Journal of energy storage最新文献_第4页

Enhancing thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion of wood-based phase change materials through carbon-doped boron nitride incorporation 掺杂碳氮化硼提高木基相变材料的导热性和光热转化率

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121055

Chen Liu , Jing Li , Kaiwen Bai, Yitao Guo, Luze Liu, Li Yan, Shanshan Lv

Wood-based phase change material composites are widely utilized in building materials due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. However, their inherently low thermal conductivity limits their effectiveness in thermal energy storage and conversion. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes an innovative strategy by incorporating carbon-doped boron nitride (BCN) and polyethylene glycol (PEG2000) into delignified wood (DW) to fabricate a novel composite phase change material (BCN-DW/PEG). The BCN is synthesized using glucose and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). This strategy effectively improves thermal conductivity while preserving the material's excellent phase change energy storage capability. The thermal conductivity of BCN-DW/PEG reaches 0.371 W/(m·K), exhibiting a 106% increase compared to DW/PEG. Additionally, the composite retains a high latent heat storage capacity of 187.5 J/g due to the efficient integration of PEG2000. Furthermore, BCN-DW/PEG demonstrates remarkable solar-thermal conversion performance, reaching 85 °C within 250 s under 1-sun irradiation. This outstanding performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of BCN and PEG2000, which enhances both thermal conduction and solar-thermal conversion. Overall, this study provides a sustainable approach for solar-assisted thermal management in energy-efficient non-structural buildings.

木基相变材料复合材料因其可持续性和环境效益在建筑材料中得到广泛应用。然而，其固有的低导热性限制了其在热能储存和转换方面的有效性。为了克服这一限制，本研究提出了一种创新的策略，将碳掺杂氮化硼（BCN）和聚乙二醇（PEG2000）掺入去木质素木材（DW）中，制备一种新型复合相变材料（BCN-DW/PEG）。以葡萄糖和六方氮化硼（h-BN）为原料合成了BCN。这种策略有效地提高了导热性，同时保持了材料优异的相变储能能力。BCN-DW/PEG的导热系数达到0.371 W/(m·K)，比DW/PEG提高了106%。此外，由于PEG2000的高效集成，该复合材料保持了187.5 J/g的高潜热储存能力。此外，BCN-DW/PEG具有出色的光热转换性能，在1次太阳照射下250 s内达到85°C。这种优异的性能归功于BCN和PEG2000的协同效应，增强了热传导和太阳能热转换。总的来说，这项研究为节能非结构建筑的太阳能辅助热管理提供了一种可持续的方法。

{"title":"Enhancing thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion of wood-based phase change materials through carbon-doped boron nitride incorporation","authors":"Chen Liu , Jing Li , Kaiwen Bai, Yitao Guo, Luze Liu, Li Yan, Shanshan Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood-based phase change material composites are widely utilized in building materials due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. However, their inherently low thermal conductivity limits their effectiveness in thermal energy storage and conversion. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes an innovative strategy by incorporating carbon-doped boron nitride (BCN) and polyethylene glycol (PEG2000) into delignified wood (DW) to fabricate a novel composite phase change material (BCN-DW/PEG). The BCN is synthesized using glucose and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). This strategy effectively improves thermal conductivity while preserving the material's excellent phase change energy storage capability. The thermal conductivity of BCN-DW/PEG reaches 0.371 W/(m·K), exhibiting a 106% increase compared to DW/PEG. Additionally, the composite retains a high latent heat storage capacity of 187.5 J/g due to the efficient integration of PEG2000. Furthermore, BCN-DW/PEG demonstrates remarkable solar-thermal conversion performance, reaching 85 °C within 250 s under 1-sun irradiation. This outstanding performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of BCN and PEG2000, which enhances both thermal conduction and solar-thermal conversion. Overall, this study provides a sustainable approach for solar-assisted thermal management in energy-efficient non-structural buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121055"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A distributed optimization method for wind-storage systems with superlinear convergence 风电系统超线性收敛的分布式优化方法

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121035

Xiuyan Guo , Qi Liu , Yeming Xu , Liping Zhang , Xiao Lu

Distributed energy storage systems have been widely deployed to mitigate power generation fluctuations from wind farm clusters due to their flexible regulation capability. Distributed optimization is well-suited for managing these systems because of its lower communication overhead and enhanced robustness. However, conventional distributed methods often suffer from low computational efficiency and slow convergence. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel distributed optimization method that achieves both low communication costs and superlinear convergence. First, a bi-level optimization model is developed for wind-storage systems, incorporating global–local power coordination, equipment life-cycle cost, and the relative carbon payback period. The payback period is formulated using a high-order Taylor series expansion to enhance numerical accuracy. Secondly, a distributed optimization algorithm based on optimal control theory is proposed. By leveraging Pontryagin’s maximum principle and forward–backward difference equations, the method avoids Hessian inversion while guaranteeing this accelerated convergence rate. Finally, comprehensive simulations verify that the proposed approach reduces carbon emissions and enhances system robustness. Compared to the distributed gradient descent and network Newton algorithms, the proposed method achieves computational efficiency that is 2.92 and 51.37 times higher, respectively, while also improving solution accuracy.

