Journal of energy storage最新文献_第3页

Three-configuration performance assessment and optimization of Carnot batteries with low-temperature thermal integration coupled to organic Rankine cycles 低温热集成有机朗肯循环卡诺电池三组态性能评估与优化

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120825

Peng Li , Haipeng Yin , Yilin Yang , Chang Zhou , Zhi Wang , Zhonghe Han

As an emerging thermoelectric storage solution, pumped thermal energy storage (PTES), alternatively termed Carnot battery, plays a vital role in bridging the supply-demand gap between intermittent renewable generation and grid consumption, operating through a dual-mode cycle of electrical charging and thermal discharging to enhance overall energy efficiency. Based on a heat pump-organic Rankine cycle, three Rankine-based Carnot battery architectures were constructed in this paper, with innovative incorporation of internally regenerated configuration and reversible design. Parametric analysis reveals three distinct pathways to enhance system thermodynamic efficiency (encompassing both power-to-power efficiency and exergy efficiency): (1) elevating thermal storage temperature, (2) reducing pinch point temperature difference, (3) improving critical component efficiencies. Increased turbine and compressor efficiencies similarly boost system thermodynamic performance, though notably, the LCOS exhibits higher sensitivity to turbine efficiency compared to compressor efficiency. Furthermore, under fixed heat source conditions, a fundamental trade-off emerges between the thermodynamic metric η_p2p and economic indicator LCOS, thus necessitating a systematic multi-objective optimization. The internally regenerated reversible configuration Carnot battery (R-RCCB) emerges as the most thermoeconomically viable configuration in the optimization results, with the η_p2p escalates from 90% to 118% as LCOS increases from $0.33/kWh to $0.43/kWh.

作为一种新兴的热电储能解决方案，抽水蓄能（PTES），也称为卡诺电池，在弥合间歇性可再生能源发电和电网消费之间的供需差距方面发挥着至关重要的作用，通过充电和热放电的双模式循环运行，以提高整体能源效率。基于热泵-有机朗肯循环，构建了三种基于朗肯的卡诺电池结构，创新地结合了内部再生结构和可逆设计。参数分析揭示了提高系统热力学效率（包括功率对功率效率和火用效率）的三种不同途径：(1)提高储热温度，(2)减小夹点温差，(3)提高关键部件效率。涡轮和压气机效率的提高同样提高了系统的热力学性能，尽管值得注意的是，LCOS对涡轮效率的敏感度高于压缩机效率。此外，在固定热源条件下，热力学指标η - p2p与经济指标LCOS之间存在根本性的权衡，因此需要进行系统的多目标优化。内部再生可逆卡诺电池（R-RCCB）是优化结果中最具热经济可行性的配置，当LCOS从0.33美元/千瓦时增加到0.43美元/千瓦时，η - p2p从90%上升到118%。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on combustion characteristics and suppression mechanism of thermal runaway venting gas of lithium iron phosphate batteries in discharge-heating coupling 磷酸铁锂电池放电-加热耦合燃烧特性及热失控排气抑制机理研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120615

Fangzhou Li , Jian Chen , Kuo Wang , Yue Zhang , Xingtong Wu , Lin Yu , Qing Wang , Yuhui Wang , Jianqi Zhang , Xinming Qian

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are widely used in energy storage systems and commercial vehicles due to high safety, cycle life and stability. However, the LFP batteries remain susceptible to thermal runaway (TR) under extreme conditions. In this work, 25 Ah LFP cells were employed to investigate the coupled effects of discharge and external heating on TR behavior and gas generation. Furthermore, the effects of different suppressants on TR venting gas combined with electrolyte solvent combustion were analyzed using CHEMKIN. The results show that at 100% SOC, the cell exhibits the maximum temperature (361 °C) and the shortest triggering time (447 s), the highest proportion of H₂ (60.4%), indicating a most explosion risk. Among the suppressants, trimethyl phosphate (TMP) demonstrates the most effective suppression, reducing flame temperature, laminar flame velocity, and net heat production by 32.6%, 97.5%, and 99.5%, respectively. In contrast, heptafluoropropane (FM200) and perfluorohexanone (Novec-1230) show weaker inhibition and produce HF as a by-product. This study provides both theoretical and experimental insights into TR mitigation and supports the development of efficient and environmentally friendly flame extinguishing agent for LFP batteries.

