Journal of food protection最新文献_第7页

Efficacy of a Natural Antimicrobial System as a Protective Hurdle Against Listeria monocytogenes and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Sliced Fully Cooked Coarse-Ground Cured Brazilian Calabrese Pork Sausage 天然抗菌系统在巴西卡拉布雷斯猪肉香肠中对单核细胞增生李斯特菌和乳酸菌的保护作用。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100657

Maria Stella de Azevedo Gonçalves, Ana Lúcia da Silva Correa Lemos, Marcia Mayumi Harada Haguiwara, Beatriz Thie Iamanaka, Renata Bromberg

Meat products, such as sliced Calabrese sausage, are widely consumed due to their convenience and affordability. In response to the increasing demand for healthier foods, the meat industry has sought to replace synthetic additives, particularly nitrites, with natural, clean-label alternatives, especially in cured products. Vegetables such as celery, beetroot, and Swiss chard, naturally rich in endogenous nitrates, have shown promising potential in this context. This study evaluated the effect of different antimicrobial compounds on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked, sliced Calabrese sausage stored at 4 °C for 75 days. Two inoculum levels (2.0 and 4.0 log CFU/g) were used to assess pathogen behavior. The alternative treatment, comprising preconverted celery juice extract, acerola powder, and cultured sugar and vinegar blend, consistently inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at both inoculation levels. Additionally, this treatment suppressed the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which were monitored as spoilage indicators. The results suggest that the use of alternative antimicrobial additives, combined with intrinsic product characteristics such as a pH of 5.78 and water activity (a_w) below 0.948, constitutes an effective strategy for controlling L. monocytogenes in sliced cooked pork sausage. Consequently, this approach may enhance food safety and extend product shelf life during refrigerated storage.

肉类产品，如切成薄片的卡拉布雷斯香肠，因其方便和负担得起而被广泛消费。为了满足对健康食品日益增长的需求，肉类行业一直在寻求用天然的、标签清洁的替代品，特别是在腌制产品中，取代合成添加剂，特别是亚硝酸盐。芹菜、甜菜根和瑞士甜菜等天然富含内源性硝酸盐的蔬菜在这方面显示出了很大的潜力。本研究评估了不同的抗菌化合物对煮熟的、切片的卡拉布雷斯香肠中单核细胞增生李斯特菌生长的影响，并在4℃下保存了75天。两种接种水平（2.0和4.0 log CFU/g）用于评估病原体行为。替代处理包括预先转化的芹菜汁提取物、针叶提取物和培养的糖和醋混合物，在两个接种水平上都能持续抑制单核细胞增生乳杆菌的生长。此外，该处理还抑制了乳酸菌（LAB）的生长，乳酸菌被监测为腐败指标。结果表明，在pH值为5.78、水活度（aw）小于0.948的条件下，采用替代抗菌添加剂可有效控制猪肉切片肠中的单核细胞增生乳杆菌。因此，这种方法可以提高食品安全性，延长产品在冷藏储存期间的保质期。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Court Cold Noodles and Associated Contact Surfaces in Korea 韩国食品广场冷面及相关接触面中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的流行及特征。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100661

Jeong-Eun Lee, Min Joo Kim, Juhee Park, Yong Sun Cho

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can survive at refrigerated temperatures. However, data on L. monocytogenes contamination in food court settings are lacking. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in cold food court noodles and their manufacturing environments in South Korea. One hundred eighty-two samples, including 168 ready-to-eat (RTE) cold noodle products, 1 noodle, 1 cold noodle broth, 4 garnishes, and 8 environmental swab samples, were collected from 44 large supermarket food courts and analyzed to isolate L. monocytogenes. Isolation was performed through selective enrichment followed by plating on PALCAM and ALOA agar, and identification was confirmed by PCR. Serotyping was performed using conventional antisera agglutination and PCR-based serogrouping, and molecular characterization was conducted through multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using seven housekeeping genes, detection of ten virulence genes by PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the E-test method. Listeria monocytogenes was exclusively isolated from the cold noodle broth of six samples. Serotyping identified three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c), predominantly belonging to Lineage II, and MLST classified the isolates into ST9 and ST87, which are associated with food processing environments and linked to human infections, respectively. All isolates carried multiple virulence genes and exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, oxacillin, and tetracycline while remaining susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin. These findings underscore the critical need for rigorous hygiene management in the production and distribution of cold noodles, particularly in the handling of cold noodle broth. Given the persistence of L. monocytogenes in food-processing environments, continuous monitoring and enhanced sanitation protocols are essential to mitigate contamination risks in RTE food products.

