Fidanka Vasileva, Raquel Font-Lladó, Gemma Carreras-Badosa, Víctor López-Ros, Anna Ferrusola-Pastrana, Abel López-Bermejo, Anna Prats-Puig
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity, which underlie the processes of learning and memory formation. Acute exercise and exercise training increase BDNF concentration. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-month integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on salivary BDNF concentration and the mastery of fundamental motor skills in school-aged children. An additional goal was to explore the associations between potential changes in BDNF and fundamental motor skills. Sixty-seven primary school-aged children were randomly allocated to control (N = 32; 7.52 ± 0.31 y) or INT groups (N = 35; 7.56 ± 0.29 y). A 3-month INT was applied during the warm-up of physical education (PE) classes, twice weekly. Salivary BDNF was measured using a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the mastery of fundamental motor skills was assessed using the CAMSA test, at baseline and after 3 months. The children in the INT group, as compared to the children in the control group, exhibited higher salivary BDNF (F = 8.865; p = 0.004), higher scores for sidestep (F = 13.240, p = 0.001), 1-foot hop (F = 11.684, p = 0.001), kick (F = 4.010, p = 0.050), the sum of locomotor skills (F = 18.799, p < 0.0001), and the sum of control and manipulative skills (F = 8.151, p = 0.006), as well as the total sum of fundamental motor skills (F = 11.266, p = 0.001) after the 3 months. Interestingly, the increase in salivary BDNF concentration after the 3-month INT was associated with an improvement in locomotor skills (beta = 0.385; p = 0.039; adjusted R2 = 0.088) and the total improvement in fundamental motor skills (beta = 0.428; p = 0.020; adjusted R2 = 0.124). A school-based 3-month INT increased salivary BDNF and improved the mastery of fundamental motor skills in children, highlighting the positive impact of this intervention for a pediatric population.
{"title":"Increased Salivary BDNF and Improved Fundamental Motor Skills in Children Following a 3-Month Integrated Neuromuscular Training in Primary School.","authors":"Fidanka Vasileva, Raquel Font-Lladó, Gemma Carreras-Badosa, Víctor López-Ros, Anna Ferrusola-Pastrana, Abel López-Bermejo, Anna Prats-Puig","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030154","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity, which underlie the processes of learning and memory formation. Acute exercise and exercise training increase BDNF concentration. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-month integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on salivary BDNF concentration and the mastery of fundamental motor skills in school-aged children. An additional goal was to explore the associations between potential changes in BDNF and fundamental motor skills. Sixty-seven primary school-aged children were randomly allocated to control (N = 32; 7.52 ± 0.31 y) or INT groups (N = 35; 7.56 ± 0.29 y). A 3-month INT was applied during the warm-up of physical education (PE) classes, twice weekly. Salivary BDNF was measured using a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the mastery of fundamental motor skills was assessed using the CAMSA test, at baseline and after 3 months. The children in the INT group, as compared to the children in the control group, exhibited higher salivary BDNF (F = 8.865; <i>p</i> = 0.004), higher scores for sidestep (F = 13.240, <i>p</i> = 0.001), 1-foot hop (F = 11.684, <i>p</i> = 0.001), kick (F = 4.010, <i>p</i> = 0.050), the sum of locomotor skills (F = 18.799, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and the sum of control and manipulative skills (F = 8.151, <i>p</i> = 0.006), as well as the total sum of fundamental motor skills (F = 11.266, <i>p</i> = 0.001) after the 3 months. Interestingly, the increase in salivary BDNF concentration after the 3-month INT was associated with an improvement in locomotor skills (beta = 0.385; <i>p</i> = 0.039; adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.088) and the total improvement in fundamental motor skills (beta = 0.428; <i>p</i> = 0.020; adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.124). A school-based 3-month INT increased salivary BDNF and improved the mastery of fundamental motor skills in children, highlighting the positive impact of this intervention for a pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filipa Cardoso, Ricardo Cardoso, Pedro Fonseca, Manoel Rios, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, João C Pinho, David B Pyne, Ricardo J Fernandes
We investigated the acute biophysical responses of changing the mandibular position during a rowing incremental protocol. A World-class 37-year-old male rower performed two 7 × 3 min ergometer rowing trials, once with no intraoral splint (control) and the other with a mandibular forward repositioning splint (splint condition). Ventilatory, kinematics and body electromyography were evaluated and compared between trials (paired samples t-test, p ≤ 0.05). Under the splint condition, oxygen uptake was lower, particularly at higher exercise intensities (67.3 ± 2.3 vs. 70.9 ± 1.5 mL·kg-1·min-1), and ventilation increased during specific rowing protocol steps (1st-4th and 6th). Wearing the splint condition led to changes in rowing technique, including a slower rowing frequency ([18-30] vs. [19-32] cycles·min-1) and a longer propulsive movement ([1.58-1.52] vs. [1.56-1.50] m) than the control condition. The splint condition also had a faster propulsive phase and a prolonged recovery period than the control condition. The splint reduced peak and mean upper body muscle activation, contrasting with an increase in lower body muscle activity, and generated an energetic benefit by reducing exercise cost and increasing rowing economy compared to the control condition. Changing the mandibular position benefited a World-class rower, supporting the potential of wearing an intraoral splint in high-level sports, particularly in rowing.
