Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241232044
Weijie Xian, Soobum Lee
Motivated to run a self-powering monitoring sensor on a wind turbine blade, this paper proposes a pendulum based frequency-up converter that effectively captures a low-speed mechanical rotation into high-frequency vibration of a piezoelectric cantilever beam. A system of governing equations for the proposed concept is developed to describe the motion of the pendulum, the vibration of the beam, and the voltage output of the harvester. Design optimization is performed to improve the power generation performance, and the simulation results are verified experimentally. We demonstrate the improved power density from the proposed concept compared to the disk driven frequency-up converters.
{"title":"A pendulum based frequency-up conversion mechanism for vibrational energy harvesting in low-speed rotary structures","authors":"Weijie Xian, Soobum Lee","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241232044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241232044","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated to run a self-powering monitoring sensor on a wind turbine blade, this paper proposes a pendulum based frequency-up converter that effectively captures a low-speed mechanical rotation into high-frequency vibration of a piezoelectric cantilever beam. A system of governing equations for the proposed concept is developed to describe the motion of the pendulum, the vibration of the beam, and the voltage output of the harvester. Design optimization is performed to improve the power generation performance, and the simulation results are verified experimentally. We demonstrate the improved power density from the proposed concept compared to the disk driven frequency-up converters.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141171591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241239371
M Banu Sundareswari, K Dhanalakshmi, A Vimala Starbino, G Then Mozhi
This study describes the design of a parallel spatial manipulator with four degrees of freedom actuated with shape memory alloy (SMA) wire to validate the use of SMA in complicated mechatronics systems. The manipulator has a closed kinematic structure, which includes a fixed base and a moving square platform (end effector). The four arms of the manipulator are SMA wires fastened between the fixed base and the end effector. SMA wire-based actuators replace bulky conventional revolute actuators. This work spotlights the development of an actuator model, dimensional analysis, and design of cascade control strategies of various PID and sliding mode controller in their integral and fractional order configurations. Experimental evaluation of the actuator is performed through trajectory tracking to quantify the different controller configurations. The experimental results indicate that the parallel manipulator associated with SMA wire actuators is the best alternative to conventional motion stages for highly precise micro-positioning and tracking applications in the fields of 3D printing, intricate surgical operations, the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and flight and gaming simulators.
本研究介绍了利用形状记忆合金（SMA）线材驱动的四自由度平行空间机械手的设计，以验证 SMA 在复杂机电一体化系统中的应用。该机械手采用封闭式运动结构，包括一个固定基座和一个移动方形平台（末端效应器）。机械手的四个臂是固定在固定基座和末端效应器之间的 SMA 线。基于 SMA 线的执行器取代了笨重的传统旋转执行器。本作品重点介绍了致动器模型的开发、尺寸分析以及各种 PID 和滑动模式控制器在积分阶和分数阶配置下的级联控制策略的设计。通过轨迹跟踪对致动器进行了实验评估，以量化不同的控制器配置。实验结果表明，在 3D 打印、复杂的外科手术、医疗和制药行业以及飞行和游戏模拟器等领域的高精度微定位和跟踪应用中，与 SMA 线执行器相关的并联机械手是传统运动平台的最佳替代品。
{"title":"Trajectory tracking control of parallel manipulator actuated with shape memory wire","authors":"M Banu Sundareswari, K Dhanalakshmi, A Vimala Starbino, G Then Mozhi","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241239371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241239371","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the design of a parallel spatial manipulator with four degrees of freedom actuated with shape memory alloy (SMA) wire to validate the use of SMA in complicated mechatronics systems. The manipulator has a closed kinematic structure, which includes a fixed base and a moving square platform (end effector). The four arms of the manipulator are SMA wires fastened between the fixed base and the end effector. SMA wire-based actuators replace bulky conventional revolute actuators. This work spotlights the development of an actuator model, dimensional analysis, and design of cascade control strategies of various PID and sliding mode controller in their integral and fractional order configurations. Experimental evaluation of the actuator is performed through trajectory tracking to quantify the different controller configurations. The experimental results indicate that the parallel manipulator associated with SMA wire actuators is the best alternative to conventional motion stages for highly precise micro-positioning and tracking applications in the fields of 3D printing, intricate surgical operations, the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and flight and gaming simulators.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241246827
Zhigang Wu, Yu Wang, Min Chen, Bingxiao Ding
In this paper, we present a new asymmetrical under-actuated micro-gripper which can perform twisting and gripping operation to the target simultaneously actuated by a single piezoelectric actuator. Two improved hybrid amplification mechanisms were designed integrated with three different flexure hinges to enhance dynamic performances. Kinematics and dynamics models of the micro-gripper including input stiffness, displacement amplification ratio, and natural frequency based on pseudo-rigid-body method and Lagrange’s equations were derived. Proposed models were evaluated by finite element simulation studies. Experimental results shown that our designed micro-gripper possesses good performance in terms of clamping reliability and dynamic response.