单核细胞增生李斯特菌是一种食源性病原体，可以在冷藏温度下存活。然而，关于食品广场环境中单核增生乳杆菌污染的数据是缺乏的。我们调查了韩国冷食广场面中单核增生乳杆菌的流行和特征及其生产环境。从44个大型超市食品广场采集了168个即食冷面产品、1个面食、1个冷面肉汤、4个配菜和8个环境棉签样品，共182个样品进行了单增李斯特菌分离分析。选择富集后分别镀于PALCAM和ALOA琼脂上，进行PCR鉴定。采用常规抗血清凝集法和基于PCR的血清分型方法进行血清分型，采用7个管家基因的多位点序列分型（MLST）、PCR检测10个毒力基因、E-test法进行抗生素药敏试验进行分子鉴定。从6份样品的冷面汤汁中分离出单增李斯特菌。血清分型鉴定出三种血清型（1/2a、1/2b和1/2c），主要属于谱系II， MLST将分离株分类为ST9和ST87，它们分别与食品加工环境有关，与人类感染有关。所有分离株均携带多种毒力基因，对环丙沙星、克林霉素、恶西林和四环素耐药，对β-内酰胺类抗生素和万古霉素敏感。这些发现强调了在冷面的生产和销售中，特别是在冷面肉汤的处理中，严格卫生管理的迫切需要。鉴于单增李斯特菌在食品加工环境中的持久性，持续监测和加强卫生协议对于减轻RTE食品中的污染风险至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Salmonella Illness Outbreaks Attributed to Chicken by Product Type, United States, 1998–2022 按产品类型划分的鸡肉沙门氏菌疾病爆发，美国，1998-2022。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100660

Anna N. Chard , Taylor Eisenstein , Andrea Cote , Selena Kremer-Caldwell

Salmonella causes an estimated 1.35 million infections in the United States annually, with almost one-fifth of all salmonellosis illnesses attributed to chicken products. We reviewed Salmonella illness outbreaks attributed to chicken reported to the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) with a date of first illness onset during 1998–2022 and determined the chicken product type associated with each outbreak using a standardized categorization scheme. We calculated the number of outbreaks, outbreak-associated illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths overall and by chicken product type; evaluated changes in the frequency and size of outbreaks over time using Mann-Kendall tests; and evaluated differences in the observed (as reported to FDOSS) versus expected (based on sales volume) proportion of outbreaks attributed to chicken product types using generalized linear models. During 1998–2022, there were 366 Salmonella illness outbreaks attributed to chicken, altogether responsible for 10,344 illnesses, 1,426 hospitalizations, and 12 deaths. The number of outbreaks and outbreak-attributed illnesses per year did not significantly change during the analysis period, overall or when stratified by chicken product type. Among outbreaks for which a product type could be identified (53.0%), chicken parts were the most implicated product type, representing 68.6% of outbreaks and 53.8% of illnesses. Reported chicken parts outbreaks were 5.6 times higher than expected given sales volume (odds ratio [OR] = 5.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.79, 8.24). Results suggest that multilayered prevention strategies along the farm-to-fork continuum are necessary to reduce and prevent Salmonella illnesses attributed to chicken; prevention efforts focused on raw chicken parts could have the greatest impact.