分布式储能系统由于其灵活的调节能力，已被广泛应用于缓解风力发电场集群的发电波动。分布式优化非常适合管理这些系统，因为它具有较低的通信开销和增强的健壮性。然而，传统的分布式算法存在计算效率低、收敛速度慢的问题。为了解决这些限制，本文提出了一种新的分布式优化方法，既能实现低通信成本，又能实现超线性收敛。首先，建立了考虑全局-局部电力协调、设备全寿命周期成本和相对碳回收期的风电系统双层优化模型。投资回收期采用高阶泰勒级数展开式来提高数值精度。其次，提出了基于最优控制理论的分布式优化算法。该方法利用Pontryagin的极大值原理和前后向差分方程，在保证加速收敛速度的同时避免了Hessian反演。最后，综合仿真验证了该方法降低了碳排放，增强了系统的鲁棒性。与分布式梯度下降算法和网络牛顿算法相比，该方法的计算效率分别提高了2.92倍和51.37倍，同时也提高了求解精度。

{"title":"A distributed optimization method for wind-storage systems with superlinear convergence","authors":"Xiuyan Guo , Qi Liu , Yeming Xu , Liping Zhang , Xiao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed energy storage systems have been widely deployed to mitigate power generation fluctuations from wind farm clusters due to their flexible regulation capability. Distributed optimization is well-suited for managing these systems because of its lower communication overhead and enhanced robustness. However, conventional distributed methods often suffer from low computational efficiency and slow convergence. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel distributed optimization method that achieves both low communication costs and superlinear convergence. First, a bi-level optimization model is developed for wind-storage systems, incorporating global–local power coordination, equipment life-cycle cost, and the relative carbon payback period. The payback period is formulated using a high-order Taylor series expansion to enhance numerical accuracy. Secondly, a distributed optimization algorithm based on optimal control theory is proposed. By leveraging Pontryagin’s maximum principle and forward–backward difference equations, the method avoids Hessian inversion while guaranteeing this accelerated convergence rate. Finally, comprehensive simulations verify that the proposed approach reduces carbon emissions and enhances system robustness. Compared to the distributed gradient descent and network Newton algorithms, the proposed method achieves computational efficiency that is 2.92 and 51.37 times higher, respectively, while also improving solution accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121035"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and molecular pillars in empowering ultra-long life vanadium oxide cathodes 揭示了氧空位和分子柱在超长寿命氧化钒阴极中的协同作用

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121013

Huixiong Jiang , Jinyang Tan , Yajiang Wang, Xiaoduo Jiang, Ping Yan, Jin-Hang Liu, Changchao Zhan, Xiaohua Cao, Xiudong Chen

Layered vanadium oxides, recognized as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their superior ion-insertion capability and rich multivalent states, face practical application challenges stemming from inherent structural instability and sluggish Zn²⁺ transport kinetics. Herein, we proposed a dual-regulatory strategy to obtain VOH-EMIM⁺ cathode materials ([(C₆H₁₁N₂)_0.08]V₂O₅·0.255H₂O) through the simultaneous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduction-induced oxygen vacancy construction and intercalation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole (EMIM⁺) organic cations. Synergistic interaction between oxygen vacancies and EMIM⁺ significantly expands the interlayer spacing of V₂O₅ (from 5.74 Å to 12.3 Å), effectively stabilizes the layered framework, and establishes rapid Zn²⁺ diffusion pathways. Electrochemical evaluation demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 394.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ and exceptional cycling stability with 82% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at a high rate of 10 A g⁻¹. In-situ Raman and ex-situ XRD/XPS/SEM characterizations, combined with DFT calculations, revealed that the VOH-EMIM⁺ cathode material is based on an H⁺/Zn²⁺ co-intercalation/deintercalation energy storage mechanism. Furthermore, these analyses elucidate that enhanced electronic conductivity and weakened electrostatic interactions collectively facilitate efficient ion transport within the VOH-EMIM⁺ structure. Notably, flexible batteries fabricated using this cathode exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance, validating its practical feasibility. This study provides a novel design pathway and robust theoretical foundation for developing high-performance AZIBs cathodes.

层状钒氧化物由于其优异的离子插入能力和丰富的多价态而被认为是极有前途的水性锌离子电池（AZIBs）正极材料，但由于其固有的结构不稳定性和缓慢的Zn2+传输动力学，在实际应用中面临着挑战。本文提出了双调控策略，通过过氧化氢（H2O2）还原诱导氧空位的同时构建和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑（EMIM+）有机阳离子的插入，获得VOH-EMIM+正极材料（[(C6H11N2)0.08]V2O5·0.255H2O）。氧空位与EMIM+的协同作用显著地扩大了V2O5的层间间距（从5.74 Å增加到12.3 Å），有效地稳定了层状框架，建立了Zn2+的快速扩散途径。电化学评价表明，在0.2 a g−1条件下具有394.6 mAh g−1的高可逆容量，并且在10 a g−1的高倍率下具有优异的循环稳定性，在8000次循环后仍保持82%的容量。原位拉曼和非原位XRD/XPS/SEM表征，结合DFT计算，揭示了VOH-EMIM+正极材料基于H+/Zn2+共插/脱插储能机制。此外，这些分析表明，增强的电子导电性和减弱的静电相互作用共同促进了VOH-EMIM+结构内有效的离子传输。值得注意的是，使用该阴极制造的柔性电池表现出出色的电化学性能，验证了其实际可行性。该研究为开发高性能azib阴极提供了新的设计途径和坚实的理论基础。

