Journal of food protection最新文献_第7页

Influence of Takeout Packaging Systems and Storage Conditions on Microbiological, Chemical, and Sensory Properties of Turkey Meat 外卖包装系统和储存条件对火鸡肉微生物、化学和感官特性的影响。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100682

Anahita Arki , Karl Rohn , Barbara Lemke , Darleen Röpper , Madeleine Plötz , Nadja Jessberger , Lisa Siekmann

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in food delivery services due to the heightened demand for ready-to-eat meals. This study investigated the effects of different packaging systems and storage conditions on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory properties of turkey meat. Three packaging systems (open, semi-open, and sealed) were evaluated, and the samples were stored at three temperatures (6 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C) for various durations (30 min, 2 h, and 24 h). In addition to the investigation of noninoculated samples, separate experiments were conducted in which either the turkey meat or the inner surface of the packaging was inoculated to assess microbial behavior and the potential for cross-contamination. Noninoculated samples remained below the detection limit across all conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of thermal processing at 75 °C. Inoculation experiments with Escherichia (E.) coli, Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta, and Campylobacter (C.) jejuni revealed that packaging systems with minimal or no air exchange (semi-open, sealed packaging) promoted bacterial growth at higher temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C). After 24 h at 30 °C, E. coli and B. thermosphacta reached 6.0 – 8.5 log CFU/cm² in sealed packaging, while C. jejuni showed minimal growth (≤2.8 log CFU/cm²) due to its microaerophilic requirements. Open packaging limited bacterial growth, particularly at lower temperatures (6 °C). Sensory evaluation also showed significant differences regarding storage conditions. The study demonstrates that a short storage time in combination with low temperatures and packaging that allows for air exchange reduces the risk of foodborne illness most effectively. In contrast, packaging that allows minimal or no air exchange with the environment appears to be more favorable in terms of sensory attributes. These results highlighted the need to balance microbiological safety and sensory quality when selecting packaging systems for takeout meat products.

由于对即食食品的需求增加，2019冠状病毒病大流行导致外卖服务大幅增加。本研究考察了不同包装系统和储存条件对火鸡肉微生物学、化学和感官特性的影响。评估了三种包装系统（开放、半开放和密封），并将样品在三种温度（6°C、20°C、30°C）下保存不同时间（30分钟、2小时、24小时）。除了对未接种的样品进行调查外，还对火鸡肉或包装的内表面进行了单独的实验，以评估微生物的行为和交叉污染的可能性。未接种的样品在所有条件下均低于检测限，表明在75°C下进行热处理的有效性。大肠埃希菌（E.）、热裂Brochothrix （B.）和空肠弯曲杆菌（C.）的接种实验表明，在较高温度（20°C、30°C）下，很少或没有空气交换的包装系统（半开放式、密封包装）促进了细菌的生长。在30℃下保温24 h后，大肠杆菌和嗜热杆菌在密封包装中的生长可达6.0 ~ 8.5 log CFU/cm2，而空肠杆菌由于其嗜微气的需要，其生长最小（≤2.8 log CFU/cm2）。开放式包装限制细菌生长，特别是在较低的温度下（6°C）。感官评价也显示出贮藏条件的显著差异。研究表明，较短的储存时间与低温和允许空气交换的包装相结合，最有效地降低了食源性疾病的风险。相比之下，包装，允许最小或没有空气交换与环境似乎是更有利的感官属性方面。这些结果强调了在选择外卖肉制品包装系统时需要平衡微生物安全性和感官质量。

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引用次数: 0

The Concentration of Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Imported Rice (Oryza sativa): Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Iranian Population 进口稻米（Oryza sativa）中总砷、镉和铅的浓度：伊朗人口健康风险概率评估。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100674

Masoud Memar , Mehrdad Ahmadi , Ali Reza Darvishi Divanmorad , Zahra Esfandiari , Omid Rahmanian , Farshid Soleimani , Yadolah Fakhri