据估计，沙门氏菌每年在美国造成135万例感染，其中近五分之一的沙门氏菌病病例归因于鸡肉产品。我们回顾了1998-2022年期间向食源性疾病暴发监测系统（FDOSS）报告的首次发病日期为鸡肉的沙门氏菌疾病暴发，并使用标准化分类方案确定了与每次暴发相关的鸡肉产品类型。我们计算了总体和按鸡肉产品类型暴发的数量、爆发相关疾病、住院和死亡人数；使用曼-肯德尔试验评估疾病爆发频率和规模随时间的变化；并使用广义线性模型评估了观察到的（报告给FDOSS的）与预期的（基于销售量的）由鸡肉产品类型引起的疫情比例之间的差异。在1998-2022年期间，有366次沙门氏菌疾病爆发归因于鸡肉，总共造成10,344人患病，1,426人住院，12人死亡。在分析期间，无论是总体上还是按鸡肉产品类型分层，每年暴发和由暴发引起的疾病的数量都没有显著变化。在可以确定产品类型的疫情中（53.0%），鸡肉是最受影响的产品类型，占疫情的68.6%和疾病的53.8%。在给定的销售情况下，报告的鸡部分暴发比预期高5.6倍（优势比[OR]=5.59； 95%可信区间[CI]=3.79, 8.24）。结果表明，从农场到餐桌的多层次预防策略对于减少和预防由鸡肉引起的沙门氏菌疾病是必要的；以生鸡肉为重点的预防措施可能会产生最大的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary Behaviors and Risk Awareness Influencing Dietary Chemical Hazard Exposure: A Comparative Study of Singapore Residents Aged 18–25 and 26 and Above 饮食行为和风险意识对膳食化学危害暴露的影响：18-25岁和26岁及以上新加坡居民的比较研究

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100656

Maggie Siow , Valerie Sin , Joanna Khoo , S. Kalppana , Joanne Sheot Harn Chan , Kyaw Thu Aung

This cross-sectional telephone survey study examined dietary preferences, consumption habits, and awareness of dietary chemical hazards among Singapore residents aged 18 years and above (n = 1,040), with focused analysis on a young adult subgroup aged 18–25 years (n = 399). The study revealed potential differences in process contaminant dietary exposure patterns between young adults and older demographics, attributable to age-specific dietary preferences and consumption behaviors. Young adults demonstrated significantly higher consumption frequencies of processed meats, deep-fried foods, and packaged snacks compared to older age groups, potentially increasing their exposure to process contaminants such as acrylamide and nitrosamines. Young adults exhibited lower concern levels about dietary chemical hazards and less confidence in making informed food choices, with cost being their primary consideration rather than exposure risk to dietary chemical hazards. While approximately three in four young adults indicated willingness to modify consumption patterns after exposure to information about dietary chemical hazards, one in two young adults acknowledged that other factors would likely take precedence over exposure risk to dietary chemical hazards. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there is a baseline willingness to change consumption patterns after exposure to information on dietary chemical hazards while older age groups and individuals of Indian ethnicity showed significantly higher likelihood of willingness to change consumption patterns. Young adults primarily relied on social media and websites for information about dietary chemical hazards, whereas older adults favored traditional media channels such as newspapers, television, and radio. These findings highlight the need for age-tailored interventions that consider both socioeconomic constraints and preferred information channels when addressing dietary chemical exposure risks among the adult population.

