Journal of energy storage最新文献_第5页

Optimization design of lithium battery management system based on Z-F composite air cooling structure 基于 Z-F 复合风冷结构的锂电池管理系统优化设计

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114068

In battery thermal management system (BTMS), air cooling is a common cooling strategy to ensure the performance and safety of electric vehicles. To improve the cooling efficiency of air-cooled BTMS, this study designs and optimizes a novel Z-F composite structure BTMS by absorbing and enhancing the Z-step and F-type structures. The cooling performance of the Z-F composite structure BTMS is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The study explores the effects of factors such as the position of the outlet, the number of steps, and the alignment of the step surfaces on the cooling performance of the Z-F composite structure BTMS. The results indicate that: The outlet location has an important impact on the cooling effect. After optimizing the outlet location, the Z-F composite structure BTMS exhibits the lowest maximum temperature (T_max) and temperature difference (ΔT_max), reducing T_max and ΔT_max by 2.69 °C (6.13 %) and 2.565 °C (56.51 %) respectively compared to the Z-type BTMS, and by 1.14 °C (2.69 %) and 0.022 °C (1.10 %) respectively compared to the traditional F-type BTMS. By altering the number of steps and their length, it is found that when the number of steps is seven and the step surfaces are flush with the right side of the cooling channels, the Z-F composite structure BTMS achieves optimal cooling performance. In this configuration, T_max and ΔT_max are reduced by 2.714 °C (6.18 %) and 2.819 °C (62.11 %) respectively compared to the Z-type BTMS. Within the range of 2 to 7 m/s inlet air velocity, as the velocity increases, T_max and ΔT_max gradually decrease, but the pressure drop (ΔP) gradually increases. The pressure drop increases more slowly within the 2 to 4 m/s range, with the optimal inlet air velocity being 4 m/s. In summary, the Z-F composite structure BTMS demonstrates excellent cooling performance under various operating conditions and shows significant potential for practical applications.

在电池热管理系统（BTMS）中，空气冷却是确保电动汽车性能和安全的常用冷却策略。为了提高风冷 BTMS 的冷却效率，本研究通过吸收和增强 Z 型和 F 型结构，设计并优化了新型 Z-F 复合结构 BTMS。采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对 Z-F 复合结构 BTMS 的冷却性能进行了研究。研究探讨了出口位置、阶梯数量和阶梯表面排列等因素对 Z-F 复合结构 BTMS 冷却性能的影响。结果表明出口位置对冷却效果有重要影响。优化出口位置后，Z-F 复合结构 BTMS 的最高温度（Tmax）和温差（ΔTmax）最低，与 Z 型 BTMS 相比，Tmax 和 ΔTmax 分别降低了 2.69 °C（6.13%）和 2.565 °C（56.51%），与传统的 F 型 BTMS 相比，Tmax 和 ΔTmax 分别降低了 1.14 °C（2.69%）和 0.022 °C（1.10%）。通过改变阶梯的数量和长度，可以发现当阶梯的数量为 7 个且阶梯表面与冷却通道右侧齐平时，Z-F 复合结构 BTMS 可达到最佳冷却性能。与 Z 型 BTMS 相比，在这种结构中，Tmax 和 ΔTmax 分别降低了 2.714 °C（6.18 %）和 2.819 °C（62.11 %）。在 2 至 7 m/s 的进气速度范围内，随着速度的增加，Tmax 和 ΔTmax 逐渐降低，但压降 (ΔP) 逐渐增加。在 2 至 4 米/秒的范围内，压降的增加速度较慢，最佳进气速度为 4 米/秒。总之，Z-F 复合结构 BTMS 在各种工作条件下都表现出优异的冷却性能，在实际应用中具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Porous coral-like nickel-cobalt-phosphide composited with graphene nanosheets: A supercapacitive behavior 与石墨烯纳米片复合的多孔珊瑚状镍钴磷化物：超级电容行为

