Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121040
Junzhi Li , Ruoheng Ding , Jierui Li , Xin Lu , Shuo Zhang , Dongdong Li , Ivan Shanenkov , Shujie Liu , Xiaoying Hu , Wei Han
Transition metal selenides have been extensively investigated as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high conversion reaction efficiency. However, they still suffer from the issue of polyselenide shuttling. Besides tailoring the intrinsic properties of the materials, rational design of the electrode structure plays a crucial role in addressing this challenge. Herein, we fabricated a composite electrode (CNF@ZIF-CoSe2/MXene) by immobilizing ZIF-derived CoSe2 onto carbon fibers obtained from Aspergillus niger via biosorption, while incorporating MXene directly into the electrode slurry. In contrast to conventional methods that incorporate MXene during material synthesis, this approach simplifies the fabrication process, improves scalability, and exhibits enhanced compatibility with practical commercial applications. The Aspergillus niger-derived carbon fibers and MXene form a dual conductive network. Additionally, MXene effectively suppresses the shuttling of polyselenides by both chemical and physical interactions. As expected, compared to the electrode without MXene (CNF@ZIF-CoSe2), the CNF@ZIF-CoSe2/MXene electrode demonstrates enhanced cycling stability and superior rate capability. Furthermore, the assembled full cell (Na3V2(PO4)3//CNF@ZIF-CoSe2/MXene) delivers a high specific capacity of 395.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. This work highlights the significance of electrode structure design and provides new insights into development of practically viable electrodes for SIBs.
过渡金属硒化物由于具有较高的转化反应效率，作为钠离子电池的负极材料得到了广泛的研究。然而，他们仍然受到多硒化物穿梭问题的困扰。除了调整材料的固有特性外，合理设计电极结构在解决这一挑战方面起着至关重要的作用。在此，我们将zif衍生的CoSe2固定在通过生物吸附从黑曲霉中获得的碳纤维上，同时将MXene直接掺入电极浆中，制备了复合电极（CNF@ZIF-CoSe2/MXene）。与在材料合成过程中加入MXene的传统方法相比，这种方法简化了制造过程，提高了可扩展性，并与实际商业应用表现出增强的兼容性。黑曲霉衍生的碳纤维和MXene形成双导电网络。此外，MXene通过化学和物理相互作用有效地抑制了多硒化物的穿梭。正如预期的那样，与没有MXene的电极（CNF@ZIF-CoSe2）相比，CNF@ZIF-CoSe2/MXene电极表现出增强的循环稳定性和优越的倍率能力。此外，组装的全电池（Na3V2(PO4)3//CNF@ZIF-CoSe2/MXene）在0.1 a g−1时具有395.8 mAh g−1的高比容量。这项工作强调了电极结构设计的重要性，并为实际可行的sib电极的开发提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Capturing polyselenides through MXene conductive additives for enhanced sodium ion storage","authors":"Junzhi Li , Ruoheng Ding , Jierui Li , Xin Lu , Shuo Zhang , Dongdong Li , Ivan Shanenkov , Shujie Liu , Xiaoying Hu , Wei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal selenides have been extensively investigated as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high conversion reaction efficiency. However, they still suffer from the issue of polyselenide shuttling. Besides tailoring the intrinsic properties of the materials, rational design of the electrode structure plays a crucial role in addressing this challenge. Herein, we fabricated a composite electrode (CNF@ZIF-CoSe<sub>2</sub>/MXene) by immobilizing ZIF-derived CoSe<sub>2</sub> onto carbon fibers obtained from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> via biosorption, while incorporating MXene directly into the electrode slurry. In contrast to conventional methods that incorporate MXene during material synthesis, this approach simplifies the fabrication process, improves scalability, and exhibits enhanced compatibility with practical commercial applications. The <em>Aspergillus niger</em>-derived carbon fibers and MXene form a dual conductive network. Additionally, MXene effectively suppresses the shuttling of polyselenides by both chemical and physical interactions. As expected, compared to the electrode without MXene (CNF@ZIF-CoSe<sub>2</sub>), the CNF@ZIF-CoSe<sub>2</sub>/MXene electrode demonstrates enhanced cycling stability and superior rate capability. Furthermore, the assembled full cell (Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>//CNF@ZIF-CoSe<sub>2</sub>/MXene) delivers a high specific capacity of 395.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This work highlights the significance of electrode structure design and provides new insights into development of practically viable electrodes for SIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121040"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121043
Weimin Tao , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xinxing Lin , Wen Su , Xiaodai Xue , Peng Li , Xiguang Lu