这项横断面电话调查研究调查了18岁及以上的新加坡居民（n= 1040）的饮食偏好、消费习惯和对饮食化学危害的认识，重点分析了18-25岁的年轻成人亚组（n=399）。该研究揭示了年轻人和老年人在加工污染物饮食暴露模式上的潜在差异，这可归因于特定年龄的饮食偏好和消费行为。与年龄较大的人群相比，年轻人食用加工肉类、油炸食品和包装零食的频率明显更高，这可能会增加他们接触丙烯酰胺和亚硝胺等加工污染物的机会。年轻人对膳食化学危害的关注程度较低，对做出明智的食品选择的信心也较低，他们主要考虑的是成本，而不是膳食化学危害的暴露风险。虽然大约四分之三的年轻人表示，在接触到有关膳食化学危害的信息后，他们愿意改变消费模式，但有二分之一的年轻人承认，其他因素可能比接触膳食化学危害的风险更重要。Logistic回归分析显示，在接触到膳食化学危害信息后，人们有改变消费模式的基本意愿，而年龄较大的年龄组和印度裔个体改变消费模式的意愿明显更高。年轻人主要依靠社交媒体和网站获取有关膳食化学品危害的信息，而老年人则更喜欢报纸、电视和广播等传统媒体渠道。这些发现强调，在解决成年人群的膳食化学品暴露风险时，需要考虑社会经济限制和首选信息渠道，采取适合年龄的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular Detection of Salmonella 沙门氏菌分子检测。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100659

Hongjian Fu , Wenjuan Xu , Mintao Huang , Yanguang Cong

The genus Salmonella consists of a group of globally significant foodborne pathogens that pose substantial public health risks. Traditional detection methods are inadequate for rapid diagnosis and effective epidemic surveillance due to limitations such as time-consuming procedures and insufficient sensitivity. In recent years, the development of molecular techniques has driven innovations in Salmonella detection. Nucleic acid-based detection methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR), whole genome sequencing (WGS) and more emerge as crucial approaches for Salmonella detection due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. Our review systematically summarized technological advancements in molecular detection of Salmonella, including specific genetic targets and drug resistance genes used for molecular detection, typing technologies, and emerging techniques such as CRISPR-Cas systems and microfluidic chips. This review comprehensively covers a wide array of molecular detection and characterization technologies, including conventional PCR, qPCR, multiplex PCR, digital PCR (dPCR), isothermal amplification techniques (such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification), genotyping methods (including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, etc.), WGS, melting curve analysis (MCA), and other emerging technologies. The review also discusses the balance between sensitivity and specificity in complex samples, challenges regarding the cost and accessibility of advanced technologies, as well as prospects for future development directions including portable point-of-care testing devices, automated detection equipment. Ongoing optimization of molecular detection technologies will provide critical support for the prevention and control of Salmonella infections.

沙门氏菌属由一组全球重要的食源性病原体组成，构成重大的公共卫生风险。由于程序耗时和灵敏度不足等限制，传统的检测方法不足以进行快速诊断和有效的流行病监测。近年来，分子技术的发展推动了沙门氏菌检测技术的创新。基于核酸的检测方法，包括聚合酶链反应（PCR）、实时荧光定量PCR （qPCR）、全基因组测序（WGS）等，因其灵敏度高、特异性强、快速等特点，成为沙门氏菌检测的重要手段。本文系统地综述了沙门氏菌分子检测的技术进展，包括用于分子检测的特定遗传靶点和耐药基因、分型技术以及CRISPR-Cas系统和微流控芯片等新兴技术。本文全面介绍了各种分子检测和鉴定技术，包括传统PCR、qPCR、多重PCR、数字PCR （dPCR）、等温扩增技术（如环介导等温扩增、重组酶聚合酶扩增）、基因分型方法（如脉冲场凝胶电泳、多位点序列分型等）、WGS、熔融曲线分析（MCA）等新兴技术。综述还讨论了复杂样品的敏感性和特异性之间的平衡，先进技术的成本和可及性方面的挑战，以及未来发展方向的前景，包括便携式即时检测设备，自动化检测设备。分子检测技术的不断优化将为沙门氏菌感染的预防和控制提供关键支持。

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引用次数: 0

Survival of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in an In Vitro Contamination Model of Eggs 禽致病性大肠杆菌在鸡蛋体外污染模型中的存活。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100658

