Journal of food protection最新文献_第6页

Bridging Barriers in Food Safety Education: An Evaluation of Current Food Safety Training Programs and Recommendations for Future Opportunities Among Small-Scale Processors 消除食品安全教育中的障碍：对当前食品安全培训计划的评估以及对小规模加工商未来机会的建议。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100651

Maeve Swinehart , Suyapa Fabiola Rojas Oropel , Zachary Berglund , Erin DiCaprio , Yaohua Feng

Small-scale processors represent a large segment of all food processors in the United States. However, they struggle in adapting to the evolving criteria for food safety management, including effective employee food safety training. This study identifies barriers that small-scale processors encounter in employee food safety training programs and assesses their perceptions of various training formats. This qualitative method study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews of up to one hour each with 30 food safety managers from small-scale food processors. This study identified four major food safety training barriers: accessibility problems, varying baseline knowledge, lack of engagement, and time and budget insufficiencies. Small-scale processors made several recommendations to overcome barriers identified in this study. To improve learning outcomes achieved by food safety training programs, participants suggested using in-facility imagery, “real world” examples, and small training groups. Additionally, small-scale processors preferred a hybrid delivery format to improve food safety training programs and create more accessible opportunities. Small-scale processors perceived food safety regulations as ambiguous. They felt that regulations did not clearly define the food safety requirements in their facilities. Participants also identify a lack of existing resources for food safety management and challenges in prioritizing food safety training topics among management personnel as barriers to robust food safety plan development. This study’s findings will inform food safety educators and extension specialists about ways to create more effective training for small-scale food processors.

在美国，小型加工商占所有食品加工商的很大一部分。然而，他们努力适应不断变化的食品安全管理标准，包括有效的员工食品安全培训。本研究确定了小规模加工商在员工食品安全培训计划中遇到的障碍，并评估了他们对各种培训形式的看法。本定性研究采用半结构化访谈的方式，对30名来自小型食品加工商的食品安全管理人员进行了长达一小时的访谈。这项研究确定了四个主要的食品安全培训障碍：无障碍问题、不同的基线知识、缺乏参与以及时间和预算不足。小规模加工者提出了几项建议，以克服本研究中确定的障碍。为了提高食品安全培训项目的学习效果，参与者建议使用设施内的图像、“真实世界”的例子和小型培训小组。此外，小规模加工商更喜欢混合交付形式，以改善食品安全培训计划，并创造更容易获得的机会。小规模加工商认为食品安全法规模棱两可。他们认为法规没有明确规定其设施的食品安全要求。与会者还指出，缺乏食品安全管理的现有资源，以及在管理人员中确定食品安全培训主题的优先次序方面存在挑战，这些都是制定强有力的食品安全计划的障碍。这项研究的发现将告诉食品安全教育者和推广专家如何为小规模食品加工商提供更有效的培训。

{"title":"Bridging Barriers in Food Safety Education: An Evaluation of Current Food Safety Training Programs and Recommendations for Future Opportunities Among Small-Scale Processors","authors":"Maeve Swinehart , Suyapa Fabiola Rojas Oropel , Zachary Berglund , Erin DiCaprio , Yaohua Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-scale processors represent a large segment of all food processors in the United States. However, they struggle in adapting to the evolving criteria for food safety management, including effective employee food safety training. This study identifies barriers that small-scale processors encounter in employee food safety training programs and assesses their perceptions of various training formats. This qualitative method study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews of up to one hour each with 30 food safety managers from small-scale food processors. This study identified four major food safety training barriers: accessibility problems, varying baseline knowledge, lack of engagement, and time and budget insufficiencies. Small-scale processors made several recommendations to overcome barriers identified in this study. To improve learning outcomes achieved by food safety training programs, participants suggested using in-facility imagery, “real world” examples, and small training groups. Additionally, small-scale processors preferred a hybrid delivery format to improve food safety training programs and create more accessible opportunities. Small-scale processors perceived food safety regulations as ambiguous. They felt that regulations did not clearly define the food safety requirements in their facilities. Participants also identify a lack of existing resources for food safety management and challenges in prioritizing food safety training topics among management personnel as barriers to robust food safety plan development. This study’s findings will inform food safety educators and extension specialists about ways to create more effective training for small-scale food processors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Drives the Use of Highly Hazardous Pesticides and Farmers’ Beliefs About Crop Contamination in Punjab, Pakistan? Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Public Health 在巴基斯坦旁遮普，是什么驱使农民使用高度危险的杀虫剂，以及他们对作物污染的看法？对可持续农业和公共卫生的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100646

Yasir Mehmood , Muhammad Arshad , Stefan Sieber

Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to improve crop yields and protect against pests. However, the excessive and indiscriminate application of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) poses serious threats to farmers, the environment, and consumer health—risks that are particularly acute in developing countries where awareness of pesticide hazards is limited. Using farm household-level survey data, this study investigates the factors that drive the use of HHP and farmers’ beliefs about crop contamination in Punjab, Pakistan. Ordered logistic regression models were applied for analysis. Results show that media exposure, participation in Farmer Field Schools (FFS), perceived effectiveness, and yield-maximization intent significantly increase the likelihood of HHP use. Retailer recommendations also have a positive influence (β = 0.495, p < 0.05), while farmers’ awareness of pesticide risks reduces usage (β = −0.432, p < 0.05). Beliefs about crop contamination are positively influenced by education level, media exposure, FFS participation, and label reading, whereas retailer advice exerted a strong negative influence (β = −0.850, p < 0.01). Overall, farmers demonstrated limited knowledge of pesticide hazards, with 76% and 71% of farmers citing yield gains and economic necessity, respectively, as their primary motivations for HHP use. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions and institutional support to raise awareness of pesticide-related health risks and to promote safer, more sustainable agricultural practices.