{"title":"Unveiling the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and molecular pillars in empowering ultra-long life vanadium oxide cathodes","authors":"Huixiong Jiang , Jinyang Tan , Yajiang Wang, Xiaoduo Jiang, Ping Yan, Jin-Hang Liu, Changchao Zhan, Xiaohua Cao, Xiudong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered vanadium oxides, recognized as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their superior ion-insertion capability and rich multivalent states, face practical application challenges stemming from inherent structural instability and sluggish Zn<sup>2+</sup> transport kinetics. Herein, we proposed a dual-regulatory strategy to obtain VOH-EMIM<sup>+</sup> cathode materials ([(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.08</sub>]V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·0.255H<sub>2</sub>O) through the simultaneous hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) reduction-induced oxygen vacancy construction and intercalation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole (EMIM<sup>+</sup>) organic cations. Synergistic interaction between oxygen vacancies and EMIM<sup>+</sup> significantly expands the interlayer spacing of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (from 5.74 Å to 12.3 Å), effectively stabilizes the layered framework, and establishes rapid Zn<sup>2+</sup> diffusion pathways. Electrochemical evaluation demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 394.6 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup> and exceptional cycling stability with 82% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at a high rate of 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>. <em>In-situ</em> Raman and <em>ex-situ</em> XRD/XPS/SEM characterizations, combined with DFT calculations, revealed that the VOH-EMIM<sup>+</sup> cathode material is based on an H<sup>+</sup>/Zn<sup>2+</sup> co-intercalation/deintercalation energy storage mechanism. Furthermore, these analyses elucidate that enhanced electronic conductivity and weakened electrostatic interactions collectively facilitate efficient ion transport within the VOH-EMIM<sup>+</sup> structure. Notably, flexible batteries fabricated using this cathode exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance, validating its practical feasibility. This study provides a novel design pathway and robust theoretical foundation for developing high-performance AZIBs cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121013"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing green lithium-ion battery supply chains: A two-stage framework integrating reinforcement learning and mathematical modeling 推进绿色锂离子电池供应链：整合强化学习和数学建模的两阶段框架

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120927

Negin Bakhshi, Ehsan Dehghani, Mohammad Saeed Jabalameli

Lithium-ion batteries have become the leading energy source for electronic devices and electric vehicles, driven by surging demand. This growth poses new challenges in supply chain management. Designing an efficient supply chain for battery production and recycling is critical to minimizing environmental impacts and advancing a sustainable economy. In this context, the present study proposes a novel two-stage approach that integrates reinforcement learning and mathematical modeling to create a green supply chain management framework for Lithium-ion batteries. In the first stage, reinforcement learning is utilized to select the optimal supplier of raw materials by considering market dynamics and uncertainties, ensuring the procurement of high-quality materials at minimal cost. In the second stage, a closed-loop supply chain network is formulated through linear mathematical modeling, simultaneously reducing costs and minimizing environmental footprint. Time-series forecasting further enhances the framework by accurately predicting future battery demand, enabling adaptability to market fluctuations. This combined approach allows the model to adapt flexibly to market fluctuations while fostering a green and efficient supply chain. To evaluate the proposed framework, a case study on the supply chain of Lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles in Iran is conducted. The results demonstrate that the developed approach can effectively lower costs and enhance the environmental sustainability of the battery supply chain.

在需求激增的推动下，锂离子电池已成为电子设备和电动汽车的主要能源。这种增长对供应链管理提出了新的挑战。设计一个高效的电池生产和回收供应链对于最大限度地减少环境影响和推进可持续经济至关重要。在此背景下，本研究提出了一种新的两阶段方法，该方法集成了强化学习和数学建模，以创建锂离子电池的绿色供应链管理框架。在第一阶段，通过考虑市场动态和不确定性，利用强化学习选择最优的原材料供应商，确保以最小的成本采购高质量的材料。第二阶段，通过线性数学建模构建闭环供应链网络，同时降低成本，最大限度地减少环境足迹。时间序列预测通过准确预测未来电池需求进一步增强了框架，使其能够适应市场波动。这种综合方法使该模式能够灵活地适应市场波动，同时培养绿色高效的供应链。为了评估拟议的框架，对伊朗电动汽车使用的锂离子电池供应链进行了案例研究。结果表明，所开发的方法可以有效地降低成本，提高电池供应链的环境可持续性。