Arisa Mezawa , Toshiyuki Murase , Hiroichi Ozaki

Laying chickens infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) may lay eggs contaminated with this organism. However, whether APEC has a superior ability than non-APEC strain to survive and proliferate in egg contents remains unknown. Here, an in vitro egg contamination model was used to assess this matter. A total of 10 APEC and 11 non-APEC E. coli strains, determined according to the results of an embryo lethality assay, were used. A total of 35–190 colony-forming units (CFU) of one of the E. coli strains were experimentally inoculated onto the vitelline membrane of eggs collected from specific-pathogen-free chickens, following which the albumen from a single egg was poured into a plastic beaker to surround the yolk and incubated at 25 °C for three days. Albumen samples from the egg contamination model were enriched using buffered peptone water, and 10 μl of the culture was spread onto a DHL agar plate. Percentage of the albumen samples inoculated with APEC strains that yielded growth was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of those inoculated with non-APEC E. coli strains. When E. coli strains were inoculated in separated albumen samples, percentage of the samples inoculated with APEC strains that yielded growth was significantly higher than that of those inoculated with non-APEC E. coli strains. Treatment of strains with suspension containing lysozyme and ovotransferrin, which simulates the properties of albumen postoviposition, resulted in a decrease in viable cell counts in both the non-APEC E. coli and APEC strains. Several adhesin-associated genes were significantly prevalent in APEC strains than in non-APEC E. coli. The results of this study suggest that APEC strains associated with the vitelline membrane are capable of surviving in albumen in the egg contamination model. These findings lay a foundation for studying the mechanisms of survival of APEC strains in the albumen, which may help in controlling colibacillosis in chickens.

感染禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）的蛋鸡可能产下被这种有机体污染的蛋。然而，APEC菌株是否比非APEC菌株在卵内容物中存活和增殖的能力更强尚不清楚。在这里，一个体外卵子污染模型被用来评估这个问题。根据胚胎致死性测定结果，采用10株APEC和11株非APEC大肠杆菌。实验将其中一种大肠杆菌菌株的35-190个菌落形成单位（CFU）接种在无特定病原体鸡的卵黄膜上，然后将单个鸡蛋的蛋白倒入塑料烧杯中包围蛋黄，在25°C下孵育3天。用缓冲蛋白胨水富集鸡蛋污染模型的蛋白样品，将10 μl的培养物涂抹在DHL琼脂板上。接种APEC菌株的蛋白样品的成长率显著高于接种非APEC菌株的蛋白样品（P < 0.05）。将大肠杆菌菌株接种于分离的蛋白样品中，接种APEC菌株的样品的生长率显著高于接种非APEC菌株的样品。用含有溶菌酶和卵转铁蛋白的悬浮液处理菌株，可以模拟产卵后蛋白的特性，导致非APEC大肠杆菌和APEC菌株的活细胞计数减少。几个黏附素相关基因在APEC菌株中比在非APEC菌株中显著流行。本研究结果表明，在鸡蛋污染模型中，与卵黄膜相关的APEC菌株能够在蛋白中存活。这些发现为研究APEC菌株在蛋白中的生存机制奠定了基础，可能有助于控制鸡大肠杆菌病。

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引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment and Dietary Exposure to Mycotoxins in Lebanon: A Scoping Systematic Review 黎巴嫩真菌毒素的风险评估和饮食暴露：一项范围系统评价。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100654

Rana Rizk, Roa Echtay, Faten Bou Assaf, Hanin El Hajj, Celine El Khoury, Aya Fakhr El Dine, Sonel Lahdo, Hussein F. Hassan