农药在农业中广泛使用，以提高作物产量和防止害虫。然而，过度和不明智地使用高度危险农药对农民、环境和消费者健康构成严重风险，这种风险在对农药危害认识有限的发展中国家尤为严重。本研究利用农户调查数据，调查了巴基斯坦旁遮普省驱动HHP使用的因素和农民对作物污染的看法。采用有序逻辑回归模型进行分析。结果表明，媒体曝光、农民田间学校（FFS）的参与、感知有效性和产量最大化意图显著增加了使用HHP的可能性。值得注意的是，零售商的推荐也有积极的影响（β = 0.495, p < 0.05），而农民对农药风险的信念减少了使用（β = -0.432, p < 0.05）。教育、媒体、农民田间学校参与和标签阅读对作物污染的信念产生积极影响，而零售商建议产生强烈的负面影响（β = -0.850, p < 0.01）。总体而言，农民对农药危害的了解有限，分别有76%和71%的农民报告说，他们使用HHP的主要动机是提高产量和经济必要性。这些发现突出表明，需要有针对性的政策干预和机构支持，以提高对农药相关风险的认识，并促进更安全、更可持续的农业做法。

{"title":"What Drives the Use of Highly Hazardous Pesticides and Farmers’ Beliefs About Crop Contamination in Punjab, Pakistan? Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Public Health","authors":"Yasir Mehmood , Muhammad Arshad , Stefan Sieber","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to improve crop yields and protect against pests. However, the excessive and indiscriminate application of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) poses serious threats to farmers, the environment, and consumer health—risks that are particularly acute in developing countries where awareness of pesticide hazards is limited. Using farm household-level survey data, this study investigates the factors that drive the use of HHP and farmers’ beliefs about crop contamination in Punjab, Pakistan. Ordered logistic regression models were applied for analysis. Results show that media exposure, participation in Farmer Field Schools (FFS), perceived effectiveness, and yield-maximization intent significantly increase the likelihood of HHP use. Retailer recommendations also have a positive influence (<em>β</em> = 0.495, <em>p</em> < 0.05), while farmers’ awareness of pesticide risks reduces usage (<em>β</em> = −0.432, <em>p</em> < 0.05). Beliefs about crop contamination are positively influenced by education level, media exposure, FFS participation, and label reading, whereas retailer advice exerted a strong negative influence (<em>β</em> = −0.850, <em>p</em> < 0.01). Overall, farmers demonstrated limited knowledge of pesticide hazards, with 76% and 71% of farmers citing yield gains and economic necessity, respectively, as their primary motivations for HHP use. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions and institutional support to raise awareness of pesticide-related health risks and to promote safer, more sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145368106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food Safety Practices Among Small-Scale Produce Growers Exempt from Federal Regulations: A Systematic Literature Review 免除联邦法规的小规模农产品种植者的食品安全实践：系统的文献回顾。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100648

Jesica Temple , Tim P. Boltz , Jessica M. Blythe , Christopher M. Ashwell , Cangliang Shen

Small-scale produce growers exempt from the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule (PSR) are not required to follow federal food safety standards, yet their practices have direct implications for public health. The extent to which knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) influence voluntary adoption of PSR-aligned practices in this group remains unclear. This systematic literature review aimed to examine self-reported food safety behaviors and willingness to adopt practices among FSMA-exempt small-scale growers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, six databases (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, and ProQuest) were searched for studies published from 2013 to 2025. Eligible studies included cross-sectional surveys reporting on food safety behaviors and KAB across three high-risk domains: agricultural water (AW), cleaning and sanitation (CS), and storage and transport (ST). Out of 133 records screened, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six reported findings on AW, five on CS, and five on ST. Use of tested well water ranged from 28.9% to 39.4%; 71–74% of respondents reported managing sanitation or packing produce in designated facilities; and 64% reported managing transport sanitation. Despite widespread awareness of food safety importance, the adoption of specific practices was inconsistent. Findings underscore a gap between intention and implementation, reinforcing the need for targeted outreach and affordable infrastructure solutions to support voluntary compliance among FSMA-exempt growers.

不受《食品安全现代化法案》（FSMA）《农产品安全规则》（PSR）约束的小规模农产品种植者不需要遵循联邦食品安全标准，但他们的做法对公众健康有直接影响。知识、态度和行为（KAB）在多大程度上影响了这一群体自愿采用与psr一致的实践，目前尚不清楚。本系统的文献综述旨在检查自我报告的食品安全行为和自愿采取的做法在fsma豁免小规模种植者。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，检索了六个数据库（ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus， AGRIS， AGRICOLA和ProQuest），以检索2013年至2025年发表的研究。符合条件的研究包括报告食品安全行为和KAB的横断面调查，涉及三个高风险领域：农业用水（AW）、清洁和卫生（CS）以及储存和运输（ST）。在筛选的133份记录中，有7项研究符合纳入标准。6个报告的发现是关于AW， 5个关于CS， 5个关于st。测试井水的使用范围从28.9%到39.4%不等；71-74%的答复者报告在指定设施管理卫生设施或包装农产品；64%的人报告管理了交通卫生设施。尽管普遍意识到食品安全的重要性，具体做法的采用是不一致的。调查结果强调了意图和实施之间的差距，强调了有针对性的推广和负担得起的基础设施解决方案的必要性，以支持fsma豁免种植者自愿遵守。

{"title":"Food Safety Practices Among Small-Scale Produce Growers Exempt from Federal Regulations: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Jesica Temple , Tim P. Boltz , Jessica M. Blythe , Christopher M. Ashwell , Cangliang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-scale produce growers exempt from the Food Safety Modernization Act (<strong>FSMA</strong>) Produce Safety Rule (<strong>PSR</strong>) are not required to follow federal food safety standards, yet their practices have direct implications for public health. The extent to which knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (<strong>KAB</strong>) influence voluntary adoption of PSR-aligned practices in this group remains unclear. This systematic literature review aimed to examine self-reported food safety behaviors and willingness to adopt practices among FSMA-exempt small-scale growers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (<strong>PRISMA</strong>) guidelines, six databases (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, and ProQuest) were searched for studies published from 2013 to 2025. Eligible studies included cross-sectional surveys reporting on food safety behaviors and KAB across three high-risk domains: agricultural water (<strong>AW</strong>), cleaning and sanitation (<strong>CS</strong>), and storage and transport (<strong>ST</strong>). Out of 133 records screened, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six reported findings on AW, five on CS, and five on ST. Use of tested well water ranged from 28.9% to 39.4%; 71–74% of respondents reported managing sanitation or packing produce in designated facilities; and 64% reported managing transport sanitation. Despite widespread awareness of food safety importance, the adoption of specific practices was inconsistent. Findings underscore a gap between intention and implementation, reinforcing the need for targeted outreach and affordable infrastructure solutions to support voluntary compliance among FSMA-exempt growers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a Coinoculation Method for Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on Whole and Broken Almonds Exposed to Dry Heat 干热下整粒杏仁和碎粒杏仁肠道沙门氏菌和粪肠球菌NRRL B-2354共接种方法的研究

