Journal of energy storage最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the effect of metal ratio on electrochemical properties of MOF-derived microporous flower-like NiO/Co3O4 electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor application","authors":"Balaji Chettiannan ,&nbsp;Gowdhaman Arumugam ,&nbsp;Stanleydhinakar Mathan ,&nbsp;Manickam Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Assiri ,&nbsp;Ramesh Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research introduces a novel method for creating flower-shaped two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an assistant. The study explores various ratios of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) in the synthesis process and evaluates the electrochemical performance capabilities of MOFs and their derived metal oxides. The FESEM investigation revealed minor morphological differences due to space coordination effects, including tightly and loosely packed sheet arrangements. Surface area measurements of the derivatives showed variations like 30.32 m²g⁻¹ for the 1:1 (Ni: Co) ratio, 26.96 m²g⁻¹ for the 2:1 ratio, and 25.12 m²g⁻¹ for the 1:2 ratio. Among the electrodes tested, the metal oxide derived from the MOF with an equal ratio of Ni and Co exhibited better performance. It achieved a notable specific capacity of 985.7C g⁻¹ (equivalent to 1971.4 F g⁻¹) at 1 A g⁻¹ and maintained 92.85 % of initial capacity at 5000 GCD cycles. When configured in an asymmetric supercapacitor setup combining the developed material (positive electrode) with carbon black (negative electrode), the setup displayed an impressive energy density reaching 77.22 Wh kg⁻¹ maintaining the power density of 750 W kg⁻¹. The research demonstrates that bimetallic MOFs synthesized using varying ratios of metal species with SDS surfactant assistance resulted in a flower-like architectural morphology. Subsequent derivation led to interconnected nanoparticle assemblies while preserving the inherent MOF structure, resulting in high surface area and enhanced electrochemical properties. This study emphasizes the importance of precise control over synthesis conditions to optimize material characteristics for supercapacitor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable upcycling of polypropylene-based masks into high-performance carbon materials for supercapacitors via molten salt carbonization and air activation","authors":"Liqing Qiu ,&nbsp;Hangzhong Liu ,&nbsp;Minhua Jiang ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Cuiyun Zeng ,&nbsp;Qiaohui Guo ,&nbsp;Shuiliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonization is a promising method for upcycling polypropylene (PP)-based plastic waste into high-value carbon materials, yet direct pyrolysis typically suffers from low carbon yield due to significant volatile losses. In this study, we propose a sustainable and integrated approach utilizing thiourea-promoted molten salt carbonization to enhance the carbon yield from PP-based waste masks. The incorporation of thiourea stabilizes the carbon structure by reducing excessive fragmentation of the carbon backbone, significantly increasing the carbon yield from 7.3 % to 21.6 %. Simultaneously, thiourea introduces sulfur and nitrogen co-doping, enhancing conductivity and electrochemical performance. Furthermore, air activation is employed to optimize the pore structure, increase surface area, and introduce oxygen-containing functional groups, greatly improving ion diffusion and electrolyte wettability. The resulting air-activated sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials exhibit exceptional electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 345.6 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and outstanding cycling stability, retaining 93.3 % capacitance after 20,000 cycles. The corresponding symmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density of 40.1 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 400 W kg⁻¹, alongside excellent cycling stability. This integrated strategy provides a sustainable pathway for converting PP-based waste plastics into high-performance carbon materials, with significant potential for applications in energy storage and environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116249"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating battery state of health using impedance spectrum geometric health indicators and recurrent deep sigma point process","authors":"Shude Zhang,&nbsp;Weiru Yuan,&nbsp;Yingzhou Wang,&nbsp;Shun Cheng,&nbsp;Jianguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing the state of health for lithium-ion batteries remains a formidable challenge due to their highly complex and nonlinear behavior. Frequency-domain impedance measurements can unveil multiple electrochemical processes within the battery, enabling a comprehensive and accurate depiction of the battery’s dynamic characteristics. This study utilizes impedance spectroscopy geometric health indicators and proposes a hybrid state of health estimation method based on recurrent deep sigma point processes. First, based on prior knowledge of battery dynamics, several geometric health indicators that are approximately linearly correlated with state of health were extracted from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist plot. Then a deep sigma point process model with recurrent structure is designed to implement state of health estimation, its hyper-parameters are recognized