我们研究了在划船增量方案中改变下颌位置的急性生物物理反应。一名 37 岁的世界级男子赛艇运动员进行了两次 7 × 3 分钟的测力计赛艇试验,一次是不使用口内夹板(对照组),另一次是使用下颌前移夹板(夹板条件)。对呼吸、运动学和身体肌电图进行了评估,并对不同试验进行了比较(配对样本 t 检验,p ≤ 0.05)。在夹板条件下,摄氧量较低,尤其是在运动强度较高时(67.3 ± 2.3 vs. 70.9 ± 1.5 mL-kg-1-min-1),而在特定的划船步骤(第1-4步和第6步)中,通气量增加。与对照组相比,佩戴夹板条件下的划船技术发生了变化,包括划船频率变慢([18-30] 次/分钟-1 vs. [19-32] 次/分钟-1)和推进运动时间变长([1.58-1.52] 米 vs. [1.56-1.50] 米)。与对照组相比,夹板组的推进阶段更快,恢复期更长。与对照组相比,夹板降低了上半身肌肉活动的峰值和平均值,而下半身肌肉活动则有所增加。下颌位置的改变使一名世界级赛艇运动员受益匪浅,这支持了在高水平运动(尤其是赛艇运动)中佩戴口内夹板的潜力。
{"title":"Changing the Mandibular Position in Rowing: A Brief Report of a World-Class Rower.","authors":"Filipa Cardoso, Ricardo Cardoso, Pedro Fonseca, Manoel Rios, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, João C Pinho, David B Pyne, Ricardo J Fernandes","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030153","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the acute biophysical responses of changing the mandibular position during a rowing incremental protocol. A World-class 37-year-old male rower performed two 7 × 3 min ergometer rowing trials, once with no intraoral splint (control) and the other with a mandibular forward repositioning splint (splint condition). Ventilatory, kinematics and body electromyography were evaluated and compared between trials (paired samples <i>t</i>-test, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Under the splint condition, oxygen uptake was lower, particularly at higher exercise intensities (67.3 ± 2.3 vs. 70.9 ± 1.5 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>), and ventilation increased during specific rowing protocol steps (1st-4th and 6th). Wearing the splint condition led to changes in rowing technique, including a slower rowing frequency ([18-30] vs. [19-32] cycles·min<sup>-1</sup>) and a longer propulsive movement ([1.58-1.52] vs. [1.56-1.50] m) than the control condition. The splint condition also had a faster propulsive phase and a prolonged recovery period than the control condition. The splint reduced peak and mean upper body muscle activation, contrasting with an increase in lower body muscle activity, and generated an energetic benefit by reducing exercise cost and increasing rowing economy compared to the control condition. Changing the mandibular position benefited a World-class rower, supporting the potential of wearing an intraoral splint in high-level sports, particularly in rowing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Motevalli, Clemens Drenowatz, Derrick R Tanous, Gerold Wirnitzer, Werner Kirschner, Gerhard Ruedl, Katharina C Wirnitzer
Various socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors have been reported to be associated with physical activity (PA) habits. However, there exist insufficient data comparing different forms of engagement in PA, sports, and exercise. This study aimed to investigate potential factors associated with the engagement in leisure-time PA (LPA) and club sports (CSs) in a large sample of college/university students. This Austria-wide study followed a cross-sectional design with a final sample of 4508 participants (mean age: 24.9 years; 65.9% female) from 52 Austrian colleges/universities. A standardized survey was used to collect data on demographics, anthropometric characteristics, and a wide range of health-related lifestyle factors, including patterns of PA and underlying motivations for PA engagement as well as details of dietary habits, sleep routines, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, logistic regression, and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. Across the entire sample, 85.7% of participants reported regular participation in LPA, including 22.5% who were active members of sports clubs. Of the 36 potential motives listed in the questionnaire, "maintaining physical health", "feeling good", and "refreshing the mind" were the most commonly reported factors motivating students to engage in either LPA or CSs. Ten socio-demographic, dietary, or lifestyle factors were identified as predictors of CSs participation (p < 0.01), whereas only two variables (specifically sleep-related factors) were identified as predictors of LPA participation (p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of considering the type of PA and sport participation and the associated determinants when designing tailored strategies to promote an active lifestyle.