{"title":"Advancing green lithium-ion battery supply chains: A two-stage framework integrating reinforcement learning and mathematical modeling","authors":"Negin Bakhshi, Ehsan Dehghani, Mohammad Saeed Jabalameli","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries have become the leading energy source for electronic devices and electric vehicles, driven by surging demand. This growth poses new challenges in supply chain management. Designing an efficient supply chain for battery production and recycling is critical to minimizing environmental impacts and advancing a sustainable economy. In this context, the present study proposes a novel two-stage approach that integrates reinforcement learning and mathematical modeling to create a green supply chain management framework for Lithium-ion batteries. In the first stage, reinforcement learning is utilized to select the optimal supplier of raw materials by considering market dynamics and uncertainties, ensuring the procurement of high-quality materials at minimal cost. In the second stage, a closed-loop supply chain network is formulated through linear mathematical modeling, simultaneously reducing costs and minimizing environmental footprint. Time-series forecasting further enhances the framework by accurately predicting future battery demand, enabling adaptability to market fluctuations. This combined approach allows the model to adapt flexibly to market fluctuations while fostering a green and efficient supply chain. To evaluate the proposed framework, a case study on the supply chain of Lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles in Iran is conducted. The results demonstrate that the developed approach can effectively lower costs and enhance the environmental sustainability of the battery supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120927"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance hybrid self-supporting electrode based on balsa wood biochar/NiCo-layered double hydroxide for advanced supercapacitors 基于轻木生物炭/ nico层状双氢氧化物的高性能混合自支撑电极用于高级超级电容器

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121010

Kun Dong , Xiao Li , Qing Cai , Yuan-Zhuo Tan , Yuan-Ru Guo , Qing-Jiang Pan

To address the challenge of fabricating high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) through a facile and low-cost method, a self-supporting balsa wood-derived biochar (BWB)/NiCo-layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) composite electrode was developed by electrodepositing NiCo-LDH onto BWB. Owing to the inherent structure of balsa wood, the BWB substrate possesses a highly porous architecture that provides abundant active sites for the loading of NiCo-LDH. The as-prepared BWB/NiCo-LDH composite was characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD. The results reveal that NiCo-LDH with a nanoflower-like morphology was uniformly anchored on the BWB surface, and an expanded interlayer spacing of LDH was achieved through this synthetic route. The electrochemical performance of BWB/NiCo-LDH was thoroughly investigated, demonstrating a high specific capacitance of 1788.8 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. When configured as a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC), the BWB/NiCo-LDH device demonstrated a good combination of a high energy density (70.7 Wh kg⁻¹) and a high power density (3100 W kg⁻¹). Moreover, the electrode exhibited a capacitance retention of 95% after 10,000 cycles, highlighting its exceptional long-term stability and minimal performance degradation.

为了解决通过简单和低成本的方法制造高性能超级电容器（SCs）的挑战，通过在BWB上电沉积NiCo-LDH，开发了一种自支撑轻木衍生生物炭(BWB)/ NiCo-LDH层状双氢氧化物（NiCo-LDH）复合电极。由于巴尔沙木的固有结构，BWB基板具有高度多孔的结构，为NiCo-LDH的负载提供了丰富的活性位点。采用SEM、TEM和XRD对制备的BWB/NiCo-LDH复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，具有纳米花状形貌的NiCo-LDH被均匀地锚定在BWB表面，并通过该合成路线扩大了LDH的层间间距。对BWB/NiCo-LDH的电化学性能进行了深入研究，结果表明，在1 a g−1时，BWB/NiCo-LDH的比电容高达1788.8 F g−1。当配置为对称超级电容器（SSC）时，BWB/NiCo-LDH器件表现出高能量密度（70.7 Wh kg−1）和高功率密度（3100 W kg−1）的良好组合。此外，在10,000次循环后，电极的电容保持率为95%，突出了其卓越的长期稳定性和最小的性能退化。

{"title":"High-performance hybrid self-supporting electrode based on balsa wood biochar/NiCo-layered double hydroxide for advanced supercapacitors","authors":"Kun Dong , Xiao Li , Qing Cai , Yuan-Zhuo Tan , Yuan-Ru Guo , Qing-Jiang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of fabricating high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) through a facile and low-cost method, a self-supporting balsa wood-derived biochar (BWB)/NiCo-layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) composite electrode was developed by electrodepositing NiCo-LDH onto BWB. Owing to the inherent structure of balsa wood, the BWB substrate possesses a highly porous architecture that provides abundant active sites for the loading of NiCo-LDH. The as-prepared BWB/NiCo-LDH composite was characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD. The results reveal that NiCo-LDH with a nanoflower-like morphology was uniformly anchored on the BWB surface, and an expanded interlayer spacing of LDH was achieved through this synthetic route. The electrochemical performance of BWB/NiCo-LDH was thoroughly investigated, demonstrating a high specific capacitance of 1788.8 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. When configured as a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC), the BWB/NiCo-LDH device demonstrated a good combination of a high energy density (70.7 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>) and a high power density (3100 W kg<sup>−1</sup>). Moreover, the electrode exhibited a capacitance retention of 95% after 10,000 cycles, highlighting its exceptional long-term stability and minimal performance degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121010"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing 50+ Wh static zinc-bromine battery enabled by simple architecture and dual bromine capturing agent strategy 采用简单结构和双溴捕集剂策略开发50+ Wh静态锌溴电池