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100644

Yucen Xie , Christopher Theofel , Vanessa Lieberman , Linda J. Harris

Traditional laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies often involve inoculating each organism onto separate samples, which can subsequently introduce variability due to differences in food microenvironments and processing conditions. Coinoculating pathogens and surrogates onto the same sample minimizes this variability by subjecting both microorganisms to identical conditions. This study evaluated a coinoculation method for comparing the thermal resistance of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium on whole and broken almonds exposed to 168 °C for up to 12 min. Selective media were validated for accurate differentiation and enumeration of coinoculated wild-type or rifampin-resistant Salmonella and E. faecium on almonds. The media reliably distinguished and quantified each organism, with no cross-recovery observed. Reductions in Salmonella were not significantly different between wild-type and rifampin-resistant strains, nor between CHROMagar Salmonella and tryptic soy agar supplemented with rifampin at 50 μg/mL (P > 0.05). E. faecium demonstrated similar or greater thermal resistance compared to coinoculated Salmonella, supporting its use as a surrogate during dry heat treatment of almonds. While no significant difference in Salmonella reduction was observed between whole and broken almonds, greater reductions of E. faecium were observed on broken almonds, suggesting that almond structure may influence microbial thermal responses in a species-dependent manner. The findings support the utility of coinoculation for laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies.

传统的基于实验室的病原体替代物比较研究通常涉及将每种生物接种到单独的样品上，这可能随后由于食品微环境和加工条件的差异而引入变异。将病原体和代物共同接种到同一样品上，使两种微生物处于相同的条件下，从而最大限度地减少了这种可变性。本研究采用共接种的方法，比较了整粒杏仁和碎粒杏仁在168°C下加热12 min后，肠道沙门氏菌和屎肠球菌的耐热性。选择培养基对杏仁上共接种的野生型或耐利福平沙门氏菌和粪肠杆菌进行了准确的鉴别和计数。培养基可靠地区分和量化了每种生物，没有观察到交叉恢复。50 μg/mL添加利福平的CHROMagar沙门氏菌与色浆大豆琼脂菌对沙门氏菌的减少量无显著差异（P < 0.05）。与共接种的沙门氏菌相比，粪杆菌表现出类似或更大的耐热性，支持其作为杏仁干热处理的替代品。虽然整个杏仁和碎杏仁中沙门氏菌的减少量没有显著差异，但碎杏仁中粪肠杆菌的减少量更大，这表明杏仁的结构可能以一种依赖的方式影响微生物的热反应。研究结果支持共接种在实验室病原体-替代物比较研究中的效用。

{"title":"Evaluation of a Coinoculation Method for Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on Whole and Broken Almonds Exposed to Dry Heat","authors":"Yucen Xie , Christopher Theofel , Vanessa Lieberman , Linda J. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies often involve inoculating each organism onto separate samples, which can subsequently introduce variability due to differences in food microenvironments and processing conditions. Coinoculating pathogens and surrogates onto the same sample minimizes this variability by subjecting both microorganisms to identical conditions. This study evaluated a coinoculation method for comparing the thermal resistance of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> on whole and broken almonds exposed to 168 °C for up to 12 min. Selective media were validated for accurate differentiation and enumeration of coinoculated wild-type or rifampin-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> on almonds. The media reliably distinguished and quantified each organism, with no cross-recovery observed. Reductions in <em>Salmonella</em> were not significantly different between wild-type and rifampin-resistant strains, nor between CHROMagar Salmonella and tryptic soy agar supplemented with rifampin at 50 μg/mL (<em>P</em> > 0.05). <em>E. faecium</em> demonstrated similar or greater thermal resistance compared to coinoculated <em>Salmonella</em>, supporting its use as a surrogate during dry heat treatment of almonds. While no significant difference in <em>Salmonella</em> reduction was observed between whole and broken almonds, greater reductions of <em>E. faecium</em> were observed on broken almonds, suggesting that almond structure may influence microbial thermal responses in a species-dependent manner. The findings support the utility of coinoculation for laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eugenol as a Seed Treatment for Controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Seeds Under Controlled Environmental Agriculture 丁香酚对环境农业条件下罗勒种子中大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的防治作用

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643

Liliana Avaroma , Angela M. Walla , Ronny Barrera , Leslie D. Thompson , Catherine Simpson

Recent foodborne outbreaks linked to basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) highlight the urgent need for effective intervention strategies covering the entire production cycle from seed to harvest. Foodborne pathogens, particularly E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, pose significant public health risks when associated with fresh produce. Seeds serve as a primary vector for pathogen transmission, with contamination often originating from irrigation water, manure, or cross-contamination during handling. Traditional seed disinfection methods, such as chlorine-based treatments and hydrogen peroxide, have limited efficacy in reducing pathogens while maintaining seed viability. Eugenol has been shown to be an effective foodborne pathogen intervention in a variety of produce types. This study investigates the potential of eugenol (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%), a phenolic monoterpenoid, as a seed treatment to control E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium and quality parameters on basil seeds over 14 days. All eugenol concentrations reduced pathogen loads by 4–5 log CFU/g at hr 0. However, antimicrobial efficacy declined significantly over time, with regrowth observed by 48 hrs, resulting in microbial levels not significantly different from the untreated control (p > 0.05). The 0.5% eugenol treatment consistently minimized negative impacts on germination rates (p > 0.05) and biomass (p < 0.05), offering the best balance between microbial control and plant health. These results underscore eugenol’s potential as a short-term surface disinfectant for basil seeds and emphasize the need for combined strategies to sustain long-term efficacy.

