Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115646
Mohamed Taha Gabriel , Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour , Masahito Shoyama , Sobhy M. Abdelkader
Effective integration of PV and battery energy storage with the grid enhances energy efficiency and contributes to a more reliable and economically viable energy system. This paper proposes a Triple-Active Bridge (TAB)-based Solid-State Transformer (SST) topology for integrating PV and battery with the grid. The proposed TAB-based SST can connect hybrid DC and AC sources with full controllability over the power flow among them while supporting galvanic isolation. This configuration enables the PV system to effectively connect a PV array, battery, and AC and/or DC loads through a centralized controller, supporting both grid-connected or stand-alone operational modes. A design procedure is developed for the proposed PV system taking into consideration the solar irradiance change on the PV array and the voltage variation of the battery energy storage (BES) during charging and discharging. A decoupling control scheme with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is developed. The performance of the system is evaluated through extensive simulation with the possible scenarios of a typical working PV system.
{"title":"Design and performance evaluation of a battery-integrated PV system utilizing triple-active bridge based solid-state transformer topology","authors":"Mohamed Taha Gabriel , Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour , Masahito Shoyama , Sobhy M. Abdelkader","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective integration of PV and battery energy storage with the grid enhances energy efficiency and contributes to a more reliable and economically viable energy system. This paper proposes a Triple-Active Bridge (TAB)-based Solid-State Transformer (SST) topology for integrating PV and battery with the grid. The proposed TAB-based SST can connect hybrid DC and AC sources with full controllability over the power flow among them while supporting galvanic isolation. This configuration enables the PV system to effectively connect a PV array, battery, and AC and/or DC loads through a centralized controller, supporting both grid-connected or stand-alone operational modes. A design procedure is developed for the proposed PV system taking into consideration the solar irradiance change on the PV array and the voltage variation of the battery energy storage (BES) during charging and discharging. A decoupling control scheme with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is developed. The performance of the system is evaluated through extensive simulation with the possible scenarios of a typical working PV system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115646"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115805
Haocheng Wang , Kean How Cheah , Jing Wang , Hainam Do , He Zhang , Yong Ren
With the rapid advancement of science and technology, various electric drive devices and electrical systems are increasingly being utilized in the field of industrial manufacturing. The power semiconductors in this domain are primarily silicon-based insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Temperature has a direct impact on the lifespan of MOSFETs and their surrounding components. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the thermal management capabilities of MOSFET systems. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is employed to theoretically investigate the importance of including phase change material (PCM) in MOSFET systems for enhanced heat dissipation. Additionally, the impact of numerous factors, such as the shape of the MOSFET/PCM system, the type of PCM used for filling, the material of the system's main framework, and the heat transfer coefficient between the system's surface and the surrounding air on the system's thermal management capabilities were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of PCM significantly enhances the thermal management capabilities of MOSFET systems. At the end of the simulation, the average temperature of the MOSFET in the experimental group filled with PCM-RT70HC is 49.23 lower than that in the group without PCM filling. Considering both heat dissipation capacity and practical application difficulties, the rectangular shape is considered the most optimal for the MOSFET/PCM system compared to circular and square shapes. Additionally, among different PCMs, PCM-RT69HC exhibited the best thermal management capabilities for the MOSFET, with a system temperature reduction of 10.4 compared to the group with the highest temperature. Furthermore, shell materials with higher thermal conductivity or heat transfer coefficients effectively reduced the temperature and temperature difference of the MOSFET. It is further noticed that enhancing the heat transfer coefficients led to improved thermal management in the MOSFET/PCM system. When comparing a system with a heat transfer coefficient of 5 , to one with a coefficient of 15 , there is a notable decrease in average temperature. Specifically, at the end of the simulation, the average temperature decreased by 13.08 , reaching 162.92 . Additionally, the temperature difference narrowed down by 0.27 , settling at 11.91 .