磷酸铁锂（LFP）电池因其高安全性、高循环寿命和高稳定性，被广泛应用于储能系统和商用车中。然而，在极端条件下，LFP电池仍然容易发生热失控（TR）。在这项工作中，采用25 Ah的LFP电池来研究放电和外部加热对TR行为和气体生成的耦合影响。在此基础上，利用CHEMKIN分析了不同抑制剂对TR排气与电解质溶剂混合燃烧的影响。结果表明：在100%荷电状态下，电池温度最高（361℃），触发时间最短（447 s）， H2含量最高（60.4%），爆炸危险性最大；其中，磷酸三甲酯（TMP）的抑制效果最好，可将火焰温度、层流火焰速度和净产热量分别降低32.6%、97.5%和99.5%。相比之下，七氟丙烷（FM200）和全氟己酮（novc -1230）的抑制作用较弱，并产生HF作为副产物。该研究为减少TR提供了理论和实验见解，并为开发高效环保的LFP电池灭火剂提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Interplay of crystal phase and morphology in WO3 for aqueous ammonium ion batteries: Decoupling their respective roles in NH4+ storage performance 水铵离子电池中WO3晶体相和形态的相互作用：解耦它们各自在NH4+存储性能中的作用

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120894

Melisa Uçan, Dilara Özgenç, Yıldıray Topcu, Burak Tekin

The development of high-performance aqueous ammonium-ion batteries (AAIBs) requires a deeper understanding of how a material's crystal phase and morphology govern its charge storage. This study decouples this interplay in WO₃, engineering distinct polymorphs through controlled synthesis. Through precise hydrothermal synthesis and quantitative Rietveld analysis, we engineered distinct WO₃ polymorphs, revealing that a monoclinic-dominant phase (86.4% monoclinic, 13.6% hexagonal) delivers superior performance over other crystal structures. The optimal performance of this monoclinic-dominant WO₃ was achieved in a 2 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ electrolyte, yielding a specific capacity of ~60 mAh/g and exceptional long-term stability with 96% capacity retention over 300 cycles. In a WO₃//graphite full-cell configuration, this material enabled an impressive energy density of 32.5 Wh/kg and a power density of 238 W/kg. The superior kinetics of the monoclinic phase were quantitatively confirmed by its high NH₄⁺ diffusion coefficient, with values of 2.49 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ (anodic) and 2.10 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ (cathodic), significantly outperforming the mixed-phase and hexagonal-rich samples. Furthermore, ex-situ FTIR analysis provided direct evidence of the NH₄⁺ intercalation process, revealing characteristic NH bonding vibrations within the WO₃ host. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed NH₄⁺ intercalation at the chemical-state level, revealing the emergence of N 1s signals associated with hydrogen-bonded ammonium species and a reversible W⁶⁺/W⁵⁺ redox transition that provides Faradaic charge compensation during cycling. This work definitively establishes the monoclinic phase as the optimal host for NH₄⁺ storage. It provides a critical design principle: long-term cyclability hinges more on structural integrity than on theoretical kinetics alone.

高性能水铵离子电池（AAIBs）的发展需要更深入地了解材料的晶体相和形态如何影响其电荷存储。这项研究将WO3中的这种相互作用解耦，通过控制合成来设计不同的多态性。通过精确的水热合成和定量的Rietveld分析，我们设计了不同的WO3多晶，揭示了单斜优势相（86.4%的单斜相，13.6%的六方相）比其他晶体结构具有更好的性能。这种单斜型WO3在2m (NH4)2SO4电解质中获得了最佳性能，产生了~60 mAh/g的比容量和优异的长期稳定性，在300次循环中容量保持率为96%。在WO3/石墨全电池结构中，该材料实现了32.5 Wh/kg的能量密度和238 W/kg的功率密度。单斜相具有较高的NH4+扩散系数，分别为2.49 × 10−9 cm2 s−1（阳极）和2.10 × 10−9 cm2 s−1（阴极），明显优于混合相和富六方体样品。此外，非原位FTIR分析提供了NH4+嵌入过程的直接证据，揭示了WO3主体内部的特征nhh键振动。互补x射线光电子能谱（XPS）进一步证实了NH4+在化学态水平上的插层作用，揭示了与氢键态铵相关的n1s信号的出现，以及在循环过程中提供法拉第电荷补偿的可逆W6+/W5+氧化还原跃迁。这项工作明确地确立了单斜相是储存NH4+的最佳宿主。它提供了一个关键的设计原则：长期可循环性更多地取决于结构完整性，而不仅仅是理论动力学。

