yatirimlar sayesinde satislarinin azami artis gostermesi nedeniyle kuresel marka haline geldikleri gorulmustur. Bu calismada, aslinda daha onceden var olduklari halde kuresel ekonomi sistemiyle cok fazla buyume gosteren yuksek gelirli isletmelerin arka planinda ayni zamanda kendi marka stratejilerinin rolu arastirilmaktadir. Ayrica, eski ekonomi sistemlerindeki ulusal pazarlar ile kuresel ekonomi sisteminin uluslararasi pazarlarin cok farkli olmasi nedeniyle kuresellesen sirketlerin marka stratejilerini kuresel ekonomi sartlarina gore belirledikleri gorulmustur. Cunku kuresel marka olmasi istenen bir urunun butun dunya pazarina kaliteli bir bicimde sunulabilmesi icin dunyada bolgesel, yoresel ve kulturel farkliliklar nedeniyle kuresel tuketim toplumunun istek ve ihtiyaclarin da farkli olmasi nedeniyle her urunun dunya ekonomisine girmesi ayni kolaylikta olmamaktadir. Bu yuzden belirli ozelliklere sahip bir urunle dunya pazarinda faaliyet gosterebilmek guclu bir markaya ve yuksek finansal guce sahip olmayi gerektirdigi icin kuresellesmenin baslangic ve gelisme yillarinda daha ziyade dunyadaki cok buyuk sirketler faaliyet gosterebilmistir. Bu calisma kapsaminda, dunyadaki cok daha kucuk isletmelerin de gelirlerinin arttirabilmek icin kuresel marka olusturabilmesinin careleri arastirilmaktadir.
{"title":"KÜRESELLEŞME SÜRECİNDE MARKALAŞMA VE ÇOK ULUSLU ŞİRKET MARKALARI MARKALARIN KÜRESEL ETKİNLİĞİ","authors":"İbrahim Bora Oran","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.013","url":null,"abstract":"Kuresellesme surecinde, dunyada ustunlukleri kabul edilmis olan bazi markalarin, kuresel ekonomi politikalari ve dogrudan yabanci yatirimlar sayesinde satislarinin azami artis gostermesi nedeniyle kuresel marka haline geldikleri gorulmustur. Bu calismada, aslinda daha onceden var olduklari halde kuresel ekonomi sistemiyle cok fazla buyume gosteren yuksek gelirli isletmelerin arka planinda ayni zamanda kendi marka stratejilerinin rolu arastirilmaktadir. Ayrica, eski ekonomi sistemlerindeki ulusal pazarlar ile kuresel ekonomi sisteminin uluslararasi pazarlarin cok farkli olmasi nedeniyle kuresellesen sirketlerin marka stratejilerini kuresel ekonomi sartlarina gore belirledikleri gorulmustur. Cunku kuresel marka olmasi istenen bir urunun butun dunya pazarina kaliteli bir bicimde sunulabilmesi icin dunyada bolgesel, yoresel ve kulturel farkliliklar nedeniyle kuresel tuketim toplumunun istek ve ihtiyaclarin da farkli olmasi nedeniyle her urunun dunya ekonomisine girmesi ayni kolaylikta olmamaktadir. Bu yuzden belirli ozelliklere sahip bir urunle dunya pazarinda faaliyet gosterebilmek guclu bir markaya ve yuksek finansal guce sahip olmayi gerektirdigi icin kuresellesmenin baslangic ve gelisme yillarinda daha ziyade dunyadaki cok buyuk sirketler faaliyet gosterebilmistir. Bu calisma kapsaminda, dunyadaki cok daha kucuk isletmelerin de gelirlerinin arttirabilmek icin kuresel marka olusturabilmesinin careleri arastirilmaktadir.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121131185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isyerlerinde adaletsizlik algisi birey ve orgutlere zarar veren, olumsuz sonuclar yaratan unsurlar arasinda yer almaktadir. Bu arastirmada yoneticilerin orgutsel adaletsizlik algilarinin isten ayrilma niyetleri, yasam tatminleri, geri cekilme ve nezaketsizlik davranislari uzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amaclanmistir. Arastirma evrenini Kayseri Ili, Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bolgesinde Makine Sanayinde faaliyet gosteren 51 isletmenin yoneticileri olusturmustur. Olusturulan arastirma modelini test etmek amaciyla yapisal esitlik modellemesinden faydalanilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda orgutsel adalet algisinin isten ayrilma niyeti ve nezaketsizlik davranisini pozitif yonde etkiledigi tespit edilirken yasam tatmini ve geri cekilme davranislari uzerinde anlamli bir etkisi olmadigi belirlenmistir.
{"title":"ÇALIŞMA YAŞAMINDA ÖRGÜTSEL ADALETSİZLİK ALGISININ YÖNETİCİLERİN İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ, YAŞAM TATMİNİ, GERİ ÇEKİLME VE NEZAKETSİZLİK DAVRANIŞLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN TESPİTİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA","authors":"Ebru Aykan","doi":"10.15637/jlecon.7.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.014","url":null,"abstract":"Isyerlerinde adaletsizlik algisi birey ve orgutlere zarar veren, olumsuz sonuclar yaratan unsurlar arasinda yer almaktadir. Bu arastirmada yoneticilerin orgutsel adaletsizlik algilarinin isten ayrilma niyetleri, yasam tatminleri, geri cekilme ve nezaketsizlik davranislari uzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amaclanmistir. Arastirma evrenini Kayseri Ili, Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bolgesinde Makine Sanayinde faaliyet gosteren 51 isletmenin yoneticileri olusturmustur. Olusturulan arastirma modelini test etmek amaciyla yapisal esitlik modellemesinden faydalanilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda orgutsel adalet algisinin isten ayrilma niyeti ve nezaketsizlik davranisini pozitif yonde etkiledigi tespit edilirken yasam tatmini ve geri cekilme davranislari uzerinde anlamli bir etkisi olmadigi belirlenmistir.","PeriodicalId":158468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130117853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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