最近与罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L.）有关的食源性暴发突出表明迫切需要有效的干预策略，涵盖从种子到收获的整个生产周期。食源性病原体，特别是大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，在与新鲜农产品相关联时构成重大公共卫生风险。种子是病原体传播的主要媒介，其污染通常来自灌溉用水、粪便或处理过程中的交叉污染。传统的种子消毒方法，如氯基处理和过氧化氢，在减少病原体的同时保持种子活力方面效果有限。丁香酚已被证明是一种有效的食源性病原体干预多种农产品类型。研究了酚类单萜类化合物丁香酚（0.5%、0.75%、1.0%）作为控制大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的种子处理的潜力，以及对罗勒种子14 d的质量参数。在hr 0时，所有丁香酚浓度均可使病原体负荷降低4-5 log CFU/g。然而，随着时间的推移，抗菌效果显著下降，在48小时后观察到再生，导致微生物水平与未处理的对照组无显著差异（p > 0.05）。0.5%丁香酚处理对发芽率（p < 0.05）和生物量的负面影响持续最小化（p < 0.05），提供了微生物控制和植物健康之间的最佳平衡。这些结果强调了丁香酚作为罗勒种子短期表面消毒剂的潜力，并强调了维持长期功效的综合策略的必要性。

{"title":"Eugenol as a Seed Treatment for Controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Seeds Under Controlled Environmental Agriculture","authors":"Liliana Avaroma , Angela M. Walla , Ronny Barrera , Leslie D. Thompson , Catherine Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent foodborne outbreaks linked to basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L.) highlight the urgent need for effective intervention strategies covering the entire production cycle from seed to harvest. Foodborne pathogens, particularly <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, pose significant public health risks when associated with fresh produce. Seeds serve as a primary vector for pathogen transmission, with contamination often originating from irrigation water, manure, or cross-contamination during handling. Traditional seed disinfection methods, such as chlorine-based treatments and hydrogen peroxide, have limited efficacy in reducing pathogens while maintaining seed viability. Eugenol has been shown to be an effective foodborne pathogen intervention in a variety of produce types. This study investigates the potential of eugenol (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%), a phenolic monoterpenoid, as a seed treatment to control <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>S.</em> Typhimurium and quality parameters on basil seeds over 14 days. All eugenol concentrations reduced pathogen loads by 4–5 log CFU/g at hr 0. However, antimicrobial efficacy declined significantly over time, with regrowth observed by 48 hrs, resulting in microbial levels not significantly different from the untreated control (p > 0.05). The 0.5% eugenol treatment consistently minimized negative impacts on germination rates (p > 0.05) and biomass (p < 0.05), offering the best balance between microbial control and plant health. These results underscore eugenol’s potential as a short-term surface disinfectant for basil seeds and emphasize the need for combined strategies to sustain long-term efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on the Recovery of Peanut, Milk, and Gluten Residue from Environmental Swabs 贮存时间和温度对环境棉签中花生、牛奶和面筋渣回收的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645

Jessica Humphrey, Shyamali Jayasena, Steve L. Taylor, Joseph L. Baumert

Food companies utilize environmental swabs in production facilities to validate cleaning procedures and ensure food products and food contact surfaces contain no detectable residues of unintentional food allergens. When swabs are sent to third−party laboratories as part of cleaning validation trials, the current recommendation is to ship swabs on ice with same-day shipping. However, with unforeseen delays, the temperature and duration of storage exert unknown effects on the recovery of allergen residues from swabs. The recovery of three allergenic food residues (peanut, milk, gluten) from Neogen Environmental Swabs following storage at specified temperatures and times was evaluated. Extracts of 25, 50, and 100 ppm (mg/L) peanut flour, nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and gluten (an additional 10 ppm (mg/L) spike was included for gluten) were prepared and spiked onto the swabs that were then stored at room temperature, 37 °C, 4 °C, and −20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Subsequently, swabs were tested using two commercial ELISA methods (Neogen Veratox® and Morinaga) for each allergenic food. Higher and more stable recovery was obtained throughout the 14-day period across all three allergenic foods when tested using the Morinaga kits by comparison to the Veratox kits. For peanut and milk recovery from swabs analyzed using the Veratox kit, the greatest decrease in recovery was observed from day 0 to day 1. Gluten−spiked swabs tested with the Veratox kit did not demonstrate significant variability in recovery over time. Overall, higher recoveries were observed when swabs were stored at lower temperatures. These results indicate that swabs should be transported and stored at 4 °C or −20 °C until analysis. However, these results are limited to the Neogen Environmental Swabs and the ELISA kits evaluated in the current study. Further evaluation of additional protein targets, ELISA kits, and swab types is warranted to determine if these results are consistent for alternate targets, extractions, and swab types.

