Journal of food protection最新文献_第2页

Corrigendum to “The Combined Use of High Pressure Processing and Lactic Acid Containing Fermentate on Inactivation of Salmonella, Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Pet Foods” [J. Food Protect. 87(12) (2024) 100390]

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100465

Alvin Lee , Nicole Maks-Warren , Viviana Aguilar , Brittany Swicegood , Lindsay Halik , Joshua Warren , Edward O’Neill , Jason Meents , Susy Tejayadi

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Population Analyses Reveal Pre-enrichment Method and Selective Enrichment Media Affect Salmonella Serovars Detected on Broiler Carcasses” [J. Food Protect. 82(10) (2019) 1688–1696]

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100415

Nelson A. Cox , Mark E. Berrang , Sandra L. House , David Medina , Kim Cook , Nikki W Shariat

引用次数: 0

Initializing a Public Repository for Hosting Benchmark Datasets to Facilitate Machine Learning Model Development in Food Safety

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100463

Chenhao Qian , Huan Yang , Jayadev Acharya , Jingqiu Liao , Renata Ivanek , Martin Wiedmann

While there is clear potential for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to help improve food safety, the development and deployment of these models in the food safety domain are by and large lacking. The absence of publicly available databases that host well-curated datasets that can be used to develop and validate AI /ML models represents one likely barrier. Thus, we took three previously published datasets, which we further cleaned and annotated, and made them publicly available in a repository called Cornell Food Safety ML Repository. The selected datasets include (i) presence or absence of Listeria spp. in soil samples collected across the U.S. with paired metadata for soil properties, geolocation, climate, and surrounding land use, (ii) presence or absence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in young chicken carcasses tested in processing facilities with associated meteorological and temporal metadata, and (iii) presence or absence of fecal contamination as well as E. coli concentration in New York watersheds with associated metadata for land use, water attributes, and meteorological factors. These datasets can serve as benchmark datasets for developing ML models. To demonstrate the utility of the repository, we developed customizable scripts as well as LazyPredict (a quick screening method) scripts for training different types of ML models using the shared datasets. While this repository provides an important starting point that will allow for the development and testing of ML models to predict foodborne pathogens contamination in different sources, the inclusion of further datasets is clearly needed to advance this field. This paper thus includes a call to action for the deposit of well-curated datasets that can be used for further development of predictive models in food safety. This paper will also discuss the benefits of such public databases, including the assessment of data-sharing scenarios using existing privacy-preserving techniques.

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引用次数: 0

What Lies Behind Mycotoxin Presence in Animal Feed? A Case Study☆

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100464

Maria-Eleni Dimitrakopoulou , George Marinos , Manos Karvounis , Giannis Stoitsis , Nikolaos Manouselis , Charalampos Thanopoulos , Chris Elliott

This study investigates seasonal trends and correlations among different mycotoxins in animal feed, employing time series analysis and Seasonal-Trend Decomposition using LOESS (STL) to uncover patterns and relationships. Data collected from Food Fortress, covering 2014–2024, include feed for ruminants, pigs, and poultry. The analysis reveals that seasonality accounts for less than 15% of the variability in mycotoxin levels, suggesting a limited seasonal influence. High deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in ram feed were attributed to specific management practices, while persistent DON levels in pig and poultry feed highlight the need for enhanced interventions. A strong correlation between DON and zearalenone (ZEN) was identified in pig and poultry feed. Over the study period, aflatoxin levels exhibited a slight increase, potentially linked to evolving climatic conditions, whereas DON and ZEN levels showed a slight decline. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between aflatoxin and ochratoxin levels suggests competitive interactions among fungal species, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate interactions of seasonal factors, management practices, and fungal ecology shaping mycotoxin contamination in animal feed. The study emphasizes the need for advanced mitigation strategies, including predictive modeling and artificial intelligence, to monitor and manage mycotoxin risks effectively at the regional level, ensuring feed safety and quality in the face of evolving environmental and management challenges.