Toxic elements, such as total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), can accumulate in rice (Oryza sativa), posing significant health risks to consumers. This study aimed to quantify the concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in imported rice from India and Pakistan available in Iran and to evaluate the corresponding noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks via the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. Two hundred rice samples (150 from India and 50 from Pakistan) were collected from Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2023–2024. Samples were prepared, digested, and analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) to quantify the concentrations of heavy metals. Noncarcinogenic risks were estimated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). In contrast, the MCS model assessed carcinogenic risks using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and total incremental lifetime cancer risk (TILCR). The mean concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in Pakistani rice were 0.112 ± 0.035 mg/Kg, 0.041 ± 0.010 mg/Kg, and 0.062 ± 0.034 mg/Kg, respectively. In comparison, Indian rice exhibited lower levels at 0.077 ± 0.042 mg/Kg, 0.019 ± 0.012 mg/Kg, and 0.052 ± 0.038 mg/Kg, respectively. Both types of rice had As and Cd levels below the Iranian standard limits but posed significant health risks. Noncarcinogenic risk assessments revealed TTHQ values exceeding the safety threshold (TTHQ > 1) for both adults and children, with higher risks observed in children. Carcinogenic risk assessments indicated ILCR values above the acceptable limit (1.00E-04) for As and Cd, highlighting potential long-term cancer risks, particularly for children. The findings highlight significant noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, particularly for children, underscoring the need for stricter regulatory oversight of imported rice. Public health interventions, including dietary diversification and awareness campaigns, are recommended to mitigate exposure and protect vulnerable populations.

总砷（as）、镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）等有毒元素可在水稻（Oryza sativa）中积累，对消费者构成重大健康风险。本研究旨在量化伊朗可获得的印度和巴基斯坦进口大米中砷、镉和铅的浓度，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）模型评估相应的非致癌性和致癌性健康风险。2023-2024年期间，在伊朗阿巴斯港采集了200份水稻样本（150份来自印度，50份来自巴基斯坦）。样品的制备、消化和分析采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）定量重金属的浓度。使用目标危害商（THQ）和总目标危害商（TTHQ）估计非致癌风险。相比之下，MCS模型使用增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）和总增量终生癌症风险（TILCR）来评估致癌风险。巴基斯坦水稻中砷、镉和铅的平均浓度分别为0.112±0.035 mg/Kg、0.041±0.010 mg/Kg和0.062±0.034 mg/Kg。相比之下，印度水稻的含量较低，分别为0.077±0.042 mg/Kg、0.019±0.012 mg/Kg和0.052±0.038 mg/Kg。这两种大米的砷和镉含量都低于伊朗的标准限制，但构成了重大的健康风险。非致癌性风险评估显示，成人和儿童的TTHQ值均超过安全阈值（TTHQ bbb1），儿童的风险更高。致癌风险评估表明，砷和镉的ILCR值高于可接受限值（1.00E-04），突出了潜在的长期癌症风险，特别是对儿童。研究结果强调了重大的非致癌性和致癌性健康风险，特别是对儿童，强调了对进口大米进行更严格监管的必要性。建议采取公共卫生干预措施，包括饮食多样化和提高认识运动，以减少接触并保护弱势群体。

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引用次数: 0

Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus cereus Group Species in Powdered Infant Formula and Infant Cereal Using a Newly Developed Detection System 婴儿配方奶粉和婴儿谷物中蜡样芽孢杆菌群的分离与鉴定

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100677

Paul Tuan Nguyen , Tyler Chandross-Cohen , Jasna Kovac , Lawrence Restaino

Bacillus cereus group species are frequently detected at low levels in infant foods, including powdered infant formula and infant cereals. Although the infectious dose in neonates and infants has not been established, evidence suggests it may be approximately 1,000 CFU/g. When infant foods are exposed to temperature abuse, B. cereus group species could grow beyond acceptable limits, resulting in microbiologically unsafe products. Therefore, a detection scheme using an enrichment broth may be necessary to assess their potential risk in these critical foods. In this study, the R & F® Bacillus cereus Group Enrichment Broth was developed, and a detection scheme was evaluated for its efficacy in recovering low-level B. cereus group species from powdered infant formula and infant cereals. Additionally, we used whole genome sequencing to gain deeper insights into the genomic characteristics of the recovered isolates and performed in vitro cytotoxicity assays to assess their virulence potential. The detection scheme recovered B. cereus group species in 52% (26/50) of samples that had initially screened below 100 CFU/g, resulting in a predictive positive value (PPV) of 97.6% as confirmed by whole-genome sequencing of the recovered isolates. Cytotoxicity testing of selected isolates revealed varying levels of toxicity toward Caco-2 cells. The results demonstrate that the enrichment method effectively recovered potentially virulent B. cereus group strains, highlighting the need for regular monitoring of these species in infant foods, especially for vulnerable populations such as premature neonates and infants.

