In the manuscript, the piezoelectric functional element was prepared by slicing and adding method using piezoelectric ceramic PZT-5H and ordinary silicate cement 42.5 was as base materials, and then a 2-2 type cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor was prepared by an encapsulated epoxy resin. The experimental and simulation analysis was carried out to obtain the quasi-static linear sensitivity of the electromechanical response of the sample under conditions of compressive loading. The development process of the sample from local failure to overall fragmentation was observed using a high-speed camera. Found that the electrical nonlinear threshold of 35 MPa appeared before the mechanical nonlinear threshold. Further, the results showed that when the loading frequency was increased from 5 to 15 Hz under equal amplitude, the response waveform remained unchanged, however, the electrical displacement was attenuated by 19.7%. Packaging schemes using various lengths and thicknesses of an epoxy layer were conducted by using simulation. It is indicated that, under the premise of ensuring the protection package and considering the manufacturing process, the length of the package side could increase appropriately, and the single-side package side length is set to 4 mm. When the thickness of the package layer becomes less, it would be better.
{"title":"Experimentation and simulation study of electromechanical response characteristics of a 2-2 type cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor","authors":"Haiwei Dong, Bohan Ma, Ziye Zhu, Zhe Li, Xiaokun Yang, Jiangying Chen","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231216847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231216847","url":null,"abstract":"In the manuscript, the piezoelectric functional element was prepared by slicing and adding method using piezoelectric ceramic PZT-5H and ordinary silicate cement 42.5 was as base materials, and then a 2-2 type cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor was prepared by an encapsulated epoxy resin. The experimental and simulation analysis was carried out to obtain the quasi-static linear sensitivity of the electromechanical response of the sample under conditions of compressive loading. The development process of the sample from local failure to overall fragmentation was observed using a high-speed camera. Found that the electrical nonlinear threshold of 35 MPa appeared before the mechanical nonlinear threshold. Further, the results showed that when the loading frequency was increased from 5 to 15 Hz under equal amplitude, the response waveform remained unchanged, however, the electrical displacement was attenuated by 19.7%. Packaging schemes using various lengths and thicknesses of an epoxy layer were conducted by using simulation. It is indicated that, under the premise of ensuring the protection package and considering the manufacturing process, the length of the package side could increase appropriately, and the single-side package side length is set to 4 mm. When the thickness of the package layer becomes less, it would be better.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"51 S257","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231200472
Brandon Williams, M. Coatney, Asha Hall, Oliver Myers, D. Seifu
Although failure mechanics and plasticity of composite materials is a relatively new and volatile field, it has been long realized in the composite materials community that a composite’s true integrity lies in the constituents’ interfacial health. Composite materials allow scientists and engineers to design structural architectures with directional stress, strain, and thermal fields in mind while simultaneously reducing the system’s overall weight. While there are advantages to using composite materials like carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), designing and implementing long-term sustainable aerospace structures out of CFRPs is bottlenecked by the brittle catastrophic failure mechanism high strength carbon composites exhibit. As the demand for these materials in critical loading regimes increases, it is paramount that scientists and engineers understand how CFRPs will behave in real-time and in predictive models for load profiles. This research’s motivation comes from the US Army’s future vertical lift vehicle initiative to transition from interval-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance (CDB). This paper explores a real-time, non-contact, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for composite materials by performing localized magnetic flux scans (32 mm2 field of view) of CFRP embedded with Terfenol-D ([Formula: see text] microns in diameter), a magnetostrictive material. For Magnetostrictive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (MagCFRP) elastic regime testing, there was an observed localized magnetic flux gradient of more than 5 mT (4%) with a reversible flux of 100%. For MagCFRP elastic-plastic regime testing, a localized magnetic flux gradient of more than 3 mT (2%) with a reversible flux of only 25% was observed. Terfenol-D embedded CRFPs have shown promising results for detecting instantaneous stress and strain levels and detecting deviations in inter-lamina residual stress after critical loading. Acoustic emission (AE), Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning were used to validate the observed results.