{"title":"Design, analysis, and experimental investigations of an asymmetrical under-actuated micro-gripper","authors":"Zhigang Wu, Yu Wang, Min Chen, Bingxiao Ding","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241246827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241246827","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new asymmetrical under-actuated micro-gripper which can perform twisting and gripping operation to the target simultaneously actuated by a single piezoelectric actuator. Two improved hybrid amplification mechanisms were designed integrated with three different flexure hinges to enhance dynamic performances. Kinematics and dynamics models of the micro-gripper including input stiffness, displacement amplification ratio, and natural frequency based on pseudo-rigid-body method and Lagrange’s equations were derived. Proposed models were evaluated by finite element simulation studies. Experimental results shown that our designed micro-gripper possesses good performance in terms of clamping reliability and dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241238781
José HR Rocha, Júlio GF Manuel, Antonio JF Bombard
Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are smart composite materials that, under an external magnetic field, show a reversible solid-liquid transition in less than 10 ms. This study aimed to evaluate which organoclays would jellify a synthetic oil for the formulation of MRF. Three dispersant additives for carbonyl iron powder were evaluated. Fifteen different gelling additives from four clay families, bentonites, hectorites, montmorillonites, and mixed mineral thixotropes (MMT), were dispersed in oil only, keeping the same concentration, without iron particles. The gels were then tested through amplitude and frequency sweeps in oscillatory rheometry to evaluate their viscoelastic behavior. The thixotropy of the gels was measured through the “three-interval” test in a rheometer. After selecting the best gelling additive to prepare the MRF, three dispersing additives had their rheology evaluated to determine the best magnetorheological effect and redispersibility after 1 year of sample preparation. In the linear viscoelastic region, all MMT clays resulted in a weak viscoelastic gel (G′∼100 to 300 Pa and G″∼30 to 50 Pa). Some of the bentonite clays jellified, and others did not. The best organoclays were montmorillonites and hectorites, which formed consistent viscoelastic gels (G′∼1 to 5 kPa and G″∼70 to 250 Pa). The best organoclay presented a yield stress σ0 = (42 ± 3) Pa, a storage modulus G′ = (2690 ± 201) Pa, and a cohesive energy density (CED) = 98 mJ/m3, and it was selected to explore the rheology of MRF with three dispersant additives: octan-1-ol, octan-1-amine, and L-α-Phosphatidylcholine. All the MRFs were prepared using carbonyl iron powder HS (BASF SE) in oil gels and with the same organoclay. All three dispersant additives showed a thixotropic recovery above 100% in the three-interval test. Regarding the redispersibility after 1 year, the MRF formulations with octan-1-amine and lecithin were reproved, as they reached normal force peaks of 19 and 24 N, while the work was 28 and 415 mJ, respectively. The best MRF was formulated with octan-1-ol, and resulted in a normal force of 0.33 N and 3.4 mJ at 35 mm of vane penetration. Therefore, we conclude that the MRF with octan-1-ol and montmorillonite #6 showed a better balance between thixotropy, MR effect, and, above all, good redispersibility.