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引用次数: 0

The use of additive manufacturing technology in hydrogen storage reactors: The effect of integrating AlSi10Mg, 316L stainless steel and CuCr1Zr metal foams on the desorption process 增材制造技术在储氢反应器中的应用：AlSi10Mg、316L不锈钢和CuCr1Zr金属泡沫集成对解吸过程的影响

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120851

Atef Chibani , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Chahrazed Boucetta , Mohammed Amin Nassim Haddad , Slimane Merouani , Mohamed Kezzar , Riad Badji , Samir Gouga , Halim Merabti , Cherif Bougriou

The low thermal conductivity of metal hydrides (MH) powders such as LaNi₅ severly limits hydrogen desorption rates, leading to slow reaction kinetics and inefficient system performance. While metal foams are recognized as potential thermal enhancers in MH reactors, a systematic comparison of commercially relevant, additively manufactured foam alloys remains largely unexplored. This addresses this gap by developping a novel, validated numerical 2D model that comparatively evaluates additive manufacturing-compatible cellular foams (AlSi10Mg, 316L stainless steel, and CuCr1Zr) integrated into LaNi₅ reactor for hydrogen desorption enhancement. The model couples mass, energy, and reaction-kinetics equations to quantify how alloy-specific thermophysical properties, porosity (89–93%), and external convection jointly gouvern temperature evolution and desorption performance. Key results demostrate that metal foam integration substantially improves reactor performance compared to a convential packed bed. Among the investigated materils, CuCr1Zr exibits the best performance due to its superior thermal conductivity. Reducing the time required to complete hydrogen desorption by up to 50% relaive to foam free reactor, compared to approximatly 42% and 31% reductions achieved with AlSi10Mg, and 316L stainless steel foams, respectivally. When porosity effects are considered, CuCr1Zr foam achieve desorption time reduction of approximatly 62%, 50%, and 39% at porosities of 89%, 91% and 93%, respectively, compared to the basline reactor without metal foam. These results highlight the critical trade off between permeability and conductive heat transfer. The findings provide quantative design guidelines for high performance hydrogen storage systems, emphasizing the dominant role of the the thermal enhancement strategies in overcoming kinetic limitations during endothermic desorption.

LaNi5等金属氢化物（MH）粉末的低导热性严重限制了氢的解吸速率，导致反应动力学缓慢，系统性能低下。虽然金属泡沫被认为是MH反应器中潜在的热增强剂，但与商业相关的增材制造泡沫合金的系统比较仍未得到充分研究。该研究通过开发一种新的、经过验证的二维数值模型来解决这一问题，该模型比较评估了与增材制造兼容的多孔泡沫（AlSi10Mg、316L不锈钢和CuCr1Zr）集成到LaNi5反应器中增强氢解吸的效果。该模型将质量、能量和反应动力学方程结合起来，量化合金特有的热物理性质、孔隙率（89-93%）和外部对流如何共同影响温度演化和解吸性能。关键结果表明，与传统填料床相比，金属泡沫集成大大提高了反应器的性能。在所研究的材料中，CuCr1Zr由于其优越的导热性而表现出最好的性能。与无泡沫反应器相比，完成氢解吸所需的时间减少了50%，而AlSi10Mg和316L不锈钢泡沫分别减少了约42%和31%。当考虑孔隙度影响时，在孔隙度为89%、91%和93%时，CuCr1Zr泡沫的解吸时间分别比无金属泡沫的基准反应器减少了约62%、50%和39%。这些结果突出了渗透率和传导性传热之间的关键权衡。研究结果为高性能储氢系统的定量设计提供了指导，强调了热增强策略在克服吸热解吸过程中的动力学限制方面的主导作用。

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引用次数: 0

Multiferroic SmFeO3 reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride based solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries 锂金属电池用多铁SmFeO3增强聚偏氟乙烯固态电解质