{"title":"Non-contact embedded sensing by Magnetostrictive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (MagCFRP): A smart material for early inter-lamina localized damage detection","authors":"Brandon Williams, M. Coatney, Asha Hall, Oliver Myers, D. Seifu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231200472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231200472","url":null,"abstract":"Although failure mechanics and plasticity of composite materials is a relatively new and volatile field, it has been long realized in the composite materials community that a composite’s true integrity lies in the constituents’ interfacial health. Composite materials allow scientists and engineers to design structural architectures with directional stress, strain, and thermal fields in mind while simultaneously reducing the system’s overall weight. While there are advantages to using composite materials like carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), designing and implementing long-term sustainable aerospace structures out of CFRPs is bottlenecked by the brittle catastrophic failure mechanism high strength carbon composites exhibit. As the demand for these materials in critical loading regimes increases, it is paramount that scientists and engineers understand how CFRPs will behave in real-time and in predictive models for load profiles. This research’s motivation comes from the US Army’s future vertical lift vehicle initiative to transition from interval-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance (CDB). This paper explores a real-time, non-contact, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for composite materials by performing localized magnetic flux scans (32 mm2 field of view) of CFRP embedded with Terfenol-D ([Formula: see text] microns in diameter), a magnetostrictive material. For Magnetostrictive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (MagCFRP) elastic regime testing, there was an observed localized magnetic flux gradient of more than 5 mT (4%) with a reversible flux of 100%. For MagCFRP elastic-plastic regime testing, a localized magnetic flux gradient of more than 3 mT (2%) with a reversible flux of only 25% was observed. Terfenol-D embedded CRFPs have shown promising results for detecting instantaneous stress and strain levels and detecting deviations in inter-lamina residual stress after critical loading. Acoustic emission (AE), Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning were used to validate the observed results.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231201039
Yuhao Shi, Thomas Wallmersperger
As an important category of smart materials, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are highly concerned due to their extensive application possibilities and their outstanding biocompatibilities. The ability of responsive hydrogels about significant volume change by external stimuli inspires the design of electronic devices, for example, as sensors and actuators. The modeling of the hydrogel behavior enables the optimization of corresponding applications. In the present research, on the basis of the experimentally determined material parameters, a chemo-poromechanical model was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics ® to investigate the constricted swelling of hydrogels. The swelling kinetics affected by the diffusion coefficient is discussed in detail with numerical simulations.
{"title":"Poromechanical modeling of fluid penetration in chemo-responsive gels: Parameter optimization and applications","authors":"Yuhao Shi, Thomas Wallmersperger","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231201039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231201039","url":null,"abstract":"As an important category of smart materials, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are highly concerned due to their extensive application possibilities and their outstanding biocompatibilities. The ability of responsive hydrogels about significant volume change by external stimuli inspires the design of electronic devices, for example, as sensors and actuators. The modeling of the hydrogel behavior enables the optimization of corresponding applications. In the present research, on the basis of the experimentally determined material parameters, a chemo-poromechanical model was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics ® to investigate the constricted swelling of hydrogels. The swelling kinetics affected by the diffusion coefficient is discussed in detail with numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"47 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231200146
Liwei Dong, Heli Zhang, Jie Yu, Guobiao Hu
A large amount of vibration energy is dissipated in the secondary suspension systems of railway freight wagons, which can be harvested as renewable power supplies to serve more smart devices for onboard applications. This paper explores the vibration energy harvesting potential of freight wagons and deals with the systematic design issues of energy-regenerative shock absorbers (ERSAs). By considering the ERSA force interaction and realistic track irregularity, a vehicle-track coupled model is established to predict a more accurate vibration response. The parameter sensibility analysis reveals that the operation speed, vehicle load, and track irregularity are the most critical factors that can significantly affect the power generation performance. In addition, vibration energy harvesting potential assessment is conducted on American, German, and Chinese track spectrums and several field-measured freight lines, indicating an average power potential ranging from 33 to 960 W per absorber with a full-loaded freight wagon running at 90 km/h. Finally, a systematic design approach for ERSAs is proposed based on the prior feasibility assessment, a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) algorithm, and the vehicle-ERSA coupled model. The digital twin of an ERSA has been established and validated by a series of experimental tests. Taking the average power as the objective and setting the suspension vibration velocity, maximum generator rotation velocity, and maximum ERSA force as constraints, the optimized ERSA exhibits an output power of 63 W and 20.22% shock absorption on the secondary suspension. Meanwhile, the GWO-PSO has demonstrated an enhanced exploration ability than the conventional GWO in dealing with the constrained optimization problem of the ERSA design.