{"title":"Synthetic oil gels with organoclays in the formulation of magnetorheological fluids","authors":"José HR Rocha, Júlio GF Manuel, Antonio JF Bombard","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241238781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241238781","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are smart composite materials that, under an external magnetic field, show a reversible solid-liquid transition in less than 10 ms. This study aimed to evaluate which organoclays would jellify a synthetic oil for the formulation of MRF. Three dispersant additives for carbonyl iron powder were evaluated. Fifteen different gelling additives from four clay families, bentonites, hectorites, montmorillonites, and mixed mineral thixotropes (MMT), were dispersed in oil only, keeping the same concentration, without iron particles. The gels were then tested through amplitude and frequency sweeps in oscillatory rheometry to evaluate their viscoelastic behavior. The thixotropy of the gels was measured through the “three-interval” test in a rheometer. After selecting the best gelling additive to prepare the MRF, three dispersing additives had their rheology evaluated to determine the best magnetorheological effect and redispersibility after 1 year of sample preparation. In the linear viscoelastic region, all MMT clays resulted in a weak viscoelastic gel (G′∼100 to 300 Pa and G″∼30 to 50 Pa). Some of the bentonite clays jellified, and others did not. The best organoclays were montmorillonites and hectorites, which formed consistent viscoelastic gels (G′∼1 to 5 kPa and G″∼70 to 250 Pa). The best organoclay presented a yield stress σ<jats:sub>0</jats:sub> = (42 ± 3) Pa, a storage modulus G′ = (2690 ± 201) Pa, and a cohesive energy density (CED) = 98 mJ/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, and it was selected to explore the rheology of MRF with three dispersant additives: octan-1-ol, octan-1-amine, and L-α-Phosphatidylcholine. All the MRFs were prepared using carbonyl iron powder HS (BASF SE) in oil gels and with the same organoclay. All three dispersant additives showed a thixotropic recovery above 100% in the three-interval test. Regarding the redispersibility after 1 year, the MRF formulations with octan-1-amine and lecithin were reproved, as they reached normal force peaks of 19 and 24 N, while the work was 28 and 415 mJ, respectively. The best MRF was formulated with octan-1-ol, and resulted in a normal force of 0.33 N and 3.4 mJ at 35 mm of vane penetration. Therefore, we conclude that the MRF with octan-1-ol and montmorillonite #6 showed a better balance between thixotropy, MR effect, and, above all, good redispersibility.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140635993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241240800
Yihong Shi, Annan Huang, Bo Fu
In order to meet the requirements of high frequency, high precision, and micro-scale dispensing in the field of microelectronics packaging, a piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve based on two-stage displacement amplifying mechanism was proposed. First, the overall structure and working principle of the proposed piezoelectric jetting valve were described. The displacement amplifying mechanism was designed, and the mathematical relationship between the output displacement and the structural parameters was established. In addition, the performance and the structural size of the displacement amplifying mechanism were analyzed and optimized by using the finite element analysis software. The influences of driving pressure, glue viscosity, needle displacement, and other parameters on droplet diameter and jetting velocity in the process of dispensing were simulated and analyzed. In order to obtain the optimal nozzle structure, the changing curves of glue flowing velocity with different nozzle seal forms, nozzle cone angles, and outlet inner diameters were compared and analyzed. Finally, the prototype of the piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve was machined, and experimental study was performed. The influence laws of driving pressure, glue viscosity, driving voltage, and other parameters on the diameter of droplet were explored. The performance of the prototype was evaluated from three aspects of dispensing frequency, consistency, and minimum dispensing droplet diameter. Results show that the highest dispensing frequency is 230 Hz, the deviation of dispensing consistency is ±8.77%, and the minimum dispensing droplet diameter is 0.54 mm. The experimental results verify the high frequency, consistency, and micro-scale dispensing performance of the piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve based on the displacement amplifying mechanism, which provides a reference for the research of piezoelectric high-frequency jetting dispensing.