using population based training. Finally, the proposed estimator has been validated on battery experimental data under different aging stresses, and the results indicate that the proposed method has good estimation accuracy and general applicability. Furthermore, beneficial attempts and discussions have been made to determine the optimal timing and scope for implementing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, showcasing the potential of this hybrid method in online applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116117"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel RUL prediction framework based on the adaptability feature perception fusion model method","authors":"Jiabo Li ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Di Tian ,&nbsp;Zhonglin Sun ,&nbsp;Yuan Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure the reliability and safety of lithium-ion batteries operation, accurate prediction of its remaining useful life(RUL) can grasp the internal performance degradation status of the battery in real time and reduce the risk of battery use. A novel RUL prediction framework of variational mode decomposition based on the adaptability feature perception fusion model(AFPFM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, multiple indirect health indicators (HI) are extracted from the current, voltage, and temperature curves of lithium-ion batteries, and Spearman correlation coefficient method is used to analyze the correlation between HI and capacity. The six health indicators with the highest correlation, namely equal voltage drop discharge time, constant current discharge time, peak discharge temperature, equal voltage difference charging time, equal voltage difference charging energy, and constant current charging time, are selected for RUL prediction. Secondly, a variable mode decomposition(VMD) method is proposed, which decomposes the RUL attenuation curve of lithium-ion batteries into capacity degradation trend component and capacity regeneration component, in order to avoid local fluctuations in capacity regeneration and interference from test noise on RUL prediction results. Thirdly, the RUL prediction framework based on AFPFM is proposed. Capacity degradation is approximately linear, and a linear regression model is proposed to predict the trend of capacity degradation. Combined with the iTransformer model, a transposed Transformer model is proposed to predict capacity regeneration. The adaptability of this model is demonstrated by its ability to be applied to lithium-ion battery capacity degradation datasets of any dimension, the feature perception is achieved by learning attention weights between different HIs through attention mechanisms,and to obtain the final RUL prediction value by fusion the results of two models. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper, the prediction accuracy of proposed model is compared with other commonly time-series prediction models on the NASA and CALCE battery datasets. The results indicate that the proposed model has better RUL prediction performance. For battery B05 dataset, the RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of RUL prediction based on proposed model are 1.94 %, 1.72 %, and 1.27 %, respectively, while the RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of CS2–35 battery are 0.59 %, 0.46 %, and 0.49 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116322"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal characterization of 18650 lithium iron phosphate cell for wide ranges of temperature and discharge rate to identify most efficient operating window","authors":"Vijay Kumar Chauhan ,&nbsp;Mayaram Sahu ,&nbsp;Jishnu Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of heat generation and thermal characterization of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for the design and development of efficient battery thermal management systems. In the present study, an isothermal battery calorimeter is employed for precise and reliable measurement of heat generation rate. Thermal characterization of 18650 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell is conducted across a wide range of discharge rates (0.5C–6C) and operating temperatures (10 °C–60 °C). It is observed that discharge capacity decreases with increasing C-rate and decreasing temperature. The decline is more pronounced at higher discharge currents and for temperatures below 20 °C. Moreover, cell capacity remains stable at higher temperatures (30 °C–60 °C). It is also observed that the Heat Generation Rate (HGR) significantly increases at lower temperatures and higher C-rates, with the maximum HGR doubling as the temperature drops from 60 °C to 10 °C at 0.5C. The same is 19-fold when the discharge rate increases from 0.5C to 6C at 60 °C. A counterintuitive endothermic trend is observed at low discharge rates (0.5C–1C) and high temperatures (40 °C–60 °C). Heat is absorbed instead of released. It indicates the role of the entropic heat coefficient. Finally, from these trends, what came out of the characterization exercise is the preferred window of cell operating conditions, in terms of temperature and discharge rate. These are identified on the basis of the cell discharge efficiency (CDE) map for the chosen 18650 LFP cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116274"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer of heat sink based on paraffin/copper foam composite material","authors":"Ratiba