{"title":"Energy harvesting potential assessment and systematic design for energy-regenerative shock absorbers on railway freight wagons","authors":"Liwei Dong, Heli Zhang, Jie Yu, Guobiao Hu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231200146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231200146","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of vibration energy is dissipated in the secondary suspension systems of railway freight wagons, which can be harvested as renewable power supplies to serve more smart devices for onboard applications. This paper explores the vibration energy harvesting potential of freight wagons and deals with the systematic design issues of energy-regenerative shock absorbers (ERSAs). By considering the ERSA force interaction and realistic track irregularity, a vehicle-track coupled model is established to predict a more accurate vibration response. The parameter sensibility analysis reveals that the operation speed, vehicle load, and track irregularity are the most critical factors that can significantly affect the power generation performance. In addition, vibration energy harvesting potential assessment is conducted on American, German, and Chinese track spectrums and several field-measured freight lines, indicating an average power potential ranging from 33 to 960 W per absorber with a full-loaded freight wagon running at 90 km/h. Finally, a systematic design approach for ERSAs is proposed based on the prior feasibility assessment, a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) algorithm, and the vehicle-ERSA coupled model. The digital twin of an ERSA has been established and validated by a series of experimental tests. Taking the average power as the objective and setting the suspension vibration velocity, maximum generator rotation velocity, and maximum ERSA force as constraints, the optimized ERSA exhibits an output power of 63 W and 20.22% shock absorption on the secondary suspension. Meanwhile, the GWO-PSO has demonstrated an enhanced exploration ability than the conventional GWO in dealing with the constrained optimization problem of the ERSA design.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"9 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231205021
Yangyang Zhang, Qi Lai, He Zhang, Yingwu Yang, Ji Wang, Chaofeng Lü
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from traffic load has gained extensive attention for potentiality as a renewable energy source. In existing in situ experiments, generally only one vehicle is employed, while the wheel-path of the vehicle and embedded positions of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) units are both fixed. However, in an actual traffic condition, vehicles travel randomly along width of pavements, which means the wheel-path varies over time and among vehicles. In this study, an electromechanical model is established for the PEH units under actual traffic conditions with wheel-path distribution, and is validated with finite element analysis and experiments. Then the electrical performance of PEH units embedded at various locations along pavements’ lateral direction is investigated under various traffic speeds. It is found that the optimal lateral embedded locations of the PEH units should be adjusted according to the prescribed traffic speed of the roads. Specifically, PEH units should be embedded at the tire-road contact areas for road with low traffic speeds (<15 m/s), while they should be embedded at the center of the pavement with high traffic speeds (>25 m/s). These mathematical results may serve as guidelines for selecting optimal lateral embedded locations for PEH units embedded in pavements.