{"title":"Determinants of Engagement in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Club Sports among University Students: A Large-Scale Study.","authors":"Mohamad Motevalli, Clemens Drenowatz, Derrick R Tanous, Gerold Wirnitzer, Werner Kirschner, Gerhard Ruedl, Katharina C Wirnitzer","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030151","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors have been reported to be associated with physical activity (PA) habits. However, there exist insufficient data comparing different forms of engagement in PA, sports, and exercise. This study aimed to investigate potential factors associated with the engagement in leisure-time PA (LPA) and club sports (CSs) in a large sample of college/university students. This Austria-wide study followed a cross-sectional design with a final sample of 4508 participants (mean age: 24.9 years; 65.9% female) from 52 Austrian colleges/universities. A standardized survey was used to collect data on demographics, anthropometric characteristics, and a wide range of health-related lifestyle factors, including patterns of PA and underlying motivations for PA engagement as well as details of dietary habits, sleep routines, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, logistic regression, and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. Across the entire sample, 85.7% of participants reported regular participation in LPA, including 22.5% who were active members of sports clubs. Of the 36 potential motives listed in the questionnaire, \"maintaining physical health\", \"feeling good\", and \"refreshing the mind\" were the most commonly reported factors motivating students to engage in either LPA or CSs. Ten socio-demographic, dietary, or lifestyle factors were identified as predictors of CSs participation (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas only two variables (specifically sleep-related factors) were identified as predictors of LPA participation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of considering the type of PA and sport participation and the associated determinants when designing tailored strategies to promote an active lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dolores G Ortega, Robert W Smith, Jocelyn E Arnett, Tyler J Neltner, Trevor D Roberts, Richard J Schmidt, Terry J Housh
This study examined the effects of sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to ratings of perceived exertion of 2 (RPE2FT) and 8 (RPE8FT) on the patterns of fatigue-induced changes in torque and neuromuscular responses, time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability (% decline in maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), and perceived factors that contributed to task termination. Twelve men (mean ± SD: age = 20.9 ± 2.2 yrs) performed MVICs before and after the tasks and completed post-test questionnaires (PTQ). Data were analyzed using polynomial regression analyses, dependent t-tests, Spearman's rank order correlations, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The RPE8FT had greater (p < 0.001) performance fatigability than the RPE2FT, despite no difference (p > 0.05) in TTF. During both tasks, there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) composite linear decreases for torque, electromyographic amplitude, and neuromuscular efficiency, and substantial individual variability in the neuromuscular responses. There were no significant (p > 0.05) associations among the perceived factors and TTF or performance fatigability. Thus, there were RPE-specific differences in performance fatigability, but not TTF or the composite patterns of changes in torque and neuromuscular responses. In addition, in most cases, the individual neuromuscular, but not torque, patterns of responses were RPE-specific. Furthermore, the perceived factors assessed by the PTQ were not related to TTF or performance fatigability.