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a promising large-scale energy storage technology. However, in existing CAES systems, heat exchangers for charging and discharging process are always deployed respectively. This configuration leads to heat exchanger idleness, high investment costs and poor system compactness. Consequently, a natural idea is to utilize shared heat exchangers to meet the requirements of air cooling and heating in the process of charging and discharging, while reducing the total number of heat exchangers. Therefore, in order to evaluate the feasibility of this idea, this work takes a AA-CAES system with five compression-cooling stages and four expansion-heating stages as an example. Firstly, under design conditions, heaters and coolers are independently designed by using HTRI software based on the type of hairpin heat exchanger. Then, according to the design results of heaters and coolers, three innovative heat exchanger reuse schemes are proposed: Case 1 (direct reuse of the independently designed heaters), Case 2 (direct reuse of the independently designed coolers), and Case 3 (reusing the independently designed coolers supplemented with newly parallel heaters). By evaluating the thermal performance of each case under charging and discharging conditions, it is found that the discharging heaters can meet the air cooling requirements during the charging stage in Case 1, while the pressure drops of coolers designed in charging process significantly increase under the condition of discharging in Case 2, and there is a particularly large deviation in heat duty at the fourth stage. For Case 3, the combination of reused coolers and added heaters adequately meet the heat transfer requirements for air heating. Finally, performances of the three reuse schemes are compared, and an optimal scheme is determined for each stage based on heat duty, pressure drop, and heat transfer area, so as to minimize the total areas and obtain the best thermal performance. The results indicate that: Case 1 is optimal for the first and second stages heat exchangers. For the third stage heat exchangers, Case 2 is suitable; For the fourth stage, Case 3 is recommended. Compared to using independent heat exchangers, the proposed scheme can reduce the total heat transfer area while meeting the requirements of air cooling and heating. As for the economy, even if considering the additional cost of required valves and pipes, the proposed scheme still has great economy advantages. The above research provides a novel approach for the efficient integration and economic improvement of heat exchangers in AA-CAES systems.
{"title":"Design and performance study of shared heat exchanger for advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage","authors":"Weimin Tao , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xinxing Lin , Wen Su , Xiaodai Xue , Peng Li , Xiguang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a promising large-scale energy storage technology. However, in existing CAES systems, heat exchangers for charging and discharging process are always deployed respectively. This configuration leads to heat exchanger idleness, high investment costs and poor system compactness. Consequently, a natural idea is to utilize shared heat exchangers to meet the requirements of air cooling and heating in the process of charging and discharging, while reducing the total number of heat exchangers. Therefore, in order to evaluate the feasibility of this idea, this work takes a AA-CAES system with five compression-cooling stages and four expansion-heating stages as an example. Firstly, under design conditions, heaters and coolers are independently designed by using HTRI software based on the type of hairpin heat exchanger. Then, according to the design results of heaters and coolers, three innovative heat exchanger reuse schemes are proposed: <span><span>Case 1</span></span> (direct reuse of the independently designed heaters), <span><span>Case 2</span></span> (direct reuse of the independently designed coolers), and <span><span>Case 3</span></span> (reusing the independently designed coolers supplemented with newly parallel heaters). By evaluating the thermal performance of each case under charging and discharging conditions, it is found that the discharging heaters can meet the air cooling requirements during the charging stage in <span><span>Case 1</span></span>, while the pressure drops of coolers designed in charging process significantly increase under the condition of discharging in <span><span>Case 2</span></span>, and there is a particularly large