蜡样芽孢杆菌群经常在婴儿食品中检测到低水平，包括婴儿配方奶粉和婴儿谷物。虽然新生儿和婴儿的感染剂量尚未确定，但有证据表明可能约为1,000 CFU/g。当婴儿食品暴露于温度滥用时，蜡样芽孢杆菌群物种可能生长超过可接受的限度，导致微生物不安全的产品。因此，一种使用浓缩肉汤的检测方案可能是必要的，以评估它们在这些关键食品中的潜在风险。本研究开发了R & F®蜡样芽孢杆菌群浓缩肉汤，并对其在婴儿配方奶粉和婴儿谷物中检测低水平蜡样芽孢杆菌群的效果进行了评价。此外，我们使用全基因组测序来深入了解回收的分离株的基因组特征，并进行体外细胞毒性试验来评估其毒力潜力。该检测方案在最初筛选低于100 CFU/g的样品中检出了52%（26/50）的灰状芽孢杆菌群，对检出的分离株进行全基因组测序，预测阳性率（PPV）为97.6%。选定的分离株的细胞毒性测试显示对Caco-2细胞的毒性程度不同。结果表明，该富集方法有效地回收了潜在毒性蜡样芽孢杆菌群菌株，强调了对婴儿食品中这些物种进行定期监测的必要性，特别是对早产儿和婴儿等易感人群。

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引用次数: 0

The Added Value of Brilliance GBS Agar for Screening Bulk Tank Milk for Streptococcus agalactiae 华晨GBS琼脂在散装罐乳中筛选无乳链球菌的附加价值。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100685

Annet E. Heuvelink , Alessandro Bellato , Manon Holstege , Theo J.G.M. Lam

This study aimed to evaluate the added value of chromogenic Brilliance^TM GBS Agar to the generally used modified Edwards medium for the isolation of S. agalactiae from bovine bulk tank milk (BTM) samples in programs to monitor udder health and hygiene in dairy farms. During 10 BTM sampling rounds in a one-year study period, BTM samples were examined for the presence of S. agalactiae using both, modified Edwards medium and Brilliance^TM GBS Agar. The prevalence of S. agalactiae per sampling round based on modified Edwards medium alone varied from 0.7% to 2.1%, and based on the combination of modified Edwards medium and Brilliance^TM GBS Agar from 2.3% to 2.8% of samples. Of 1,352 herds with culture results available for all 10 sampling rounds, 59 (4.4%) tested positive for S. agalactiae at least once; 79.7% of these 59 herds were identified on modified Edwards medium and 93.2% on Brilliance^TM GBS Agar. Using both agars, the percentage of herds with at least one negative culture result between positive results decreased from 68.1% to 53.2% of positive herds, thus leading to a more consistent herd-level S. agalactiae diagnosis. However, for 10.6% of the herds, an irregular S. agalactiae culture result was introduced by using both agars. The use of Brilliance^TM GBS Agar makes the work of technicians easier and quicker in comparison with modified Edwards medium. For optimal sensitivity of S. agalactiae and of other streptococci(−like) bacteria, the combination of the two agars is needed.

本研究旨在评价显色型BrillianceTM GBS琼脂在牛乳样品中分离无乳链球菌的附加价值，以监测奶牛的乳房健康和卫生。在为期一年的研究期间，在10轮BTM取样中，使用改良Edwards培养基和BrillianceTM GBS琼脂检测BTM样品中有无无乳链球菌。单独使用改良Edwards培养基时，每轮取样无乳链球菌的流行率为0.7% ~ 2.1%，而使用改良Edwards培养基和BrillianceTM GBS琼脂的组合取样时，每轮取样无乳链球菌的流行率为2.3% ~ 2.8%。在所有10轮取样均获得培养结果的1352头畜群中，59头（4.4%）至少一次检测出无乳链球菌阳性；其中79.7%在改良Edwards培养基上鉴定，93.2%在BrillianceTM GBS琼脂上鉴定。使用这两种琼脂，在阳性结果之间至少有一个阴性培养结果的畜群百分比从阳性畜群的68.1%下降到53.2%，从而导致更一致的畜群水平无乳链球菌诊断。然而，10.6%的畜群在两种琼脂同时使用的情况下无乳链球菌培养结果不规则。与改良的爱德华兹培养基相比，使用BrillianceTM GBS琼脂使技术人员的工作更容易，更快。为了获得最佳的无乳链球菌和其他链球菌（样）细菌的敏感性，需要两种琼脂的组合。