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 in Mother Milk: A Meta-analysis, Meta-regression, and Infants’ Health Risk Assessment

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100462

Yadolah Fakhri , Vahid Ranaei , Zahra Pilevar , Maryam Sarkhosh , Mansour Sarafraz , Zohreh Abdi-Moghadam , Reihane Javid

Breast milk is a complete and nutritious food for newborns and infants, but it may be contaminated with Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), which endangers consumers’ health. Several studies from various regions have determined the concentration and prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk. In this study, an attempt was made to meta-analyze the concentration and prevalence of AFM₁ and estimate the health risk of infants. The concentration and prevalence of AFM₁ in the countries subgroup were meta-analyzed in the random effects model (REM), and also the effect over time on the prevalence of AFM₁ was determined by meta-regression. Finally, the human risk in infants was estimated via the margin of exposure (MOE_S) in different countries. The five countries with the highest prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk were observed in Jordan (100.00), Tanzania (100.00), Mexico (97.00%), Lebanon (93.69%), and Colombia (90.00%). The pooled prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk was 54.48%, 95% CI (42.99–65.73). The five countries with the highest concentration of AFM₁ in mother milk were observed: Egypt (570 µg/l), Sudan (413 µg/l), Cameroon (315.00 µg/l), Serbia (175 µg/l), and Tanzania (70 µg/l). The pooled prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk was 6.00, 95% CI (5.80–6.90(. Except for Egypt, infants in other countries are at an acceptable health risk (MOEs > 10,000). Considering the unacceptable risk due to the consumption of milk containing AFM₁ in Egypt, it is suggested that programs be carried out to control the quality of mother milk.

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study 作为 NAHMS 2021 年猪肠道研究的一部分，美国养猪场沙门氏菌的流行情况和特征。

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435

Stephanie C. Hempstead , Catherine A. Gensler , Charles A. Haley , Alyson M. Wiedenheft , James B. Robertson , Paula J. Fedorka-Cray , Megan E. Jacob

Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. Salmonella detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including S. Derby (34.1%) and S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with Salmonella isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm in vitro, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks.

沙门氏菌是导致全球动物和人类全身性疾病和胃肠道疾病的一个重要原因；它们对多种抗菌药的耐药性也越来越强，这可能有助于它们的治疗和控制。沙门氏菌还可以无症状地传播。作为美国农业部（USDA）国家动物健康监测系统（NAHMS）2021 年猪研究的一部分，本研究旨在调查美国养猪业，以确定和更新沙门氏菌流行率、抗菌药耐药性（AMR）、复制子分布和生物膜潜力的估计值。从 2021 年 11 月到 2022 年 4 月，共在 39 个地点收集了 1043 份 20 周及以上育成猪的粪便样本。沙门氏菌检测以培养为基础，抗菌药敏感性通过肉汤微量稀释法确定；复制子分型通过 PCR 完成。生物膜潜力采用水晶紫检测法进行评估，并与阳性对照菌株进行归一化。总体而言，猪粪便中沙门氏菌的流行率较低（3.9%；1,043 头中有 41 头），并由多种血清型组成，包括 S. Derby（34.1%）和 S. I 4,[5],12:i:-（22.0%），这在以前也曾发现过。61.0%的分离株对至少一种抗菌药产生耐药性，其中对四环素的耐药性最为普遍（53.7%）。在 26.8%的分离株中发现了多重耐药性（≥3 种抗菌药物）。检测到的最普遍的复制子类型是 IncHI2（24.4%）和 IncA/C（24.4%），这两种类型以前都与从猪体内分离出的沙门氏菌有关。大多数（85.4%）分离菌株在体外形成了一些生物膜，其特征为弱（36.6%）、中（39.0%）或强（9.8%），常见血清型或 AMR 模式之间没有重大关联。更新美国猪群中沙门氏菌流行率和特征的监测计划将为正在进行的农场和公共卫生工作提供信息，以降低动物和人类健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-contamination Risks in Dry Produce Packinghouses: Efficacy of Alcohol-based Sanitizers to Reduce Salmonella and Potential Surrogates on Relevant Surface Materials 干货包装车间的交叉污染风险：酒精基杀菌剂减少相关表面材料上沙门氏菌和潜在替代品的功效