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121019

Kyungjae Shin , Changmin Lee , Suhyeong Park , Jiyun Heo , Hee-Tak Kim

Aqueous batteries can be a viable option for grid scale energy storage systems (ESSs) because of the non-flammable nature, cost advantages and high-power density. Despite the successful development of aqueous batteries in lab-scale, the insufficient cell-level energy density arising from low active material ratio and areal capacity limits their potential. Here, we demonstrate the viability of a simple static zinc‑bromine battery (ZBB) architecture that achieves large areal capacity with comparable active material ratio through thick electrode design. The large reaction polarization with thick electrode design was alleviated by utilizing dual bromine capturing additive (dBCA) strategy, while maintaining efficiency at high areal capacity of 50 mAh cm⁻². Finally, the lab-scale cell performance (active area: 4.00 cm²) can be successfully scaled-up to a practical Wh-scale short stack (active area = 210.25 cm²), delivering 57.6 Wh of output energy over 600 cycles. This successful scale-up is attributed to the simple cell architecture and well-managed polarization with dBCA electrolyte. Economic analysis shows the design maintains projected costs of $70 kWh⁻¹ and achieves low levelized cost of energy stored (LCOES) of $0.01 kWh⁻¹%⁻¹ cyc⁻¹, positioning thick electrode design in simple static architectures as a viable pathway for practical aqueous battery systems.

由于不可燃性、成本优势和高功率密度，水性电池可以成为电网规模储能系统（ess）的可行选择。尽管水电池在实验室规模上取得了成功，但由于活性物质比低和面积容量不足而导致的电池级能量密度不足限制了它们的潜力。在这里，我们证明了一种简单的静态锌溴电池（ZBB）结构的可行性，该结构通过厚电极设计实现了具有相当活性材料比的大面积容量。采用双溴捕获添加剂（dBCA）策略减轻了厚电极设计下的大反应极化，同时保持了50 mAh cm−2高面容量下的效率。最后，实验室规模的电池性能（有源面积：4.00 cm2）可以成功地扩展到实际的Wh级短堆栈（有源面积= 210.25 cm2），在600次循环中提供57.6 Wh的输出能量。这种成功的放大归功于简单的电池结构和dBCA电解质的良好管理极化。经济分析表明，该设计保持了70千瓦时−1的预计成本，并实现了0.01千瓦时−1%−1循环−1的低水平储能成本（LCOES），将简单静态架构中的厚电极设计定位为实际水电池系统的可行途径。

{"title":"Developing 50+ Wh static zinc-bromine battery enabled by simple architecture and dual bromine capturing agent strategy","authors":"Kyungjae Shin , Changmin Lee , Suhyeong Park , Jiyun Heo , Hee-Tak Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous batteries can be a viable option for grid scale energy storage systems (ESSs) because of the non-flammable nature, cost advantages and high-power density. Despite the successful development of aqueous batteries in lab-scale, the insufficient cell-level energy density arising from low active material ratio and areal capacity limits their potential. Here, we demonstrate the viability of a simple static zinc‑bromine battery (ZBB) architecture that achieves large areal capacity with comparable active material ratio through thick electrode design. The large reaction polarization with thick electrode design was alleviated by utilizing dual bromine capturing additive (dBCA) strategy, while maintaining efficiency at high areal capacity of 50 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>. Finally, the lab-scale cell performance (active area: 4.00 cm<sup>2</sup>) can be successfully scaled-up to a practical Wh-scale short stack (active area = 210.25 cm<sup>2</sup>), delivering 57.6 Wh of output energy over 600 cycles. This successful scale-up is attributed to the simple cell architecture and well-managed polarization with dBCA electrolyte. Economic analysis shows the design maintains projected costs of $70 kWh<sup>−1</sup> and achieves low levelized cost of energy stored (LCOES) of $0.01 kWh<sup>−1</sup>%<sup>−1</sup> cyc<sup>−1</sup>, positioning thick electrode design in simple static architectures as a viable pathway for practical aqueous battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121019"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capacity recovery in commercial lithium iron phosphate cells: Experimental investigations under varying state of health and state of charge conditions 商用磷酸铁锂电池的容量恢复：不同健康状态和充电状态条件下的实验研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120834

Taek Keun Lyu , Saekyeol Kim , Peter Nguyen, Zhe Zhou, Jae Wan Park

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electronic devices due to their high energy density, fast charging capabilities, and long cycle life. Since degradation is inevitable, accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is essential to ensure safety, reliability, and long-term performance. However, batteries exhibit a capacity increase or decrease caused by the passive electrode effect (PEE) after short- to long-term storage. This unexpected change can lead to inaccuracies in capacity-based SOH estimation. This paper investigates the capacity recovery using 14 commercial 18650 lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells stored at elevated temperatures for 30 days at five different state-of-charge (SOC) conditions with initial SOH ranging from approximately 65% to 90%. The rates and characteristics of the capacity recovery effect were evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of cell behavior. The batteries stored at high SOC presented a discernible capacity increase after 19 cycles regardless of the initial SOH. Incremental capacity analysis (ICA) revealed changes in peak amplitude across specific regions of the incremental capacity curve. These changes indicate capacity recovery resulting from both increased lithium-ion availability and thinning of the calendar-aged solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during storage. The voltage-SOC profiles showed a measurable increase in SOC error when stored under high-SOC conditions. Additionally, Coulombic efficiency (CE) calculations produced CE values greater than 1 during the initial cycles, indicating lithium-ion diffusion between the overhang area and the active area when stored at high SOC. As a result, the analysis indicates the capacity recovery effect is influenced more by storage SOC than by SOH.