{"title":"The Added Value of Brilliance GBS Agar for Screening Bulk Tank Milk for Streptococcus agalactiae","authors":"Annet E. Heuvelink , Alessandro Bellato , Manon Holstege , Theo J.G.M. Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the added value of chromogenic <em>Brilliance</em><sup>TM</sup> GBS Agar to the generally used modified Edwards medium for the isolation of <em>S. agalactiae</em> from bovine bulk tank milk (BTM) samples in programs to monitor udder health and hygiene in dairy farms. During 10 BTM sampling rounds in a one-year study period, BTM samples were examined for the presence of <em>S. agalactiae</em> using both, modified Edwards medium and <em>Brilliance</em><sup>TM</sup> GBS Agar. The prevalence of <em>S. agalactiae</em> per sampling round based on modified Edwards medium alone varied from 0.7% to 2.1%, and based on the combination of modified Edwards medium and <em>Brilliance</em><sup>TM</sup> GBS Agar from 2.3% to 2.8% of samples. Of 1,352 herds with culture results available for all 10 sampling rounds, 59 (4.4%) tested positive for <em>S. agalactiae</em> at least once; 79.7% of these 59 herds were identified on modified Edwards medium and 93.2% on <em>Brilliance</em><sup>TM</sup> GBS Agar. Using both agars, the percentage of herds with at least one negative culture result between positive results decreased from 68.1% to 53.2% of positive herds, thus leading to a more consistent herd-level <em>S. agalactiae</em> diagnosis. However, for 10.6% of the herds, an irregular <em>S. agalactiae</em> culture result was introduced by using both agars. The use of <em>Brilliance</em><sup>TM</sup> GBS Agar makes the work of technicians easier and quicker in comparison with modified Edwards medium. For optimal sensitivity of <em>S. agalactiae</em> and of other streptococci(−like) bacteria, the combination of the two agars is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 1","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Administering a Bioprotective Strain to Live Fish in Aquaculture Prevents the Growth of Listeria and Spoilage Bacteria on the Processed Fillets 在水产养殖中对活鱼施用生物保护菌株可防止李斯特菌和变质细菌在加工过的鱼片上生长。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100679

Stephen Knobloch , Sabrina Mace , Sigurlaug Skirnisdóttir , Jules Lagirarde , Alexandra María Klonowski , Laetitia Kolypczuk , Delphine Passerini , Viggó Þ. Marteinsson , Françoise Leroi

Seafood is prone to rapid spoilage and transmission of foodborne diseases. Here, we investigate the effect of the bioprotective strain Carnobacterium divergens V41 on the health of on-growing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and spoilage of its fillets throughout storage. The strain was administered throughout a three-month growth period and applied to the water in the fish tanks prior to harvest to assess its impact on animal health, shelf-life properties of the processed fillets, and growth inhibition of Listeria. Administering the strain through feed for three months had no adverse effect on the farmed fish, and no significant differences were detected in growth or mortality between the treatment and control groups. However, adding C. divergens V41 to the tank water prior to harvesting markedly changed the fillet microbiome, suppressing the growth of spoilage organisms and thereby possibly extending the shelf-life period. A Listeria challenge test demonstrated that exposure of the fish to C. divergens V41 prior to harvesting and processing resulted in over 99.9 % inhibition of Listeria growth on the fillets over a 21-day period, compared with the control group. This is the first study to show that administering a bioprotective strain to live farmed fish can have a bioprotective effect on fish fillets after processing. This is a simple method to modify the food microbiome of a rapidly perishable product without specialized equipment, thereby increasing food safety and reducing food waste.