deviation in heat duty at the fourth stage. For <span><span>Case 3</span></span>, the combination of reused coolers and added heaters adequately meet the heat transfer requirements for air heating. Finally, performances of the three reuse schemes are compared, and an optimal scheme is determined for each stage based on heat duty, pressure drop, and heat transfer area, so as to minimize the total areas and obtain the best thermal performance. The results indicate that: <span><span>Case 1</span></span> is optimal for the first and second stages heat exchangers. For the third stage heat exchangers, <span><span>Case 2</span></span> is suitable; For the fourth stage, <span><span>Case 3</span></span> is recommended. Compared to using independent heat exchangers, the proposed scheme can reduce the total heat transfer area while meeting the requirements of air cooling and heating. As for the economy, even if considering the additional cost of required valves and pipes, the proposed scheme still has great economy advantages. The above research provides a novel approach for the efficient integration and economic improvement of heat exchangers in AA-CAES systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121043"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121006
Md. Sulyman Islam Sifat , Ummy Sawda , Md Alamgir Kabir , Mobyen Uddin Ahmed , M.S. Hossain Lipu , M.M. Manjurul Islam
Lithium-ion battery state estimation and prognostics are crucial for the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and portable devices. However, nonlinear battery behavior complicates State of Charge (SOC) estimation, limited and imbalanced data hinder State of Health (SOH), and scarce degradation trajectories with domain shift challenge Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) offer an effective approach by generating realistic synthetic data that mitigates scarcity, improves diversity, and enhances model robustness. This study aims to systematically review and consolidate the current literature on GAN-based data augmentation for battery state estimation and prognostics. Specifically, it examines the effectiveness of different GAN architectures and techniques in improving SOC, SOH, and RUL estimation, assesses synthetic data quality and reliability, identifies technical challenges and limitations, and outlines evidence-based guidelines and future research directions. A systematic literature review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, incorporating relevant studies obtained from four prominent digital libraries. Analysis of 31 primary studies reveals that widely used public datasets (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) and Oxford) dominate the field, enabling reproducibility and benchmarking. GAN-based augmentation achieves 17% to 90% error reductions across root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared error (MSE) metrics. Time-series GANs and Wasserstein GANs (WGANs) emerge as most effective, with Adam optimizer learning rate (LR) = 0.001 and gradient penalty (=10) providing improved stability. Major challenges include data scarcity, synthetic data quality concerns, GAN instability, and domain shift. Six priority areas are identified for advancing the field: physics-informed constraints, domain adaptation, uncertainty quantification, real-time deployment, multimodal learning, and data efficiency. This review establishes GAN-based augmentation as significant for battery state estimation and prognostics. It provides evidence-based insights and a roadmap towards developing reliable, interpretable, and deployable battery management systems.
锂离子电池状态估计和预测对于电动汽车、可再生能源系统和便携式设备的安全可靠运行至关重要。然而，电池行为的非线性使电池荷电状态（SOC）的估计复杂化，有限和不平衡的数据阻碍了健康状态（SOH）的预测，而具有域漂移的退化轨迹的稀缺则挑战了剩余使用寿命（RUL）的预测。生成式对抗网络（GANs）通过生成真实的合成数据提供了一种有效的方法，从而减轻了稀缺性，提高了多样性，增强了模型的鲁棒性。本研究旨在系统地回顾和巩固目前关于基于gan的数据增强用于电池状态估计和预测的文献。具体来说，它研究了不同GAN架构和技术在改善SOC、SOH和RUL估计方面的有效性，评估了合成数据的质量和可靠性，确定了技术挑战和局限性，并概述了基于证据的指导方针和未来的研究方向。根据系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA） 2020指南的首选报告项目进行了系统文献综述，并纳入了从四个著名数字图书馆获得的相关研究。对31项主要研究的分析表明，广泛使用的公共数据集（美国国家航空航天局（NASA）、高级生命周期工程中心（CALCE）和牛津大学）在该领域占据主导地位，使可重复性和基准化成为可能。基于gan的增强在均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）、平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）和均方误差（MSE）指标上实现了17%至90%的误差降低。时间序列gan和Wasserstein gan （wgan）是最有效的，Adam优化器学习率(LR) = 0.001，梯度惩罚（λGP=10）提供了更好的稳定性。主要挑战包括数据稀缺、合成数据质量问题、GAN不稳定和领域转移。确定了推进该领域的六个优先领域：物理信息约束、领域适应、不确定性量化、实时部署、多模式学习和数据效率。这篇综述建立了基于氮化镓的增强对电池状态估计和预测的重要意义。它为开发可靠、可解释和可部署的电池管理系统提供了基于证据的见解和路线图。