{"title":"Phase change based heat transfer for thermal management of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors","authors":"Haocheng Wang , Kean How Cheah , Jing Wang , Hainam Do , He Zhang , Yong Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of science and technology, various electric drive devices and electrical systems are increasingly being utilized in the field of industrial manufacturing. The power semiconductors in this domain are primarily silicon-based insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Temperature has a direct impact on the lifespan of MOSFETs and their surrounding components. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the thermal management capabilities of MOSFET systems. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is employed to theoretically investigate the importance of including phase change material (PCM) in MOSFET systems for enhanced heat dissipation. Additionally, the impact of numerous factors, such as the shape of the MOSFET/PCM system, the type of PCM used for filling, the material of the system's main framework, and the heat transfer coefficient between the system's surface and the surrounding air on the system's thermal management capabilities were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of PCM significantly enhances the thermal management capabilities of MOSFET systems. At the end of the simulation, the average temperature of the MOSFET in the experimental group filled with PCM-RT70HC is 49.23 <span><math><mo>%</mo></math></span> lower than that in the group without PCM filling. Considering both heat dissipation capacity and practical application difficulties, the rectangular shape is considered the most optimal for the MOSFET/PCM system compared to circular and square shapes. Additionally, among different PCMs, PCM-RT69HC exhibited the best thermal management capabilities for the MOSFET, with a system temperature reduction of 10.4 <span><math><mo>%</mo></math></span> compared to the group with the highest temperature. Furthermore, shell materials with higher thermal conductivity or heat transfer coefficients effectively reduced the temperature and temperature difference of the MOSFET. It is further noticed that enhancing the heat transfer coefficients led to improved thermal management in the MOSFET/PCM system. When comparing a system with a heat transfer coefficient of 5 <span><math><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>K</mi></math></span>, to one with a coefficient of 15 <span><math><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>K</mi></math></span>, there is a notable decrease in average temperature. Specifically, at the end of the simulation, the average temperature decreased by 13.08 <span><math><mo>%</mo></math></span>, reaching 162.92 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span>. Additionally, the temperature difference narrowed down by 0.27 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span>, settling at 11.91 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115805"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115694
Li Wan , Bin Zou , Jinqing Peng , Rongxin Yin , Ji Li , Renge Li , Bin Hao
Proper configuration of battery capacity is critical for achieving desirable performance for distributed building photovoltaic-battery (PVB) systems. However, conventional battery capacity configurations are usually performed based on predefined rule-based operational strategies, of which the objectives are generally inconsistent with those of capacity optimization. To address this issue, this paper proposed a multi-objective hierarchical co-optimization (MHCO) framework for battery capacity configuration and operational strategy, which balances economic, technological, and environmental considerations. Within the proposed framework, the battery capacity configuration is positioned in the upper layer and the operational strategy in the lower layer, with both layers sharing a unified objective function. During each optimization step, the upper layer transmits updated battery capacities to the lower layer, which provides feedback on charge and discharge control sets and performance indicators. The optimization problem was solved using the second-generation Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) coupled with Dynamic Programming (DP). The proposed MHCO was comprehensively compared to the conventional method in terms of the optimized battery capacity (Eb,o) and the normalized gain (NG) of performance indicators. Based on the case study of a medium-sized apartment building, the MHCO achieved larger Eb,o, and the NG was up to 0.27, proving the necessity of aligning the objectives of capacity configuration and operational strategy. Energy flow analysis showed that the MHCO method has greater adaptability to various optimization requirements by unifying the objectives of battery capacity configuration and operational strategy. As a result, the MHCO method showed better performance under conditions of different PV penetration rates, dynamic FiT, and dynamic GEF, achieving maximum NG of 0.92, 0.31, and 0.80, respectively.
