Pub Date : 2023-04-16DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231168774
Wei Gong, P. Tan, Shishu Xiong, Dezhen Zhu
In this paper, we present a series of experimental and numerical studies on the performance and modeling of a developed magnetorheological gel (MRG) damper. A bi-directional shear-type damper was designed and fabricated. The MRG damper, which utilizes the gel’s high viscosity, can effectively alleviate the settlement problem inherent in magnetorheological fluid damper applications. Then, dynamic performance experiments were carried out to obtain the damping force with sinusoidal and random displacement excitations. Based on the test results, the forward model of the damper was established using a backpropagation neural network. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize both the network structure parameters and the initial weight and bias values. Different forward models generated using different training datasets were validated and compared with the RBFNN model and Bouc-Wen model using different test datasets. The validation results indicate that the neural network-based forward model greatly outperforms the RBFNN model and Bouc-Wen model in terms of the estimation performance. The influence of the inputs at previous time has also been investigated. Finally, to generate the command current for controlling the damper, inverse neural network models with optimized structure parameters were established using different training datasets. Validation results with different test datasets indicate that, although the predicted current generated by the inverse models has many high-frequency components, it can still act as an effective damper controller, with the resulting damping force calculated using the predicted current coinciding well with the desired behavior.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of the forward and inverse models of an MR gel damper using a GA-optimized neural network","authors":"Wei Gong, P. Tan, Shishu Xiong, Dezhen Zhu","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231168774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231168774","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a series of experimental and numerical studies on the performance and modeling of a developed magnetorheological gel (MRG) damper. A bi-directional shear-type damper was designed and fabricated. The MRG damper, which utilizes the gel’s high viscosity, can effectively alleviate the settlement problem inherent in magnetorheological fluid damper applications. Then, dynamic performance experiments were carried out to obtain the damping force with sinusoidal and random displacement excitations. Based on the test results, the forward model of the damper was established using a backpropagation neural network. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize both the network structure parameters and the initial weight and bias values. Different forward models generated using different training datasets were validated and compared with the RBFNN model and Bouc-Wen model using different test datasets. The validation results indicate that the neural network-based forward model greatly outperforms the RBFNN model and Bouc-Wen model in terms of the estimation performance. The influence of the inputs at previous time has also been investigated. Finally, to generate the command current for controlling the damper, inverse neural network models with optimized structure parameters were established using different training datasets. Validation results with different test datasets indicate that, although the predicted current generated by the inverse models has many high-frequency components, it can still act as an effective damper controller, with the resulting damping force calculated using the predicted current coinciding well with the desired behavior.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"2172 - 2191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82143340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-16DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231170163
Mohsen Taheri-Boroujeni, M. J. Ashrafi
Combination of microcapsules and shape memory alloys (SMAs) is one of the promising self-healing mechanisms. Although there are several parameters which affect the performance of such structures, limited studies are performed on this combined healing mechanism. In this work, we study the performance of such a composite structure using a 3-D finite element and extended finite element model consisting of matrix, glass microcapsule, healing agent, and Ni-Ti SMA wire. After examining the results, the effect of shape memory alloy wires on increasing the maximum fracture stress was observed. Moreover, the effect of radius of shape memory alloy wires, initial crack location, thickness ratio and volume fraction of microcapsules, and interface strength on ultimate fracture stress are investigated. Also, as a key parameter in self-healing performance, the crack opening distance decreased from 5 to 0.008 μm using 0.5% volume fraction of shape memory wires without pre-strain. In the case that the wires have a pre-strain of 1%, this value reaches almost zero and a compressive stress is induced between fracture surfaces which can enhance the healing process and adherence of healing agent.