{"title":"Optimal lateral embedded position of piezoelectric energy harvesters under various traffic conditions with wheel-path distribution","authors":"Yangyang Zhang, Qi Lai, He Zhang, Yingwu Yang, Ji Wang, Chaofeng Lü","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231205021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231205021","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric energy harvesting from traffic load has gained extensive attention for potentiality as a renewable energy source. In existing in situ experiments, generally only one vehicle is employed, while the wheel-path of the vehicle and embedded positions of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) units are both fixed. However, in an actual traffic condition, vehicles travel randomly along width of pavements, which means the wheel-path varies over time and among vehicles. In this study, an electromechanical model is established for the PEH units under actual traffic conditions with wheel-path distribution, and is validated with finite element analysis and experiments. Then the electrical performance of PEH units embedded at various locations along pavements’ lateral direction is investigated under various traffic speeds. It is found that the optimal lateral embedded locations of the PEH units should be adjusted according to the prescribed traffic speed of the roads. Specifically, PEH units should be embedded at the tire-road contact areas for road with low traffic speeds (<15 m/s), while they should be embedded at the center of the pavement with high traffic speeds (>25 m/s). These mathematical results may serve as guidelines for selecting optimal lateral embedded locations for PEH units embedded in pavements.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"39 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231200144
B Upendra, B Panigrahi, K Singh, GR Sabareesh
Biomedical implantable devices like deep brain stimulators, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac pacemakers are essential for treating the human heart and brain-related diseases. In the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on improving bio-implant technologies. Conventional bio implant devices consist of an external generator like a battery to power the system, which requires replacement after a particular time. Therefore, in recent years, self-powered implants with various energy harvesting techniques have been proposed to avoid frequent surgery for battery replacement and to miniaturise the implant systems. However, the research communities have yet to explore all the limitations and possibilities of improvement on such energy-scavenging technologies, especially when the application is in vivo. Several aspects of recent developments in energy harvesting technologies feasible for biomedical implantable devices are reported systematically. A detailed review of piezoelectric energy harvester mechanism and miniaturisation, electric output and power management and biocompatibility of an energy harvester for implantable medical devices in vitro and in vivo environments. Furthermore, the piezoelectric energy harvester’s durability, packaging material, connection and evaluation criteria are discussed.
{"title":"Recent advancements in piezoelectric energy harvesting for implantable medical devices","authors":"B Upendra, B Panigrahi, K Singh, GR Sabareesh","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231200144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231200144","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical implantable devices like deep brain stimulators, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac pacemakers are essential for treating the human heart and brain-related diseases. In the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on improving bio-implant technologies. Conventional bio implant devices consist of an external generator like a battery to power the system, which requires replacement after a particular time. Therefore, in recent years, self-powered implants with various energy harvesting techniques have been proposed to avoid frequent surgery for battery replacement and to miniaturise the implant systems. However, the research communities have yet to explore all the limitations and possibilities of improvement on such energy-scavenging technologies, especially when the application is in vivo. Several aspects of recent developments in energy harvesting technologies feasible for biomedical implantable devices are reported systematically. A detailed review of piezoelectric energy harvester mechanism and miniaturisation, electric output and power management and biocompatibility of an energy harvester for implantable medical devices in vitro and in vivo environments. Furthermore, the piezoelectric energy harvester’s durability, packaging material, connection and evaluation criteria are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231197731
Yuewen Zhang, Yansong Li, Shu Li
Free vibration of the porous functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) microbeams in hygrothermal environment is investigated. Four kinds of distributions of porosities including uniform porosity, “O,”“X,” and “V” type porosities are assumed in this paper. For the functionally graded microbeam, the physical neutral surface is considered. The modified couple stress theory is adopted to capture the size effect. The equations of motion for the porous FGMEE microbeam are derived and solved by differential transformation method. In the numerical examples, the effect of electric and magnetic loadings, material length scale parameter, the temperature rise, the moisture concentration, material gradient index, and porosity volume fraction on the natural frequency are analyzed and discussed in detail. The results indicate that different porous distribution modes have different effects on natural frequency. Moisture concentration/temperature rise can reduce the natural frequency regardless of what the temperature and moisture modes is. These results will be useful for the design of the porous FGMEE structures.