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114083

This research introduces the supercapacitive behavior of porous coral-like nickel-cobalt-phosphide composited with reduced graphene nanosheets (RGNs) using a straightforward one-step hydrothermal process. Several surface and electrochemical methods were used to follow the fabrication and study the electrochemical behavior and supercapacitive charge storage performance of the composite (NiCoP/RGNs) and its ancestors (NiP, CoP, NiP/RGNs, and CoP/RGNs). The effects of each component, NiP, Co, and graphene, on the performance of the composite were studied. In the composite with the optimum proportion of ingredients, the presence of NiP contributed to the high specific capacity, Co enhanced the intrinsic conductivity and electrochemical activity, and graphene significantly increased the surface area and electrical conductivity, leading to improved overall performance of the NiCoP/RGNs composite. The NiCoP/RGNs composite exhibited a uniformly shaped porous nanostructure with coral-like morphology and superior specific capacity of 982 C g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ (2455.6 F g⁻¹), which can be attributed to its substantial specific surface area, notable intrinsic conductivity, and fleeting reversible faradic reaction properties. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), made up of stainless steel modified with NiCoP/RGNs as a positive electrode and industrial active carbon as a negative electrode, revealed a high energy density of 54.63 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 749.49 W kg⁻¹ with 81 % capacity retention after 4000 cycles. The research may open up possibilities for the one-step, straightforward production of highly porous bimetallic phosphide materials, combined with graphene nanosheets, to store electrochemical energy.

本研究介绍了多孔珊瑚状镍-钴-磷化物与还原石墨烯纳米片（RGNs）复合的超级电容行为，该复合材料采用了简单的一步水热法工艺。研究人员采用多种表面和电化学方法跟踪了复合材料（NiCoP/RGNs）及其祖先（NiP、CoP、NiP/RGNs 和 CoP/RGNs）的制备过程，并研究了它们的电化学行为和超级电容性电荷存储性能。研究了各组分（NiP、Co 和石墨烯）对复合材料性能的影响。在最佳成分比例的复合材料中，NiP 的存在有助于提高比容量，Co 提高了本征电导率和电化学活性，而石墨烯则显著增加了比表面积和电导率，从而提高了 NiCoP/RGNs 复合材料的整体性能。镍钴磷/石墨烯复合材料呈现出均匀的多孔珊瑚状纳米结构，在 1 A g-1 时的比容量为 982 C g-1（2455.6 F g-1），这主要归功于其巨大的比表面积、显著的本征电导率和短暂的可逆法拉第反应特性。以镍钴锰酸锂/镍钴锰酸锂修饰的不锈钢为正极、工业活性炭为负极的非对称超级电容器（ASC）在功率密度为 749.49 W kg-1 的情况下，能量密度高达 54.63 W h kg-1，4000 次循环后容量保持率达 81%。这项研究为一步到位、直接生产结合石墨烯纳米片的高多孔双金属磷化物材料来存储电化学能量提供了可能。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal insulation phase-change hydrogel with enhanced mechanical properties for inhibiting thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery module 具有增强机械性能的隔热相变水凝胶，用于抑制锂离子电池模块中的热失控传播

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114102

Thermal runaway (TR) propagation is considered to be a focal safety issue for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and has attracted much attention. In this work, a thermally insulating phase change hydrogel (the material) with enhanced mechanical properties was prepared to effectively inhibit the propagation of thermal runaway in LIBs. The results of microscopic morphology and elemental analysis reveal the synthesis mechanism of the thermal insulation hydrogel. The results of the mechanical property analysis show that the introduction of neopentyl glycol (NPG) and montmorillonite (MMT) increases the maximum compressive strength of the material from 15.58 MPa to 42.87 MPa, and it can effectively cope with extrusion collisions generated when triggered by TR. The thermal stability test results show that the material can absorb the heat generated when TR occurs in LIBs, and the total emission of CO and CO₂ during the heat absorption process is only 2.12 g, which is only 3.98 % of the total amount of emitted gas. The results of the thermal runaway propagation inhibition behavior study show that, compared with the blank control group, when the filler is 2 mm and 4 mm hydrogel, the TR triggering time of the adjacent heat source battery is prolonged by 294 s and 820 s, respectively, and the occurrence of TR in the diagonal battery is successfully blocked. The above results indicate that this material provides an economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for suppressing TR propagation in LIBs modules.