食品公司在生产设施中使用环境棉签来验证清洁程序，并确保食品和食品接触表面不含可检测到的无意中食物过敏原残留。当拭子作为清洁验证试验的一部分被送到第三方实验室时，目前的建议是用冰块运输拭子，当天发货。然而，由于不可预见的延迟，储存的温度和持续时间对拭子中过敏原残留物的回收产生未知的影响。在规定的温度和时间下，从Neogen环境拭子中回收三种致敏性食物残留物（花生、牛奶、麸质）进行了评估。制备25、50和100 ppm （mg/L）花生面粉、脱脂干牛奶（NFDM）和谷蛋白（谷蛋白包括额外的10 ppm （mg/L）穗）的提取物，并将其添加到拭子上，然后在室温、37°C、4°C和-20°C下保存0、1、3、5、7、10和14天。随后，使用两种商用ELISA方法（Neogen Veratox®和Morinaga）对每个致敏食物进行拭子测试。与Veratox试剂盒相比，使用森永试剂盒对所有三种致敏性食物进行了14天的测试，获得了更高和更稳定的恢复。对于使用Veratox试剂盒分析的棉签中花生和牛奶的回收率，从第0天到第1天观察到回收率的最大下降。用Veratox试剂盒测试的麸质刺拭子在恢复过程中没有表现出显著的变化。总的来说，当拭子在较低的温度下储存时，观察到更高的回收率。这些结果表明，拭子应在4°C或-20°C下运输和储存，直到分析。然而，这些结果仅限于在当前研究中评估的Neogen环境拭子和ELISA试剂盒。进一步评估其他蛋白靶点、ELISA试剂盒和拭子类型是必要的，以确定这些结果是否与替代靶点、提取和拭子类型一致。

{"title":"Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on the Recovery of Peanut, Milk, and Gluten Residue from Environmental Swabs","authors":"Jessica Humphrey, Shyamali Jayasena, Steve L. Taylor, Joseph L. Baumert","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food companies utilize environmental swabs in production facilities to validate cleaning procedures and ensure food products and food contact surfaces contain no detectable residues of unintentional food allergens. When swabs are sent to third−party laboratories as part of cleaning validation trials, the current recommendation is to ship swabs on ice with same-day shipping. However, with unforeseen delays, the temperature and duration of storage exert unknown effects on the recovery of allergen residues from swabs. The recovery of three allergenic food residues (peanut, milk, gluten) from Neogen Environmental Swabs following storage at specified temperatures and times was evaluated. Extracts of 25, 50, and 100 ppm (mg/L) peanut flour, nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and gluten (an additional 10 ppm (mg/L) spike was included for gluten) were prepared and spiked onto the swabs that were then stored at room temperature, 37 °C, 4 °C, and −20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Subsequently, swabs were tested using two commercial ELISA methods (Neogen Veratox® and Morinaga) for each allergenic food. Higher and more stable recovery was obtained throughout the 14-day period across all three allergenic foods when tested using the Morinaga kits by comparison to the Veratox kits. For peanut and milk recovery from swabs analyzed using the Veratox kit, the greatest decrease in recovery was observed from day 0 to day 1. Gluten−spiked swabs tested with the Veratox kit did not demonstrate significant variability in recovery over time. Overall, higher recoveries were observed when swabs were stored at lower temperatures. These results indicate that swabs should be transported and stored at 4 °C or −20 °C until analysis. However, these results are limited to the Neogen Environmental Swabs and the ELISA kits evaluated in the current study. Further evaluation of additional protein targets, ELISA kits, and swab types is warranted to determine if these results are consistent for alternate targets, extractions, and swab types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal and Environmental Drivers for Survival of Escherichia coli in Florida Soils Amended with Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Composted Poultry Litter 经热处理家禽颗粒和堆肥家禽垃圾处理的佛罗里达州土壤中大肠杆菌存活的时间和环境驱动因素

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100639

Harsimran Kaur Kapoor , Charles Bency Appolon , Cameron A. Bardsley , Karuna Kharel , Keith R. Schneider , Manan Sharma , Aditya Kumar Mishra , Govindaraj Dev Kumar , Alda F.A. Pires , Laurel L. Dunn , Abhinav Mishra

Previous studies have shown that field environmental conditions influence pathogen survival in the soils amended with biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs). To address this, a two-year completely randomized design field study in Florida was conducted with plots amended with heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPPs), composted poultry litter (PL), and unamended (UN), all inoculated with E. coli. Onion bulbs were transplanted into selected HTPP plots (O-HTPP) and field cured after harvesting. Soil samples were enumerated for E. coli on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 147 (harvest day), and 161 (after curing). The E. coli data were used to fit a linear mixed effect model (LME) with five weather variables: cumulative rainfall (cmrain₄), average air temperature (at60₁₂₃₄), relative humidity (RH₁₂₃₄), wind speed (W₁), soil temperature (ast₁). Overall, E. coli levels were 1.8 and 1.6 log₁₀CFU or MPN/g higher in HTPP than UN plots in Year 1 and Year 2. The LME for soil amendment plots identified weather parameters that significantly influenced E. coli survival; cmrain₄ and W₁ increased and decreased survival by 0.698 and 0.712 log₁₀CFU or MPN/g (p < 0.01), in Year 1. In the LME that compared plots with and without onions, W₁ significantly increased survival in soils by 0.504 log₁₀CFU or MPN/g (p < 0.05) in Year 1 (p < 0.05). These robust LME models (R²: 0.88–0.92) can predict the E. coli population in soils amended with poultry-litter−based amendments with or without onions. However, future studies will benefit from frequent samplings at later time points.

已有研究表明，野外环境条件会影响动物源性生物土壤改良剂（bsaao）改良土壤中病原菌的生存。为了解决这一问题，在佛罗里达州进行了一项为期两年的完全随机设计的实地研究，其中用热处理家禽颗粒（HTPP）、堆肥家禽垃圾（PL）和未改性（UN）进行了改良，均接种了大肠杆菌。洋葱鳞茎移栽到选定的HTPP地块（O-HTPP），收获后进行田间固化。分别在第0、1、3、7、14、28、56、84、112、140、147（采收日）、161（养护后）对土壤样品进行大肠杆菌检测。利用大肠杆菌数据与5个天气变量（累积降雨量（cmrain4）、平均气温（at601234）、相对湿度（RH1234）、风速（W1）、土壤温度（ast1））拟合线性混合效应模型（LME）。总体而言，在第一年和第二年，HTPP的大肠杆菌水平比联合国地块高1.8和1.6 log10CFU或MPN/g。土壤改良剂的LME鉴定出对大肠杆菌存活有显著影响的天气参数；cmrain4和W1分别提高和降低了0.698和0.712 log10CFU或MPN/g的存活率（p1显著提高了0.504 log10CFU或MPN/g (p2: 0.88-0.92)），可以预测在添加或不添加洋葱的家禽粪便改良土壤中大肠杆菌的数量。然而，未来的研究将受益于在以后的时间点频繁采样。