锂离子电池以其能量密度高、充电速度快、循环寿命长等优点被广泛应用于电子器件中。由于退化是不可避免的，因此准确的健康状态（SOH）估计对于确保安全性、可靠性和长期性能至关重要。然而，电池在短期或长期储存后，由于被动电极效应（PEE）导致容量增加或减少。这种意想不到的变化可能导致基于容量的SOH估计不准确。本文研究了14个商用18650磷酸铁锂（LFP）电池在5种不同的充电状态（SOC）条件下，在高温下储存30天的容量恢复情况，初始SOH约为65%至90%。通过对细胞行为的综合分析，评估了容量恢复效果的速率和特征。无论初始SOH如何，在高荷电状态下存储的电池在19次循环后都呈现出明显的容量增加。增量容量分析（ICA）揭示了增量容量曲线上不同区域的峰值幅度变化。这些变化表明容量恢复是由于锂离子可用性增加和存储过程中日历老化固体电解质间相（SEI）层变薄造成的。当存储在高荷电状态下时，电压荷电曲线显示出可测量的荷电误差增加。此外，在初始循环过程中，库仑效率（CE）计算得出CE值大于1，表明在高荷电状态下存储时，锂离子在悬空区和活性区之间扩散。结果表明，容量恢复效果受存储SOC的影响大于SOH。

{"title":"Capacity recovery in commercial lithium iron phosphate cells: Experimental investigations under varying state of health and state of charge conditions","authors":"Taek Keun Lyu , Saekyeol Kim , Peter Nguyen, Zhe Zhou, Jae Wan Park","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electronic devices due to their high energy density, fast charging capabilities, and long cycle life. Since degradation is inevitable, accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is essential to ensure safety, reliability, and long-term performance. However, batteries exhibit a capacity increase or decrease caused by the passive electrode effect (PEE) after short- to long-term storage. This unexpected change can lead to inaccuracies in capacity-based SOH estimation. This paper investigates the capacity recovery using 14 commercial 18650 lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells stored at elevated temperatures for 30 days at five different state-of-charge (SOC) conditions with initial SOH ranging from approximately 65% to 90%. The rates and characteristics of the capacity recovery effect were evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of cell behavior. The batteries stored at high SOC presented a discernible capacity increase after 19 cycles regardless of the initial SOH. Incremental capacity analysis (ICA) revealed changes in peak amplitude across specific regions of the incremental capacity curve. These changes indicate capacity recovery resulting from both increased lithium-ion availability and thinning of the calendar-aged solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during storage. The voltage-SOC profiles showed a measurable increase in SOC error when stored under high-SOC conditions. Additionally, Coulombic efficiency (CE) calculations produced CE values greater than 1 during the initial cycles, indicating lithium-ion diffusion between the overhang area and the active area when stored at high SOC. As a result, the analysis indicates the capacity recovery effect is influenced more by storage SOC than by SOH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120834"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fractional-order control and energy storage strategy for frequency stability in renewable power systems 可再生能源系统频率稳定的分数阶控制与储能策略

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.120908

Rebecca Lalparmawii, Suman Majumder, Krishnarti De

The rising demand for electrical energy has increased power generation–load mismatches, leading to frequency deviations and tie-line fluctuations in interconnected systems. These imbalances necessitate effective Load Frequency Control (LFC) to ensure stable and reliable operation. LFC is a critical control strategy that maintains nominal frequency and scheduled power exchange across interconnected areas. To enhance LFC performance, this study proposes a novel hybrid fractional order two-degree-of-freedom (TI^λD^μN) controller, with its parameters optimally tuned using the Walrus Optimisation Algorithm (WaOA) to improve dynamic performance and robustness. Solar PV and DFIG-based wind systems are integrated to support clean energy, while a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit mitigates their intermittency effects. Three configurations—without renewables, with renewables, and with renewables plus SMES—are analysed in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate that renewable penetration deteriorates frequency regulation by increasing overshoot and settling time; however, the coordinated action of the proposed controller and SMES significantly improves damping characteristics, reduces settling time, and enhances overall system stability. Moreover, eigenvalue analysis validates the robustness and stability margins of the proposed control scheme, confirming its suitability for reliable operation of interconnected power systems with high renewable energy penetration.