热失控（TR）传播被认为是锂离子电池（LIB）的一个焦点安全问题，并引起了广泛关注。本研究制备了一种具有增强机械性能的热绝缘相变水凝胶（材料），以有效抑制锂离子电池中热失控的传播。微观形貌和元素分析结果揭示了隔热水凝胶的合成机理。力学性能分析结果表明，新戊二醇（NPG）和蒙脱石（MMT）的引入使材料的最大抗压强度从 15.58 兆帕增加到 42.87 兆帕，并能有效地应对 TR 触发时产生的挤压碰撞。热稳定性测试结果表明，该材料可以吸收锂电池发生 TR 时产生的热量，吸热过程中 CO 和 CO2 的总排放量仅为 2.12 克，仅占排放气体总量的 3.98%。热失控传播抑制行为研究结果表明，与空白对照组相比，当填充物为 2 毫米和 4 毫米水凝胶时，相邻热源电池的 TR 触发时间分别延长了 294 秒和 820 秒，成功阻止了对角电池中 TR 的发生。上述结果表明，这种材料为抑制锂离子电池模块中的 TR 传播提供了一种经济、高效和环保的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-objective techno-economic operation of distribution network considering reactive power support from renewable energy and battery storage system 考虑可再生能源和电池储能系统无功功率支持的配电网多目标技术经济运行

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114116

In the modern power system, the integration of distributed energy resources are increases day-by-day and the energy sector becomes more flexible and efficient in terms of optimal power flow and environmental concerns. These resources require effective management of intermittent energy supplies which offer significant challenges to meet the active and reactive energy demand of the smart distribution network (SDN). Hence the appropriate scheduling optimization approach is required to meet the objectives for effective operation of the SDN. This paper presents an optimal operation of SDN involving the optimum scheduling of distributed resources, renewables, and BESS penetration to enhance the economic benefits. A techno-economic MO-MINLP model for proper functioning of SDN is proposed to minimize two objectives i.e., day-ahead total operation cost and total active power losses. For effective and economic operation of SDN, the reactive power support is taken through DG, PV, WT, and BESS system in addition to conventional utility grid. Moreover, the demand response program is also implemented to offer load reduction during peak load hours of the day. A weighted summation approach followed by fuzzy satisfy criterion is employed to solve MOOP which gives different pareto solutions considering both the objectives and find the best optimum solution. The proposed MO-MINLP model is solved through DICOPT solver in GAMS environment on the modified IEEE-33 bus network integrated with PV, WT, and BESS system. The significant improvement in both the objectives as the operation cost reduces by 6.38 % and total active power losses reduce by 56.3 % considering additional reactive power support from PV, WT and BESS. Moreover, by employing DRP besides reactive power support, further reduces the operation cost by 11.09 % and total active power losses by 53.75 %. It proves that the proposed MO-MINLP model is an efficient and economic method for resolving challenging optimal scheduling problems in smart distribution networks.

在现代电力系统中，分布式能源资源的整合与日俱增，能源部门在优化电力流动和环境问题方面变得更加灵活和高效。这些资源要求对间歇性能源供应进行有效管理，这为满足智能配电网（SDN）的有功和无功能源需求带来了巨大挑战。因此，需要采用适当的调度优化方法来实现 SDN 有效运行的目标。本文提出了一种 SDN 优化运行方法，涉及分布式资源、可再生能源和 BESS 渗透率的优化调度，以提高经济效益。本文为 SDN 的正常运行提出了一个技术经济 MO-MINLP 模型，以最小化两个目标，即日前总运行成本和总有功功率损耗。为了使 SDN 有效、经济地运行，除了传统的公用电网外，还通过 DG、PV、WT 和 BESS 系统提供无功功率支持。此外，还实施了需求响应计划，以在一天中的高峰负荷时段降低负荷。采用加权求和法和模糊满足准则来求解 MOOP，在考虑两个目标的情况下给出不同的帕累托解决方案，并找到最佳的最优解决方案。通过 GAMS 环境中的 DICOPT 求解器，在集成了光伏、风电和 BESS 系统的改进型 IEEE-33 总线网络上求解了所提出的 MO-MINLP 模型。结果表明，考虑到来自光伏、风电和 BESS 的额外无功功率支持，运行成本降低了 6.38%，总有功功率损耗降低了 56.3%，这两个目标都得到了明显改善。此外，除了无功功率支持外，还采用了 DRP，进一步降低了 11.09 % 的运行成本和 53.75 % 的总有功功率损耗。这证明，所提出的 MO-MINLP 模型是解决智能配电网中具有挑战性的优化调度问题的一种高效、经济的方法。