{"title":"Multi-objective hierarchical co-optimization of battery capacity configuration and operational strategy for photovoltaic-battery systems in buildings","authors":"Li Wan , Bin Zou , Jinqing Peng , Rongxin Yin , Ji Li , Renge Li , Bin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proper configuration of battery capacity is critical for achieving desirable performance for distributed building photovoltaic-battery (PVB) systems. However, conventional battery capacity configurations are usually performed based on predefined rule-based operational strategies, of which the objectives are generally inconsistent with those of capacity optimization. To address this issue, this paper proposed a multi-objective hierarchical co-optimization (MHCO) framework for battery capacity configuration and operational strategy, which balances economic, technological, and environmental considerations. Within the proposed framework, the battery capacity configuration is positioned in the upper layer and the operational strategy in the lower layer, with both layers sharing a unified objective function. During each optimization step, the upper layer transmits updated battery capacities to the lower layer, which provides feedback on charge and discharge control sets and performance indicators. The optimization problem was solved using the second-generation Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) coupled with Dynamic Programming (DP). The proposed MHCO was comprehensively compared to the conventional method in terms of the optimized battery capacity (<em>E</em><sub><em>b,o</em></sub>) and the normalized gain <em>(NG</em>) of performance indicators. Based on the case study of a medium-sized apartment building, the MHCO achieved larger <em>E</em><sub><em>b,o</em></sub>, and the <em>NG</em> was up to 0.27, proving the necessity of aligning the objectives of capacity configuration and operational strategy. Energy flow analysis showed that the MHCO method has greater adaptability to various optimization requirements by unifying the objectives of battery capacity configuration and operational strategy. As a result, the MHCO method showed better performance under conditions of different PV penetration rates, dynamic FiT, and dynamic GEF, achieving maximum <em>NG</em> of 0.92, 0.31, and 0.80, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115694"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115816
Shakeel Ahmad , Muhammad Tariq , Umar Farooq , Henmei Ni , Afaq Ullah Khan , Zainab M. Almarhoon , Abdulaziz A. Alanazi , Talal M. Althagafi , Kamran Tahir , Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
The integration of Cobalt hydroxide fluoride Co(OH)F-based materials is expected to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrodes. In this work, Co(OH)F with various morphologies was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method and evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The porous nano square-like morphology exhibited excellent durability in electrochemical reactions, providing abundant active sites. Furthermore, the highly electronegative fluorine atom contributes to fast ion diffusion to electrode surface and reduces intrinsic resistance during the reaction, leading to remarkable electrochemical performance. Remarkably, the optimized Co(OH)F450 exhibited an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 558 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is greater than that of Co(OH)F300, and Co(OH)F150 electrodes. Furthermore, the device delivered outstanding cyclic performance, maintaining 80 % capacitance retention after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Finally, the Co(OH)F450 electrode demonstrates a promising energy density of 27 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2571 W kg−1. Above results suggest that Co(OH)F450 electrode could pave way for the development of high-performance electrodes in the field of energy storage.
{"title":"A self-supporting Co(OH)F nanosquares with ion and electron conductive structure for high performance electrochemical energy storage","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad , Muhammad Tariq , Umar Farooq , Henmei Ni , Afaq Ullah Khan , Zainab M. Almarhoon , Abdulaziz A. Alanazi , Talal M. Althagafi , Kamran Tahir , Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of Cobalt hydroxide fluoride Co(<em>OH</em>)F-based materials is expected to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrodes. In this work, Co(<em>OH</em>)F with various morphologies was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method and evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The porous nano square-like morphology exhibited excellent durability in electrochemical reactions, providing abundant active sites. Furthermore, the highly electronegative fluorine atom contributes to fast ion diffusion to electrode surface and reduces intrinsic resistance during the reaction, leading to remarkable electrochemical performance. Remarkably, the optimized Co(<em>OH</em>)F<sub>450</sub> exhibited an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 558 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, which is greater than that of Co(<em>OH</em>)F<sub>300</sub>, and Co(<em>OH</em>)F<sub>150</sub> electrodes. Furthermore, the device delivered outstanding cyclic performance, maintaining 80 % capacitance retention after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Finally, the Co(<em>OH</em>)F<sub>450</sub> electrode demonstrates a promising energy density of 27 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 2571 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Above results suggest that Co(<em>OH</em>)F<sub>450</sub> electrode could pave way for the development of high-performance electrodes in the field of energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115816"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115707
Jinghua Sun , Yixin Liu , Josef Kainz
Accurate estimation of the battery state is a crucial requirement for advanced battery management systems (BMS). Model-based state estimation methods represent the most promising option to meet BMS requirements, where the equivalent circuit model (ECM) is an effective balance between modelling complexity and accuracy. ECM's accuracy is influenced by the combination of chosen model type and parameter identification method. In this paper, batteries are aged under various conditions. Both frequency and time domain measurements are performed on batteries in a variety of aging states. These measurements are employed for comparing all combinations of 7 existing models with 7 common identification methods. In addition, the accuracy of SOH models based on ECM parameters is investigated. The experimental results indicate that for frequency and time domain measurements, the same identification algorithm may exhibit distinct performances. Overall, PSO, GWO and LSQ are ideal candidates. Among them, PSO and GWO perform optimally in the frequency domain environment, while LSQ is superior in the time domain environment. Furthermore, this conclusion does not change with battery aging. Meanwhile, a simpler model structure is even beneficial for efficiently monitoring SOH when utilizing the aforementioned superior identification methods.