不断增长的电力需求增加了发电负荷不匹配，导致互联系统的频率偏差和联络线波动。这些不平衡需要有效的负载频率控制（LFC）来确保稳定可靠的运行。LFC是一种关键的控制策略，可以在互联区域之间保持标称频率和计划电力交换。为了提高LFC的性能，本研究提出了一种新型的混合分数阶二自由度（TIλDμN）控制器，其参数采用海象优化算法（WaOA）进行优化调整，以提高动态性能和鲁棒性。太阳能光伏和基于dfg的风能系统集成在一起以支持清洁能源，而超导磁能存储（SMES）单元减轻了它们的间歇性影响。在MATLAB/Simulink中分析了三种配置-无可再生能源，有可再生能源和可再生能源加中小企业。仿真结果表明，可再生侵彻增加了超调量和稳定时间，使频率调节恶化；然而，所提出的控制器和SMES的协调作用显著改善了阻尼特性，减少了沉降时间，并增强了系统的整体稳定性。此外，特征值分析验证了所提出的控制方案的鲁棒性和稳定裕度，证实了其适合于高可再生能源渗透率的互联电力系统的可靠运行。

{"title":"Fractional-order control and energy storage strategy for frequency stability in renewable power systems","authors":"Rebecca Lalparmawii, Suman Majumder, Krishnarti De","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.120908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for electrical energy has increased power generation–load mismatches, leading to frequency deviations and tie-line fluctuations in interconnected systems. These imbalances necessitate effective Load Frequency Control (LFC) to ensure stable and reliable operation. LFC is a critical control strategy that maintains nominal frequency and scheduled power exchange across interconnected areas. To enhance LFC performance, this study proposes a novel hybrid fractional order two-degree-of-freedom (TI<sup>λ</sup>D<sup>μ</sup>N) controller, with its parameters optimally tuned using the Walrus Optimisation Algorithm (WaOA) to improve dynamic performance and robustness. Solar PV and DFIG-based wind systems are integrated to support clean energy, while a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit mitigates their intermittency effects. Three configurations—without renewables, with renewables, and with renewables plus SMES—are analysed in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate that renewable penetration deteriorates frequency regulation by increasing overshoot and settling time; however, the coordinated action of the proposed controller and SMES significantly improves damping characteristics, reduces settling time, and enhances overall system stability. Moreover, eigenvalue analysis validates the robustness and stability margins of the proposed control scheme, confirming its suitability for reliable operation of interconnected power systems with high renewable energy penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 120908"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modification with sodium lignosulfonate rendering LiMn2O4 cathode outstanding performance 用木质素磺酸钠改性后的LiMn2O4阴极性能优异

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121063

Jing-Jing Jin, Qi Wang, Yu-Jun Bai

Spinel LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) cathode material possesses advantag es of high operating voltage, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the structural changes and capacity decay caused by Mn dissolution upon cycling severely constrain the widespread application. In this work, these issues are solved by superficially modifying LMO with sodium lignosulfonate (SL). After uniformly mixing LMO and SL in water followed by sintering at 550 °C, a thin and uniform sulfate coating layer forms on the particle surface of LMO accompanying with the substitution of some Na⁺ for Li⁺, not only stabilizing the structure of LMO, protecting LMO from electrolyte corrosion and suppressing interfacial side reactions, but also enhancing Li⁺ diffusion and electron transfer. Consequently, the SL-modified LMO exhibits outstanding rate and cycling performance, delivering a capacity of 95.8 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C and a capacity retention of 82.5% after 500 cycles at 2C and room temperature, markedly superior to the unmodified LMO. The simple and feasible fabrication of the SL-modified LMO along with the excellent performance could boost the widespread application of the LMO cathode in Li-ion batteries.

尖晶石LiMn2O4 （LMO）正极材料具有工作电压高、成本低、环境友好等优点。然而，锰在循环过程中溶解引起的结构变化和容量衰减严重限制了其广泛应用。本研究采用木质素磺酸钠（SL）对LMO进行表面改性，解决了上述问题。LMO与SL在水中均匀混合，550℃烧结后，在LMO颗粒表面形成一层薄薄的均匀的硫酸盐包覆层，并伴有部分Na+取代Li+，不仅稳定了LMO的结构，保护LMO不受电解质腐蚀，抑制了界面副反应，还增强了Li+的扩散和电子转移。因此，sl修饰的LMO具有出色的倍率和循环性能，在5C下的容量为95.8 mAh g−1，在2C和室温下循环500次后的容量保持率为82.5%，明显优于未修饰的LMO。sl改性LMO的制备方法简单可行，且性能优异，有望推动LMO阴极在锂离子电池中的广泛应用。

{"title":"Modification with sodium lignosulfonate rendering LiMn2O4 cathode outstanding performance","authors":"Jing-Jing Jin, Qi Wang, Yu-Jun Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LMO) cathode material possesses advantag es of high operating voltage, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the structural changes and capacity decay caused by Mn dissolution upon cycling severely constrain the widespread application. In this work, these issues are solved by superficially modifying LMO with sodium lignosulfonate (SL). After uniformly mixing LMO and SL in water followed by sintering at 550 °C, a thin and uniform sulfate coating layer forms on the particle surface of LMO accompanying with the substitution of some Na<sup>+</sup> for Li<sup>+</sup>, not only stabilizing the structure of LMO, protecting LMO from electrolyte corrosion and suppressing interfacial side reactions, but also enhancing Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and electron transfer. Consequently, the SL-modified LMO exhibits outstanding rate and cycling performance, delivering a capacity of 95.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5C and a capacity retention of 82.5% after 500 cycles at 2C and room temperature, markedly superior to the unmodified LMO. The simple and feasible fabrication of the SL-modified LMO along with the excellent performance could boost the widespread application of the LMO cathode in Li-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121063"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of polyol based eutectic phase change material for thermal management in lithium-ion batteries 多元醇基共晶相变材料在锂离子电池热管理中的实验研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121005