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120789

Zhiruo Tang , Hong Zhang , Liangmao Liu , Yilin Xu , Zhicheng Li

As the next-generation energy storage devices, solid-state lithium metal batteries have attracted much attention due to their excellent safety and high energy density. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based polymer electrolytes offer several advantages, including high thermal stability, high electrochemical stability, and workability. The low ionic conductivity restricts their practical applications. In this work, composite solid-state electrolyte (CSE) membranes based on PVDF were prepared by incorporating multiferroic SmFeO₃ fillers. The SmFeO₃ fillers enhance lithium salt dissociation in CSEs, resulting in ionic conductivity as high as 1.50 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 25 °C. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties of the SmFeO₃ fillers, a robust and dense solid electrolyte interphase containing LiF is formed, Li-ions uniformly deposit on the surface of anode metallic lithium, thereby suppressing the formation and growth of lithium dendrites during the electrochemistry processes. The assembled Li|CSE|Li symmetric cells exhibit long-cycle performance (over 4800 h) under a current density of 0.1 mA h cm⁻² at 25 °C. The Li|CSE|NCM811 batteries, assembled with LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) as the cathode, exhibit good cycle stability with a capacity retention rate of 83% and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.3% after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.5C and 25 °C.

固态锂金属电池作为下一代储能器件，因其优异的安全性和高能量密度而备受关注。聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）基聚合物电解质具有多种优点，包括高热稳定性、高电化学稳定性和可加工性。离子电导率低限制了它们的实际应用。在本工作中，通过加入多铁SmFeO3填料制备了基于PVDF的复合固态电解质（CSE）膜。SmFeO3填料增强了锂盐在CSEs中的解离，在25℃时离子电导率高达1.50 × 10−4 S cm−1。得益于SmFeO3填料的铁电性和铁磁性的协同作用，形成了坚固致密的含LiF的固体电解质界面，锂离子均匀沉积在阳极金属锂表面，从而抑制了电化学过程中锂枝晶的形成和生长。在25°C下，在0.1 mA h cm−2的电流密度下，组装的Li|CSE|Li对称电池具有长周期性能（超过4800 h）。以LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 （NCM811）为阴极组装的Li|CSE|NCM811电池在0.5C和25℃的电流密度下，经过200次循环后，容量保持率为83%，平均库仑效率为99.3%，具有良好的循环稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

An adaptive 2D + 1D multi-physics network model for fast and accurate simulation of metal hydride reactor: Framework and verification 快速准确模拟金属氢化物反应器的自适应2D + 1D多物理场网络模型：框架与验证

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120836

Wang-Xin Yang, Zhao Liu, Wei-Wei Yang, Li-Dong Song, Bo-Wen Zeng, Jian-Fei Zhang, Zhi-Guo Qu

Developing fast and efficient predictive models for metal hydride (MH) reactors is crucial for large-scale reactor design, performance prediction, and control system application. Based on the lumped-body concept and conservation laws, this study proposes a novel 2D + 1D multi-physics network model for metal hydride (MH) reactors. This model is developed to tackle the challenges of high computational cost in traditional CFD models and the poor adaptability of traditional reduced-order models, especially when the reactors have complex heat transfer configurations. The model couples heat transfer, mass transfer and chemical reactions with axially dividing the reactor into layers (1D component) and treating them as a series of interconnected sub-reactors. The cross-sectional MH reactors structure within each layer is adaptively constructed using an image recognition method, accurately and conveniently capturing the reactor's structural features. The structural features are stored in the reactor characteristic matrix. Each element represents a 3D cube interconnected via thermal and flow resistance networks. The proposed model is validated under varying operation conditions for several different MH reactors. For all test cases, the maximum absolute error in hydrogen saturation is 4 × 10⁻², and the relative error in the average bed temperature is 2.2%. Compared to 3D CFD simulations the proposed model improves the computational efficiency by about 15–40 times with maintaining fidelity under the test cases. The proposed model framework supports expansion across multiple application scenarios, such as thermal integration systems coupled with fuel cells, and thus possesses certain practical engineering value.