{"title":"A comparative study of parameter identification methods for equivalent circuit models for lithium-ion batteries and their application to state of health estimation","authors":"Jinghua Sun , Yixin Liu , Josef Kainz","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of the battery state is a crucial requirement for advanced battery management systems (BMS). Model-based state estimation methods represent the most promising option to meet BMS requirements, where the equivalent circuit model (ECM) is an effective balance between modelling complexity and accuracy. ECM's accuracy is influenced by the combination of chosen model type and parameter identification method. In this paper, batteries are aged under various conditions. Both frequency and time domain measurements are performed on batteries in a variety of aging states. These measurements are employed for comparing all combinations of 7 existing models with 7 common identification methods. In addition, the accuracy of SOH models based on ECM parameters is investigated. The experimental results indicate that for frequency and time domain measurements, the same identification algorithm may exhibit distinct performances. Overall, PSO, GWO and LSQ are ideal candidates. Among them, PSO and GWO perform optimally in the frequency domain environment, while LSQ is superior in the time domain environment. Furthermore, this conclusion does not change with battery aging. Meanwhile, a simpler model structure is even beneficial for efficiently monitoring SOH when utilizing the aforementioned superior identification methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115707"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study the impact of novel directional flow annular fins on the charging and discharging process in a vertical shell and tube latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTES) with phase change materials (PCM) is examined. Consequently, the tube carrying heat transfer fluid (HTF) is surrounded by five annular fins. To examine the impact of directional flow fins on the thermal performance of LHTES, four novel directional flow fin configurations namely, 1 mm thick solid circular fin, 10 mm thick hollow circular fin - flow of HTF only through the central tube, 10 mm thick hollow circular fin - flow of HTF partially through the central tube and partially through the fin structure, 10 mm hollow circular fin - flow of HTF only through the fin structure were selected. In order to study the LTHES experimentally, three sections are chosen for the location of thermocouples at 0, 120 and 240°. At each sections five thermocouples are located to record the temperature distribution in the PCM. A detailed behavior of melting and solidification cycles are explained by observing temperature variation, accumulative energy and melting fraction during both melting and solidification. Results show that use of directional flow fins decreases melting time by 58.33 % in comparison with conventional fins and solidification time by 50 % of LHTES and allows heat to penetrate deeper through the volume of the PCM more uniformly. Additionally, the thermal efficiency of the LHTES system was found to be 67.4 % during charging and 53.85 % during discharging, validating the significant improvement in energy storage and retrieval performance with directional flow fins in latent heat thermal energy storage system.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of melting and solidification characteristics in a vertical shell and tube latent heat thermal energy storage system with novel directional flow annular fins","authors":"Lakshmana Naik, Veershetty Gumtapure, B.V. Rudra Murthy","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study the impact of novel directional flow annular fins on the charging and discharging process in a vertical shell and tube latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTES) with phase change materials (PCM) is examined. Consequently, the tube carrying heat transfer fluid (HTF) is surrounded by five annular fins. To examine the impact of directional flow fins on the thermal performance of LHTES, four novel directional flow fin configurations namely, 1 mm thick solid circular fin, 10 mm thick hollow circular fin - flow of HTF only through the central tube, 10 mm thick hollow circular fin - flow of HTF partially through the central tube and partially through the fin structure, 10 mm hollow circular fin - flow of HTF only through the fin structure were selected. In order to study the LTHES experimentally, three sections are chosen for the location of thermocouples at 0, 120 and 240°. At each sections five thermocouples are located to record the temperature distribution in the PCM. A detailed behavior of melting and solidification cycles are explained by observing temperature variation, accumulative energy and melting fraction during both melting and solidification. Results show that use of directional flow fins decreases melting time by 58.33 % in comparison with conventional fins and solidification time by 50 % of LHTES and allows heat to penetrate deeper through the volume of the PCM more uniformly. Additionally, the thermal efficiency of the LHTES system was found to be 67.4 % during charging and 53.85 % during discharging, validating the significant improvement in energy storage and retrieval performance with directional flow fins in latent heat thermal energy storage system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115768"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115814