{"title":"Self-healing performance of a microcapsule-based structure reinforced with pre-strained shape memory alloy wires: 3-D FEM/XFEM modeling","authors":"Mohsen Taheri-Boroujeni, M. J. Ashrafi","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231170163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231170163","url":null,"abstract":"Combination of microcapsules and shape memory alloys (SMAs) is one of the promising self-healing mechanisms. Although there are several parameters which affect the performance of such structures, limited studies are performed on this combined healing mechanism. In this work, we study the performance of such a composite structure using a 3-D finite element and extended finite element model consisting of matrix, glass microcapsule, healing agent, and Ni-Ti SMA wire. After examining the results, the effect of shape memory alloy wires on increasing the maximum fracture stress was observed. Moreover, the effect of radius of shape memory alloy wires, initial crack location, thickness ratio and volume fraction of microcapsules, and interface strength on ultimate fracture stress are investigated. Also, as a key parameter in self-healing performance, the crack opening distance decreased from 5 to 0.008 μm using 0.5% volume fraction of shape memory wires without pre-strain. In the case that the wires have a pre-strain of 1%, this value reaches almost zero and a compressive stress is induced between fracture surfaces which can enhance the healing process and adherence of healing agent.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"92 1","pages":"2192 - 2206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80365235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231167797
Zhiqiang Xu, Xiaodong Wang, Feng Chen, Kewen Chen
Magnetic soft materials (MSM) show excellent potential in soft robotics, biomedicine, and sensors because of their excellent magnetic response, reversible deformation, and controlled motion. A hard magnetic soft material (HASM) that can be obtained by adding hard magnetic particles to a soft material matrix. By programing the spatial magnetization profile of the HASM object and manipulating the driving magnetic field, it exhibits excellent shape manipulation performance with unconstrained, reversible deformation transformation and controlled motion. In this study, a HASM ink consisting of hard magnetic NdFeB particles with a soft silicone rubber matrix was prepared. A 4D printing strategy using 3D injection printing technology combined with origami magnetization technology is used to fabricate 3D structured HASM objects for flexible shape programmability. A variety of programed shapes of HASM straight beams with bionic fish tails were fabricated by 4D printing strategy. The HASM straight beam is driven by the magnetic field, which can quickly realize the transformation and change of the preset shape as well as the shape of the HASM beam. The HASM bionic fish tail can swing rapidly under the action of the driving magnetic field. It shows a broad potential in the field of soft and bionic robots.
{"title":"4D printing of hard magnetic soft materials based on NdFeB particles","authors":"Zhiqiang Xu, Xiaodong Wang, Feng Chen, Kewen Chen","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231167797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231167797","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic soft materials (MSM) show excellent potential in soft robotics, biomedicine, and sensors because of their excellent magnetic response, reversible deformation, and controlled motion. A hard magnetic soft material (HASM) that can be obtained by adding hard magnetic particles to a soft material matrix. By programing the spatial magnetization profile of the HASM object and manipulating the driving magnetic field, it exhibits excellent shape manipulation performance with unconstrained, reversible deformation transformation and controlled motion. In this study, a HASM ink consisting of hard magnetic NdFeB particles with a soft silicone rubber matrix was prepared. A 4D printing strategy using 3D injection printing technology combined with origami magnetization technology is used to fabricate 3D structured HASM objects for flexible shape programmability. A variety of programed shapes of HASM straight beams with bionic fish tails were fabricated by 4D printing strategy. The HASM straight beam is driven by the magnetic field, which can quickly realize the transformation and change of the preset shape as well as the shape of the HASM beam. The HASM bionic fish tail can swing rapidly under the action of the driving magnetic field. It shows a broad potential in the field of soft and bionic robots.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"8 1","pages":"2146 - 2156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87226637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231164522
Jianping Gu, K. Bian, Z. Cai, Hao Zeng, Huiyu Sun
Compared with amorphous shape memory polymers (SMPs), semicrystalline SMPs have more diverse shape memory effects (SMEs) which promotes their application in smart structures. To reveal the driving mechanism of the triple SMEs of semicrystalline SMPs, our study focuses on developing the constitutive model under the condition of finite deformation. In the paper, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model under consideration of the second law of thermodynamics is developed based on the theory of thermodynamics with internal state variables. The model can be used to describe the nonequilibrium response of the amorphous and semicrystalline components in the vicinity of the glass transition, melting, and crystallization. To verify the validity of model, numerical simulation is carried out for a thermo-mechanical shape memory cycle which can be divided into a two-step programing process and a two-step recovery process. The comparison between the model results and the test data shows good agreement.