{"title":"Perceived Factors That Contributed to Task Termination during Fatiguing Tasks Anchored to Perceptual Intensities.","authors":"Dolores G Ortega, Robert W Smith, Jocelyn E Arnett, Tyler J Neltner, Trevor D Roberts, Richard J Schmidt, Terry J Housh","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030152","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to ratings of perceived exertion of 2 (RPE2<sub>FT</sub>) and 8 (RPE8<sub>FT</sub>) on the patterns of fatigue-induced changes in torque and neuromuscular responses, time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability (% decline in maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), and perceived factors that contributed to task termination. Twelve men (mean ± SD: age = 20.9 ± 2.2 yrs) performed MVICs before and after the tasks and completed post-test questionnaires (PTQ). Data were analyzed using polynomial regression analyses, dependent <i>t</i>-tests, Spearman's rank order correlations, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The RPE8<sub>FT</sub> had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.001) performance fatigability than the RPE2<sub>FT</sub>, despite no difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in TTF. During both tasks, there were significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) composite linear decreases for torque, electromyographic amplitude, and neuromuscular efficiency, and substantial individual variability in the neuromuscular responses. There were no significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) associations among the perceived factors and TTF or performance fatigability. Thus, there were RPE-specific differences in performance fatigability, but not TTF or the composite patterns of changes in torque and neuromuscular responses. In addition, in most cases, the individual neuromuscular, but not torque, patterns of responses were RPE-specific. Furthermore, the perceived factors assessed by the PTQ were not related to TTF or performance fatigability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akira Kinoda, Aleksandra Mącznik, Takeshi Kimura, Yuki Muramoto, Yoshinori Katsumata, Kazuki Sato
Despite its rich history and widespread participation, the research surrounding injuries and illness in judo remains relatively limited compared to other sports. The primary aim of this research was to investigate injuries and illness within a previous year in Japanese collegiate judo athletes and analyze possible factors associated with these. This was a cross-sectional observational study using a web-based survey to collect data on the 1-year prevalence of injuries and illness. This study involved 564 judo athletes (67% males), aged between 18 and 25 years. Of these, 344 athletes (61%) reported one or more injuries within the previous year, and 49 reported illness (9%). The more judo experiences the athlete acquired, the less likely they were to sustain an injury (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.56-1.10; p-value < 0.05) or illness (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.81-1.00; p-value < 0.05). Support of an athletic trainer was associated with 1.7 times increased odds of sustaining an injury (95% CI: 1.19-2.49; p-value < 0.05). Athletes with obese BMI status (BMI > 30) had 3.1 times higher odds of becoming ill (95% CI: 1.41-6.95; p-value = 0.005), and athletes training more than 5 days per week had the odds of becoming ill increased by 5.1 times (95% CI: 1.11-23.21; p-value = 0.036). Judokas with fewer years of experience and with obese status should be targeted in efforts to prevent injury and illness. Moreover, the support of an athletic trainer and the impact of weekly training days should be targeted in research efforts.
{"title":"1-Year Prevalence and Factors Related to Injuries and Illnesses in Japanese Judo Collegiate Athletes.","authors":"Akira Kinoda, Aleksandra Mącznik, Takeshi Kimura, Yuki Muramoto, Yoshinori Katsumata, Kazuki Sato","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030148","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its rich history and widespread participation, the research surrounding injuries and illness in judo remains relatively limited compared to other sports. The primary aim of this research was to investigate injuries and illness within a previous year in Japanese collegiate judo athletes and analyze possible factors associated with these. This was a cross-sectional observational study using a web-based survey to collect data on the 1-year prevalence of injuries and illness. This study involved 564 judo athletes (67% males), aged between 18 and 25 years. Of these, 344 athletes (61%) reported one or more injuries within the previous year, and 49 reported illness (9%). The more judo experiences the athlete acquired, the less likely they were to sustain an injury (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.56-1.10; <i>p</i>-value < 0.05) or illness (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.81-1.00; <i>p</i>-value < 0.05). Support of an athletic trainer was associated with 1.7 times increased odds of sustaining an injury (95% CI: 1.19-2.49; <i>p</i>-value < 0.05). Athletes with obese BMI status (BMI > 30) had 3.1 times higher odds of becoming ill (95% CI: 1.41-6.95; <i>p</i>-value = 0.005), and athletes training more than 5 days per week had the odds of becoming ill increased by 5.1 times (95% CI: 1.11-23.21; <i>p</i>-value = 0.036). Judokas with fewer years of experience and with obese status should be targeted in efforts to prevent injury and illness. Moreover, the support of an athletic trainer and the impact of weekly training days should be targeted in research efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Marcelli, Fioretta Silvestri, Gianluca Di Pinto, Maria Chiara Gallotta, Davide Curzi
To investigate how contextual or environmental factors may influence the athletic performance of female soccer players during competitions, this study aimed to assess the impact of match-related variables (playing surface; opponent levels; opponent result trends; match status, and match outcomes) on the athletic performance of professional female soccer athletes. Seventeen athletes (25.5 ± 4.3 years of age) from the same team competing in the Italian second division were divided into two groups according to their roles and athletic characteristics: Group A (central defenders and forwards) and Group B (right/left full-backs and midfielders). Total distance (TD) and sprint distance (SD); high-speed running (HSR), acceleration (ACC), and deceleration numbers (DEC); average and maximal heart rate (HR_avg; HR_max); and match-related factors were collected during the 22 regular season matches. A T-test and ANOVA were used to calculate the differences between groups in GPS and HR variables and the effects of match-related factors, respectively. Results showed higher running performance in the B group compared to the A group during matches. Increased ACC number was seen in matches played on artificial turf; winning was associated with decreased HR_max and increased DEC number. Athletes covered higher TD reaching lower HR_max when playing against lower-ranking opponents while matches lost/drawn resulted in higher HSR. High HRs (max and avg) were found when playing against a team with a positive performance trend. In summary, match-related factors and opponents' characteristics can affect athletic performance in female soccer athletes. These factors should be considered during in-seasonal training to personalize match preparation and optimize athlete performance.