{"title":"Generative data augmentation for improving state estimation and prognostics in lithium-ion batteries: Advances, Challenges, and Future directions","authors":"Md. Sulyman Islam Sifat , Ummy Sawda , Md Alamgir Kabir , Mobyen Uddin Ahmed , M.S. Hossain Lipu , M.M. Manjurul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion battery state estimation and prognostics are crucial for the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and portable devices. However, nonlinear battery behavior complicates State of Charge (SOC) estimation, limited and imbalanced data hinder State of Health (SOH), and scarce degradation trajectories with domain shift challenge Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) offer an effective approach by generating realistic synthetic data that mitigates scarcity, improves diversity, and enhances model robustness. This study aims to systematically review and consolidate the current literature on GAN-based data augmentation for battery state estimation and prognostics. Specifically, it examines the effectiveness of different GAN architectures and techniques in improving SOC, SOH, and RUL estimation, assesses synthetic data quality and reliability, identifies technical challenges and limitations, and outlines evidence-based guidelines and future research directions. A systematic literature review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, incorporating relevant studies obtained from four prominent digital libraries. Analysis of 31 primary studies reveals that widely used public datasets (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) and Oxford) dominate the field, enabling reproducibility and benchmarking. GAN-based augmentation achieves 17% to 90% error reductions across root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared error (MSE) metrics. Time-series GANs and Wasserstein GANs (WGANs) emerge as most effective, with Adam optimizer learning rate (LR) = 0.001 and gradient penalty (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>=10) providing improved stability. Major challenges include data scarcity, synthetic data quality concerns, GAN instability, and domain shift. Six priority areas are identified for advancing the field: physics-informed constraints, domain adaptation, uncertainty quantification, real-time deployment, multimodal learning, and data efficiency. This review establishes GAN-based augmentation as significant for battery state estimation and prognostics. It provides evidence-based insights and a roadmap towards developing reliable, interpretable, and deployable battery management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121006"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120939
Mojtaba Khakpour Komarsofla , Amirkianoosh Kiani
Energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are essential for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems, yet their long-term reliability is limited by capacity degradation. Accurate prediction of state-of-health (SOH), state-of-charge (SOC), and capacity retention are therefore critical for extending device lifetimes and improving safety. Classical machine learning (ML) methods including LSTMs, CNNs, and ensemble approaches have achieved success in forecasting degradation trends, but they face limitations in scalability, data requirements, and capturing complex electrochemical behaviors. Quantum computing, and in particular quantum machine learning (QML), offers new opportunities by exploiting superposition and entanglement to process information more efficiently and compactly. This review surveys recent advances in applying QML to energy storage, with a focus on CQ approaches (classical data–quantum processing), distinguishing Hybrid-CQ architectures. Comparative analyses highlight trade-offs: CQ and Hybrid-CQ models achieve higher accuracy and parameter efficiency but are constrained by noise, limited qubits, and slower runtimes on real devices. Looking forward, integrating error-mitigation strategies, benchmarking on actual quantum hardware, and embedding physics-informed modeling are critical to closing the gap between theoretical promise and practical deployment. Beyond prediction tasks, quantum approaches hold potential for dynamic charging optimization, materials discovery, and quantum battery concepts. Collectively, these developments underscore how QML can complement and eventually surpass classical ML, paving the way toward more accurate, sustainable, and efficient energy storage systems.
