Journal of food protection最新文献_第5页

The Concentration of Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Imported Rice (Oryza sativa): Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Iranian Population 进口稻米（Oryza sativa）中总砷、镉和铅的浓度：伊朗人口健康风险概率评估。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100674

Masoud Memar , Mehrdad Ahmadi , Ali Reza Darvishi Divanmorad , Zahra Esfandiari , Omid Rahmanian , Farshid Soleimani , Yadolah Fakhri

Toxic elements, such as total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), can accumulate in rice (Oryza sativa), posing significant health risks to consumers. This study aimed to quantify the concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in imported rice from India and Pakistan available in Iran and to evaluate the corresponding noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks via the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. Two hundred rice samples (150 from India and 50 from Pakistan) were collected from Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2023–2024. Samples were prepared, digested, and analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) to quantify the concentrations of heavy metals. Noncarcinogenic risks were estimated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). In contrast, the MCS model assessed carcinogenic risks using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and total incremental lifetime cancer risk (TILCR). The mean concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in Pakistani rice were 0.112 ± 0.035 mg/Kg, 0.041 ± 0.010 mg/Kg, and 0.062 ± 0.034 mg/Kg, respectively. In comparison, Indian rice exhibited lower levels at 0.077 ± 0.042 mg/Kg, 0.019 ± 0.012 mg/Kg, and 0.052 ± 0.038 mg/Kg, respectively. Both types of rice had As and Cd levels below the Iranian standard limits but posed significant health risks. Noncarcinogenic risk assessments revealed TTHQ values exceeding the safety threshold (TTHQ > 1) for both adults and children, with higher risks observed in children. Carcinogenic risk assessments indicated ILCR values above the acceptable limit (1.00E-04) for As and Cd, highlighting potential long-term cancer risks, particularly for children. The findings highlight significant noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, particularly for children, underscoring the need for stricter regulatory oversight of imported rice. Public health interventions, including dietary diversification and awareness campaigns, are recommended to mitigate exposure and protect vulnerable populations.

总砷（as）、镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）等有毒元素可在水稻（Oryza sativa）中积累，对消费者构成重大健康风险。本研究旨在量化伊朗可获得的印度和巴基斯坦进口大米中砷、镉和铅的浓度，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）模型评估相应的非致癌性和致癌性健康风险。2023-2024年期间，在伊朗阿巴斯港采集了200份水稻样本（150份来自印度，50份来自巴基斯坦）。样品的制备、消化和分析采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）定量重金属的浓度。使用目标危害商（THQ）和总目标危害商（TTHQ）估计非致癌风险。相比之下，MCS模型使用增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）和总增量终生癌症风险（TILCR）来评估致癌风险。巴基斯坦水稻中砷、镉和铅的平均浓度分别为0.112±0.035 mg/Kg、0.041±0.010 mg/Kg和0.062±0.034 mg/Kg。相比之下，印度水稻的含量较低，分别为0.077±0.042 mg/Kg、0.019±0.012 mg/Kg和0.052±0.038 mg/Kg。这两种大米的砷和镉含量都低于伊朗的标准限制，但构成了重大的健康风险。非致癌性风险评估显示，成人和儿童的TTHQ值均超过安全阈值（TTHQ bbb1），儿童的风险更高。致癌风险评估表明，砷和镉的ILCR值高于可接受限值（1.00E-04），突出了潜在的长期癌症风险，特别是对儿童。研究结果强调了重大的非致癌性和致癌性健康风险，特别是对儿童，强调了对进口大米进行更严格监管的必要性。建议采取公共卫生干预措施，包括饮食多样化和提高认识运动，以减少接触并保护弱势群体。

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引用次数: 0

Reduction of Vibrio alginolyticus Contamination in Raw Seafood by a Novel Phage vB_Va_ZWPVA056 新型噬菌体vB_Va_ZWPVA056降低生海产品中褐藻溶解弧菌污染

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100672

Jiayin Xu , Luqi Tang , Junshan Hong , Xihui Zhu , Qi Jia , Yanyan Li , Wei Zhang

Vibrio alginolyticus is a foodborne pathogen commonly found in seawater and seafood products, including shellfish, fish, and shrimp. Consumers who eat contaminated sashimi or undercooked seafood may develop gastroenteritis, and in severe cases, wound infections or sepsis. Traditional antimicrobial methods, such as antibiotics and chemical disinfectants, can easily induce drug resistance and may compromise the quality of seafood.