为了研究背景或环境因素如何影响女足运动员在比赛中的运动表现,本研究旨在评估比赛相关变量(比赛场地、对手水平、对手成绩趋势、比赛状态和比赛结果)对职业女足运动员运动表现的影响。来自意大利乙级联赛同一支球队的 17 名运动员(25.5 ± 4.3 岁)根据其角色和运动特征被分为两组:A组(中后卫和前锋)和B组(右/左后卫和中场)。在 22 场常规赛中收集了总距离(TD)和冲刺距离(SD);高速跑(HSR)、加速度(ACC)和减速数(DEC);平均和最大心率(HR_avg;HR_max);以及比赛相关因素。采用 T 检验和方差分析分别计算各组在 GPS 和心率变量方面的差异以及比赛相关因素的影响。结果显示,与 A 组相比,B 组在比赛中的跑步成绩更高。在人工草皮上进行的比赛中,ACC 数量增加;获胜与最大心率降低和 DEC 数量增加有关。在与排名较低的对手比赛时,运动员的 TD 值较高,HR_max 值较低,而输球/平局则导致 HSR 值较高。当与表现趋势积极的球队比赛时,运动员的心率(最大值和平均值)较高。总之,与比赛相关的因素和对手的特点会影响女子足球运动员的运动表现。在赛季内的训练中应考虑这些因素,以便进行个性化的比赛准备并优化运动员的表现。
{"title":"How Match-Related Variables Influence the Physical Demands of Professional Female Soccer Players during the Regular Season.","authors":"Lorenzo Marcelli, Fioretta Silvestri, Gianluca Di Pinto, Maria Chiara Gallotta, Davide Curzi","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030149","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate how contextual or environmental factors may influence the athletic performance of female soccer players during competitions, this study aimed to assess the impact of match-related variables (playing surface; opponent levels; opponent result trends; match status, and match outcomes) on the athletic performance of professional female soccer athletes. Seventeen athletes (25.5 ± 4.3 years of age) from the same team competing in the Italian second division were divided into two groups according to their roles and athletic characteristics: Group A (central defenders and forwards) and Group B (right/left full-backs and midfielders). Total distance (TD) and sprint distance (SD); high-speed running (HSR), acceleration (ACC), and deceleration numbers (DEC); average and maximal heart rate (HR_avg; HR_max); and match-related factors were collected during the 22 regular season matches. A <i>T</i>-test and ANOVA were used to calculate the differences between groups in GPS and HR variables and the effects of match-related factors, respectively. Results showed higher running performance in the B group compared to the A group during matches. Increased ACC number was seen in matches played on artificial turf; winning was associated with decreased HR_max and increased DEC number. Athletes covered higher TD reaching lower HR_max when playing against lower-ranking opponents while matches lost/drawn resulted in higher HSR. High HRs (max and avg) were found when playing against a team with a positive performance trend. In summary, match-related factors and opponents' characteristics can affect athletic performance in female soccer athletes. These factors should be considered during in-seasonal training to personalize match preparation and optimize athlete performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Manuel Franco-García, Ángel Denche-Zamorano, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Cristina Mendoza-Holgado, Jorge Pérez-Gómez
Subjective cognitive impairment in older persons has a substantial influence on their quality of life and can progress to serious illnesses such as dementia. Physical activity level can help prevent cognitive decline and improve cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between frequency of physical activity and subjective cognitive impairment in Spanish adults aged 65 and over, and to identify different risk factors. Using data from the EHSS20 survey, the study focused on 7082 participants who provided information on cognitive impairment and physical activity. Key predictor variables included age, gender, BMI, marital status, and education level. A significant relationship was found between BMI category and gender, with 66.5% of the population being overweight or obese. Men were more likely to be overweight than women. Socio-demographic factors such as educational level, marital status, and physical activity frequency showed dependent associations with sex. Women had a higher prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment than men. A strong association was found between frequency of physical activity and subjective cognitive impairment, with inactive older people having the highest prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment. Older women who engage in little physical exercise and have less education are at risk for subjective cognitive impairment. Furthermore, for both men and women, being overweight was associated with a more reduced risk than obesity. Significant relationships were also discovered between subjective cognitive impairment, frequency of physical exercise, gender, BMI, and degree of education. In