{"title":"Quantum machine learning approaches to state-of-health prediction and optimization in energy storage devices","authors":"Mojtaba Khakpour Komarsofla , Amirkianoosh Kiani","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are essential for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems, yet their long-term reliability is limited by capacity degradation. Accurate prediction of state-of-health (SOH), state-of-charge (SOC), and capacity retention are therefore critical for extending device lifetimes and improving safety. Classical machine learning (ML) methods including LSTMs, CNNs, and ensemble approaches have achieved success in forecasting degradation trends, but they face limitations in scalability, data requirements, and capturing complex electrochemical behaviors. Quantum computing, and in particular quantum machine learning (QML), offers new opportunities by exploiting superposition and entanglement to process information more efficiently and compactly. This review surveys recent advances in applying QML to energy storage, with a focus on CQ approaches (classical data–quantum processing), distinguishing Hybrid-CQ architectures. Comparative analyses highlight trade-offs: CQ and Hybrid-CQ models achieve higher accuracy and parameter efficiency but are constrained by noise, limited qubits, and slower runtimes on real devices. Looking forward, integrating error-mitigation strategies, benchmarking on actual quantum hardware, and embedding physics-informed modeling are critical to closing the gap between theoretical promise and practical deployment. Beyond prediction tasks, quantum approaches hold potential for dynamic charging optimization, materials discovery, and quantum battery concepts. Collectively, these developments underscore how QML can complement and eventually surpass classical ML, paving the way toward more accurate, sustainable, and efficient energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120939"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120819
Shihao Zhu , Banghua Du , Peipei Meng , Xinyu Lu , Yang Li , Changjun Xie , Leiqi Zhang , Bo Zhao
The integrated hydrogen energy utilization system (IHEUS) exhibits great potential for microgrid applications. However, its practical deployment faces significant challenges, primarily due to the low energy conversion efficiency and rapid aging of electrolyzers and fuel cells, especially when handling highly fluctuating power flows. To address these issues, this study proposes a multi-objective optimal dispatch scheme for off-grid IHEUS operations, incorporating waste heat recovery and life cycle cost considerations. First, a mechanistic model is established to characterize the electric-hydrogen-heat output characteristics of the system, with a specific focus on waste heat recovery and utilization subsystems. By correlating the aging behavior and lifetime degradation to voltage decay, a life-cycle operational cost function is formulated for the multi-objective optimization (MOO) model. Within this framework, comprehensive energy efficiency and energy supply loss probability are adopted as performance metrics to enhance energy utilization and stability. The resulting MOO problem is solved and prioritized using a proposed NSGA-III combined entropy-weighted TOPSIS strategy. Comparative studies demonstrate that this strategy effectively identifies the optimal dispatch scheme, achieving operational cost reductions of at least 17.53%, comprehensive energy efficiency improvements ranging from a 0.13% decrease to a 0.61% increase, and a limited increase in energy supply loss probability (4.14%).
{"title":"Optimal operation of off-grid integrated hydrogen energy utilization systems: Life-cycle cost reduction considering waste heat recovery","authors":"Shihao Zhu , Banghua Du , Peipei Meng , Xinyu Lu , Yang Li , Changjun Xie , Leiqi Zhang , Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integrated hydrogen energy utilization system (IHEUS) exhibits great potential for microgrid applications. However, its practical deployment faces significant challenges, primarily due to the low energy conversion efficiency and rapid aging of electrolyzers and fuel cells, especially when handling highly fluctuating power flows. To address these issues, this study proposes a multi-objective optimal dispatch scheme for off-grid IHEUS operations, incorporating waste heat recovery and life cycle cost considerations. First, a mechanistic model is established to characterize the electric-hydrogen-heat output characteristics of the system, with a specific focus on waste heat recovery and utilization subsystems. By correlating the aging behavior and lifetime degradation to voltage decay, a life-cycle operational cost function is formulated for the multi-objective optimization (MOO) model. Within this framework, comprehensive energy efficiency and energy supply loss probability are adopted as performance metrics to enhance energy utilization and stability. The resulting MOO problem is solved and prioritized using a proposed NSGA-III combined entropy-weighted TOPSIS strategy. Comparative studies demonstrate that this strategy effectively identifies the optimal dispatch scheme, achieving operational cost reductions of at least 17.53%, comprehensive energy efficiency improvements ranging from a 0.13% decrease to a 0.61% increase, and a limited increase in energy supply loss probability (4.14%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120819"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulsed power loads (PPLs) in DC microgrids (DCMGs) impose fast and high-power transients that challenge the stability and performance of energy storage systems (ESS). Supercapacitor-based ESSs offer a promising solution due to their exceptional power density and fast charge–discharge capability, yet their effective utilization under severe pulsed conditions remains a key challenge. This paper proposes a fast integral terminal super-twisting sliding mode controller (FITSTSMC) to enhance the dynamic performance and energy management of a supercapacitor-based ESS in pulsed power applications. The controller directly governs energy exchange between the supercapacitor bank and the DC bus, enabling the storage system to deliver instantaneous power surges and maintain voltage stability during repetitive load pulses. A fast integral terminal sliding surface is introduced to accelerate response convergence, while a super-twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) minimizes sensing requirements and reduces implementation cost. Lyapunov-based stability analysis confirms large-signal stability of the controlled ESS. Both simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed FITSTSMC-STSMO strategy significantly improves the ESS's performance, limiting voltage overshoot to below 4%, achieving settling time below 0.5 ms, and enhancing transient response by over 60% compared with SMC methods reported in the literature. These findings demonstrate that advanced control of supercapacitor-based ESS is essential for reliable and efficient pulsed power operation in DCMGs.