Ning Ning , Changyue Sun , Zhongguo John Ma , Siyao Guo , Shan Jiang , Jigang Zhang , Dianchao Hou , Ce Wang
The possible incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in concrete has attracted research interests on the purpose of reducing energy consumption of buildings. PCMs are capable of absorbing and releasing a large amount of energy in determined temperature ranges, so that the thermal comfort and energy saving are achieved. The heat storage and temperature control capacity also decrease the hydration heat of mass concrete to minimize the early-age cracking. PCMs enhance the frost-resistance of concrete in cold regions to improve the durability of structures. Problems of concrete for civil engineering applications can be solved. However, the mechanical properties and workability are negatively affected, resulting in a decrease of the carrying capacity and construction quality. Therefore, it requires more awareness about the innovative way to ensure the application for civil engineering. In this paper, lightweight concrete (LWC), ordinary Portland concrete (OPC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporating macroencapsulated PCMs and microencapsulated PCMs (mPCMs) are summarized. The PCMs effected on thermal properties, mechanical properties, crack control, frost-resistance, and workabilty are comprehensively discussed and compared. The potential reasons contributing to this influence have been are summarized.
{"title":"A review of incorporating PCMs in various types of concrete: Thermal and mechanical properties, crack control, frost-resistance, and workability","authors":"Ning Ning , Changyue Sun , Zhongguo John Ma , Siyao Guo , Shan Jiang , Jigang Zhang , Dianchao Hou , Ce Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The possible incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in concrete has attracted research interests on the purpose of reducing energy consumption of buildings. PCMs are capable of absorbing and releasing a large amount of energy in determined temperature ranges, so that the thermal comfort and energy saving are achieved. The heat storage and temperature control capacity also decrease the hydration heat of mass concrete to minimize the early-age cracking. PCMs enhance the frost-resistance of concrete in cold regions to improve the durability of structures. Problems of concrete for civil engineering applications can be solved. However, the mechanical properties and workability are negatively affected, resulting in a decrease of the carrying capacity and construction quality. Therefore, it requires more awareness about the innovative way to ensure the application for civil engineering. In this paper, lightweight concrete (LWC), ordinary Portland concrete (OPC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporating macroencapsulated PCMs and microencapsulated PCMs (mPCMs) are summarized. The PCMs effected on thermal properties, mechanical properties, crack control, frost-resistance, and workabilty are comprehensively discussed and compared. The potential reasons contributing to this influence have been are summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115671
Junjie Wei, Youhong Wan, Chuanming Zhang, Peng Hua, Jie Tang
A combined adaptive central difference Kalman filter and discrete-time sliding mode observer (ACDKF-DSMO) algorithm is proposed to improve the robustness and accuracy of estimating both state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) for Li-ion batteries. The pulse discharge method is utilized to identify the model parameters using the dual polarization (DP) model. Since the discrete-time sliding mode observer (DSMO) demonstrates good robustness and adaptability in effectively addressing uncertainties and nonlinearities, this advantage is combined with the accuracy of the central difference Kalman filter (CDKF). Specifically, the state equation of DSMO is incorporated into the state update phase of CDKF, thereby improving SOC estimation through synergy with Sage-Husa adaptive filter. Aiming at the problem that battery capacity will decline during actual operation, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the capacity over a long-time scale while the ACDKF-DSMO algorithm is employed to estimate the SOC over a short-time scale, since the capacity changes slowly but the SOC changes quickly. The single SOC estimation experiment based on the ACDKF-DSMO was conducted under the non-noise condition, Gaussian white noise and colored noise respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) were 0.556%, 0.87%, and 0.82%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.557%, 0.88%, and 0.83% respectively, demonstrating good estimation accuracy and robustness. The multi-time scale joint estimation of SOC and SOH was validated under mixed cycle conditions, and the MAE and RMSE of SOC estimation were 0.47% and 0.56%, respectively. Compared with the single SOC estimation algorithm, the results were reduced by 1.16% and 1.39% respectively, indicating that the joint estimation method can significantly enhance the accuracy of SOC estimation.