Sabrina Ferfera,&nbsp;Brahim Madani,&nbsp;Ahmed Kouidri","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an experimental study concerns natural convection heat transfer inside a heat sink based on a high porosity open-cell metal foam saturated with phase change material (PCM). Five heat sink samples, each with dimensions of 80 × 50 × 5 mm³, are tested: a pure paraffin sample and four Paraffin/Copper foam composite material samples with pore densities ranging from 10 PPI to 40 PPI and porosities of 96.1 % and 95.5 %. This study aims to evaluate the metal foam pore size influence on heat transfer enhancement. The results show that the buoyancy forces due to natural convection of liquid paraffin influence the melting interface during the phase change process. Adding metal foam improves heat transfer, uniformity, and accelerates the paraffin melting through the composite sample. Convection heat transfer is enhanced by approximately 2.2 times for the composite heat sink compared to the pure paraffin heat sink. The obtained Nusselt number shows that conduction dominates heat transfer in the paraffin/Cu foam composite heat sink compared to the other heat sinks. Furthermore, the Nusselt number decreases as pore density increases. Finally, this study proposes Nusselt number correlations, one based on pore diameter and the other on fiber diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116347"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of cold leakage on liquid air energy storage: Advanced cold recharge strategies for actual applications","authors":"Zhikang Wang ,&nbsp;Junxian Li ,&nbsp;Yihong Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Fan ,&nbsp;Guqiang Wei ,&nbsp;Zhaozhao Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Ji ,&nbsp;Liubiao Chen ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid air energy storage (LAES) offers high energy storage density and minimal geographical dependence, with the cold storage unit (CSU) serving as its core component. However, cold energy leakage from the CSU, due to the cryogenic operating conditions, reduces the system's round-trip efficiency. This study analyzes the losses caused by cold leakage and proposes three recharging schemes: direct liquid nitrogen recharging, indirect liquid nitrogen recharging, and liquid air pressure reduction recharging. Energy, exergy, and economic analyses were conducted, incorporating the impact of liquid nitrogen consumption and introducing a comprehensive efficiency metric. A 100 MW/800MWh LAES station model was developed to quantify the exergy destruction due to cold leakage, revealing a daily exergy loss of 3.17 MWh in the CSU. To mitigate this, the three recharging schemes were analyzed. In Case 1, direct liquid nitrogen injection into the tank resulted in a round-trip efficiency of 56.54 % and an exergy efficiency of 75.24 %. Case 2, which involved indirect liquid nitrogen recharging, slightly improved round-trip efficiency to 56.90 %, surpassing the ideal LAES efficiency of 56.62 %, with an exergy efficiency of 75.42 %. Case 3, using liquid air pressure reduction during discharge, resulted in a round-trip efficiency of 55.83 % and an exergy efficiency of 74.56 %. A comprehensive efficiency metric, considering liquid nitrogen consumption, yielded efficiencies of 56.08 % and 56.21 % for Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. The economic analysis indicated that cold leakage reduces the net present value (NPV) by 6.78 % and increases the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) by 1.40 %. Among the schemes, Case 2 was identified as the most optimal for LAES systems. Additionally, the chemical exergy of liquid air and returned air was calculated, demonstrating their substantial contribution to total system exergy. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the design and operation of LAES systems, though further analysis of leakage based on specific tank parameters is necessary for accurate recharging scale assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116289"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the electrochemical supercapacitor dynamics in lead-free Cs3Bi2X9 (Cl/Br) perovskite: Impact of halogen alteration","authors":"Abhirup Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Sreya Das ,&nbsp;Pulak Pal ,&nbsp;Soumen Maiti ,&nbsp;Tufan Paul ,&nbsp;Moumita Ghosh ,&nbsp;Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research community has recently focused especially on all inorganic lead-free perovskites as possible materials for energy storage in electrochemical systems. Here, a low-cost solution-based facile synthesis approach is adopted to prepare Cs₃Bi₂(Br/Cl)₉ perovskite for energy storage applications. These perovskites are crystallized in hexagonal phase with <em>P3m1</em> space group, as confirmed by XRD analysis. The pseudo-capacitance arises in the Cs₃Bi₂(Br/Cl)₉ perovskites due to the redox transition between Bi³⁺ and Bi⁵⁺ and OH^‐− ion intercalation/de-intercalation through the electrode material. The specific capacitances of 1617 F g⁻¹ and 613 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 2 mV s⁻¹ have been delivered by Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉ and Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ perovskites, respectively. We have also fabricated an asymmetric device using optimized perovskite with the configuration of Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉//PVA-KOH