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical modeling of semicrystalline triple shape memory polymers","authors":"Jianping Gu, K. Bian, Z. Cai, Hao Zeng, Huiyu Sun","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231164522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231164522","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with amorphous shape memory polymers (SMPs), semicrystalline SMPs have more diverse shape memory effects (SMEs) which promotes their application in smart structures. To reveal the driving mechanism of the triple SMEs of semicrystalline SMPs, our study focuses on developing the constitutive model under the condition of finite deformation. In the paper, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model under consideration of the second law of thermodynamics is developed based on the theory of thermodynamics with internal state variables. The model can be used to describe the nonequilibrium response of the amorphous and semicrystalline components in the vicinity of the glass transition, melting, and crystallization. To verify the validity of model, numerical simulation is carried out for a thermo-mechanical shape memory cycle which can be divided into a two-step programing process and a two-step recovery process. The comparison between the model results and the test data shows good agreement.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"25 1","pages":"2133 - 2145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81841913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231164529
Jong-Eun Suh, Jae-Hung Han
In this paper, a novel concept of the adaptive vibration isolator is presented. The proposed adaptive isolator is based on the thin-walled Yoshimura-patterned tube, which is able to reconfigure its shape to tune the stiffness. Multiple numbers of reconfigurable modules compose the proposed vibration isolator; thus, the force transmissibility of the isolator can be adjusted by systematic reconfiguration of the modules to show the best performance for the subjected vibration environment. The paper presents the analytical and experimental analysis of the force transmissibility of the proposed adaptive vibration isolator. The dynamic equation of the motion for the isolator system is established, and the force transmissibility is analyzed for the various configuration that a single design can have. The prototype of the proposed adaptive isolator is manufactured with an embedded actuation mechanism for reconfiguration. The performance of the isolator is experimentally confirmed through the vibration test of the fabricated prototype. Both the results of the analytical and the experimental investigation well demonstrate the adaptive characteristics of the proposed isolator concept.
{"title":"An origami-based adaptive vibration isolator with Yoshimura-patterned reconfigurable module","authors":"Jong-Eun Suh, Jae-Hung Han","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231164529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231164529","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel concept of the adaptive vibration isolator is presented. The proposed adaptive isolator is based on the thin-walled Yoshimura-patterned tube, which is able to reconfigure its shape to tune the stiffness. Multiple numbers of reconfigurable modules compose the proposed vibration isolator; thus, the force transmissibility of the isolator can be adjusted by systematic reconfiguration of the modules to show the best performance for the subjected vibration environment. The paper presents the analytical and experimental analysis of the force transmissibility of the proposed adaptive vibration isolator. The dynamic equation of the motion for the isolator system is established, and the force transmissibility is analyzed for the various configuration that a single design can have. The prototype of the proposed adaptive isolator is manufactured with an embedded actuation mechanism for reconfiguration. The performance of the isolator is experimentally confirmed through the vibration test of the fabricated prototype. Both the results of the analytical and the experimental investigation well demonstrate the adaptive characteristics of the proposed isolator concept.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"3 1","pages":"2157 - 2171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78677569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231164532
Z. Wang, Hangrui Cui, Ai Zhou, Bingqian Li, Rahim Gorgin
Flexible sensors play an increasingly important role in damage detection of curved sheet-like structures in large-scale equipment. The sensor array is widely used in plate-like structures because it can collect damage information in a centralized manner. The annular array has the same sensitivity to damage in all directions of the circular array element. This design can realize the comprehensive detection of structural damage and improve the detection efficiency of structural damage. Aiming at the flexible sensor required for health monitoring of large flexible plate-like structures, an annular composite based on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and a flexible polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) material substrate was designed. A broadband omnidirectional interdigital transducer (IDT) was integrated into an annular IDT array to calibrate its frequency response and vibration output performance, and the sensor was applied to the structural inspection.
{"title":"Optimization design of an annular flexible IDT array based on a PDMS-PVDF substrate","authors":"Z. Wang, Hangrui Cui, Ai Zhou, Bingqian Li, Rahim Gorgin","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231164532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231164532","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible sensors play an increasingly important role in damage detection of curved sheet-like structures in large-scale equipment. The sensor array is widely used in plate-like structures because it can collect damage information in a centralized manner. The annular array has the same sensitivity to damage in all directions of the circular array element. This design can realize the comprehensive detection of structural damage and improve the detection efficiency of structural damage. Aiming at the flexible sensor required for health monitoring of large flexible plate-like structures, an annular composite based on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and a flexible polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) material substrate was designed. A broadband omnidirectional interdigital transducer (IDT) was integrated into an annular IDT array to calibrate its frequency response and vibration output performance, and the sensor was applied to the structural inspection.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"891 1","pages":"2124 - 2132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77009051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231164514
Sheyda Davaria, V. V. S. Malladi, P. Tarazaga
Mimicking the nonlinear compressive behavior of the mammalian cochlear amplifier that results in the compression of high-intensity sounds and amplification of faint stimuli can lead to transformative improvements in the dynamic range, sharpness of the response, and threshold of sound detection in cochlear implants to aid individuals with hearing loss. Furthermore, it can enhance the dynamic properties of sensors. This research on developing self-sensing artificial hair cells (AHCs) validates the phenomenological control algorithm established in Part I of the paper to achieve a cochlea-like response from the quadmorph AHCs. As the beam is excited, the voltage of the piezoelectric layers is measured and used to generate a control voltage. Consequently, the controller applies cubic damping to the AHC, while reducing linear damping near its first natural frequency to replicate the biological cochlea’s function. Experimental results validate the model built in Part I of the paper and the work is extended to implement a multi-channel AHC. The system works independent of external sensors and offers significant advantages over previous generations of AHCs such as the ability to embed AHCs in a limited space and to combine several AHCs in an array without the need for external feedback measurement devices.