{"title":"Temporal and Environmental Drivers for Survival of Escherichia coli in Florida Soils Amended with Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Composted Poultry Litter","authors":"Harsimran Kaur Kapoor , Charles Bency Appolon , Cameron A. Bardsley , Karuna Kharel , Keith R. Schneider , Manan Sharma , Aditya Kumar Mishra , Govindaraj Dev Kumar , Alda F.A. Pires , Laurel L. Dunn , Abhinav Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that field environmental conditions influence pathogen survival in the soils amended with biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs). To address this, a two-year completely randomized design field study in Florida was conducted with plots amended with heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPPs), composted poultry litter (PL), and unamended (UN), all inoculated with <em>E. coli</em>. Onion bulbs were transplanted into selected HTPP plots (O-HTPP) and field cured after harvesting. Soil samples were enumerated for <em>E. coli</em> on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 147 (harvest day), and 161 (after curing). The <em>E. coli</em> data were used to fit a linear mixed effect model (LME) with five weather variables: cumulative rainfall (cmrain<sub>4</sub>), average air temperature (at60<sub>1234</sub>), relative humidity (RH<sub>1234</sub>), wind speed (W<sub>1</sub>), soil temperature (ast<sub>1</sub>). Overall, <em>E. coli</em> levels were 1.8 and 1.6 log<sub>10</sub>CFU or MPN/g higher in HTPP than UN plots in Year 1 and Year 2. The LME for soil amendment plots identified weather parameters that significantly influenced <em>E. coli</em> survival; cmrain<sub>4</sub> and W<sub>1</sub> increased and decreased survival by 0.698 and 0.712 log<sub>10</sub>CFU or MPN/g (<em>p</em> < 0.01), in Year 1. In the LME that compared plots with and without onions, W<sub>1</sub> significantly increased survival in soils by 0.504 log<sub>10</sub>CFU or MPN/g (<em>p</em> < 0.05) in Year 1 (<em>p</em> < 0.05)<em>.</em> These robust LME models (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.88–0.92) can predict the <em>E. coli</em> population in soils amended with poultry-litter−based amendments with or without onions. However, future studies will benefit from frequent samplings at later time points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Sanitation Practices on Microbial Dynamics in Meat Processing Environment 卫生措施对肉类加工环境中微生物动态的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100647

Barun Yadav , Yi Fan , Scott Hrycauk , Tim McAllister , Claudia Narvaez-Bravo , Tyson Brown , Xianqin Yang

This study investigated the effects of a multistage sanitation process on the microbial populations associated with conveyor belts, drains, and air within a large commercial beef processing facility. Total aerobic counts in samples from conveyor belts, drain, and air increased after a pressurized warm water wash (P < 0.05), decreased after foaming and degreasing (P < 0.05), and were not affected (P > 0.05) by application of peracetic acid (500 ppm) or quat−based (200 ppm) no-rinse sanitizers at recommended in-use concentrations with a 5−min contact time. Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts on conveyor belts and drains largely followed the same pattern as those of total aerobic counts. However, the Enterobacteriaceae counts in air samples were below the detection limit (1 CFU/100 L). Escherichia coli were not recovered from belts before cleaning or after sanitation, but were detected only sporadically during sanitation. In drain samples where E. coli were recovered, counts were not affected by cleaning or sanitation steps. Sequencing results revealed that the microbial composition varied by different sampling trips. Overall, Acinetobacter was predominant throughout the sanitation process in conveyor belt, drain, and air samples, with overall relative abundance of 46.06%, 51.18%, and 55.83%, respectively. Prediction models based on sequencing data indicated that the drain surface was a significant contributor to the initial microbiota on conveyor belts, but was replaced by air at the step of pressurized water washing.

本研究调查了多阶段卫生过程对大型商业牛肉加工设施内传送带、排水沟和空气中微生物种群的影响。使用过氧乙酸或quat基无冲洗消毒剂以使用浓度、接触时间5分钟进行加压温水洗涤后，传送带、排水管和空气中样品的总有氧计数增加（P0.05）。肠杆菌科和大肠菌群在传送带和排水沟上的计数基本上遵循与总有氧计数相同的模式。空气样品中肠杆菌科细菌计数低于检测限（1 CFU/1000 L）。清洗前或卫生后未检出大肠杆菌，但在卫生过程中偶有检出。在回收大肠杆菌的下水道样本中，计数不受清洁或卫生步骤的影响。测序结果显示，不同采样行程的微生物组成不同。总体而言，输送带、排水和空气样本在整个卫生过程中均以不动杆菌为主，总体相对丰度分别为46.06%、51.18%和55.83%。基于测序数据的预测模型表明，排水表面是输送带上初始微生物群的重要贡献者，但在加压水洗涤步骤中被空气所取代。

{"title":"Effects of Sanitation Practices on Microbial Dynamics in Meat Processing Environment","authors":"Barun Yadav , Yi Fan , Scott Hrycauk , Tim McAllister , Claudia Narvaez-Bravo , Tyson Brown , Xianqin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of a multistage sanitation process on the microbial populations associated with conveyor belts, drains, and air within a large commercial beef processing facility. Total aerobic counts in samples from conveyor belts, drain, and air increased after a pressurized warm water wash (<em>P</em> < 0.05), decreased after foaming and degreasing (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and were not affected (<em>P</em> > 0.05) by application of peracetic acid (500 ppm) or quat−based (200 ppm) no-rinse sanitizers at recommended in-use concentrations with a 5−min contact time. <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and coliforms counts on conveyor belts and drains largely followed the same pattern as those of total aerobic counts. However, the <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> counts in air samples were below the detection limit (1 CFU/100 L). <em>Escherichia coli</em> were not recovered from belts before cleaning or after sanitation, but were detected only sporadically during sanitation. In drain samples where <em>E. coli</em> were recovered, counts were not affected by cleaning or sanitation steps. Sequencing results revealed that the microbial composition varied by different sampling trips. Overall, <em>Acinetobacter</em> was predominant throughout the sanitation process in conveyor belt, drain, and air samples, with overall relative abundance of 46.06%, 51.18%, and 55.83%, respectively. Prediction models based on sequencing data indicated that the drain surface was a significant contributor to the initial microbiota on conveyor belts, but was replaced by air at the step of pressurized water washing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Milk Safety in Rwanda: Examining Practices, Microbial Contamination, and Antibiotic Residues Along the Milk Value Chain 卢旺达的牛奶安全：检查牛奶价值链上的做法、微生物污染和抗生素残留。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100641