海鲜容易迅速变质和传播食源性疾病。在这里，我们研究了生物保护菌株发散肉杆菌V41对生长中的大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）健康和其鱼片在储存过程中的腐败的影响。在三个月的生长期内施用该菌株，并在收获前将其应用于鱼缸中的水，以评估其对动物健康的影响、加工鱼片的保质期特性以及对李斯特菌的生长抑制作用。通过饲料喂养该菌株三个月对养殖鱼没有不良影响，并且在处理组和对照组之间的生长或死亡率没有发现显着差异。然而，在收获前将C. divergens V41添加到水箱水中显著改变了鱼片微生物组，抑制了腐败生物的生长，从而可能延长货架期。李斯特菌攻毒试验表明，与对照组相比，在收获和加工前将鱼暴露于发散c菌V41，在21天的时间内，鱼片上的李斯特菌生长抑制率超过99.9%。这是第一个研究表明，对养殖活鱼施用生物保护菌株可以对加工后的鱼片产生生物保护作用。这是一种简单的方法，可以在没有专门设备的情况下修改快速易腐产品的食品微生物群，从而提高食品安全性并减少食物浪费。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of a Natural Antimicrobial System as a Protective Hurdle Against Listeria monocytogenes and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Sliced Fully Cooked Coarse-Ground Cured Brazilian Calabrese Pork Sausage 天然抗菌系统在巴西卡拉布雷斯猪肉香肠中对单核细胞增生李斯特菌和乳酸菌的保护作用。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100657

Maria Stella de Azevedo Gonçalves, Ana Lúcia da Silva Correa Lemos, Marcia Mayumi Harada Haguiwara, Beatriz Thie Iamanaka, Renata Bromberg

Meat products, such as sliced Calabrese sausage, are widely consumed due to their convenience and affordability. In response to the increasing demand for healthier foods, the meat industry has sought to replace synthetic additives, particularly nitrites, with natural, clean-label alternatives, especially in cured products. Vegetables such as celery, beetroot, and Swiss chard, naturally rich in endogenous nitrates, have shown promising potential in this context. This study evaluated the effect of different antimicrobial compounds on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked, sliced Calabrese sausage stored at 4 °C for 75 days. Two inoculum levels (2.0 and 4.0 log CFU/g) were used to assess pathogen behavior. The alternative treatment, comprising preconverted celery juice extract, acerola powder, and cultured sugar and vinegar blend, consistently inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at both inoculation levels. Additionally, this treatment suppressed the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which were monitored as spoilage indicators. The results suggest that the use of alternative antimicrobial additives, combined with intrinsic product characteristics such as a pH of 5.78 and water activity (a_w) below 0.948, constitutes an effective strategy for controlling L. monocytogenes in sliced cooked pork sausage. Consequently, this approach may enhance food safety and extend product shelf life during refrigerated storage.

肉类产品，如切成薄片的卡拉布雷斯香肠，因其方便和负担得起而被广泛消费。为了满足对健康食品日益增长的需求，肉类行业一直在寻求用天然的、标签清洁的替代品，特别是在腌制产品中，取代合成添加剂，特别是亚硝酸盐。芹菜、甜菜根和瑞士甜菜等天然富含内源性硝酸盐的蔬菜在这方面显示出了很大的潜力。本研究评估了不同的抗菌化合物对煮熟的、切片的卡拉布雷斯香肠中单核细胞增生李斯特菌生长的影响，并在4℃下保存了75天。两种接种水平（2.0和4.0 log CFU/g）用于评估病原体行为。替代处理包括预先转化的芹菜汁提取物、针叶提取物和培养的糖和醋混合物，在两个接种水平上都能持续抑制单核细胞增生乳杆菌的生长。此外，该处理还抑制了乳酸菌（LAB）的生长，乳酸菌被监测为腐败指标。结果表明，在pH值为5.78、水活度（aw）小于0.948的条件下，采用替代抗菌添加剂可有效控制猪肉切片肠中的单核细胞增生乳杆菌。因此，这种方法可以提高食品安全性，延长产品在冷藏储存期间的保质期。

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引用次数: 0

Long-Term Survival of Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formula Based on Relative Humidity 基于相对湿度的婴儿配方粉中坂崎克罗诺杆菌、肠沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特菌和肠杆菌的长期存活。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100670

Megan L. Fay , Bashayer A. Khouja , Robert Newkirk , Emily Smith , Jodie Ulaszek , Diana S. Stewart , Joelle K. Salazar