Mycotoxins, toxic fungal metabolites, contaminate a broad spectrum of dietary staples and pose a major global health risk. Lebanon faces unique challenges that may elevate exposure, making assessment crucial. A scoping narrative review was conducted to identify studies reporting mycotoxin contamination and dietary exposure in Lebanon. Multiple databases were searched to include a total of 35 articles. Across the included studies, cereals and cereal-based products were the most frequently analyzed food category, followed by milk, spices, and herbs. Mycotoxin contamination was widespread but variable, with rice, spices, and milk showing the highest positivity rates (100%), and lentils the lowest (8%). Milk had the greatest proportion of samples exceeding international safety thresholds (56%), while herbs and nuts showed none. OTA, AFB1, FB1, and DON were the most commonly detected mycotoxins. Risk assessment approaches revealed dietary exposures that in several cases exceeded safety margins, with MOE values for AFB1 falling below the 10,000 threshold and aflatoxin levels in spices surpassing regulatory limits in 13% of samples. Despite differences in methods and sample sizes, the findings indicate a notable potential for mycotoxin exposure in Lebanon, particularly from staple foods and spices. Current evidence emphasizes the need for strengthened regulatory measures, agricultural and storage practices, and mitigation strategies. Further research addressing existing gaps is also essential to inform evidence-based interventions and ensure food safety for the Lebanese population.

真菌毒素是一种有毒的真菌代谢物，污染了广泛的膳食主食，并构成重大的全球健康风险。黎巴嫩面临着独特的挑战，可能会增加风险，因此评估至关重要。进行了一项范围叙述审查，以确定报告黎巴嫩霉菌毒素污染和饮食暴露的研究。我们检索了多个数据库，共收录了35篇文章。在纳入的研究中，谷物和谷类产品是最常被分析的食物类别，其次是牛奶、香料和草药。霉菌毒素污染很普遍，但各不相同，大米、香料和牛奶的阳性率最高（100%），扁豆最低（8%）。牛奶样品超过国际安全阈值的比例最大（56%），而草药和坚果则没有。OTA、AFB1、FB1和DON是最常见的真菌毒素。风险评估方法显示，在一些情况下，饮食暴露超过了安全范围，AFB1的MOE值低于10,000阈值，13%的样品中香料中的黄曲霉毒素水平超过了监管限值。尽管方法和样本量存在差异，但研究结果表明，黎巴嫩存在明显的霉菌毒素暴露可能性，特别是来自主食和香料。目前的证据强调需要加强管制措施、农业和储存做法以及缓解战略。针对现有差距的进一步研究对于为基于证据的干预措施提供信息和确保黎巴嫩人口的食品安全也至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid Sampling and Ensemble Learning for Food Safety Sampling Inspection Classification 食品安全抽样检验分类的混合抽样与集成学习。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100650

Ke Qin , Xiaoting Dai , Linhai Wu

Food safety sampling inspection is critical for risk prevention in complex supply chains. However, extreme class imbalance, where unqualified samples are significantly outnumbered by qualified ones, biases machine learning (ML) models to prioritize majority classes, compromising unqualified sample detection. Conventional oversampling methods fail to handle food inspection data’s nonlinear features, complex distributions, and multiclass scenarios, often generating low-quality synthetic samples and noisy decision boundaries. To address these challenges, we proposed LOF-KNN-CSENN (Local Outlier Factor-K-Nearest Neighbors-Combined Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and Edited Nearest Neighbors), a hybrid sampling algorithm of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Edited Nearest Neighbors (ENN) integrating Local Outlier Factor (LOF) for noise filtering and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) for boundary sample preservation. LOF-KNN-CSENN synergizes minority oversampling and majority undersampling to optimize data distribution. A stacking ensemble learning framework is further introduced, combining six tree-based models with Logistic Regression (LR) as a meta model to enhance classification robustness. Experiments on a real-world food safety sampling inspection dataset demonstrated that LOF-KNN-CSENN suppresses noisy sample synthesis and balances data distribution. When integrated with stacking, the model achieves 0.4–5.6% higher precision and 0.8–30.7% higher F1-score compared to single models. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis identified production address, sampling stage, and location as key risk factors, supporting targeted supervision. This study provides a novel framework for intelligent food safety regulation, leveraging hybrid sampling and ensemble learning to mitigate class imbalance and enhance unqualified sample detection in multicategory food inspection.