Eugene Niyonzima , Kizito Nishimwe , Armitra Jackson-Davis , Janvier Mugisha , David Mugabo , Sylvie Nkundizanye , Theogene Ndayishimye , Olivier Kamana , Anselme Shyaka , Lamin S. Kassama

Milk is widely recognized as a vital source of animal protein; however, it can also act as a conduit for foodborne infections. This study evaluated the microbiological quality and prevalence of antibiotic residues in raw cow milk along Rwanda’s dairy value chain, including farms, milk transporters, milk collection centers (MCCs), and retail outlets. The research was conducted across four major milk sheds (regions) in Rwanda: Gicumbi, Gishwati, Nyagatare, and Nyanza. A total of 144 dairy farmers, 70 milk transporters, 12 MCCs, and 46 retail points were randomly selected. Data on milk production and handling practices were gathered using a structured questionnaire, and 390 milk samples were analyzed for hygiene indicator bacteria, Salmonella, and antibiotic residues. Milk was found to be transported from farms to MCCs without refrigeration. At the farm level, microbial counts for Total Mesophilic Bacteria (6.10 ± 0.08 log CFU/mL), Total Coliforms (4.85 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL), and Escherichia coli (3.79 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL) exceeded national safety thresholds. Contamination levels increased during transportation and peaked at MCCs, where the Total Mesophilic Count (TMC) reached 6.97 ± 0.14 log CFU/mL, and Salmonella was detected in 18% of samples. However, microbial quality improved at the retail level, likely due to boiling practices. Antibiotic residues were present in 48.5% of milk samples. Tetracyclines were the most frequently detected (40.0%), followed by Streptomycin (6.2%) and β-lactams (2.3%). Additionally, 95.8% of Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 54.2% exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance on-farm hygiene, establish cold chain systems for milk transportation, and implement routine screening for antibiotic residues throughout the dairy value chain.

牛奶被广泛认为是动物蛋白的重要来源；然而，它也可以作为食源性感染的渠道。本研究评估了卢旺达乳制品价值链上（包括农场、牛奶运输商、牛奶收集中心和零售店）生牛奶中抗生素残留的微生物质量和流行程度。这项研究是在卢旺达的四个主要牛奶棚（地区）进行的：Gicumbi、Gishwati、Nyagatare和Nyanza。随机抽取了144个奶农、70个牛奶运输商、12个mcc和46个零售点。采用结构化问卷收集了牛奶生产和处理方法的数据，并对390份牛奶样本进行了卫生指标细菌、沙门氏菌和抗生素残留分析。牛奶被发现在没有冷藏的情况下从农场运往监控中心。在养殖场水平，总中温细菌（6.10 ± 0.08 log CFU/mL）、总大肠菌群（4.85 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL）和大肠杆菌（3.79 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL）的微生物计数均超过国家安全阈值。污染水平在运输过程中增加，在mcs处达到峰值，总中温细菌计数（TMC）达到6.97 ± 0.14 log CFU/mL， 18%的样品检测到沙门氏菌。然而，在零售水平上，微生物质量得到改善，可能是由于煮沸的做法。48.5%的牛奶样本中存在抗生素残留。以四环素类药物检出率最高（40.0%），其次为链霉素（6.2%）和β-内酰胺类药物（2.3%）。此外，95.8%的沙门氏菌分离株对至少一种抗生素耐药，54.2%表现出多药耐药。这些研究结果强调，迫切需要有针对性的干预措施，以加强农场卫生，建立牛奶运输的冷链系统，并在整个乳制品价值链中实施抗生素残留的常规筛查。

{"title":"Milk Safety in Rwanda: Examining Practices, Microbial Contamination, and Antibiotic Residues Along the Milk Value Chain","authors":"Eugene Niyonzima , Kizito Nishimwe , Armitra Jackson-Davis , Janvier Mugisha , David Mugabo , Sylvie Nkundizanye , Theogene Ndayishimye , Olivier Kamana , Anselme Shyaka , Lamin S. Kassama","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Milk is widely recognized as a vital source of animal protein; however, it can also act as a conduit for foodborne infections. This study evaluated the microbiological quality and prevalence of antibiotic residues in raw cow milk along Rwanda’s dairy value chain, including farms, milk transporters, milk collection centers (MCCs), and retail outlets. The research was conducted across four major milk sheds (regions) in Rwanda: Gicumbi, Gishwati, Nyagatare, and Nyanza. A total of 144 dairy farmers, 70 milk transporters, 12 MCCs, and 46 retail points were randomly selected. Data on milk production and handling practices were gathered using a structured questionnaire, and 390 milk samples were analyzed for hygiene indicator bacteria, <em>Salmonella</em>, and antibiotic residues. Milk was found to be transported from farms to MCCs without refrigeration. At the farm level, microbial counts for Total Mesophilic Bacteria (6.10 ± 0.08 log CFU/mL), Total Coliforms (4.85 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL), and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (3.79 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL) exceeded national safety thresholds. Contamination levels increased during transportation and peaked at MCCs, where the Total Mesophilic Count (TMC) reached 6.97 ± 0.14 log CFU/mL, and <em>Salmonella</em> was detected in 18% of samples. However, microbial quality improved at the retail level, likely due to boiling practices. Antibiotic residues were present in 48.5% of milk samples. Tetracyclines were the most frequently detected (40.0%), followed by Streptomycin (6.2%) and β-lactams (2.3%). Additionally, 95.8% of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 54.2% exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance on-farm hygiene, establish cold chain systems for milk transportation, and implement routine screening for antibiotic residues throughout the dairy value chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surveillance of Salmonella in Cull Boar, Sow, and Gilt Lymph Nodes and Tonsils from Six Cull Hog Processing Facilities in the United States 美国6个扑杀猪加工厂中野猪、母猪和后备母猪淋巴结和扁桃体沙门氏菌的监测。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100642