Powdered infant formula (PIF) has previously been shown to support the survival of bacterial foodborne pathogens including Cronobacter sakazakii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica at various storage temperatures. However, the effect of long-term storage on bacterial survival under different relative humidity (RH) conditions is not well understood. In this study, milk-based powdered infant formula (water activity (a_w) = 0.27) was inoculated individually with cocktails of Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter spp., Cronobacter sakazakii, or Listeria monocytogenes and stored at 25 °C under controlled relative humidity (RH) levels of 23, 33, 43, 53, or 75%. Bacterial populations and PIF a_w were measured at intervals up to 360 days. The highest a_w of 0.39 was recorded for PIF stored under 75% RH after 90 d or at 53% RH after 360 d; however, these levels also resulted in significant bacterial population reductions of >1 log CFU/g after 60–120 d and 60–180 d, respectively, with L. monocytogenes being the least desiccation-resistant of those tested. RH levels between 23 and 43% did not result in a significant change in a_w over 360 d; however, bacterial populations did decrease, but to a lesser extent than for the higher RH levels. Population reductions for all bacteria were ≤3.50 log CFU/g after 360 d. All four bacteria examined in this study persisted in PIF for ≥90 d without a significant decrease in population regardless of RH storage conditions.

婴儿配方粉（PIF）先前已被证明支持细菌性食源性病原体，包括阪崎克罗诺杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和肠沙门氏菌在不同储存温度下的存活。然而，在不同相对湿度（RH）条件下，长期储存对细菌存活的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，以奶粉为基础的婴儿配方奶粉（水活度(aw) = 0.27）分别接种肠沙门氏菌、肠杆菌、阪崎克罗诺杆菌或单核增生李斯特菌的混合物，并在25°C下保存，控制相对湿度（RH）水平为23%、33%、43%、53%或75%。每隔360天测量一次细菌数量和PIF法。在75% RH和53% RH条件下贮藏90 d和360 d的PIF中，抗旱性最高，分别为0.39，但这些水平也导致细菌数量在60-120 d和60-180 d后分别显著减少>.1 log CFU/g，其中单核增生乳杆菌的抗旱性最低。RH水平在23-43%之间，在360 d内没有导致aw的显著变化，但细菌数量确实减少，但程度低于较高的RH水平。360天后，所有细菌的种群数量减少≤3.50 log CFU/g。无论RH储存条件如何，本研究中检测的所有四种细菌在PIF中持续≥90 d，种群数量均未显著减少。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Antibacterial Mechanism of Garviecin LG34 Against S. Aureus and L. Monocytogenes and its Application in Milk Preservation” [J. Food Prot. 87 (2024) 100345] Garviecin LG34对金黄色葡萄球菌和单核增生乳杆菌的抑菌机理及其在牛奶保鲜中的应用[J]。食品学报，87(2024)[100345]。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100669

Yurong Gao, Dapeng Li

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a Coinoculation Method for Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on Whole and Broken Almonds Exposed to Dry Heat 干热下整粒杏仁和碎粒杏仁肠道沙门氏菌和粪肠球菌NRRL B-2354共接种方法的研究

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100644

Yucen Xie , Christopher Theofel , Vanessa Lieberman , Linda J. Harris

Traditional laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies often involve inoculating each organism onto separate samples, which can subsequently introduce variability due to differences in food microenvironments and processing conditions. Coinoculating pathogens and surrogates onto the same sample minimizes this variability by subjecting both microorganisms to identical conditions. This study evaluated a coinoculation method for comparing the thermal resistance of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium on whole and broken almonds exposed to 168 °C for up to 12 min. Selective media were validated for accurate differentiation and enumeration of coinoculated wild-type or rifampin-resistant Salmonella and E. faecium on almonds. The media reliably distinguished and quantified each organism, with no cross-recovery observed. Reductions in Salmonella were not significantly different between wild-type and rifampin-resistant strains, nor between CHROMagar Salmonella and tryptic soy agar supplemented with rifampin at 50 μg/mL (P > 0.05). E. faecium demonstrated similar or greater thermal resistance compared to coinoculated Salmonella, supporting its use as a surrogate during dry heat treatment of almonds. While no significant difference in Salmonella reduction was observed between whole and broken almonds, greater reductions of E. faecium were observed on broken almonds, suggesting that almond structure may influence microbial thermal responses in a species-dependent manner. The findings support the utility of coinoculation for laboratory-based pathogen-surrogate comparison studies.