建立快速、高效的金属氢化物（MH）反应器预测模型对大型反应器设计、性能预测和控制系统应用具有重要意义。基于集总体概念和守恒定律，提出了一种新的金属氢化物（MH）反应器二维+一维多物理场网络模型。该模型是针对传统CFD模型计算成本高和传统降阶模型适应性差的问题而开发的，特别是当反应器具有复杂的传热构型时。该模型将传热、传质和化学反应耦合在一起，将反应器轴向分层（1D组件），并将其视为一系列相互连接的子反应器。采用图像识别方法自适应构建每层MH反应器的截面结构，准确方便地捕捉反应器的结构特征。结构特征存储在反应器特征矩阵中。每个元素代表一个三维立方体，通过热和流动阻力网络相互连接。在不同的MH反应器运行条件下，对该模型进行了验证。在所有测试用例中，氢饱和度的最大绝对误差为4 × 10−2，平均床层温度的相对误差为2.2%。与三维CFD模拟相比，该模型在保持测试用例保真度的情况下，计算效率提高了约15-40倍。所提出的模型框架支持跨多种应用场景的扩展，例如热集成系统与燃料电池的耦合，因此具有一定的实际工程价值。

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引用次数: 0

Economic feasibility assessment of calcium looping energy storage and carbon capture with multi-market modelling approach 基于多市场模型的钙环储能和碳捕集的经济可行性评估

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120718

Ella Asikainen , Sini Huhtinen , Erkki Laurila , Mika Järvinen

Long-duration energy storage is essential for renewable energy systems due to increasing variability in power grids. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of a potential technology, calcium looping thermochemical energy storage (CaL TCES), within the Finnish electricity market, employing the multi-market modelling tool Predicer. The objective of the study is to improve economic feasibility assessment of CaL TCES by optimizing the system's participation in multiple electricity markets. A case study is explored where CaL TCES is integrated into a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plant for both energy storage and carbon capture.

Results show that participation in both spot day-ahead and manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR) markets increases operational hours, and revenue compared to spot market participation alone, with electricity market revenue increasing 56% and 79% in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Despite this, the net present value (NPV) remains negative. The break-even selling price of electricity (BESP) was 463 €/MWh, with an NPV of −115 M€.

Investment costs dominate lifetime costs, even with potential reductions through industrial integration. Revenues from CO₂ utilization and district heat exceed those from the electricity market, highlighting that electricity market revenues alone are insufficient for economic viability. Sensitivity analyses suggest that profitability could be achieved with simultaneous changes in several economic components: 30% decrease in CAPEX and OPEX, increases in electricity market and district heating revenues, a lower electricity tax and discount rate.

In conclusion, while CaL TCES has potential for retrofit applications, significant cost reductions are necessary for profitability in renewable energy-based systems like Finland's.

由于电网变异性的增加，长期储能对可再生能源系统至关重要。本研究采用多市场建模工具Predicer，评估了芬兰电力市场中潜在技术钙环热化学储能（CaL TCES）的技术经济可行性。研究的目的是通过优化系统在多个电力市场的参与来改善CaL TCES的经济可行性评估。本文探讨了将CaL TCES集成到生物质热电联产（CHP）工厂中以实现能量储存和碳捕获的案例研究。结果表明，与单独参与现货市场相比，参与现货日前和人工频率恢复储备（mFRR）市场增加了运营时间和收入，2023年和2024年电力市场收入分别增长了56%和79%。尽管如此，净现值（NPV）仍然是负的。电力盈亏平衡销售价格（BESP）为463欧元/兆瓦时，净现值为- 1.15亿欧元。投资成本占生命周期成本的主导地位，即使通过产业整合可能会降低成本。来自二氧化碳利用和区域供热的收入超过了来自电力市场的收入，这突出表明，仅靠电力市场收入不足以实现经济可行性。敏感性分析表明，盈利能力可以通过几个经济组成部分的同时变化来实现：资本支出和运营支出减少30%，电力市场和区域供热收入增加，电力税和贴现率降低。综上所述，尽管CaL TCES具有改造应用的潜力，但要想在芬兰这样的可再生能源系统中盈利，大幅降低成本是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

A simulation method for gas-liquid seepage of lined caverns for compressed air energy storage considering groundwater influence 考虑地下水影响的压缩空气储能衬砌洞室气液渗流模拟方法