conclusion, older, sedentary women with high BMI and less education are more likely to experience subjective cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity: Investigating Risk Factors and Correlations among Older Adults in Spain.","authors":"Juan Manuel Franco-García, Ángel Denche-Zamorano, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Cristina Mendoza-Holgado, Jorge Pérez-Gómez","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030150","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective cognitive impairment in older persons has a substantial influence on their quality of life and can progress to serious illnesses such as dementia. Physical activity level can help prevent cognitive decline and improve cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between frequency of physical activity and subjective cognitive impairment in Spanish adults aged 65 and over, and to identify different risk factors. Using data from the EHSS20 survey, the study focused on 7082 participants who provided information on cognitive impairment and physical activity. Key predictor variables included age, gender, BMI, marital status, and education level. A significant relationship was found between BMI category and gender, with 66.5% of the population being overweight or obese. Men were more likely to be overweight than women. Socio-demographic factors such as educational level, marital status, and physical activity frequency showed dependent associations with sex. Women had a higher prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment than men. A strong association was found between frequency of physical activity and subjective cognitive impairment, with inactive older people having the highest prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment. Older women who engage in little physical exercise and have less education are at risk for subjective cognitive impairment. Furthermore, for both men and women, being overweight was associated with a more reduced risk than obesity. Significant relationships were also discovered between subjective cognitive impairment, frequency of physical exercise, gender, BMI, and degree of education. In conclusion, older, sedentary women with high BMI and less education are more likely to experience subjective cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Mancini, Marilena Di Padova, Rita Polito, Siria Mancini, Anna Dipace, Angelo Basta, Dario Colella, Pierpaolo Limone, Giovanni Messina, Marcellino Monda, Antonietta Monda, Mariasole Antonietta Guerriero, Antonietta Messina, Fiorenzo Moscatelli
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a training program utilizing action perception technology (PAD) tools on improving the motor reaction times and neuromuscular capabilities of the upper and lower limbs compared to a traditional training program. Twenty-four female volleyball players competing in the Italian national championship were randomized into two groups of 12 athletes each: an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). A preliminary analysis confirmed the absence of significant differences in age and anthropometric characteristics between the groups. All the players underwent an initial battery of tests (pre-test), including Reaction Time simple Upper and Lower Limb (RTsUL and RTsLL) and Tapping Upper and Lower Limb (TUL and TLL). During a 6-week training program, the experimental group used exercises with a technological system of illuminated disks, while the control group followed the traditional training methods without advanced technology. At the end of the program, both groups were subjected to final tests (post-test). The main results show that after 6 weeks, both groups improved their performance compared to the initial tests. However, EG achieved significantly better results than CG in every test, with significant reductions in average times (ip%) of -14.9% in RTsUL (DX = -0.072 s, t = 23.2, p < 0.05, d = 6.7), -14.9% in RTsLL (DX = -0.091 s, t = 44.0, p < 0.05, d = 12.7), -10.6% in TUL (DX = -0.622 s, t = 42.0, p < 0.05, d = 12.1), and -10.7% in TLL (DX = -0.983 s, t = 43.1, p < 0.05, d = 12.4). The use of light-based perception-action technology devices in volleyball training has shown potential for significantly improving movement speed and reaction time. However, further research is needed to determine whether these improvements actually translate into enhanced overall performance in competitive contexts compared to the traditional training methods.