传统的基于实验室的病原体替代物比较研究通常涉及将每种生物接种到单独的样品上，这可能随后由于食品微环境和加工条件的差异而引入变异。将病原体和代物共同接种到同一样品上，使两种微生物处于相同的条件下，从而最大限度地减少了这种可变性。本研究采用共接种的方法，比较了整粒杏仁和碎粒杏仁在168°C下加热12 min后，肠道沙门氏菌和屎肠球菌的耐热性。选择培养基对杏仁上共接种的野生型或耐利福平沙门氏菌和粪肠杆菌进行了准确的鉴别和计数。培养基可靠地区分和量化了每种生物，没有观察到交叉恢复。50 μg/mL添加利福平的CHROMagar沙门氏菌与色浆大豆琼脂菌对沙门氏菌的减少量无显著差异（P < 0.05）。与共接种的沙门氏菌相比，粪杆菌表现出类似或更大的耐热性，支持其作为杏仁干热处理的替代品。虽然整个杏仁和碎杏仁中沙门氏菌的减少量没有显著差异，但碎杏仁中粪肠杆菌的减少量更大，这表明杏仁的结构可能以一种依赖的方式影响微生物的热反应。研究结果支持共接种在实验室病原体-替代物比较研究中的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid Sampling and Ensemble Learning for Food Safety Sampling Inspection Classification 食品安全抽样检验分类的混合抽样与集成学习。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100650

Ke Qin , Xiaoting Dai , Linhai Wu

Food safety sampling inspection is critical for risk prevention in complex supply chains. However, extreme class imbalance, where unqualified samples are significantly outnumbered by qualified ones, biases machine learning (ML) models to prioritize majority classes, compromising unqualified sample detection. Conventional oversampling methods fail to handle food inspection data’s nonlinear features, complex distributions, and multiclass scenarios, often generating low-quality synthetic samples and noisy decision boundaries. To address these challenges, we proposed LOF-KNN-CSENN (Local Outlier Factor-K-Nearest Neighbors-Combined Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and Edited Nearest Neighbors), a hybrid sampling algorithm of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Edited Nearest Neighbors (ENN) integrating Local Outlier Factor (LOF) for noise filtering and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) for boundary sample preservation. LOF-KNN-CSENN synergizes minority oversampling and majority undersampling to optimize data distribution. A stacking ensemble learning framework is further introduced, combining six tree-based models with Logistic Regression (LR) as a meta model to enhance classification robustness. Experiments on a real-world food safety sampling inspection dataset demonstrated that LOF-KNN-CSENN suppresses noisy sample synthesis and balances data distribution. When integrated with stacking, the model achieves 0.4–5.6% higher precision and 0.8–30.7% higher F1-score compared to single models. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis identified production address, sampling stage, and location as key risk factors, supporting targeted supervision. This study provides a novel framework for intelligent food safety regulation, leveraging hybrid sampling and ensemble learning to mitigate class imbalance and enhance unqualified sample detection in multicategory food inspection.

在复杂的供应链中，食品安全抽样检查是防范风险的关键。然而，极端的类不平衡，即不合格样本的数量明显超过合格样本，会使机器学习（ML）模型优先考虑大多数类别，从而影响不合格样本的检测。传统的过采样方法无法处理食品检验数据的非线性特征、复杂分布和多类场景，往往产生低质量的合成样本和有噪声的决策边界。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了LOF-KNN- csenn（局部离群因子- k近邻-结合合成少数过采样技术和编辑近邻），这是一种合成少数过采样技术（SMOTE）和编辑近邻（ENN）的混合采样算法，该算法集成了局部离群因子（LOF）进行噪声滤波和k近邻（KNN）进行边界样本保存。LOF-KNN-CSENN将少数过采样和多数欠采样协同起来，优化数据分布。进一步介绍了一个堆叠集成学习框架，将6个基于树的模型与逻辑回归（LR）作为元模型相结合，以增强分类稳健性。在实际食品安全抽样检验数据集上的实验表明，LOF-KNN-CSENN抑制了噪声样本合成，平衡了数据分布。与单一模型相比，与叠加相结合，模型精度提高0.4-5.6%，f1评分提高0.8-30.7%。Shapley加性解释（SHAP）分析将生产地址、取样阶段和地点确定为关键风险因素，支持有针对性的监管。本研究为智能食品安全监管提供了一个新的框架，利用混合采样和集成学习来缓解多品类食品检验中的类别不平衡，提高不合格样本的检测能力。

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引用次数: 0