{"title":"Self-sensing active artificial hair cells inspired by the cochlear amplifier, Part II: Experimental validation","authors":"Sheyda Davaria, V. V. S. Malladi, P. Tarazaga","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231164514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231164514","url":null,"abstract":"Mimicking the nonlinear compressive behavior of the mammalian cochlear amplifier that results in the compression of high-intensity sounds and amplification of faint stimuli can lead to transformative improvements in the dynamic range, sharpness of the response, and threshold of sound detection in cochlear implants to aid individuals with hearing loss. Furthermore, it can enhance the dynamic properties of sensors. This research on developing self-sensing artificial hair cells (AHCs) validates the phenomenological control algorithm established in Part I of the paper to achieve a cochlea-like response from the quadmorph AHCs. As the beam is excited, the voltage of the piezoelectric layers is measured and used to generate a control voltage. Consequently, the controller applies cubic damping to the AHC, while reducing linear damping near its first natural frequency to replicate the biological cochlea’s function. Experimental results validate the model built in Part I of the paper and the work is extended to implement a multi-channel AHC. The system works independent of external sensors and offers significant advantages over previous generations of AHCs such as the ability to embed AHCs in a limited space and to combine several AHCs in an array without the need for external feedback measurement devices.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"21 1","pages":"2089 - 2105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89213474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231164516
Minquan Mao, Young T. Choi, Norman M. Wereley, A. Browne, N. Johnson
We investigate the feasibility of a sliding seat with a magnetorheological (MR) energy absorber (MREA) to minimize loads transmitted to a payload in a ground vehicle for frontal impact speeds ranging as high as 7 m/s (15.7 mph). The crash pulse for a given impact speed was assumed to be a rectangular deceleration pulse having a prescribed magnitude and duration. The control objective is to bring the seat system to rest using the available stroke, while accommodating changes in impact velocity and occupant mass ranging from a 5th percentile female to a 95th percentile male. The seat system was first treated as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) rigid occupant (RO) model, and two control algorithms are developed: (1) constant Bingham number control and (2) constant force control. To explore the effects of occupant compliance on the adaptive seat system performance, a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) compliant occupant (CO) model was integrated with the seat mass and the same control algorithms were used. Simulation results showed that the designed adaptive controllers successfully controlled load-stroke profiles to bring the seat system to rest in the available stroke and reduced occupant decelerations. Analysis showed extensive coupling between the seat structures and occupant biodynamic response.
{"title":"Influence of biomechanical compliance on control performance of a magnetorheological sliding seat system","authors":"Minquan Mao, Young T. Choi, Norman M. Wereley, A. Browne, N. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231164516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231164516","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the feasibility of a sliding seat with a magnetorheological (MR) energy absorber (MREA) to minimize loads transmitted to a payload in a ground vehicle for frontal impact speeds ranging as high as 7 m/s (15.7 mph). The crash pulse for a given impact speed was assumed to be a rectangular deceleration pulse having a prescribed magnitude and duration. The control objective is to bring the seat system to rest using the available stroke, while accommodating changes in impact velocity and occupant mass ranging from a 5th percentile female to a 95th percentile male. The seat system was first treated as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) rigid occupant (RO) model, and two control algorithms are developed: (1) constant Bingham number control and (2) constant force control. To explore the effects of occupant compliance on the adaptive seat system performance, a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) compliant occupant (CO) model was integrated with the seat mass and the same control algorithms were used. Simulation results showed that the designed adaptive controllers successfully controlled load-stroke profiles to bring the seat system to rest in the available stroke and reduced occupant decelerations. Analysis showed extensive coupling between the seat structures and occupant biodynamic response.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"1983 - 1997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88795758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study attempts to improve the vibration isolation performance of a vehicle suspension system with a magnetorheological damper (MRD) under complex driving conditions. Structure parameter uncertainty, disturbance of the driving process, and response time delay of MRD are all addressed. Firstly, experiments of MRD were carried out in a damping force testing machine to identify the parameters of the MRD adjustable Sigmoid model by the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. Then, the parameter identification is verified by comparing experimental and simulation data. Secondly, the state space equations of the suspension system are derived by Newton’s second law. The transfer function from the bounded disturbance input to the control output is obtained based on H∞ control theory. To make the Infinite norm of the system transfer function less than a certain value, three control strategies are proposed: variable structure control (VSC), disturbance rejection control (DRC), and delay tolerance control (DTC). Thirdly, considering these issues together to weaken the effect of disturbances on vehicle driving conditions, a fuzzy cooperative control (FCC) strategy is proposed based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory. Simulation results demonstrate that FCC semi-active vehicle suspension systems conduct effective vibration isolation performance while responding to multiple external disturbances.