{"title":"The Impact of Perception-Action Training Devices on Quickness and Reaction Time in Female Volleyball Players.","authors":"Nicola Mancini, Marilena Di Padova, Rita Polito, Siria Mancini, Anna Dipace, Angelo Basta, Dario Colella, Pierpaolo Limone, Giovanni Messina, Marcellino Monda, Antonietta Monda, Mariasole Antonietta Guerriero, Antonietta Messina, Fiorenzo Moscatelli","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030147","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a training program utilizing action perception technology (PAD) tools on improving the motor reaction times and neuromuscular capabilities of the upper and lower limbs compared to a traditional training program. Twenty-four female volleyball players competing in the Italian national championship were randomized into two groups of 12 athletes each: an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). A preliminary analysis confirmed the absence of significant differences in age and anthropometric characteristics between the groups. All the players underwent an initial battery of tests (pre-test), including Reaction Time simple Upper and Lower Limb (RTsUL and RTsLL) and Tapping Upper and Lower Limb (TUL and TLL). During a 6-week training program, the experimental group used exercises with a technological system of illuminated disks, while the control group followed the traditional training methods without advanced technology. At the end of the program, both groups were subjected to final tests (post-test). The main results show that after 6 weeks, both groups improved their performance compared to the initial tests. However, EG achieved significantly better results than CG in every test, with significant reductions in average times (ip%) of -14.9% in RTsUL (DX = -0.072 s, t = 23.2, <i>p</i> < 0.05, d = 6.7), -14.9% in RTsLL (DX = -0.091 s, t = 44.0, <i>p</i> < 0.05, d = 12.7), -10.6% in TUL (DX = -0.622 s, t = 42.0, <i>p</i> < 0.05, d = 12.1), and -10.7% in TLL (DX = -0.983 s, t = 43.1, <i>p</i> < 0.05, d = 12.4). The use of light-based perception-action technology devices in volleyball training has shown potential for significantly improving movement speed and reaction time. However, further research is needed to determine whether these improvements actually translate into enhanced overall performance in competitive contexts compared to the traditional training methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Frizziero, Nicola Maffulli, Chiara Saglietti, Eugenio Sarti, Davide Bigliardi, Cosimo Costantino, Andrea Demeco
Hand tendinopathies represent a pathological condition associated with significant disability. However, due to this high heterogeneity of the treatments and their efficacy, there is still a lack of consensus on the infiltrative therapy of the hand. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of injection techniques in the treatment of pain related to the main hand tendinopathies. We searched online medical databases (PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and WoS). Only RCTs published in the last 10 years (up to 5 August 2024), written in English, and related to infiltrative treatment in wrist and hand tendinopathies were evaluated. The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed with Version 2 of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Out of 641 articles identified, 23 were included in the final synthesis: 14 RCTs on trigger finger, and 9 RCTs on de Quervain's tenosynovitis. The present systematic review showed that infiltrative therapy of trigger finger and de Quervain's tenosynovitis constitutes a fundamental element in the treatment of these pathological conditions, in terms of pain reduction and improvement in the functionality of the hand.