This study isolated a bacteriophage (phage) of Vibrio alginolyticus, named vB_Va_ZWPVA056, from an aquaculture tank during a disease outbreak affecting sea cucumbers. A one-step growth curve revealed a 5-min latency period and a lytic titer of 153 PFU/cell. The phage exhibited remarkable stability, maintaining activity over a temperature range of 4–50 ℃ and a broad pH range of 3–10. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a double-stranded DNA genome of 76,085 bp, encoding 102 putative proteins. Crucially, bioinformatics analysis confirmed the absence of virulence, lysogeny, or antibiotic resistance genes, underscoring its safety for biocontrol applications. The phage’s practical efficacy was evaluated by simulating Vibrio alginolyticus contamination on high-value seafood, including prawns, abalone, grouper, squid, and salmon. Phage treatment at MOIs of 1 and 0.1 significantly suppressed bacterial growth, achieving a maximum reduction of 1.84 log CFU/mL on Prawns after 12 h at 4 °C. After 24 h, the phage effectively reduced viable bacterial counts across all five tested seafood types at both 4 °C and 28 °C. These findings advocate for vB_Va_ZWPVA056 as a targeted biocontrol agent to suppress Vibrio alginolyticus populations in raw and ready-to-eat seafood throughout the supply chain, offering a sustainable strategy to mitigate microbial risks and improve product safety without compromising quality.

溶藻弧菌是一种食源性病原体，常见于海水和海鲜产品，包括贝类、鱼类和虾类。食用受污染的生鱼片或未煮熟的海鲜的消费者可能会患上肠胃炎，在严重的情况下，还会出现伤口感染或败血症。传统的抗菌方法，如抗生素和化学消毒剂，很容易引起耐药性，并可能损害海鲜的质量。本研究从海参疾病暴发期间的养殖池中分离出一株溶藻弧菌噬菌体，命名为vB_Va_ZWPVA056。一步生长曲线显示潜伏期为5分钟，溶解滴度为153 PFU/细胞。噬菌体表现出显著的稳定性，在4-50℃的温度范围和3-10的广泛pH范围内保持活性。全基因组测序显示双链DNA基因组长度为76,085 bp，编码102种推测的蛋白质。至关重要的是，生物信息学分析证实了其不含毒力、溶原性或抗生素耐药基因，强调了其生物防治应用的安全性。通过模拟对高价值海产品（对虾、鲍鱼、石斑鱼、鱿鱼和鲑鱼）的溶藻弧菌污染，评价了该噬菌体的实际效果。MOIs为1和0.1的噬菌体处理显著抑制了细菌的生长，在4°C下作用12小时后，对虾的最大减少量为1.84 log CFU/mL。24小时后，在4°C和28°C下，噬菌体有效地减少了所有五种测试海鲜类型的活菌数量。这些研究结果支持vB_Va_ZWPVA056作为一种靶向生物防治剂，在整个供应链中抑制生海鲜和即食海鲜中的溶藻弧菌种群，提供了一种可持续的策略，以减轻微生物风险，提高产品安全性，同时不影响质量。

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引用次数: 0

Long-Term Survival of Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formula Based on Relative Humidity 基于相对湿度的婴儿配方粉中坂崎克罗诺杆菌、肠沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特菌和肠杆菌的长期存活。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100670

Megan L. Fay , Bashayer A. Khouja , Robert Newkirk , Emily Smith , Jodie Ulaszek , Diana S. Stewart , Joelle K. Salazar