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100443

Alexandra Nerney , Stuart Reitz , Jovana Kovacevic , Joy Waite-Cusic

A 2020 Salmonella outbreak was epidemiologically linked to red onions; however, insufficient cleaning and sanitation in the packinghouse expanded the recall to include all onions handled by the packing house in the preceding 3 months. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of dry sanitizers to reduce cross-contamination risk on food contact surfaces (FCSs) found in postharvest packing areas. Transfer of Salmonella and potential surrogates (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium) to and from onions to FCS materials (high-density polypropylene, polyester-nylon conveyor belts, plywood) was quantified. Transfer rates from inoculated onions to FCS were highly variable, but did not differ by surface, averaging −1.19 log %. Transfer rates from contaminated FCS to uninoculated onions averaged 0.2 log %, with 40% (31/81) of onions having no detectable transfer. Onion variety, surface type, and species did not influence the transfer rate (p > 0.05). Commercial sanitizers and alcohol solutions were tested for efficacy of reducing targeted bacteria on FCS. Reductions were quantified after 30 s and after drying (15 min). High alcohol sanitizers (∼60%) achieved a 5-log reduction on HDPE after drying. Lower alcohol (<30%) products were ineffective (<2-log reduction). E. coli and Salmonella were comparable in sensitivity to sanitizers, but E. faecium was more sensitive (p < 0.05). Transfer and sanitizer evaluation was scaled to investigate cross-contamination in postharvest storage bins (plastic and wood). With no sanitation, inoculated plastic bin contact resulted in contamination of 49–71% of onions. Use of ∼60% alcohol solutions reduced contamination to <4% of onions (p < 0.05). Low-alcohol product significantly increased cross-contamination to 86–100% of onions (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of validating sanitizer efficacy to quantify microbial reduction and cross-contamination risk on produce contact surfaces.

2020年沙门氏菌爆发在流行病学上与红洋葱有关；然而，由于包装车间的清洁和卫生条件不足，召回范围扩大到该包装车间在前3个月处理过的所有洋葱。我们的目的是评估干式杀菌剂在减少收获后包装区域食品接触面交叉污染风险方面的功效。对沙门氏菌和潜在的替代菌（大肠杆菌、屎肠球菌）在洋葱中的转移和从洋葱到FCS材料（高密度聚丙烯、聚酯-尼龙传送带、胶合板）的转移进行了量化。从接种洋葱到FCS的转移率变化很大，但表面差异不大，平均为-1.19 log %。受污染的FCS向未接种洋葱的转移率平均为0.2 log %，其中40%（31/81）的洋葱没有可检测到的转移。洋葱品种、表面类型和品种对转移率无显著影响（p < 0.05）。测试了商业消毒剂和酒精溶液减少FCS上目标细菌的功效。30s后和干燥15min后定量测定还原量。高酒精消毒剂（约60%）干燥后HDPE减少了5倍。低度酒精(

{"title":"Cross-contamination Risks in Dry Produce Packinghouses: Efficacy of Alcohol-based Sanitizers to Reduce Salmonella and Potential Surrogates on Relevant Surface Materials","authors":"Alexandra Nerney , Stuart Reitz , Jovana Kovacevic , Joy Waite-Cusic","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 2020 <em>Salmonella</em> outbreak was epidemiologically linked to red onions; however, insufficient cleaning and sanitation in the packinghouse expanded the recall to include all onions handled by the packing house in the preceding 3 months. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of dry sanitizers to reduce cross-contamination risk on food contact surfaces (FCSs) found in postharvest packing areas. Transfer of <em>Salmonella</em> and potential surrogates (<em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>) to and from onions to FCS materials (high-density polypropylene, polyester-nylon conveyor belts, plywood) was quantified. Transfer rates from inoculated onions to FCS were highly variable, but did not differ by surface, averaging −1.19 log %. Transfer rates from contaminated FCS to uninoculated onions averaged 0.2 log %, with 40% (31/81) of onions having no detectable transfer. Onion variety, surface type, and species did not influence the transfer rate (<em>p ></em> 0.05). Commercial sanitizers and alcohol solutions were tested for efficacy of reducing targeted bacteria on FCS. Reductions were quantified after 30 s and after drying (15 min). High alcohol sanitizers (∼60%) achieved a 5-log reduction on HDPE after drying. Lower alcohol (<30%) products were ineffective (<2-log reduction). <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Salmonella</em> were comparable in sensitivity to sanitizers, but <em>E. faecium</em> was more sensitive (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Transfer and sanitizer evaluation was scaled to investigate cross-contamination in postharvest storage bins (plastic and wood). With no sanitation, inoculated plastic bin contact resulted in contamination of 49–71% of onions. Use of ∼60% alcohol solutions reduced contamination to <4% of onions (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Low-alcohol product significantly increased cross-contamination to 86–100% of onions (<em>p</em> < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of validating sanitizer efficacy to quantify microbial reduction and cross-contamination risk on produce contact surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 2","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Tetracycline Residues in Layer Eggs in Haryana, India 印度哈里亚纳邦产蛋中四环素残留的发生及风险评估。