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引用次数: 0

The application of pulse response analysis method in lithium-ion battery modeling and state estimation 脉冲响应分析方法在锂离子电池建模和状态估计中的应用

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114074

Battery management depends on accurate battery models. However, comprehensive battery models are often complicated and computationally demanding, limiting their practical usage, Researchers aim to simplify and improve models for better system efficiency. This paper introduces a pulse response (PR) analysis method to describe battery polarization characteristics. By combining PR analysis, convolution theory, Kalman algorithm, and regression algorithm, we propose a precise calculation method for the battery's pulse response function and establish a simplified battery model structure. Under dynamic conditions, the simulated terminal voltage error using the pulse response model is <0.4 %, showcasing its accuracy. Additionally, the State of Charge (SOC) estimation error remains below 0.5 %, further highlighting the model's reliability. Furthermore, the paper introduces a rapid State of Health (SOH) estimation approach using pulse response functions and time coefficient (TC) methodology. This method achieves precise SOH estimation with an error of <0.2 % through linear regression based on a 1 s pulse and 5 s relaxation. Our method effectively avoids the subjective biases that conventional methods may encounter in parameter identification and feature extraction, providing a more objective basis for battery simulation and management. This makes our method highly suitable for engineering applications and contributes to enhancing battery management performance.

电池管理依赖于精确的电池模型。然而，全面的电池模型通常比较复杂，计算要求高，限制了其实际应用。研究人员旨在简化和改进模型，以提高系统效率。本文介绍了一种描述电池极化特性的脉冲响应（PR）分析方法。通过结合脉冲响应分析、卷积理论、卡尔曼算法和回归算法，我们提出了电池脉冲响应函数的精确计算方法，并建立了简化的电池模型结构。在动态条件下，使用脉冲响应模型模拟的端电压误差为 0.4%，显示了其精确性。此外，充电状态（SOC）估计误差保持在 0.5 % 以下，进一步突出了模型的可靠性。此外，论文还介绍了一种使用脉冲响应函数和时间系数 (TC) 方法的快速健康状态 (SOH) 估算方法。该方法通过基于 1 秒脉冲和 5 秒放松的线性回归，实现了精确的 SOH 估计，误差为 0.2%。我们的方法有效避免了传统方法在参数识别和特征提取方面可能遇到的主观偏差，为电池模拟和管理提供了更客观的依据。这使得我们的方法非常适合工程应用，并有助于提高电池管理性能。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-closed-loop constant-current constant-strain fast charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries 锂离子电池的多闭环恒流恒应变快速充电策略

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114031

Fast charging is considered the key technology of electric vehicles. Battery expansion is critical during the charging process, reflecting the battery's state and performance. However, most of the current research has ignored the expansion of the battery during charging, which will increase the capacity and performance loss during charging. Therefore, a constant-current constant-strain (CC-CS) charging strategy with multiple closed-loop control is proposed in this paper. The proposed strategy adds a strain control loop to the traditional constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) charging strategy. The strain control loop can realize real-time strain control by adjusting the charging current, eliminating the need for complex models. In the study, the CC-CS strategy achieved fast charging of 0 to 80 % SOC in 10.2 min with a cycle life of more than 500 cycles. Compared to the CC-CV charging strategy, the CC-CS strategy reduces the charging time by 6.7 % and the capacity loss by 36.24 % at the same expansion strain limit. Under the same charging speed, the CC-CS strategy reduces the expansion strain by 8.9 % and the capacity loss by 53.96 %. In summary, the proposed CC-CS charging strategy can improve the charging speed and reduce capacity loss, which shows the superiority of this strategy.