在复杂的供应链中，食品安全抽样检查是防范风险的关键。然而，极端的类不平衡，即不合格样本的数量明显超过合格样本，会使机器学习（ML）模型优先考虑大多数类别，从而影响不合格样本的检测。传统的过采样方法无法处理食品检验数据的非线性特征、复杂分布和多类场景，往往产生低质量的合成样本和有噪声的决策边界。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了LOF-KNN- csenn（局部离群因子- k近邻-结合合成少数过采样技术和编辑近邻），这是一种合成少数过采样技术（SMOTE）和编辑近邻（ENN）的混合采样算法，该算法集成了局部离群因子（LOF）进行噪声滤波和k近邻（KNN）进行边界样本保存。LOF-KNN-CSENN将少数过采样和多数欠采样协同起来，优化数据分布。进一步介绍了一个堆叠集成学习框架，将6个基于树的模型与逻辑回归（LR）作为元模型相结合，以增强分类稳健性。在实际食品安全抽样检验数据集上的实验表明，LOF-KNN-CSENN抑制了噪声样本合成，平衡了数据分布。与单一模型相比，与叠加相结合，模型精度提高0.4-5.6%，f1评分提高0.8-30.7%。Shapley加性解释（SHAP）分析将生产地址、取样阶段和地点确定为关键风险因素，支持有针对性的监管。本研究为智能食品安全监管提供了一个新的框架，利用混合采样和集成学习来缓解多品类食品检验中的类别不平衡，提高不合格样本的检测能力。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Hidden Risks: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Vegetables Irrigated with Kalobe Wastewater Stabilization Ponds, Mbeya, Tanzania 揭露隐藏的风险：用Kalobe废水稳定池灌溉的土壤和蔬菜中的重金属浓度，姆贝亚，坦桑尼亚。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100653

Azaria Stephano Lameck , Dickson Mlelwa , John Chagu , Victor Sanga , Melkizedeck Hiiti Tsere , Gisandu K. Malunguja , Alinanuswe Joel Mwakalesi

This study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals in wastewater, soil, and tomatoes and Napa cabbage irrigated with effluent from the Kalobe Wastewater Stabilization Pond (KWWSP) in Mbeya, Tanzania. Human health risks were assessed using Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) indices. The results showed that cadmium (Cd) in all ponds was below the FAO/WHO permissible limits, while lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) were below detection levels. Heavy metals in soil were found in the order of Pb (5.95 mg/kg) > Cr (0.63 mg/kg) > Cd (0.25 mg/kg), all within FAO/WHO acceptable limits, indicating suitability for agricultural use. Cd levels in Tomatoes (0.14 mg/kg) and Napa cabbage (0.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits. Cr levels in the Tomato and Napa Cabbage were 1.87 and 2.10 mg/kg, respectively, and were close to the safety threshold, suggesting health concerns with long-term consumption. Cd exposure through vegetable intake was within but near acceptable limits, while Cr exposure, particularly for Napa cabbage, exceeded recommended safety thresholds. This resulted in elevated noncarcinogenic risks (THQ and HI > 1) and carcinogenic risks (TCR above the USEPA’s acceptable range). These findings suggest that consuming wastewater-irrigated Tomatoes and Napa cabbage may pose human health risks. Continuous monitoring of heavy metals, safe irrigation alternatives, and cropping restrictions using inadequately treated wastewater is essential to safeguard public health and long-term environmental sustainability.