Powdered infant formula (PIF) has previously been shown to support the survival of bacterial foodborne pathogens including Cronobacter sakazakii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica at various storage temperatures. However, the effect of long-term storage on bacterial survival under different relative humidity (RH) conditions is not well understood. In this study, milk-based powdered infant formula (water activity (a_w) = 0.27) was inoculated individually with cocktails of Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter spp., Cronobacter sakazakii, or Listeria monocytogenes and stored at 25 °C under controlled relative humidity (RH) levels of 23, 33, 43, 53, or 75%. Bacterial populations and PIF a_w were measured at intervals up to 360 days. The highest a_w of 0.39 was recorded for PIF stored under 75% RH after 90 d or at 53% RH after 360 d; however, these levels also resulted in significant bacterial population reductions of >1 log CFU/g after 60–120 d and 60–180 d, respectively, with L. monocytogenes being the least desiccation-resistant of those tested. RH levels between 23 and 43% did not result in a significant change in a_w over 360 d; however, bacterial populations did decrease, but to a lesser extent than for the higher RH levels. Population reductions for all bacteria were ≤3.50 log CFU/g after 360 d. All four bacteria examined in this study persisted in PIF for ≥90 d without a significant decrease in population regardless of RH storage conditions.

婴儿配方粉（PIF）先前已被证明支持细菌性食源性病原体，包括阪崎克罗诺杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和肠沙门氏菌在不同储存温度下的存活。然而，在不同相对湿度（RH）条件下，长期储存对细菌存活的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，以奶粉为基础的婴儿配方奶粉（水活度(aw) = 0.27）分别接种肠沙门氏菌、肠杆菌、阪崎克罗诺杆菌或单核增生李斯特菌的混合物，并在25°C下保存，控制相对湿度（RH）水平为23%、33%、43%、53%或75%。每隔360天测量一次细菌数量和PIF法。在75% RH和53% RH条件下贮藏90 d和360 d的PIF中，抗旱性最高，分别为0.39，但这些水平也导致细菌数量在60-120 d和60-180 d后分别显著减少>.1 log CFU/g，其中单核增生乳杆菌的抗旱性最低。RH水平在23-43%之间，在360 d内没有导致aw的显著变化，但细菌数量确实减少，但程度低于较高的RH水平。360天后，所有细菌的种群数量减少≤3.50 log CFU/g。无论RH储存条件如何，本研究中检测的所有四种细菌在PIF中持续≥90 d，种群数量均未显著减少。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Antibacterial Mechanism of Garviecin LG34 Against S. Aureus and L. Monocytogenes and its Application in Milk Preservation” [J. Food Prot. 87 (2024) 100345] Garviecin LG34对金黄色葡萄球菌和单核增生乳杆菌的抑菌机理及其在牛奶保鲜中的应用[J]。食品学报，87(2024)[100345]。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100669

Yurong Gao, Dapeng Li

引用次数: 0

Fitness Factors and Siderophores Influence the Survival of E. coli in Reused Broiler Litter 适合度因子和铁载体影响重复使用肉鸡粪中大肠杆菌的存活。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100671

Taejung Chung , Adelumola Oladeinde , Reed Woyda , Samiru S. Wickramasuriya , Joshua M. Lyte , Rohana Liyanage , Michael Rothrock , Xiang Li , Sohyun Cho , Jodie Plumblee Lawrence , Dinku Endale , Timothy Strickland , Zaid Abdo

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacterium in poultry that can exhibit virulence toward poultry and humans, and harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence factor (VF) genes. This study characterized 217 E. coli isolates recovered from reused broiler litter across three successive flocks from four broiler houses to identify associations between fitness factors (AMR and VF genes) and management (flock cohort, house, section, area, and grow-out period) or environmental (house temperature, litter pH, and moisture content) factors. Different E. coli strains were identified across flocks, with phylogenetic groups A and B1 being the most prevalent. A few sequence types, such as ST10, ST212, and, ST117 were frequently observed across flocks. Isolates from the first flock harbored more fitness factors, including siderophore biosynthesis operons such as yersiniabactin (ybt, 15/64), aerobactin (iuc, 32/64), and salmochelin (iro, 23/64), ColV plasmids (28/64), class 1 integrase gene (intI1) (12/64) and metal resistance genes than flock 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), suggesting that these genetic elements may be required for adaptation to a naïve environment. Transcriptional and proteome analyses found that the majority of ST117 strains repressed siderophore gene expression and proteins needed for growth and acid/oxidative stress response under acidified CuSO₄ exposure (∼180 ppm), except for one strain (TE207) that showed significantly enhanced fitness. This study highlights the heterogeneity of fitness factors that E. coli may employ to persist in broiler chicken houses and underscores the role of litter management practices in controlling pathogens in poultry production.