快速充电被认为是电动汽车的关键技术。电池在充电过程中的膨胀至关重要，它反映了电池的状态和性能。然而，目前大多数研究都忽略了充电过程中电池的膨胀，这将增加充电过程中的容量和性能损失。因此，本文提出了一种具有多重闭环控制的恒流恒应变（CC-CS）充电策略。该策略在传统的恒流恒压（CC-CV）充电策略中增加了应变控制环。应变控制环可通过调节充电电流实现实时应变控制，无需复杂的模型。在研究中，CC-CS 策略在 10.2 分钟内实现了 0% SOC 到 80% SOC 的快速充电，循环寿命超过 500 次。与 CC-CV 充电策略相比，在相同的膨胀应变限制下，CC-CS 策略缩短了 6.7% 的充电时间，减少了 36.24% 的容量损失。在相同的充电速度下，CC-CS 策略减少了 8.9 % 的膨胀应变，减少了 53.96 % 的容量损失。总之，所提出的 CC-CS 充电策略既能提高充电速度，又能减少容量损失，显示了该策略的优越性。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable and reliability based coalition forming model for smart multi-microgrid systems considering battery and water storage systems 基于可持续和可靠性的智能多微网系统联盟形成模型（考虑电池和蓄水系统

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114050

This paper proposes a stochastic coalition-forming mechanism to determine the best structure for cooperation among microgrids in the distribution networks. In this model, the microgrids perform group decision-making to simultaneously minimize their operating cost and energy not supplied by cooperation with other neighbor microgrids. Each microgrid has different options for cooperation with other microgrids and each option is considered as a strategy. Each strategy imposes a consequence for microgrids, and the utility concept is provided to evaluate its consequence. Also, the proposed model considers the uncertainty of renewable energy resources to ensure the results in both isolated and grid-connected modes. This mechanism provides peer-to-peer energy trading among microgrids so that each microgrid transacts its surplus electricity to other cooperator microgrids when needed. In addition to renewable energy sources, controllable resources, and energy storage systems, each microgrid is integrated with the destination unit and water storage tank to supply the required freshwater for the customers. The proposed model is tested on the general case study, and the simulation results are compared with the non-cooperative framework. The results show that the proposed coalition-forming model reduces the energy not supplied by 301.63 kWh and 146.89 kWh, in the islanded and grid-connected modes, respectively.

本文提出了一种随机联盟形成机制，以确定配电网中微电网之间的最佳合作结构。在这一模型中，微电网执行群体决策，以同时最小化其运营成本和通过与其他相邻微电网合作而未供应的能源。每个微电网都有与其他微电网合作的不同选择，每个选择都被视为一种策略。每种策略都会给微电网带来一定的后果，并提供实用性概念来评估其后果。此外，建议的模型还考虑了可再生能源的不确定性，以确保在孤立和并网模式下都能取得结果。该机制在微电网之间提供点对点能源交易，以便每个微电网在需要时将其剩余电力交易给其他合作微电网。除了可再生能源、可控资源和储能系统外，每个微电网还集成了目的单元和储水箱，为客户提供所需的淡水。在一般案例研究中对所提出的模型进行了测试，并将模拟结果与非合作框架进行了比较。结果表明，在孤岛模式和并网模式下，建议的联盟形成模型分别减少了 301.63 千瓦时和 146.89 千瓦时的未供应能源。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-walled Bi2O3/Bi@C particles as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries 作为锂离子电池高性能负极材料的多壁 Bi2O3/Bi@C 颗粒

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114024

Bismuth (Bi) based materials possess an excellent volumetric capacity (3800 mAh cm⁻³), but their application is hindered by significant volume expansion and slow reaction kinetics during cycling. This study proposes a multi-walled strategy to synthesize multi-walled Bi₂O₃, effectively mitigating volume expansion during cycling. Building on this approach, we develop a multi-walled Bi₂O₃/Bi@C composite electrode, incorporating pseudocapacitance to further enhance its electrochemical performance. During subsequent charge-discharge cycles, the multi-walled Bi₂O₃/Bi@C composite electrode demonstrates satisfactory performance. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, it maintains a stable capacity of 280 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles, with a high energy density of 183 Wh/kg. Even at a current density of 1 A/g, the capacity remains stable at 180 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles. Through extensive cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) tests, we reveal the reaction kinetics of the composite. The results show a pseudocapacitive contribution of 75.62 % at a scan rate of 1.0 mV/s and a calculated Li⁺ diffusion coefficient (D_Li⁺) ranging from 10⁻¹² to 10⁻¹⁴ cm²/s. Furthermore, we identify six electrode reaction processes associated with solution resistance (Re), SEI film formation (Rs), charge transfer resistance (Rct), and ion diffusion resistance (Wo). This study provides new insights into developing high-performance and long-lasting Bi-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