{"title":"A Practical Guide to Injection Therapy in Hand Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Antonio Frizziero, Nicola Maffulli, Chiara Saglietti, Eugenio Sarti, Davide Bigliardi, Cosimo Costantino, Andrea Demeco","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030146","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hand tendinopathies represent a pathological condition associated with significant disability. However, due to this high heterogeneity of the treatments and their efficacy, there is still a lack of consensus on the infiltrative therapy of the hand. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of injection techniques in the treatment of pain related to the main hand tendinopathies. We searched online medical databases (PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and WoS). Only RCTs published in the last 10 years (up to 5 August 2024), written in English, and related to infiltrative treatment in wrist and hand tendinopathies were evaluated. The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed with Version 2 of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Out of 641 articles identified, 23 were included in the final synthesis: 14 RCTs on trigger finger, and 9 RCTs on de Quervain's tenosynovitis. The present systematic review showed that infiltrative therapy of trigger finger and de Quervain's tenosynovitis constitutes a fundamental element in the treatment of these pathological conditions, in terms of pain reduction and improvement in the functionality of the hand.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan Robalino, Lucieli Teresa Cambri, André Cavalcante, Emerson Franchini, Bruno Mezêncio, Jacielle Carolina Ferreira
Karate athletes strategically use lower-limb techniques in combat, with the roundhouse kick (mawashi geri) being highly effective in kumite. To quickly improve the technical performance before training or competitions, conditioning activities (CAs) are often utilized. Recently, Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) has emerged as a potential conditioning activity (CA). This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WBV as a CA on the performance of the mawashi geri. The sample included sixteen male karate athletes. The study had a familiarization and two experimental sessions: one with WBV and the other without (NWBV), conducted randomly and counterbalanced, each preceded and followed by a mawashi geri assessment on a force platform. During the CA intervention, the participants performed four sets of isometric half-squats on a vibration platform at a frequency of 26 Hz and an amplitude of 4 mm in the WBV condition, while the platform was off in the NWBV condition. A significant reduction in the mawashi geri attack phase time was observed under the WBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.03 s; post: 0.30 ± 0.03 s] compared to the NWBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.04 s; post: 0.32 ± 0.03 s] (p = 0.02). However, no differences were noted regarding the impact force or other kinetic variables between the conditions. Therefore, WBV did not increase the performance of the kinetic and kinematic variables of the mawashi geri in karate athletes, but it is possible that there is a positive effect on attack time, suggesting that further studies with different vibration protocol configurations would be beneficial.
空手道运动员在实战中战略性地使用下肢技术,其中回旋踢(mawashi geri)在搏击比赛中非常有效。为了在训练或比赛前迅速提高技术表现,通常会采用调节活动(CA)。最近,全身振动(WBV)已成为一种潜在的调节活动(CA)。本研究旨在分析 WBV 作为一种 CA 对 mawashi geri 性能的急性影响。样本包括 16 名男性空手道运动员。研究包括一个熟悉环节和两个实验环节:一个是有 WBV 的环节,另一个是没有 WBV 的环节(NWBV),这两个环节都是随机和平衡进行的,每个环节之前和之后都在力平台上进行了 mawashi geri 评估。在 CA 干预期间,WBV 条件下,参与者在振动平台上做四组频率为 26 赫兹、振幅为 4 毫米的等长半蹲动作,而在 NWBV 条件下,振动平台处于关闭状态。与 NWBV 条件[前:0.31 ± 0.04 秒;后:0.32 ± 0.03 秒]相比,在 WBV 条件下观察到 mawashi geri 攻击阶段时间明显缩短[前:0.31 ± 0.03 秒;后:0.30 ± 0.03 秒](p = 0.02)。然而,冲击力或其他运动变量在不同条件下没有差异。因此,WBV 并未提高空手道运动员的马桥格力运动和运动变量的表现,但有可能对攻击时间产生积极影响,这表明采用不同振动方案配置进行进一步研究将是有益的。
{"title":"Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) as a Conditioning Activity for Roundhouse Kick (<i>mawashi geri</i>) Performance in Karate.","authors":"Johan Robalino, Lucieli Teresa Cambri, André Cavalcante, Emerson Franchini, Bruno Mezêncio, Jacielle Carolina Ferreira","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9030145","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk9030145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Karate athletes strategically use lower-limb techniques in combat, with the roundhouse kick (<i>mawashi geri</i>) being highly effective in kumite. To quickly improve the technical performance before training or competitions, conditioning activities (CAs) are often utilized. Recently, Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) has emerged as a potential conditioning activity (CA). This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WBV as a CA on the performance of the <i>mawashi geri</i>. The sample included sixteen male karate athletes. The study had a familiarization and two experimental sessions: one with WBV and the other without (NWBV), conducted randomly and counterbalanced, each preceded and followed by a <i>mawashi geri</i> assessment on a force platform. During the CA intervention, the participants performed four sets of isometric half-squats on a vibration platform at a frequency of 26 Hz and an amplitude of 4 mm in the WBV condition, while the platform was off in the NWBV condition. A significant reduction in the <i>mawashi geri</i> attack phase time was observed under the WBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.03 s; post: 0.30 ± 0.03 s] compared to the NWBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.04 s; post: 0.32 ± 0.03 s] (<i>p</i> = 0.02). However, no differences were noted regarding the impact force or other kinetic variables between the conditions. Therefore, WBV did not increase the performance of the kinetic and kinematic variables of the <i>mawashi geri</i> in karate athletes, but it is possible that there is a positive effect on attack time, suggesting that further studies with different vibration protocol configurations would be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}