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100449

Khushbu Bishnoi, Pallavi Moudgil, Deepak Soni, Vijay J. Jadhav

Antibiotics are extensively used in layer flocks for the prevention of diseases and to enhance their growth and production. However, their nonprudent use is leading to the occurrence of residues in eggs. The present study aimed at the detection of tetracycline group residues in egg samples collected from layer farms located in Haryana, India, and human health risk assessment. A total of 100 pooled egg samples were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet detector for the detection of tetracycline group residues. Out of 100 pooled samples, 13 (13%) were found to be contaminated with tetracycline residues (12 for chlortetracycline and one for tetracycline). Of these, five (38.5%) samples (one for tetracycline and four for chlortetracycline) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. The risk assessment based on the per capita availability of eggs in Haryana revealed that the current levels of residues in eggs pose no significant toxicological effects on the consumer’s health. The residues exceeding MRL indicate nonprudent use of antibiotics in veterinary practices, which could lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. There is a need to generate awareness among farmers toward judicious antibiotic usage in layer birds and adherence to withdrawal periods to prevent the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance.

抗生素在蛋鸡群中广泛使用，以预防疾病和促进蛋鸡的生长和产量。然而，它们的不谨慎使用导致鸡蛋中残留的发生。本研究旨在检测印度哈里亚纳邦蛋鸡养殖场鸡蛋样品中的四环素类残留，并进行人体健康风险评估。采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器对100份鸡蛋样品进行四环素基残留检测。在100个汇集的样本中，发现13个（13%）被四环素残留物污染（12个为金四素，1个为四环素）。其中，5个（38.5%）样品（1个为四环素，4个为金四素）超过了印度食品安全和标准局规定的最大残留限量（MRL）。根据哈里亚纳邦人均鸡蛋供应量进行的风险评估显示，鸡蛋中目前的残留水平对消费者的健康没有重大的毒理学影响。残留超过MRL表明在兽医实践中不谨慎使用抗生素，这可能导致抗生素耐药性的出现。有必要提高农民对蛋鸡明智使用抗生素的认识，并遵守停药期，以防止抗生素耐药性问题不断升级。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Meat and Milk in Northeastern Italy 意大利东北部肉类和牛奶中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的流行和特征。

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100442

Debora Pinamonti , Marisa Manzano , Michela Maifreni , Silvia Bianco , Beki Domi , Alessia Ferrin , Jamila Anba-Mondoloni , Julien Dechamps , Roman Briandet , Jasmina Vidic

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic microorganism often found in animal-derived foods and is known for its ability to readily develop resistance to antibiotic treatments. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus strains in raw milk and meat in Italy and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm production. Among the meat isolates, 41.67% were resistant to ampicillin, and 25% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In milk, 20% of the isolates were resistant to gentamycin, while 5.71% were MRSA. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was higher in meat (16.67%) compared to milk (5.71%). The biofilm formation capability was assessed in most of the isolates (80% in milk and 100% in meat). Representative strains exhibiting different antibiotic resistance profiles were all negative for the enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see, but harbored potential virulence factors such as hemolytic activity, high pigmentation, low cell envelop permeability, charged and hydrophobicity. Finally, the interaction of representative strains with human Caco-2 intestinal cell line showed that most strains had an adhesion capacity. Our findings reveal that foodborne isolates of S. aureus present a considerable threat to consumers due to their production of virulence factors, which enhance their pathogenicity and increase the likelihood of antibiotic treatment failures.