大肠杆菌（E. coli）是家禽中常见的细菌，可对家禽和人类表现出毒力，并携带抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）和毒力因子（VF）基因。本研究对来自4个鸡舍的连续3个鸡群的重复使用肉鸡窝中回收的217株大肠杆菌进行了分析，以确定适合度因素（AMR和VF基因）与管理（鸡群、鸡舍、断面、面积和生长期）或环境因素（鸡舍温度、窝窝pH值和水分含量）之间的关系。在鸡群中鉴定出不同的大肠杆菌菌株，系统发育群A和B1最为普遍。在鸡群中经常观察到ST10、ST212和ST117等几种序列类型。与第2群和第3群相比，第1群的菌株含有更多的适合度因子，包括铁载体生物合成操纵子，如yersinabactin （ybt, 15/64）、有氧肌动蛋白（iuc, 32/64）和salmochelin （iro, 23/64）、ColV质粒（28/64）、1类整合酶基因（intI1）（12/64）和金属抗性基因（p < 0.05），这表明这些遗传因子可能是适应naïve环境所必需的。转录和蛋白质组学分析发现，大多数ST117菌株在酸化CuSO4暴露下抑制了铁载体基因表达和生长和酸/氧化应激反应所需的蛋白质，只有一个菌株（TE207）显示出显著增强的适应性。本研究强调了大肠杆菌在肉鸡舍中持续存在的适合度因子的异质性，并强调了在家禽生产中控制病原体的产仔管理实践的作用。

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引用次数: 0

A New Approach to Estimate Salmonella Inactivation Parameters During Dynamic Elevated Heat Treatment: A Case Study With Flaxseed 动态高温热处理中沙门氏菌失活参数的新方法：以亚麻籽为例。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100666

Natoavina T. Faliarizao , Yawei Lin , E. Shaney Rump , Nolan B. Schinderle , Hui Zeng , Teresa M. Bergholz , Kirk D. Dolan

Limited studies have been conducted on treating Salmonella in low-moisture foods (LMFs) at elevated temperature (>90 °C) without direct contact with the heating medium. However, nearly all LMFs are heated under nonisothermal conditions (above 90 °C) during commercial processes such as baking, toasting, roasting, etc. In this study, flaxseeds were equilibrated to a water activity of 0.55 ± 0.03 after being inoculated with Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT 30. Heat treatment was performed using a heated circulator with silicon oil at 95, 105, or 120 °C for 11 evenly spaced time points with intervals of 15–30 s. Two aluminum test cells with 0.8 g of inoculated flaxseed and one thermocouple-equipped cell with 0.8 g of uninoculated flaxseed per time point were used for each biological replicate. Two secondary inactivation models (log-linear/Bigelow and Weibull/Bigelow) and three primary inactivation models (log-linear, Weibull, and Geeraerd) were compared for dynamic elevated temperature conditions. Salmonella inactivation parameters in flaxseed were estimated using ordinary least squares (OLSs). Statistical analysis indicated that the log-linear/Bigelow model was the model that best described the thermal inactivation kinetics at higher temperatures, based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC_c) values. A tenfold increase in the lethality rate for Salmonella at elevated temperatures in flaxseeds (D_105°C-value = 24.17–30.02 s) required a 35.9 °C increase from the reference temperature of 105 °C. Because the scaled sensitivity coefficients are larger, experiments at higher oil bath temperatures are better for estimating the D-value, z-value, and n. Overall, this new approach allows estimation of Salmonella’s inactivation parameters at elevated temperatures under dynamic conditions. Food processors can use these findings to develop or refine Salmonella prediction models for real-world processing of low-moisture foods under high-temperature conditions.