{"title":"Improving the performance of supercapacitor-based pulsed power systems in DC microgrids using a fast integral terminal super-twisting sliding mode controller","authors":"Amirhossein Hosseini , Jafar Adabi , Seyyed Asghar Gholamian , Seyyed Yousef Mousazadeh Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulsed power loads (PPLs) in DC microgrids (DCMGs) impose fast and high-power transients that challenge the stability and performance of energy storage systems (ESS). Supercapacitor-based ESSs offer a promising solution due to their exceptional power density and fast charge–discharge capability, yet their effective utilization under severe pulsed conditions remains a key challenge. This paper proposes a fast integral terminal super-twisting sliding mode controller (FITSTSMC) to enhance the dynamic performance and energy management of a supercapacitor-based ESS in pulsed power applications. The controller directly governs energy exchange between the supercapacitor bank and the DC bus, enabling the storage system to deliver instantaneous power surges and maintain voltage stability during repetitive load pulses. A fast integral terminal sliding surface is introduced to accelerate response convergence, while a super-twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) minimizes sensing requirements and reduces implementation cost. Lyapunov-based stability analysis confirms large-signal stability of the controlled ESS. Both simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed FITSTSMC-STSMO strategy significantly improves the ESS's performance, limiting voltage overshoot to below 4%, achieving settling time below 0.5 ms, and enhancing transient response by over 60% compared with SMC methods reported in the literature. These findings demonstrate that advanced control of supercapacitor-based ESS is essential for reliable and efficient pulsed power operation in DCMGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120660"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120885
Soufiane Bahou
Although the metal hydride CaH2 possesses a remarkably high hydrogen-based energy storage density, its application in thermal energy storage systems for next-generation concentrated solar power plants presents a challenge due to its 1100 °C decomposition temperature. These plants are expected to operate within a range of 600 to 800 °C, which makes CaH2 unsuitable for use as a reversible hydrogen storage medium. To mitigate the limitations of calcium hydride's thermal stability, this research uses advanced computational modeling to explore the impacts of calcium vacancy formation on decomposition temperature. Computations were conducted using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method alongside the coherent potential approximation used to model disordered systems. The findings reveal that increasing the concentration of calcium defects in the material correlates with a significant rise in formation enthalpy from −184.5 kJ·mol−1H₂ at 0% calcium defect concentration to −106.9 kJ·mol−1H₂ at 15% calcium defect concentration, along with a marked reduction in decomposition temperature from 1127 °C (0%) to 538 °C (15%). The findings also reveal a significant increase in storage capacity of CaH2 as Ca vacancies are increased, from 4.789 (0%) to 5.586 wt% (15%). Moreover, increasing concentrations lower the activation energy, which enhances hydrogen diffusion and facilitates efficient hydrogen release.