金黄色葡萄球菌是一种经常在动物源性食品中发现的致病微生物，因其容易对抗生素治疗产生耐药性而闻名。本研究旨在确定意大利原料牛奶和肉类中金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的流行情况，并评估其抗生素耐药性和生物膜产量。肉用分离菌中，41.67%对氨苄西林耐药，25%对甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）耐药。牛奶中20%的分离株对庆大霉素耐药，5.71%的分离株对MRSA耐药。多药耐药菌株在肉类中的流行率（16.67%）高于牛奶（5.71%）。对大多数菌株的生物膜形成能力进行了评估（牛奶中80%，肉类中100%）。具有不同抗生素耐药谱的代表性菌株均为肠毒素基因sea、seb、sec、sed和see阴性，但具有溶血活性、高色素沉着、低细胞膜通透性、带电性和疏水性等潜在毒力因子。最后，代表性菌株与人Caco-2肠道细胞系的相互作用表明，大多数菌株具有粘附能力。我们的研究结果表明，金黄色葡萄球菌的食源性分离株对消费者构成相当大的威胁，因为它们产生毒力因子，从而增强其致病性并增加抗生素治疗失败的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of Training Intervention on Levels of Indicator Bacteria and Prevalence of Selected Pathogens in Raw Milk From Smallholder Women Dairy Farmers in Central Ethiopia 培训干预对埃塞俄比亚中部小农妇女奶农原料奶中指示菌水平和选定病原体流行率的影响。

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100446

Achenef Melaku Beyene , Seleshe Nigatu , Juan C. Archila-Godinez , Kebede Amenu , Barbara Kowalcyk , Desalegne Degefaw , Binyam Mogess , Baye Gelaw , Mucheye Gizachew , Araya Mengistu , Ahmed G. Abdelhamid , James Barkley , Ahmed Yousef

Contamination of milk is a serious public health risk, particularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Training is a tool for improving the quality and safety of milk. However, its effect on the microbial quality and safety of milk has not been well documented. This study assessed the impact of training interventions on the microbial quality and safety of milk, with a specific focus on smallholder dairy farms. The study was conducted from January to June 2022 in four locations in Central Ethiopia. Milk samples were collected from 120 dairy farmers one week before and four to six weeks after the training and analyzed for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Salmonella enterica, and Campylobacter jejuni. Total and thermotolerant coliforms were determined by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method; categorized as high (≥1,001 MPN/ml), medium (101 10³ MPN/ml), low (21–10² MPN/ml), and very low (≤20 MPN/ml); and analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Prevalence of E. coli, STEC, S. enterica, and C. jejuni in raw milk samples were 67, 12, 3, and 4% pretraining and 45, 4, 3, and 2% posttraining, respectively. The prevalence of E. coli (p = 0.0389) and STEC (p = 0.0005) was significantly lower posttraining compared to pretraining. Most samples had total coliform counts exceeding 10³ MPN/ml pretraining (71%); this proportion decreased to 62% posttraining. The estimated cumulative probability of being in the high category was marginally significantly higher (p = 0.0581) pretraining (76%) compared to posttraining (64%). In conclusion, reductions in the detection of some milk quality and safety parameters were observed. However, a considerable proportion of the milk samples were highly contaminated even after the training. Hence, comprehensive and continued risk mitigation strategies are needed to ensure milk safety for consumers.

牛奶污染是一个严重的公共健康风险，特别是在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家。培训是提高牛奶质量和安全的一种手段。然而，其对牛奶微生物质量和安全的影响还没有很好的文献记载。本研究评估了培训干预对牛奶微生物质量和安全的影响，并特别关注小农奶牛场。该研究于2022年1月至6月在埃塞俄比亚中部的四个地点进行。在培训前一周和培训后4 - 6周采集120名奶农的牛奶样本，分析总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）、肠沙门氏菌和空肠弯曲杆菌。采用最可能数（MPN）法测定总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群；分为高（≥1001 MPN/ml）、中（101 ~ 103 MPN/ml）、低（21 ~ 102 MPN/ml）、极低（≤20 MPN/ml）；并采用广义线性混合模型进行分析。训练前原料奶样品中大肠杆菌、产志贺毒素大肠杆菌、肠链球菌和空肠杆菌的检出率分别为67、12、3%和4%，训练后分别为45、4、3%和2%。与训练前相比，训练后大肠杆菌（p = 0.0389）和STEC （p = 0.0005）的患病率显著降低。大多数样品在训练前大肠菌总数超过103 MPN/ml (71%)；这一比例在培训后下降到62%。与训练后（64%）相比，训练前（76%）估计的高类别累积概率（p = 0.0581）略高（p = 0.0581）。总之，一些牛奶质量和安全参数的检测减少了。然而，即使在训练之后，相当一部分牛奶样本仍然受到高度污染。因此，需要全面和持续的风险缓解战略来确保消费者的牛奶安全。

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引用次数: 0