Sirui Zhang , Reagan L. Brashears , Mindy M. Brashears , Marcos X. Sanchez , Sara E. Gragg

Salmonella is associated with the environment, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes (LNs) of pigs. Contamination in LNs of cull hogs may lead to contamination of carcasses, sausages, and other pork products. To better understand the public health risks of contaminated lymphatic tissues, a cross-sectional analysis of Salmonella in the LNs and tonsils of cull hogs processed at six facilities across two regions of the United States during different seasons was conducted. A total of 3,824 samples from 560 carcasses were included in this study. From each carcass, six LNs (axillary [ALN], mesenteric [MLN], subiliac [SLN], tracheobronchial [TLN], superficial inguinal [SILN], and prescapular [PLN]), and tonsils were collected. The BAX® System Real-Time Salmonella Assay and BAX®-System-SalQuant® methods were used to detect and estimate Salmonella concentration in samples, respectively. Salmonella prevalence was 12.3% overall, 36.9% in tonsils, 29.7% in MLNs, 8.2% in SILNs, 2.5% in PLNs, 4.5% in TLNs, 2.0% in ALNs, and 0.7% in SLNs. Salmonella prevalence was greatest for tonsils in the summer/fall (42.6%), though season was not significant (P = 0.1132). For MLNs, Salmonella prevalence in spring (35.2%) and summer/fall (32.5%) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than winter (18.3%). Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in SILNs during winter (19.2%) than spring (0.5%) and summer/fall (2.2%) in the eastern region. Of the 70 MLNs that were enumerable, estimated concentration (log Salmonella cells/sample) was greatest (P < 0.05) during winter (2.8) in comparison to summer/fall (1.8) and spring (0.7) in the eastern region. At the carcass level, 332 (59.3%) harbored Salmonella in one or more samples, and prevalence did not vary by season (P = 0.1495) or region (P = 0.8669). These data suggest that seasonal factors impact Salmonella contamination in specific lymph nodes and can be used by the industry for risk assessment and Salmonella mitigation strategies.

沙门氏菌与猪的环境、胃肠道和淋巴结（LNs）有关。扑杀猪体内的毒素可能会导致尸体、香肠和其他猪肉产品受到污染。为了更好地了解受污染淋巴组织的公共卫生风险，对美国两个地区六个设施在不同季节处理的屠宰猪的扁桃体和淋巴结中的沙门氏菌进行了横断面分析。本研究共收集了560只动物尸体的3824份样本。每具胴体取6个淋巴结（腋窝[ALN]、肠系膜[MLN]、髂下[SLN]、气管支气管[TLN]、腹股沟浅[SILN]、肩胛前[PLN]）和扁桃体。分别采用BAX®System Real-Time Salmonella Assay和BAX®-System-SalQuant®方法检测和估计样品中的沙门氏菌浓度。总体沙门氏菌患病率为12.3%，扁桃体为36.9%，mln为29.7%，siln为8.2%，pln为2.5%，tln为4.5%，aln为2.0%，sln为0.7%。夏秋季扁桃体沙门氏菌感染率最高（42.6%），季节差异不显著（P=0.1132）。春季（35.2%）和夏秋季（32.5%）沙门菌的流行率显著高于同期(P

{"title":"Surveillance of Salmonella in Cull Boar, Sow, and Gilt Lymph Nodes and Tonsils from Six Cull Hog Processing Facilities in the United States","authors":"Sirui Zhang , Reagan L. Brashears , Mindy M. Brashears , Marcos X. Sanchez , Sara E. Gragg","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is associated with the environment, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes (LNs) of pigs. Contamination in LNs of cull hogs may lead to contamination of carcasses, sausages, and other pork products. To better understand the public health risks of contaminated lymphatic tissues, a cross-sectional analysis of <em>Salmonella</em> in the LNs and tonsils of cull hogs processed at six facilities across two regions of the United States during different seasons was conducted. A total of 3,824 samples from 560 carcasses were included in this study. From each carcass, six LNs (axillary [ALN], mesenteric [MLN], subiliac [SLN], tracheobronchial [TLN], superficial inguinal [SILN], and prescapular [PLN]), and tonsils were collected. The BAX® System Real-Time <em>Salmonella</em> Assay and BAX®-System-SalQuant® methods were used to detect and estimate <em>Salmonella</em> concentration in samples, respectively. <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was 12.3% overall, 36.9% in tonsils, 29.7% in MLNs, 8.2% in SILNs, 2.5% in PLNs, 4.5% in TLNs, 2.0% in ALNs, and 0.7% in SLNs. <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was greatest for tonsils in the summer/fall (42.6%), though season was not significant (<em>P</em> = 0.1132). For MLNs, <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence in spring (35.2%) and summer/fall (32.5%) was significantly greater (<em>P</em> < 0.05) than winter (18.3%). <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was significantly higher (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in SILNs during winter (19.2%) than spring (0.5%) and summer/fall (2.2%) in the eastern region. Of the 70 MLNs that were enumerable, estimated concentration (log <em>Salmonella</em> cells/sample) was greatest (<em>P</em> < 0.05) during winter (2.8) in comparison to summer/fall (1.8) and spring (0.7) in the eastern region. At the carcass level, 332 (59.3%) harbored <em>Salmonella</em> in one or more samples, and prevalence did not vary by season (<em>P</em> = 0.1495) or region (<em>P</em> = 0.8669). These data suggest that seasonal factors impact <em>Salmonella</em> contamination in specific lymph nodes and can be used by the industry for risk assessment and <em>Salmonella</em> mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 12","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0