铋（Bi）基材料具有出色的体积容量（3800 mAh cm-3），但其应用却受到循环过程中显著的体积膨胀和缓慢反应动力学的阻碍。本研究提出了一种合成多壁 Bi₂O₃的策略，可有效缓解循环过程中的体积膨胀。在此基础上，我们开发了一种多壁 Bi₂O₃/Bi@C 复合电极，并结合了假电容技术以进一步提高其电化学性能。在随后的充放电循环中，多壁 Bi₂O₃/Bi@C 复合电极表现出令人满意的性能。在 0.5 A/g 的电流密度下，它在 500 次循环后仍能保持 280 mAh g-1 的稳定容量，能量密度高达 183 Wh/kg。即使在电流密度为 1 A/g 时，经过 500 次循环后，其容量仍稳定在 180 mAh g-1。通过大量的循环伏安法（CV）、电静电间歇滴定技术（GITT）和弛豫时间分布（DRT）测试，我们揭示了该复合材料的反应动力学。结果表明，在扫描速率为 1.0 mV/s 时，伪电容贡献率为 75.62%，计算得出的 Li+ 扩散系数 (DLi+) 为 10-12 至 10-14 cm2/s。此外，我们还确定了与溶液电阻 (Re)、SEI 膜形成 (Rs)、电荷转移电阻 (Rct) 和离子扩散电阻 (Wo) 相关的六个电极反应过程。这项研究为开发高性能、长寿命的锂离子电池铋基阳极提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Fuzzy logic-based intelligent energy management framework for hybrid PV-wind-battery system: A case study of commercial building in Malaysia 基于模糊逻辑的光伏-风能-电池混合系统智能能源管理框架：马来西亚商业建筑案例研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114109

A conventional way of generating electricity that relies on the combustion of fossil fuel brings negative consequences such as oil depletion and global warming. Hence, renewable energies (REs), including solar/photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, tidal wave, fuel cells, etc. are emerging rapidly throughout the world due to overcoming the challenges above. Typically, for a standalone system or grid-connected system, single RE is not very prominent due to unpredictable weather conditions, intermittency, and inconsistency. Hence, multiple REs are preferred to avoid energy interruption to end-consumers. In this research, a grid-connected system, which hybridizes PV and wind and integrates battery storage is proposed and developed. In that case, a proper energy management system is essential to ensure that the energy flow is under control and within the accepted tolerances. Recently, there have been limited studies conducted on the energy management framework of hybrid systems in Johor Malaysia. Therefore, an intelligent framework for energy management is designed and developed using fuzzy logic to assure the optimal performance of the developed hybrid system in Johor Malaysia. The fuzzy logic controller is designed for managing the power flow between the hybrid system and utility grid, to ensure the load is being supplied continuously. The proposed energy management framework is verified with the simulated load demand and load demand data of one commercial building of FKE, UTM Johor Bahru. The obtained result shows good performance and stability. The varying load demand of the commercial buildings is fulfilled although under intermittent solar and wind resources. The power is consumed from the utility grid when insufficient power is generated. While the surplus power generated is fed to the utility grid. As a result, the power balance among the hybrid system, load, and utility grid is accomplished. Hence, it is verified that the proposed intelligent energy management framework is feasible to be implemented in commercial buildings in Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