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120846

Siqi Jiang , Yu Zhang , Hui Wang , Xinying Mao , Zaobao Liu

Large-scale compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems offer an efficient solution to mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy sources, yet ensuring the airtightness of underground lined caverns under groundwater influence remains a major technical challenge. In this study, a governing equation for gas–liquid multiphase flow was developed based on the relationship between capillary pressure and saturation, incorporating the effects of temperature and gas pressure variations on saturation. Building upon this, a thermo–hydro–mechanical (THM) coupled two-phase seepage model was established to simulate the coupled evolution of thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical fields in lined CAES caverns. The model enables integrated analysis of pressure, temperature, saturation, and deformation, revealing the mechanisms by which groundwater affects the sealing and stability of the system. Simulation results show that groundwater significantly enhances airtightness by suppressing gas leakage, stabilizing operation pressure, and improving thermal–mechanical equilibrium. Under groundwater conditions, the peak leakage rate decreased by 36.8%, and cumulative leakage was reduced by 47.7% after 60 cycles; the daily leakage percentage fell below 1% after five cycles, meeting sealing requirements. Groundwater delays pore pressure dissipation, induces mild pressure hysteresis, and maintains a stable deformation amplitude of about 4–5 mm within the allowable range. The gas–water interface migrated radially up to 8.2 m from the cavern wall, exhibiting a nonlinear–linear transition governed by permeability and capillary effects. The developed THM framework provides a robust and unified tool for evaluating multi-field coupling processes and optimizing the airtightness and design of lined CAES caverns in water-rich geological formations.

大型压缩空气储能（CAES）系统为缓解可再生能源的间歇性提供了有效的解决方案，但在地下水影响下，确保地下衬里洞穴的气密性仍然是一个主要的技术挑战。在毛细管压力与饱和度关系的基础上，建立了气液多相流动的控制方程，考虑了温度和气体压力变化对饱和度的影响。在此基础上，建立热-水-机械（THM）耦合两相渗流模型，模拟衬砌CAES洞室中热、水力和力学场的耦合演化。该模型能够对压力、温度、饱和度和变形进行综合分析，揭示地下水影响系统密封和稳定性的机制。模拟结果表明，地下水通过抑制瓦斯泄漏、稳定运行压力、改善热机平衡等作用显著增强了气密性。地下水条件下，60次循环后，峰值渗漏率下降36.8%，累计渗漏率下降47.7%；5次循环后，日泄漏率降至1%以下，满足密封要求。地下水延缓孔隙压力耗散，产生轻微的压力滞后，在允许范围内保持4 ~ 5mm左右的稳定变形幅值。气-水界面沿径向向岩壁方向迁移至8.2 m处，表现出受渗透率和毛管效应控制的非线性-线性过渡。开发的THM框架为评估多场耦合过程和优化富水地质地层中衬砌CAES洞穴的气密性和设计提供了一个强大而统一的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of high-iodine-adsorbing porous biomass-derived carbon for shuttle-free aqueous zinc-iodine batteries 绿色合成用于无梭水锌碘电池的高吸附碘多孔生物质衍生碳

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120863

Shenglong Li , Kaiming Zhou , Xintong Li , Jindi Li , Shan Cao , Yang Wang

The effective management and utilization of iodine generated in nuclear accidents are of critical significance for the sustainable development of science and technology and the clean application of materials. This study presents a straightforward and efficient approach to synthesize a novel high-porosity biomass-derived porous carbon material (GMFW - 7). It uses Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers waste (GMFW) from the food and health sector as a high-quality biomass carbon source. This material features a specific surface area of 3284.4 m²/g and a total pore volume of 2.0571 cm³/g, showing remarkable iodine capture potential in both liquid and gaseous environments. Experimental results reveal that GMFW - 7 has a maximum adsorption capacity of 1570.1 mg/g for I₂ under liquid - phase conditions, and it retains 88.5% adsorption efficiency after 10 cycles. Its adsorption behavior conforms well to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R² = 0.989) and the pseudo - first - order kinetic model (R² = 0.985), indicating a predominantly physical adsorption mechanism. In iodine vapor adsorption experiments, GMFW - 7 displayed superior performance, achieving a saturated adsorption capacity of 2816.2 mg/g within merely 2 h, which further validates its excellent physical adsorption stability. Moreover, aqueous zinc - iodine batteries employing this biochar material achieved rapid charge - discharge performance and outstanding cycling stability by utilizing its porous structure for physical iodine retention. Therefore, synthesizing biochar with a high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structure, and superior iodine adsorption capacity from fungal mycelium fibers not only promotes the resource utilization of novel biomass carbon sources but also offers an economically viable and environmentally sustainable solution for clean energy applications.