{"title":"Enhanced SOC and SOH estimation for Li-ion batteries based on combining adaptive central difference Kalman filter and discrete-time sliding mode observer","authors":"Junjie Wei, Youhong Wan, Chuanming Zhang, Peng Hua, Jie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A combined adaptive central difference Kalman filter and discrete-time sliding mode observer (ACDKF-DSMO) algorithm is proposed to improve the robustness and accuracy of estimating both state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) for Li-ion batteries. The pulse discharge method is utilized to identify the model parameters using the dual polarization (DP) model. Since the discrete-time sliding mode observer (DSMO) demonstrates good robustness and adaptability in effectively addressing uncertainties and nonlinearities, this advantage is combined with the accuracy of the central difference Kalman filter (CDKF). Specifically, the state equation of DSMO is incorporated into the state update phase of CDKF, thereby improving SOC estimation through synergy with Sage-Husa adaptive filter. Aiming at the problem that battery capacity will decline during actual operation, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the capacity over a long-time scale while the ACDKF-DSMO algorithm is employed to estimate the SOC over a short-time scale, since the capacity changes slowly but the SOC changes quickly. The single SOC estimation experiment based on the ACDKF-DSMO was conducted under the non-noise condition, Gaussian white noise and colored noise respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) were 0.556%, 0.87%, and 0.82%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.557%, 0.88%, and 0.83% respectively, demonstrating good estimation accuracy and robustness. The multi-time scale joint estimation of SOC and SOH was validated under mixed cycle conditions, and the MAE and RMSE of SOC estimation were 0.47% and 0.56%, respectively. Compared with the single SOC estimation algorithm, the results were reduced by 1.16% and 1.39% respectively, indicating that the joint estimation method can significantly enhance the accuracy of SOC estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115671"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115773
Amit Kumar Rathoure, Ashish Kapoor, G.L. Devnani, Dan Bahadur Pal
The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources has significantly increased the need for efficient and scalable energy storage solutions. Among the various technologies, unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique ability to transition seamlessly between fuel cell (FC) and water electrolyser (WE) modes. This review explores the advancements in materials, performance, challenges, and applications of the URFC system. It delves into the key components of URFCs, including membranes, catalysts, electrodes, and gas diffusion layers, analysing their roles in optimizing performance during both FC and WE modes. The importance of materials such as proton exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst stability, and electrode design for improving energy efficiency, power density, and round-trip efficiency (RTE) is highlighted. The review also addresses critical challenges including expensive electro-catalysts, catalyst degradation, and corrosion of supporting materials, emphasizing ongoing research efforts to mitigate these issues. Furthermore, the paper discusses the benefits of URFCs over traditional batteries, such as longer energy storage periods and fewer cycle limitations. Applications in grid-scale energy storage, renewable energy integration, and transportation are also examined, showcasing the versatile potential of URFCs across various sectors. Finally, future perspectives on scalability, system integration, and material innovations are presented, highlighting the continued evolution of URFC technology for broader commercial deployment.