依靠燃烧化石燃料发电的传统方式会带来石油枯竭和全球变暖等负面影响。因此，为了克服上述挑战，包括太阳能/光伏（PV）、风能、潮汐能、燃料电池等在内的可再生能源（RE）正在全球迅速兴起。通常情况下，对于独立系统或并网系统而言，单一可再生能源由于不可预测的天气条件、间歇性和不稳定性，并不十分突出。因此，为了避免终端用户的能源中断，最好使用多种可再生能源。本研究提出并开发了一种光伏和风能混合并网系统，并集成了电池储能。在这种情况下，适当的能源管理系统对于确保能源流在可控范围内并在可接受的容差范围内至关重要。最近，马来西亚柔佛州对混合系统能源管理框架的研究十分有限。因此，我们利用模糊逻辑设计和开发了一个能源管理智能框架，以确保马来西亚柔佛州开发的混合动力系统达到最佳性能。设计的模糊逻辑控制器用于管理混合动力系统和公用电网之间的电力流，以确保持续为负载供电。建议的能源管理框架通过模拟负载需求和柔佛新山大学 FKE 一幢商业楼的负载需求数据进行了验证。结果表明，该框架具有良好的性能和稳定性。虽然太阳能和风能资源时有时无，但商业建筑的不同负荷需求都能得到满足。当发电量不足时，电力将从公用电网中消耗。而产生的剩余电力则馈入公用电网。因此，混合系统、负载和公用电网之间的电力平衡得以实现。因此，经过验证，所提出的智能能源管理框架在马来西亚新山的商业建筑中是可行的。

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引用次数: 0

Performance investigation of integrated thermal management system for electric vehicle with waste heat recovery of electric drive system 带电力驱动系统余热回收功能的电动汽车集成热管理系统性能研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114075

At low ambient temperatures, the battery discharge efficiency is low and the comfort of the cabin is poor, so it is inevitable to heat the cabin and the battery system to ensure the comfort of the cabin and the discharge efficiency of the battery. In this paper, an integrated thermal management system (TMS) model for pure electric vehicle (EV) with heat pump air conditioning (HPAC) and waste heat recovery (WHR) of electric drive system (EDS) is developed, and the model includes battery TMS, EDS TMS and cabin TMS. In the model, the battery is heated by motor WHR and reducer WHR, while the cabin is heated by HPAC and motor WHR, and different heating strategies are formulated at different ambient temperatures. In addition, in order to increase the temperature of the battery and the cabin rapidly, the motor blocking and motor inefficiency heating strategies are formulated to increase the waste heat (WH) recovered from the EDS to the cabin and the battery at low temperatures. The purpose of the TMS is to reduce the energy consumption (EC) of the EV for heating and increase the EV range under the premise of heating the cabin and battery at low temperatures. The results show that after using HPAC and WHR of the EDS instead of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater to heat the battery and the cabin, the battery state of charge (SOC) increased by 0.4 %, 0.8 %, 1.4 %, and 1.3 %, respectively, at ambient temperatures of −20 °C, −10 °C, 0 °C, and 5 °C after 6 NEDC cycles. And at ambient temperatures of −20 °C, −10 °C, 0 °C and 5 °C, the EV range increased by 31.622 km, 30.513 km, 17.494 km and 19.352 km, respectively.

在环境温度较低时，电池的放电效率较低，车厢的舒适性较差，因此必须对车厢和电池系统进行加热，以保证车厢的舒适性和电池的放电效率。本文针对纯电动汽车（EV）的热泵空调（HPAC）和电驱动系统（EDS）的余热回收（WHR）建立了一个集成热管理系统（TMS）模型，该模型包括电池 TMS、EDS TMS 和座舱 TMS。在该模型中，电池通过电机余热回收和减速器余热回收进行加热，而座舱则通过 HPAC 和电机余热回收进行加热，并在不同环境温度下制定了不同的加热策略。此外，为了快速提高电池和机舱的温度，还制定了电机闭锁和电机低效加热策略，以增加低温时从 EDS 回收到机舱和电池的废热（WH）。TMS的目的是在低温加热车厢和电池的前提下，降低电动汽车加热能耗（EC），增加电动汽车续航里程。结果表明，使用 EDS 的 HPAC 和 WHR 代替正温度系数（PTC）加热器加热电池和座舱后，在环境温度为 -20 °C、-10 °C、0 °C 和 5 °C 时，经过 6 个 NEDC 循环后，电池的充电状态（SOC）分别增加了 0.4 %、0.8 %、1.4 % 和 1.3 %。而在环境温度为-20 °C、-10 °C、0 °C和5 °C时，电动汽车的续航里程分别增加了31.622公里、30.513公里、17.494公里和19.352公里。

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