{"title":"Design and performance analysis of a piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve","authors":"Yihong Shi, Annan Huang, Bo Fu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241240800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241240800","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet the requirements of high frequency, high precision, and micro-scale dispensing in the field of microelectronics packaging, a piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve based on two-stage displacement amplifying mechanism was proposed. First, the overall structure and working principle of the proposed piezoelectric jetting valve were described. The displacement amplifying mechanism was designed, and the mathematical relationship between the output displacement and the structural parameters was established. In addition, the performance and the structural size of the displacement amplifying mechanism were analyzed and optimized by using the finite element analysis software. The influences of driving pressure, glue viscosity, needle displacement, and other parameters on droplet diameter and jetting velocity in the process of dispensing were simulated and analyzed. In order to obtain the optimal nozzle structure, the changing curves of glue flowing velocity with different nozzle seal forms, nozzle cone angles, and outlet inner diameters were compared and analyzed. Finally, the prototype of the piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve was machined, and experimental study was performed. The influence laws of driving pressure, glue viscosity, driving voltage, and other parameters on the diameter of droplet were explored. The performance of the prototype was evaluated from three aspects of dispensing frequency, consistency, and minimum dispensing droplet diameter. Results show that the highest dispensing frequency is 230 Hz, the deviation of dispensing consistency is ±8.77%, and the minimum dispensing droplet diameter is 0.54 mm. The experimental results verify the high frequency, consistency, and micro-scale dispensing performance of the piezoelectric jetting dispensing valve based on the displacement amplifying mechanism, which provides a reference for the research of piezoelectric high-frequency jetting dispensing.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes an electromechanical impedance measurement (EIM)-based solution for monitoring concrete maturity that refers to concrete strength development at the early stage. A smart aggregate (SMA) that consists of a waterproofed piezoelectric patch is developed. The working principle is explained based on the impedance theory of an electromechanically coupled system. A finite element (FE) model of the EIM-SMA unit is established. The stiffness of the applied spring foundation is varied to emulate the concrete hardening process. The simulation results reveal that a peak located between 60 and 70 kHz in the impedance plot could be used as an indication to reflect the stiffness variation of the spring foundation. A 3D-printed mold is designed for rapid production of the EIM-SMA units. In the experiment, two sample EIM-SMA units are used to monitor fresh concrete maturity in the first 6 h after casting. The results of the two sample EIM-SMA units agreed well. The experimental results matched the simulation prediction. Compared to a bar-dropping test that is widely adopted at construction sites, the impedance evolution of an EIM-SMA unit is much smoother and has better monotonicity. In general, the proposed method has been proven to be a reliable solution to monitor the maturity development of concrete.
{"title":"An electromechanical impedance measurement-based solution for monitoring fresh concrete maturity","authors":"Guobiao Hu, Yaowen Yang, Lipi Mohanty, Soungho Chae, Kohsuke Ishizeki, Lihua Tang","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241241599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241241599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an electromechanical impedance measurement (EIM)-based solution for monitoring concrete maturity that refers to concrete strength development at the early stage. A smart aggregate (SMA) that consists of a waterproofed piezoelectric patch is developed. The working principle is explained based on the impedance theory of an electromechanically coupled system. A finite element (FE) model of the EIM-SMA unit is established. The stiffness of the applied spring foundation is varied to emulate the concrete hardening process. The simulation results reveal that a peak located between 60 and 70 kHz in the impedance plot could be used as an indication to reflect the stiffness variation of the spring foundation. A 3D-printed mold is designed for rapid production of the EIM-SMA units. In the experiment, two sample EIM-SMA units are used to monitor fresh concrete maturity in the first 6 h after casting. The results of the two sample EIM-SMA units agreed well. The experimental results matched the simulation prediction. Compared to a bar-dropping test that is widely adopted at construction sites, the impedance evolution of an EIM-SMA unit is much smoother and has better monotonicity. In general, the proposed method has been proven to be a reliable solution to monitor the maturity development of concrete.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an emerging functional material, shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits remarkable mechanical properties and finds diverse applications across industries. This paper presents a topology optimization framework based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for designing SMA structures, which maximizes structural stiffness under multiple constraints of specified volume fraction, displacement, and fundamental frequency. A phenomenological constitutive model is utilized to simulate the mechanical behavior of SMA accurately. The unit virtual load method is employed to determine sensitivities. Several optimized SMA beam structures and simply-supported cube structures are designed under different thermal-mechanical loads, and their displacement, mean compliance, and fundamental frequency are evaluated throughout the optimization process. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework successfully customizes the SMA topology structure with adjustable displacement and fundamental frequency, and the optimized schemes exhibit more considerable deformation and more uniform mechanical properties than their initial counterparts. The proposed framework has higher computational efficiency than the traditional SIMP-based SMA topology optimization design method.