{"title":"Improving the thermal energy storage performance of calcium hydride via vacancy defects for next-generation concentrating solar power","authors":"Soufiane Bahou","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the metal hydride CaH<sub>2</sub> possesses a remarkably high hydrogen-based energy storage density, its application in thermal energy storage systems for next-generation concentrated solar power plants presents a challenge due to its 1100 °C decomposition temperature. These plants are expected to operate within a range of 600 to 800 °C, which makes CaH<sub>2</sub> unsuitable for use as a reversible hydrogen storage medium. To mitigate the limitations of calcium hydride's thermal stability, this research uses advanced computational modeling to explore the impacts of calcium vacancy formation on decomposition temperature. Computations were conducted using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method alongside the coherent potential approximation used to model disordered systems. The findings reveal that increasing the concentration of calcium defects in the material correlates with a significant rise in formation enthalpy from −184.5 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>H₂ at 0% calcium defect concentration to −106.9 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>H₂ at 15% calcium defect concentration, along with a marked reduction in decomposition temperature from 1127 °C (0%) to 538 °C (15%). The findings also reveal a significant increase in storage capacity of CaH<sub>2</sub> as Ca vacancies are increased, from 4.789 (0%) to 5.586 wt% (15%). Moreover, increasing concentrations lower the activation energy, which enhances hydrogen diffusion and facilitates efficient hydrogen release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120885"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120862
Faiz Majeed , Dania Batool , Sein Oh , Seok-Teak Yun , Jonghoon Kim
Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is essential for battery management systems in portable electronics, electric scooters, and electric vehicles. Most systems rely on fuel gauge integrated circuits using coulomb counting, which accumulates drift over time and requires recalibration through open-circuit voltage (OCV), a process that depends on impractical zero-current rest periods in continuous-use applications. Therefore, this study introduces a hybrid SOC estimation methodology that combines the strengths of traditional OCV methods through a dynamic weights approach. The proposed method uniquely enables recalibration during rest periods without requiring zero current, allowing real-time and reliable SOC monitoring under varying load conditions. The hybrid technique was validated through comprehensive experimentation, including a case study of an electric scooter tested on a C8051F41 microcontroller under room temperature, 5 °C, and 45 °C operating conditions. This case study simulated real-world operating scenarios, demonstrating the hybrid method's superior accuracy with a mean absolute error of 0.1552% and a root mean square error of 0.2046% at room temperature while maintaining comparable accuracy at 5 °C and 45 °C, outperforming traditional OCV methods. This adaptive approach ensures robust SOC estimation, making it particularly suitable for microcontroller-based systems where computational efficiency and simplicity are crucial. Through addressing the practical limitations of traditional SOC-OCV methods, this research enhances the capabilities of fuel gauge ICs in commercial applications.
{"title":"Hybrid fuel gauge approach based on incremental and low-current open-circuit voltage methods for continuous state-of-charge estimation in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Faiz Majeed , Dania Batool , Sein Oh , Seok-Teak Yun , Jonghoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is essential for battery management systems in portable electronics, electric scooters, and electric vehicles. Most systems rely on fuel gauge integrated circuits using coulomb counting, which accumulates drift over time and requires recalibration through open-circuit voltage (OCV), a process that depends on impractical zero-current rest periods in continuous-use applications. Therefore, this study introduces a hybrid SOC estimation methodology that combines the strengths of traditional OCV methods through a dynamic weights approach. The proposed method uniquely enables recalibration during rest periods without requiring zero current, allowing real-time and reliable SOC monitoring under varying load conditions. The hybrid technique was validated through comprehensive experimentation, including a case study of an electric scooter tested on a C8051F41 microcontroller under room temperature, 5 °C, and 45 °C operating conditions. This case study simulated real-world operating scenarios, demonstrating the hybrid method's superior accuracy with a mean absolute error of 0.1552% and a root mean square error of 0.2046% at room temperature while maintaining comparable accuracy at 5 °C and 45 °C, outperforming traditional OCV methods. This adaptive approach ensures robust SOC estimation, making it particularly suitable for microcontroller-based systems where computational efficiency and simplicity are crucial. Through addressing the practical limitations of traditional SOC-OCV methods, this research enhances the capabilities of fuel gauge ICs in commercial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120862"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120952
Jianyu Xu , Junsheng Zheng , Jinghao Su , Zongjin Li , Kangyang Liang , Cuijuan Pang , Qing Liu
Conventional organic/inorganic phase change materials (PCMs) in cementitious composites often suffer from low thermal conductivity, poor high-temperature stability, and mechanical property degradation. This study proposes a novel strategy using a core-shell PCM, with a low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) core and a gelatin shell, to enhance the interface transition zone. The LMPA PCM exhibits a melting point of 49.4 °C and a latent heat of 29.8 J/g. This design leads to a synergistic improvement in the composite's properties: an 11.8% increase in thermal conductivity, maintained thermal stability at 800 °C, and a high compressive strength of 51.4 MPa with 6% LMPA PCM incorporation. The thermal energy storage capacity is optimized by particle size and sample thickness, with 6% large-sized particles in 30 mm-thick samples performing best. This research provides valuable insights for developing cement composites that enhance indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption.