在不直接接触加热介质的情况下，对低水分食品（lfs）中的沙门氏菌进行了高温（bb0 ~ 90℃）处理的有限研究。然而，在烘焙、烘烤、烘烤等商业过程中，几乎所有的lfs都是在非等温条件下（高于90°C）加热的。在本研究中，接种enterica Enteritidis PT 30后，亚麻籽的水活度达到了0.55±0.03。使用含硅油的加热循环器在95,105或120°C下进行11个均匀间隔时间点的热处理，间隔时间为15至30 s。每个生物重复使用2个铝试验细胞，每个时间点接种0.8 g亚麻籽，1个配备热电偶的细胞，每个时间点未接种0.8 g亚麻籽。在动态高温条件下，比较了两种次级失活模型（对数线性/Bigelow和Weibull/Bigelow）和三种初级失活模型（对数线性、Weibull和Geeraerd）。采用普通最小二乘法（OLS）估计了亚麻籽中沙门氏菌的灭活参数。统计分析表明，基于最低的赤池信息准则（Akaike information criterion, AICc）值，对数线性/Bigelow模型最能描述高温下的热失活动力学。亚麻籽中沙门氏菌在高温下的致死率（D105°C值= 24.17-30.02 s）提高了10倍，需要比参考温度105°C提高35.9°C。由于标度敏感性系数较大，因此在较高油浴温度下的实验更适合估计d值、z值和n值。总的来说，这种新方法可以在动态条件下估计沙门氏菌在高温下的失活参数。食品加工商可以利用这些发现来开发或改进沙门氏菌预测模型，以便在高温条件下对低水分食品进行实际加工。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the Identification of Composite Spices Based on Terahertz Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Algorithms 基于太赫兹光谱和机器学习算法的复合香料鉴别研究。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100668

Bin Ma , Yi Ding , Ling Feng , Zhaogai Wang , Pengfei Jiang

The similar appearance and composition of pungent spices frequently give rise to adulteration, which not only causes market confusion but also results in inconsistent product quality. This study employed terahertz time-domain spectra and absorption spectra coupled with three machine learning algorithms—Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Deep Neural Network (DNN)—for the classification and identification of five spices (garlic, green pepper, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Toona sinensis, and Qin pepper) as well as their binary mixtures. For single-component spices, all three models achieved classification accuracies exceeding 95% for both time-domain and absorption spectra. Among these models, the SVM model exhibited the best performance, with accuracies of 96.82% for time-domain spectra and 98.75% for absorption spectra. When classifying binary mixtures, models based on time-domain spectra significantly outperformed those based on absorption spectra. Notably, the DNN model demonstrated superior capability in this context, achieving an accuracy of 94.97% for the green pepper-Zanthoxylum bungeanum mixture. To further improve classification accuracy, an innovative multimodal classification model integrating time-domain and absorption spectra was developed. This multimodal model achieved an outstanding accuracy of 98.85%. Collectively, these results confirmed the effectiveness of terahertz spectroscopy combined with machine learning for spice identification, thereby providing robust technical support for nondestructive testing and quality monitoring in the global spice industry.

刺激性香料由于外观和成分相似，经常出现掺假现象，不仅造成市场混乱，而且导致产品质量不一致。本研究采用太赫兹时域光谱和吸收光谱，结合随机森林（RF）、支持向量机（SVM）和深度神经网络（DNN）三种机器学习算法，对大蒜、青椒、花椒、香椿和秦椒五种香料及其二元混合物进行了分类和识别。对于单组分香料，三种模型在时域和吸收光谱上的分类精度均超过95%。其中，SVM模型表现最好，时域光谱和吸收光谱的准确率分别为96.82%和98.75%。在二元混合物分类中，基于时域光谱的模型明显优于基于吸收光谱的模型。值得注意的是，DNN模型在这种情况下表现出了卓越的能力，对青椒-花椒混合物的准确率达到了94.97%。为了进一步提高分类精度，提出了一种结合时域和吸收光谱的多模态分类模型。该多模态模型的准确率达到了98.85%。总的来说，这些结果证实了太赫兹光谱与机器学习相结合用于香料识别的有效性，从而为全球香料行业的无损检测和质量监控提供了强大的技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Control of Listeria monocytogenes With Undissociated Organic Acids: Staged Evaluation in Broth, Milk, and a Proof-of-Concept Surface Application on Queso Fresco 用未解离的有机酸控制单核增生李斯特菌：在肉汤、牛奶中的阶段性评价，以及在干酪上表面应用的概念验证。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100667