本研究评估了坦桑尼亚姆贝亚Kalobe废水稳定池（KWWSP）出水灌溉的废水、土壤以及西红柿和纳帕卷心菜中的重金属浓度。采用慢性每日摄入量（CDI）、目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和目标癌症风险（TCR）指数评估人类健康风险。结果表明，所有池塘的镉（Cd）含量均低于FAO/WHO允许限量，铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）含量均低于检测水平。土壤中重金属含量为Pb (5.95 mg/kg) > Cr (0.63 mg/kg) > Cd (0.25 mg/kg)，均在粮农组织/世卫组织可接受限度内，表明适合农业使用。西红柿（0.14毫克/公斤）和纳帕卷心菜（0.40毫克/公斤）中的镉含量超过了允许限度。番茄和白菜的Cr含量分别为1.87和2.10 mg/kg，接近安全阈值，表明长期食用存在健康问题。通过蔬菜摄入的镉暴露在可接受范围内，但接近可接受范围，但铬暴露，特别是纳帕卷心菜，超过了建议的安全阈值。这导致非致癌性风险（THQ和HI bbb1）和致癌性风险（TCR高于USEPA的可接受范围）升高。这些发现表明，食用废水灌溉的西红柿和纳帕卷心菜可能会对人体健康构成威胁。持续监测重金属、安全灌溉替代方案和使用未经充分处理的废水的种植限制，对于保障公众健康和长期环境可持续性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationships Between Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Older Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh 结构方程模型之间的食品安全知识，态度和做法之间的关系的老年人在达卡，孟加拉国。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100649

Aysha Siddiky , Sultan Mahmud Imran , Abdullah Al Adib , Nitai Roy

Assessing food safety perceptions among older adults is crucial because their increased susceptibility to foodborne illnesses is primarily attributed to a decline in immune function. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to food safety among older adults in Bangladesh, with a focus on understanding the relationships between these factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to February 2024 to evaluate food safety KAP among 389 participants (mean age 67.70 ± 7.132) in various areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh, through structured, face-to-face interviews. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to validate the model, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted using the extracted valid items for KAP. Overall, older adults exhibited a moderate level of knowledge; however, gaps were identified in specific areas, as more than half of the respondents were unaware of proper cooking temperatures, reheating guidelines, and cross-contamination. However, a large proportion of the respondents demonstrated a positive attitude toward food safety. Overall, self-reported food safety practices among older adults were adequate, as most respondents followed good hygiene practices and reheated cooked food after removal from the refrigerator. Both knowledge of food safety and attitudes toward food safety had a positive and significant impact on the self-reported food safety practices of the respondents. Knowledge and attitude towards food safety were also correlated with each other, and if food safety knowledge increased in these respondents, attitudes toward food safety would also improve. All of our hypotheses (H1, H2, and H3) were supported by the findings of this study. In conclusion, enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward food safety can lead to improved food safety practices among older adults, helping them prevent foodborne illnesses.

评估老年人的食品安全观念至关重要，因为他们对食源性疾病的易感性增加主要归因于免疫功能下降。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国老年人与食品安全相关的知识、态度和实践（KAP），重点是了解这些因素之间的关系。本研究于2024年1月至2024年2月进行了一项横断面研究，通过结构化的面对面访谈，对孟加拉国达卡不同地区的389名参与者（平均年龄67.70±7.132岁）进行了食品安全KAP评估。采用探索性因子分析和结构方程模型对模型进行验证，并利用提取的KAP有效项目进行验证性因子分析。总体而言，老年人表现出中等水平的知识；然而，在特定领域发现了差距，因为超过一半的受访者不知道适当的烹饪温度、再加热指南和交叉污染。然而，很大一部分受访者对食品安全持积极态度。总体而言，老年人自我报告的食品安全实践是足够的，因为大多数受访者遵循良好的卫生习惯，并在从冰箱中取出熟食后重新加热。食品安全知识和食品安全态度对受访者自我报告的食品安全行为都有积极而显著的影响。食品安全知识与食品安全态度也存在相关关系，如果受访者的食品安全知识增加，对食品安全的态度也会有所改善。我们所有的假设（H1， H2和H3）都得到了本研究结果的支持。总之，加强对食品安全的知识和态度可以改善老年人的食品安全做法，帮助他们预防食源性疾病。

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引用次数: 0