{"title":"A novel energy storage strategy for cement composites in smart buildings: Synergistic enhancement of energy efficiency and mechanical strength via low melting point alloy","authors":"Jianyu Xu , Junsheng Zheng , Jinghao Su , Zongjin Li , Kangyang Liang , Cuijuan Pang , Qing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional organic/inorganic phase change materials (PCMs) in cementitious composites often suffer from low thermal conductivity, poor high-temperature stability, and mechanical property degradation. This study proposes a novel strategy using a core-shell PCM, with a low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) core and a gelatin shell, to enhance the interface transition zone. The LMPA PCM exhibits a melting point of 49.4 °C and a latent heat of 29.8 J/g. This design leads to a synergistic improvement in the composite's properties: an 11.8% increase in thermal conductivity, maintained thermal stability at 800 °C, and a high compressive strength of 51.4 MPa with 6% LMPA PCM incorporation. The thermal energy storage capacity is optimized by particle size and sample thickness, with 6% large-sized particles in 30 mm-thick samples performing best. This research provides valuable insights for developing cement composites that enhance indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120952"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120889
Shaobo Xi , Fei Liang , Jing Ding , Weilong Wang , Shule Liu , Duu-Jong Lee , Jianfeng Lu
Chloride molten salts are widely regarded as promising heat transfer fluids in concentrating solar power systems, owing to the affordability and ability to operate effectively across broad temperature ranges. In this work, composite energy storage material with molten salt and carbon sheet is efficiently prepared by waste salt, and its enhancement mechanism of thermal property is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. By molten-salt pyrolysis, the carbon sheets are synthesized in situ via decomposition of organic pollutant in waste salt, and 10 °C/min is the appropriate heating rate based on pyrolysis kinetic equation. The composite molten salt with 1.5 wt% carbon sheet shows a maximum specific heat capacity of 1.15 J/(g·K), 18.4% higher than pure molten salt. With the increase of carbon sheet content, composite molten salt exhibits high thermal conductivity of 0.42 W/(m·K) at 2.0 wt%, representing an improvement of 10.5%. According to molecular dynamics research, the simulated thermal properties are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the enhancement of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity is attributed to system potential energy increment. Furthermore, the composite molten salt demonstrates outstanding thermal stability even after prolonged use, making it a cost-effective and high-performance material for energy storage applications.
{"title":"Enhancing thermal properties of composite molten salt with in-situ synthesized carbon sheets for thermal energy storage","authors":"Shaobo Xi , Fei Liang , Jing Ding , Weilong Wang , Shule Liu , Duu-Jong Lee , Jianfeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chloride molten salts are widely regarded as promising heat transfer fluids in concentrating solar power systems, owing to the affordability and ability to operate effectively across broad temperature ranges. In this work, composite energy storage material with molten salt and carbon sheet is efficiently prepared by waste salt, and its enhancement mechanism of thermal property is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. By molten-salt pyrolysis, the carbon sheets are synthesized in situ via decomposition of organic pollutant in waste salt, and 10 °C/min is the appropriate heating rate based on pyrolysis kinetic equation. The composite molten salt with 1.5 wt% carbon sheet shows a maximum specific heat capacity of 1.15 J/(g·K), 18.4% higher than pure molten salt. With the increase of carbon sheet content, composite molten salt exhibits high thermal conductivity of 0.42 W/(m·K) at 2.0 wt%, representing an improvement of 10.5%. According to molecular dynamics research, the simulated thermal properties are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the enhancement of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity is attributed to system potential energy increment. Furthermore, the composite molten salt demonstrates outstanding thermal stability even after prolonged use, making it a cost-effective and high-performance material for energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120889"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号