Zoe Andersen , Samantha Kilgore , Joy Waite-Cusic , Jovana Kovacevic

Queso fresco (QF) is a high-moisture, near-neutral pH fresh cheese that supports the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage. This study evaluated whether delivering undissociated organic acid (UDA) can suppress L. monocytogenes across staged systems: broth, milk, and QF surface. Four dairy L. monocytogenes strains and Scott A were grown in non-pH-adjusted brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing acetic (AA; total acid: 10–25 mM, pH: 5.24–6.81), lactic (LA; total acid: 20–40 mM, pH: 4.27–6.35), or propionic acid (PA; total acid: 2–25 mM, pH: 5.10–6.89). Growth (OD_595nm) was modeled (Logistic 4P model, JMP Pro18) to estimate lag phase duration (LPD), and the pH of treatments was used to calculate the UDA. LPD increased with total acid concentration and correlated significantly with UDA for AA and PA, whereas LA effects were pH-dependent (p < 0.05). UDA targets (0, 2, 5, mM) from the broth screen were then applied in milk, with AA and PA slightly inhibiting growth of L. monocytogenes at low UDA (2 mM - pH: AA 5.93; PA 6.39), and controlling growth at high UDA concentrations (5 mM - pH: AA 5.39; PA 5.61). In contrast, LA inhibited growth only at low pH (4.62 ± 0.06). To assess the effect of UDA on QF, cubes of cheese (20 g; 3.81 × 3.81 cm) were surface-treated (20 min) with AA or PA to achieve low (<20 mM), moderate (40–50 mM), or high (>100 mM) UDA, inoculated with a five-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail (3 log CFU/g), vacuum-packaged, and stored at 7 °C for 28 days. In untreated, low and moderate groups, L. monocytogenes increased by >1 log CFU/g (Harlequin Listeria agar; 37 °C, 48 h), whereas high UDA treatments were bacteriostatic throughout storage. At sufficient UDA levels, AA and PA suppressed L. monocytogenes growth on near-neutral-pH QF, while LA efficacy depended on pH. These findings support targeted, surface-directed UDA interventions to suppress L. monocytogenes on QF without lowering bulk product pH.

Queso fresco （QF）是一种高水分，pH值接近中性的新鲜奶酪，在冷藏储存期间支持单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生长。本研究评估了递送未解离有机酸（UDA）是否可以在不同阶段的系统中抑制单核细胞增生乳杆菌：肉汤、牛奶和QF表面。在不调节pH的脑心灌注（BHI）肉汤中培养4株乳酸菌和Scott A，肉汤中分别含有乙酸（AA，总酸：10-25 mM， pH: 5.24-6.81）、乳酸（LA，总酸：20-40 mM， pH: 4.27-6.35）和丙酸（PA，总酸：2-25 mM， pH: 5.10-6.89）。生长（OD595nm）模型（Logistic 4P模型，JMP Pro18）估计滞后期（LPD），并使用处理的pH值计算UDA。AA和PA的LPD随总酸浓度升高而升高，且与UDA显著相关，而LA的影响则依赖于ph （p < 0.05）。然后将肉汤筛选的UDA靶点（0,2,5,mM）施用于牛奶中，AA和PA在低UDA （2 mM - pH: AA 5.93; PA 6.39）下轻度抑制单核增生乳杆菌的生长，在高UDA浓度（5 mM - pH: AA 5.39; PA 5.61）下抑制生长。相比之下，LA仅在低pH（4.62±0.06）下抑制生长。为了评估UDA对QF的影响，用AA或PA对奶酪立方体（20 g; 3.81x3.81 cm）进行表面处理（20分钟），以达到低（100 mM） UDA，接种5株单核细胞增生乳杆菌鸡尾酒（3 log CFU/g），真空包装，并在7°C下保存28天。在未经处理的低和中等剂量组中，单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Harlequin Listeria agar, 37°C, 48 h）增加了bb0.1 log CFU/g，而高剂量组在整个储存过程中都具有抑菌作用。在足够的UDA水平下，AA和PA在接近中性pH的QF上抑制了单核细胞增生乳杆菌的生长，而LA的效果取决于pH。这些发现支持靶向、表面导向的UDA干预，在不降低原料药pH的情况下抑制QF上的单核细胞增生乳杆菌。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the Dynamics of Salmonella Contamination During Commercial Pork Harvest Using Qualitative and Quantitative Detection Methods 利用定性和定量检测方法调查商业猪肉收获过程中沙门氏菌污染的动态。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100665