gel/activated carbon (AC), which exhibits an energy density of 27 Whkg⁻¹ and a power density of 689 W kg⁻¹ at a current density of 1 Ag⁻¹ with a capacitive retention of ∼80 % even after 5000 charging/discharging cycles. In our opinion, such promising findings are poised to unlock new horizons for the forthcoming generation in the development of lead-free perovskite-based, non-toxic, sustainable energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116299"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance and low-cost packed bed latent thermal energy storage system based on spray technology","authors":"Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Xueming Yang ,&nbsp;Jianzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianfei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Packed bed latent thermal energy storage (PBLTES) strategy can contribute to the comprehensive performance of the integrated industrial systems. To address issues associated with the excessive initial investment in oil-based packed bed, a novel cascaded spray-type PBLTES (ST-PBLTES) system is proposed, and the corresponding numerical model is constructed in this paper. Besides, a comprehensive energy, exergy and economic analysis methodology is applied to examine the thermal transport performance and economic cost of cascaded ST-PBLTES system under various parameters from a comparative point of view. Finally, cascade ST-PBLTES system is analyzed under different operating conditions using a comprehensive objective evaluation method to evaluate the merits and demerits. The study reveals that the Energy density (EnD) and Exergy density (ExD) in cascaded ST-PBLTES system are increased respectively up to 17.21 % and 26.98 % if the inlet temperature rises. With the increasing of the set HTF outlet temperature, the thermal storage performance of the ST-PBLTES system is significantly improved, and the EnD and ExD are increased by 70.13 % and 82.83 %, respectively. When the HTF outlet temperature is set at 463 K, the capacity cost of cascaded ST-PBLTES system can be reduced by 1/3 compared to traditional full-fill PBLTES system and have the approaching thermal storage performance. The work provides a reference and valuable insights for further improvement of PBLTES system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116333"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized forgetting factor recursive least square method for equivalent circuit model parameter extraction of battery and ultracapacitor","authors":"Achikkulath Prasanthi ,&nbsp;Hussain Shareef ,&nbsp;Saifulnizam Abd Khalid ,&nbsp;Jeyraj Selvaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybridization of multiple energy sources is crucial for electric vehicle applications to achieve the same level of performance as that of internal combustion engine vehicles. Accurate power flow control depends on knowing the internal resistance of the battery and ultracapacitor (UC) at various charge levels. Therefore, this work focuses on prediction of the internal resistance of these sources at varying charge states and discharge rates. The first objective of this work is to establish a relationship between the source's state of charge (SoC) and open circuit voltage using a machine learning regression-based optimized curve-fitting model. This technique uses an algorithm to learn patterns from experimental data that minimize fitting errors and avoid overfitting, guaranteeing precise and broadly applicable forecasts. Thus, this model increases forecast accuracy and enhances generalization for dynamic operating conditions. The second objective is the application of a hybridized approach of heuristic optimization and forgetting factor recursive least square method, known as optimized forgetting factor recursive least square (OFFRLS) for extracting the source's internal electrical parameter at varying SoC and discharge rate. The forgetting factor in FFRLS can be challenging to adjust and can lead to overfitting since it affects the trade-off between stability and adapting to new input. As a result, the forgetting factor of the FFRLS algorithm is optimized at each time instant using heuristic optimization. This method is used to characterize battery and UC with second order Thevenin equivalent circuit model, which strikes a balance between complexity and accuracy and can capture dynamic behavior. For real time parameter estimation, an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model trained using Bayesian regularization is developed for accurate and time-efficient source parameter estimation. When compared to OFFRLS, the time consumption can be decreased by using the ANN model for real-time estimate. Calibration tests, open circuit voltage tests, and dynamic discharge tests are performed in the lab with battery and UC for this research. By contrasting the estimated and actual terminal voltages of the sources, OFFRLS's effectiveness is illustrated. The measured terminal voltage of the battery differed from the estimated voltage by less than 0.5 %. The ability of the ANN to predict the internal resistance without overfitting was demonstrated by the strong correlation coefficients between the training and test data. Therefore, the proposed dynamic battery and UC models could be effectively used in applications such as energy management systems in electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116298"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}