A.M. Fathimathul Faseena , Gururaj Govindaraja , A. Sreekumar

The increasing energy demand in electric vehicles has accelerated the reliance on lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to their superior energy density and low self-discharge characteristics. Nevertheless, these batteries generate considerable heat during operation, which can compromise their long-term performance and safety. This highlights the necessity of incorporating efficient battery thermal management systems (BTMS). In recent years, phase change material (PCM)-based strategies have gained significant research interest for addressing these challenges. In this study, a binary eutectic PCM formulated from xylitol and myristyl alcohol was developed, and its thermophysical behavior was comprehensively characterized using DSC, TGA, FTIR, XRD, corrosion studies, accelerated thermal cycling, and thermal conductivity analysis (C-Therm). A 12-cell lithium-ion battery module configured in 3S4P arrangement was constructed to experimentally investigate its thermal response under different discharge C-rates with natural convection cooling and PCM cooling. The results revealed that PCM incorporation reduced the maximum module temperature by 4.23%, 12.18%, 17.89%, 23.61%, 25.82%, and 31.7% at discharge rates of 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, and 3C, respectively, compared to natural convection cooling. Importantly, the PCM maintained cell temperatures within the recommended safety range up to 2C and successfully limited the peak temperature to below 41°

C

even at 3C. Furthermore, significant improvements in temperature uniformity were achieved, with maximum thermal gradient reductions of 33.41%, 53.45%, 60.46%, 65.89%, 66.23%, and 68.2% across the tested C-rates. Xylitol/Myristyl alcohol eutectic PCM demonstrated strong potential for enhancing thermal stability and effective battery thermal management under high load conditions.

电动汽车日益增长的能源需求加速了对锂离子电池的依赖，主要是因为锂离子电池具有优越的能量密度和低自放电特性。然而，这些电池在运行过程中会产生相当大的热量，这可能会影响它们的长期性能和安全性。这凸显了整合高效电池热管理系统（BTMS）的必要性。近年来，基于相变材料（PCM）的策略已经获得了解决这些挑战的重要研究兴趣。本研究以木糖醇和肉豆醇为原料制备了二元共晶PCM，并利用DSC、TGA、FTIR、XRD、腐蚀研究、加速热循环和导热分析（C-Therm）对其热物理行为进行了全面表征。构建了一个12芯3S4P排列的锂离子电池模块，实验研究了其在不同放电倍率下自然对流冷却和PCM冷却的热响应。结果表明：与自然对流冷却相比，在0.5C、1C、1.5C、2C、2.5C和3C的放电速率下，PCM的加入使组件最高温度分别降低了4.23%、12.18%、17.89%、23.61%、25.82%和31.7%。重要的是，PCM将电池温度保持在推荐的安全范围内，最高可达2C，并且即使在3C时也成功地将峰值温度限制在41℃以下。此外，温度均匀性得到了显著改善，在不同的c -速率下，温度梯度最大降低了33.41%、53.45%、60.46%、65.89%、66.23%和68.2%。木糖醇/肉豆蔻醇共晶PCM显示出在高负载条件下提高电池热稳定性和有效热管理的强大潜力。

{"title":"Experimental investigation of polyol based eutectic phase change material for thermal management in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"A.M. Fathimathul Faseena , Gururaj Govindaraja , A. Sreekumar","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing energy demand in electric vehicles has accelerated the reliance on lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to their superior energy density and low self-discharge characteristics. Nevertheless, these batteries generate considerable heat during operation, which can compromise their long-term performance and safety. This highlights the necessity of incorporating efficient battery thermal management systems (BTMS). In recent years, phase change material (PCM)-based strategies have gained significant research interest for addressing these challenges. In this study, a binary eutectic PCM formulated from xylitol and myristyl alcohol was developed, and its thermophysical behavior was comprehensively characterized using DSC, TGA, FTIR, XRD, corrosion studies, accelerated thermal cycling, and thermal conductivity analysis (C-Therm). A 12-cell lithium-ion battery module configured in 3S4P arrangement was constructed to experimentally investigate its thermal response under different discharge C-rates with natural convection cooling and PCM cooling. The results revealed that PCM incorporation reduced the maximum module temperature by 4.23%, 12.18%, 17.89%, 23.61%, 25.82%, and 31.7% at discharge rates of 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, and 3C, respectively, compared to natural convection cooling. Importantly, the PCM maintained cell temperatures within the recommended safety range up to 2C and successfully limited the peak temperature to below 41°<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> even at 3C. Furthermore, significant improvements in temperature uniformity were achieved, with maximum thermal gradient reductions of 33.41%, 53.45%, 60.46%, 65.89%, 66.23%, and 68.2% across the tested C-rates. Xylitol/Myristyl alcohol eutectic PCM demonstrated strong potential for enhancing thermal stability and effective battery thermal management under high load conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 121005"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0