J.A. Brown, S.C. Ricke

Animals can be reservoirs for pathogens such as Salmonella, creating the potential for cross−contamination during harvest. Antimicrobials are used to limit this risk, but validation of interventions in commercial settings can be challenging. The objective of this study was to develop a bio-map to evaluate the presence and concentration of Salmonella during harvest in commercial market hog facilities. Carcass swabs were collected from three commercial market hog facilities, five times a day for five days, at nine locations throughout harvest from exsanguination to chilling (N = 675). At each sampling interval, a single carcass was tracked through harvest by swabbing the ham, shoulder, and jowl. Samples were analyzed for quantitative and qualitative Salmonella using Gene-Up Quant (log₁₀ CFU/swab; limit of quantification (LOQ) = 1 log₁₀ CFU/swab) and Gene-Up SLM2 (present/absent; limit of detection (LOD) = 1 CFU/swab), respectively. Prevalence data were analyzed in R Studio using linear mixed effect models, with carcass as a repeated measure, and ANOVA with means separated by Tukey’s HSD (p ≤ 0.05). Due to the limited number of quantitative results above the LOQ (n = 7; 1.15–1.56 log₁₀ CFU/swab), statistical analyses were not performed. Salmonella prevalence was impacted by facility (p = 0.006), location (p < 0.001), and the interaction between facility and location (p = 0.004). Across all facilities, Salmonella prevalence was highest on incoming pigs and decreased most significantly after external decontamination. These results indicate that while concentrations may be low, Salmonella contamination is prevalent throughout the pork harvest process, highlighting the need for effective detection systems to develop and evaluate process control strategies.

动物可能是沙门氏菌等病原体的宿主，在收获期间造成交叉污染的可能性。使用抗微生物药物来限制这种风险；但是，在商业环境中验证干预措施可能具有挑战性。本研究的目的是建立一个生物图谱，以评估商业市场生猪设施收获期间沙门氏菌的存在和浓度。从放血到冷却的整个收获过程中，从三个商业市场生猪设施收集胴体拭子，每天5次，持续5天（N = 675）。在每个采样间隔，通过擦拭火腿、肩部和下巴来跟踪单个胴体的收获。分别采用Gene-Up定量（log10 CFU/拭子，定量限(LOQ) = 1 log10 CFU/拭子）和Gene-Up SLM2（存在/不存在，检出限(LOD) = 1 CFU/拭子）对样品进行定量和定性沙门氏菌分析。患病率数据在R Studio中采用线性混合效应模型进行分析，以胴体为重复测量，采用方差分析，均数以Tukey’s HSD分隔（p≤0.05）。由于高于定量限（n = 7; 1.15 - 1.56 log10 CFU/拭子）的定量结果数量有限，未进行统计分析。沙门氏菌感染率受设施（p = 0.006）、地点（p < 0.001）以及设施和地点之间的相互作用（p = 0.004）的影响。在所有设施中，入厂猪的沙门氏菌患病率最高，在外部净化后显著下降。这些结果表明，虽然浓度可能很低，但沙门氏菌污染在整个猪肉收获过程中普遍存在，强调需要有效的检测系统来制定和评估过程控制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Response to: Letter to the editor regarding “Testing Program Critical Control Points (TP-CCPs): Characterizing and Optimizing Decision-making Power in Food Safety Testing (Mosso et al., 2025)” 回复：致编辑的关于“检测程序关键控制点（TP-CCP）：表征和优化食品安全检测中的决策权（Mosso et al., 2025）”的信。

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100664

Joelle Mosso , Gustavo A. Reyes , Barbara Kowalcyk , De Ann Davis

引用次数: 0