作为一种新兴的功能材料，形状记忆合金（SMA）具有卓越的机械性能，在各行各业都有广泛的应用。本文提出了一种基于双向进化结构优化（BESO）方法的拓扑优化框架，用于设计 SMA 结构，在指定的体积分数、位移和基频等多重约束条件下实现结构刚度最大化。利用现象学构成模型精确模拟 SMA 的力学行为。采用单位虚拟载荷法确定敏感性。在不同的热机械载荷下设计了几种优化的 SMA 梁结构和简支撑立方体结构，并在整个优化过程中评估了它们的位移、平均顺应性和基频。结果表明，所提出的框架成功地定制了具有可调位移和基频的 SMA 拓扑结构，与初始方案相比，优化方案表现出更可观的变形和更均匀的力学性能。与传统的基于 SIMP 的 SMA 拓扑优化设计方法相比，所提出的框架具有更高的计算效率。
{"title":"Topology optimization structure design of shape memory alloy with multiple constraints","authors":"Xingkun Dong, Xiangjun Jiang, Peng Li, Tao Niu, Yaoqi Wang, Jiahuan Zhang","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241237581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241237581","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging functional material, shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits remarkable mechanical properties and finds diverse applications across industries. This paper presents a topology optimization framework based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for designing SMA structures, which maximizes structural stiffness under multiple constraints of specified volume fraction, displacement, and fundamental frequency. A phenomenological constitutive model is utilized to simulate the mechanical behavior of SMA accurately. The unit virtual load method is employed to determine sensitivities. Several optimized SMA beam structures and simply-supported cube structures are designed under different thermal-mechanical loads, and their displacement, mean compliance, and fundamental frequency are evaluated throughout the optimization process. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework successfully customizes the SMA topology structure with adjustable displacement and fundamental frequency, and the optimized schemes exhibit more considerable deformation and more uniform mechanical properties than their initial counterparts. The proposed framework has higher computational efficiency than the traditional SIMP-based SMA topology optimization design method.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241239701
Minsoo Sung, Bassem Andrawes
Truss systems are mainly made with steel due to their lightweight, high strength in both compression and tension, and ease of manufacture. Concrete truss systems on the other hand have not been widely used in the construction industry because of its weak strength in tension. In this study, a concrete truss system prestressed with a conventional prestressing system and shape memory alloy (SMA) is proposed, and its sustainability is evaluated by estimating the embodied carbon footprint of the proposed system. The bottom concrete chord of the Howe truss is prestressed with conventional high-strength steel (HSS) reinforcement using mechanical tensioning, and the vertical elements are prestressed with SMA bars. The embodied carbon footprint of the FeMnSi SMA bar is evaluated by comparing it with the HSS reinforcements in chemical components and manufacturing processes. The concrete truss is designed and numerically validated for the concrete bridge girder application to satisfy the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) service and strength limit states. The designed concrete truss satisfies the AASHTO service and strength limit states with 37.3% less total weight and 25.9% less carbon emissions than the reference model, which is as per the AASHTO type 2 I-girder.
桁架系统主要由钢材制成，因为其重量轻、抗压和抗拉强度高且易于制造。而混凝土桁架系统由于拉伸强度较弱，尚未在建筑行业得到广泛应用。本研究提出了一种采用传统预应力系统和形状记忆合金（SMA）进行预应力的混凝土桁架系统，并通过估算所提系统的内含碳足迹对其可持续性进行了评估。豪氏桁架的底部混凝土弦杆采用传统的高强度钢（HSS）钢筋，通过机械张拉进行预应力，而垂直构件则采用形状记忆合金钢筋进行预应力。通过比较铁锰硅 SMA 钢筋与高强度钢筋在化学成分和制造工艺方面的差异，评估了铁锰硅 SMA 钢筋的体现碳足迹。对混凝土桁架进行了设计和数值验证，以满足美国州公路和交通官员协会（AASHTO）的使用和强度极限要求。设计的混凝土桁架满足 AASHTO 的使用和强度极限要求，与参考模型（AASHTO 2 类 I 型梁）相比，总重量减少了 37.3%，碳排放量减少了 25.9%。
{"title":"Innovative precast prestressed concrete truss system using shape memory alloys and conventional steel","authors":"Minsoo Sung, Bassem Andrawes","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241239701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241239701","url":null,"abstract":"Truss systems are mainly made with steel due to their lightweight, high strength in both compression and tension, and ease of manufacture. Concrete truss systems on the other hand have not been widely used in the construction industry because of its weak strength in tension. In this study, a concrete truss system prestressed with a conventional prestressing system and shape memory alloy (SMA) is proposed, and its sustainability is evaluated by estimating the embodied carbon footprint of the proposed system. The bottom concrete chord of the Howe truss is prestressed with conventional high-strength steel (HSS) reinforcement using mechanical tensioning, and the vertical elements are prestressed with SMA bars. The embodied carbon footprint of the FeMnSi SMA bar is evaluated by comparing it with the HSS reinforcements in chemical components and manufacturing processes. The concrete truss is designed and numerically validated for the concrete bridge girder application to satisfy the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) service and strength limit states. The designed concrete truss satisfies the AASHTO service and strength limit states with 37.3% less total weight and 25.9% less carbon emissions than the reference model, which is as per the AASHTO type 2 I-girder.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241237835