{"title":"Transforming energy storage with unitized regenerative fuel cells: Challenges and future potential","authors":"Amit Kumar Rathoure, Ashish Kapoor, G.L. Devnani, Dan Bahadur Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources has significantly increased the need for efficient and scalable energy storage solutions. Among the various technologies, unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique ability to transition seamlessly between fuel cell (FC) and water electrolyser (WE) modes. This review explores the advancements in materials, performance, challenges, and applications of the URFC system. It delves into the key components of URFCs, including membranes, catalysts, electrodes, and gas diffusion layers, analysing their roles in optimizing performance during both FC and WE modes. The importance of materials such as proton exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst stability, and electrode design for improving energy efficiency, power density, and round-trip efficiency (RTE) is highlighted. The review also addresses critical challenges including expensive electro-catalysts, catalyst degradation, and corrosion of supporting materials, emphasizing ongoing research efforts to mitigate these issues. Furthermore, the paper discusses the benefits of URFCs over traditional batteries, such as longer energy storage periods and fewer cycle limitations. Applications in grid-scale energy storage, renewable energy integration, and transportation are also examined, showcasing the versatile potential of URFCs across various sectors. Finally, future perspectives on scalability, system integration, and material innovations are presented, highlighting the continued evolution of URFC technology for broader commercial deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115773"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A numerical study is conducted to predict temperature measurements during the solidification of a commercial paraffin-type PCM in a vertical cylinder under T-history conditions. Two fixed-grid techniques are implemented: the enthalpy-porosity formulation and the Apparent Heat Capacity (AHC) method. As it is known, the first, originally devised for metals and alloys, raises questions about its applicability to other materials. Additionally, there may be uncertainties surrounding the assignment of internal parameters when representing the transitional “mushy” region. On the other side, there are limited publications that utilize the AHC method, and even fewer have addressed and compared both methods. Phase-change properties of the paraffin material are determined through the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): phase change temperature range, latent heat, and specific heat capacity vs. temperature curve (). Results show that there is significant disagreement between measurements and simulation results for both methods. The enthalpy-porosity technique may not be entirely suitable for accurately modeling phase changes in paraffin-type PCM. Furthermore, while the AHC method can effectively predict the initial and final stages of solidification, it tends to struggle with accurately simulating the mushy zone. An interesting observation is that in the AHC method, the cooling rate is a critical factor influencing the accuracy of solidification simulations and results depend very much on the DSC curve introduced, determined under a constant cooling rate, which is indeed variable during the experiment
{"title":"Numerical analysis of solidification of paraffin-type PCMs by using customary fixed-grid methods","authors":"Milad Tajik Jamal-Abad , Arnold Martínez , Mauricio Carmona , Cristóbal Cortés","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A numerical study is conducted to predict temperature measurements during the solidification of a commercial paraffin-type PCM in a vertical cylinder under T-history conditions. Two fixed-grid techniques are implemented: the enthalpy-porosity formulation and the Apparent Heat Capacity (AHC) method. As it is known, the first, originally devised for metals and alloys, raises questions about its applicability to other materials. Additionally, there may be uncertainties surrounding the assignment of internal parameters when representing the transitional “mushy” region. On the other side, there are limited publications that utilize the AHC method, and even fewer have addressed and compared both methods. Phase-change properties of the paraffin material are determined through the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): phase change temperature range, latent heat, and specific heat capacity vs. temperature curve (<span><math><msub><mi>c</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>T</mi></math></span>). Results show that there is significant disagreement between measurements and simulation results for both methods. The enthalpy-porosity technique may not be entirely suitable for accurately modeling phase changes in paraffin-type PCM. Furthermore, while the AHC method can effectively predict the initial and final stages of solidification, it tends to struggle with accurately simulating the mushy zone. An interesting observation is that in the AHC method, the cooling rate is a critical factor influencing the accuracy of solidification simulations and results depend very much on the DSC <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>T</mi></math></span> curve introduced, determined under a constant cooling rate, which is indeed variable during the experiment</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115799"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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