对核事故产生的碘进行有效管理和利用，对科学技术的可持续发展和材料的清洁利用具有重要意义。本研究提出了一种简单有效的方法来合成一种新型的高孔隙度生物质衍生多孔碳材料（GMFW - 7）。它使用来自食品和卫生部门的灵芝菌丝体纤维废物（GMFW）作为高质量的生物质碳源。该材料的比表面积为3284.4 m2/g，总孔体积为2.0571 cm3/g，在液体和气体环境中都表现出出色的碘捕获潜力。实验结果表明，在液相条件下，GMFW - 7对I2的最大吸附量为1570.1 mg/g，经过10次循环后，其吸附效率仍保持在88.5%。吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温线模型（R2 = 0.989）和准一级动力学模型（R2 = 0.985），表明吸附机制以物理吸附为主。在碘蒸气吸附实验中，GMFW - 7表现出优异的性能，在2 h内达到2816.2 mg/g的饱和吸附量，进一步验证了其优异的物理吸附稳定性。此外，采用这种生物炭材料的水锌碘电池利用其多孔结构进行物理碘保留，实现了快速充放电性能和出色的循环稳定性。因此，从真菌菌丝纤维中合成具有高比表面积、分层孔结构和优异的碘吸附能力的生物炭，不仅促进了新型生物质碳源的资源利用，而且为清洁能源的应用提供了经济可行和环境可持续的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Real-time robust State-of-Charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries under unknown bounded disturbances 未知有界扰动下锂离子电池的实时鲁棒充电状态估计

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120943

Chen Wu , Jiaqi Liang , Yan Wang , Yaming Xu

Accurate and reliable State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation is essential for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries in modern energy storage systems. However, this task remains challenging due to measurement outliers and unknown bounded disturbances. This study proposes a real-time SOC interval estimation method to address these issues. First, a robust recursive least squares (RRLS) method is adopted for real-time parameter identification of a second-order equivalent circuit model (ECM), demonstrating greater accuracy and robustness against outliers than conventional approaches. Second, a structurally configurable robust interval observer (IO) is designed to handle unknown bounded disturbances. This configurable structure enhances design flexibility, which is a key innovation that improves estimation accuracy. The observer’s optimal gain matrix is derived by solving a constrained optimization problem formulated with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, experimental validation under the Dynamic Stress Test (DST) and Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) profiles demonstrates the method’s notable effectiveness. Under both operating conditions, the maximum Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for model parameter identification are only 1.64% and 2.12%, respectively. For SOC estimation, the corresponding maximum MAE and RMSE are 0.49% and 0.52%, respectively.

准确可靠的荷电状态（SOC）估算是现代储能系统中锂离子电池安全高效运行的关键。然而，由于测量异常值和未知的有界干扰，这项任务仍然具有挑战性。本研究提出一种实时SOC间隔估计方法来解决这些问题。首先，采用鲁棒递归最小二乘（RRLS）方法对二阶等效电路模型（ECM）进行实时参数辨识，与传统方法相比，具有更高的精度和鲁棒性。其次，设计了结构可配置的鲁棒区间观测器来处理未知的有界干扰。这种可配置的结构增强了设计的灵活性，这是提高估计精度的关键创新。通过求解一个用线性矩阵不等式（lmi）表示的约束优化问题，推导出观测器的最优增益矩阵。最后，在动态应力测试（DST）和城市测力计驾驶时间表（UDDS）下进行了实验验证，证明了该方法的显著有效性。在两种工况下，模型参数识别的最大平均绝对误差（MAE）和最大均方根误差（RMSE）分别仅为1.64%和2.12%。SOC估算的最大MAE和RMSE分别为0.49%和0.52%。

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引用次数: 0