Hucheng Chen, Hongli Ji, Jinhao Qiu
This article introduces a method of enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of a traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor with a flexible rotor by increasing the friction coefficient at the stator–rotor interface. The increased friction coefficient leads to improvements in energy conversion efficiency by increasing the output power and reducing friction loss power. Experimental verification showed that the friction coefficient in the interface increased from 0.21 to 0.32, the maximum energy conversion efficiency increased from 36.8% to 46.3%, and the interface friction loss was reduced.
{"title":"Improvement of energy conversion efficiency in traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor by increasing friction coefficient","authors":"Hucheng Chen, Hongli Ji, Jinhao Qiu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241237835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241237835","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a method of enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of a traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor with a flexible rotor by increasing the friction coefficient at the stator–rotor interface. The increased friction coefficient leads to improvements in energy conversion efficiency by increasing the output power and reducing friction loss power. Experimental verification showed that the friction coefficient in the interface increased from 0.21 to 0.32, the maximum energy conversion efficiency increased from 36.8% to 46.3%, and the interface friction loss was reduced.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241233810
Yongjian Wei, Zhuhua Tan
The dynamic mechanical response and deformation mechanism of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and epoxy resins shape memory polymer (SMP) composites were investigated in this paper. The SMP composites were a blend of PCL and epoxy resins by using the facile melt-mixing method. The distribution of PCL in the composites was observed by SEM, which was in from microparticle morphology to continuous morphology with the increasing PCL content. And the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests were performed to demonstrate the viscoelastic properties and shape memory effect of the PCL/EP composites. Based on the above characterization of PCL/EP composites, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were performed to study the dynamic mechanical properties at the strain rates of 4000/s to 7000/s. The results showed that the flow stress increased with the increasing strain rate, which exhibited an obvious sensitivity to strain rate. However, the flow stress of PCL/EP decreases with the increasing PCL content due to the low strength of PCL. And PCL/EP composites failed in a typical ductile failure mode under quasi-static loading, whereas an excellent plastic deformation ability was observed at high strain rates, which was attributed to the heat generated by the plastic work during the adiabatic compression. Combining with the experimental results, the corresponding deformation mechanism was also discussed.
{"title":"Dynamic mechanical response and deformation mechanism of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) / epoxy resin(EP) shape memory polymer composites","authors":"Yongjian Wei, Zhuhua Tan","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241233810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241233810","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic mechanical response and deformation mechanism of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and epoxy resins shape memory polymer (SMP) composites were investigated in this paper. The SMP composites were a blend of PCL and epoxy resins by using the facile melt-mixing method. The distribution of PCL in the composites was observed by SEM, which was in from microparticle morphology to continuous morphology with the increasing PCL content. And the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests were performed to demonstrate the viscoelastic properties and shape memory effect of the PCL/EP composites. Based on the above characterization of PCL/EP composites, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were performed to study the dynamic mechanical properties at the strain rates of 4000/s to 7000/s. The results showed that the flow stress increased with the increasing strain rate, which exhibited an obvious sensitivity to strain rate. However, the flow stress of PCL/EP decreases with the increasing PCL content due to the low strength of PCL. And PCL/EP composites failed in a typical ductile failure mode under quasi-static loading, whereas an excellent plastic deformation ability was observed at high strain rates, which was attributed to the heat generated by the plastic work during the adiabatic compression. Combining with the experimental results, the corresponding deformation mechanism was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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