{"title":"Semi-active fuzzy cooperative control of vehicle suspension with a magnetorheological damper","authors":"Gang Li, Qingsheng Huang, Guoliang Hu, Ruqi Ding, Wencai Zhu, Liping Zeng","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231157353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231157353","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to improve the vibration isolation performance of a vehicle suspension system with a magnetorheological damper (MRD) under complex driving conditions. Structure parameter uncertainty, disturbance of the driving process, and response time delay of MRD are all addressed. Firstly, experiments of MRD were carried out in a damping force testing machine to identify the parameters of the MRD adjustable Sigmoid model by the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. Then, the parameter identification is verified by comparing experimental and simulation data. Secondly, the state space equations of the suspension system are derived by Newton’s second law. The transfer function from the bounded disturbance input to the control output is obtained based on H∞ control theory. To make the Infinite norm of the system transfer function less than a certain value, three control strategies are proposed: variable structure control (VSC), disturbance rejection control (DRC), and delay tolerance control (DTC). Thirdly, considering these issues together to weaken the effect of disturbances on vehicle driving conditions, a fuzzy cooperative control (FCC) strategy is proposed based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory. Simulation results demonstrate that FCC semi-active vehicle suspension systems conduct effective vibration isolation performance while responding to multiple external disturbances.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"2106 - 2123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79221916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1177/1045389X231167178
M. Saadeh
Force sensing resistor (FSR) is a passive component that is composed of polymer thick films that change resistance between its terminals due to force applied at its surface. FSRs inherently exhibit many nonlinear behaviors. This work employs a Genetic Algorithm agent to navigate the search space to identify the optimal modeling systems for five circular FSRs of comparable sizes. The Hybrid GA-System Identification allows the globally optimized models for the original systems to be identified without the need of a differentiable measure function or linearly separable parameters. The GA searches for the order of the linear model (zeros and poles), the input and output nonlinearities, and the order and the interval of these nonlinearities. Meanwhile, the system identification optimizes the locations of the poles and zeros as well as the parameters of the input and output nonlinearities. The synergy between the two agents allows the entire space to be evaluated for a global solution using the heuristic search advantage of the GA coupled with the fine-tuning of the parameters using the localized search advantage of the system identification. Results show that using the GA agent expedited the search process and allowed for reaching a globally optimized model.
{"title":"Hybrid genetic algorithm-system identification approach to model force sensing resistors","authors":"M. Saadeh","doi":"10.1177/1045389X231167178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X231167178","url":null,"abstract":"Force sensing resistor (FSR) is a passive component that is composed of polymer thick films that change resistance between its terminals due to force applied at its surface. FSRs inherently exhibit many nonlinear behaviors. This work employs a Genetic Algorithm agent to navigate the search space to identify the optimal modeling systems for five circular FSRs of comparable sizes. The Hybrid GA-System Identification allows the globally optimized models for the original systems to be identified without the need of a differentiable measure function or linearly separable parameters. The GA searches for the order of the linear model (zeros and poles), the input and output nonlinearities, and the order and the interval of these nonlinearities. Meanwhile, the system identification optimizes the locations of the poles and zeros as well as the parameters of the input and output nonlinearities. The synergy between the two agents allows the entire space to be evaluated for a global solution using the heuristic search advantage of the GA coupled with the fine-tuning of the parameters using the localized search advantage of the system identification. Results show that using the GA agent expedited the search process and allowed for reaching a globally optimized model.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"10 1","pages":"2074 - 2086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89499359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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