{"title":"Free vibration of porous FG magneto-electro-elastic microbeams in the hygrothermal environment based on differential transformation method","authors":"Yuewen Zhang, Yansong Li, Shu Li","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231197731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231197731","url":null,"abstract":"Free vibration of the porous functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) microbeams in hygrothermal environment is investigated. Four kinds of distributions of porosities including uniform porosity, “O,”“X,” and “V” type porosities are assumed in this paper. For the functionally graded microbeam, the physical neutral surface is considered. The modified couple stress theory is adopted to capture the size effect. The equations of motion for the porous FGMEE microbeam are derived and solved by differential transformation method. In the numerical examples, the effect of electric and magnetic loadings, material length scale parameter, the temperature rise, the moisture concentration, material gradient index, and porosity volume fraction on the natural frequency are analyzed and discussed in detail. The results indicate that different porous distribution modes have different effects on natural frequency. Moisture concentration/temperature rise can reduce the natural frequency regardless of what the temperature and moisture modes is. These results will be useful for the design of the porous FGMEE structures.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231199855
Carson Squibb, Michael Philen
Honeycomb materials as reinforcements for shape memory polymers have been considered for their commercial availability, ease of geometric tailoring, and high in-plane stiffnesses. The design optimization of these honeycomb cells remains an open field of research, with many approaches taken in formulating the structural optimization problems. This investigation focuses on implementing a shape variable parametrization of the honeycomb to study the possible value of both cell asymmetry and spatially varying cell geometries in multicell networks. A unit cell finite element model framework was developed to predict the in-plane elastic properties of these composites, and two design objectives were selected to be optimized. Pareto fronts were estimated for multiple loading cases and cell wall material models, and experimental results were collected for model validation. The optimization results find that these composites can achieve a large range of performances, with maximum moduli as high as 17.2 GPa. Large asymmetry is found in the optimized cell geometries, and relationships are identified between loading cases and for different wall materials. Furthermore, the experimental results validate the finite element model predictions, with relative errors as low as 20% for the predicted maximum modulus and 2% for the modulus ratio.
{"title":"Investigation of single and multicell honeycomb reinforced shape memory polymer composites: Shape optimization and experimental characterization","authors":"Carson Squibb, Michael Philen","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231199855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231199855","url":null,"abstract":"Honeycomb materials as reinforcements for shape memory polymers have been considered for their commercial availability, ease of geometric tailoring, and high in-plane stiffnesses. The design optimization of these honeycomb cells remains an open field of research, with many approaches taken in formulating the structural optimization problems. This investigation focuses on implementing a shape variable parametrization of the honeycomb to study the possible value of both cell asymmetry and spatially varying cell geometries in multicell networks. A unit cell finite element model framework was developed to predict the in-plane elastic properties of these composites, and two design objectives were selected to be optimized. Pareto fronts were estimated for multiple loading cases and cell wall material models, and experimental results were collected for model validation. The optimization results find that these composites can achieve a large range of performances, with maximum moduli as high as 17.2 GPa. Large asymmetry is found in the optimized cell geometries, and relationships are identified between loading cases and for different wall materials. Furthermore, the experimental results validate the finite element model predictions, with relative errors as low as 20% for the predicted maximum modulus and 2% for the modulus ratio.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231197099
Pingyang Li, Xiaomin Dong, Zhenyang Fei, Qinglin Liu
This paper focuses on the performance improvement and evaluation of a novel flexible sandwich beam incorporated magnetorheological fluid porous fabric (MRF-PF). As a novel MR material, MRF-PF has been introduced, prepared, and measured to analyze the pre-yield property between complex shear modulus and magnetic fields. MRF-PF is used into the flexible sandwich beam as core layer. Pre-yield property with tunable stiffness is used to adjust the dynamic response. Then, a theoretical model is derived which can precisely describe the performance. Based on experimental results, sandwich beam incorporated MRF-PF has a good performance of controllability. When the magnetic field is applied into the free end, the natural frequency decreases with increasing the currents and filling ratio. In contrast, the frequency and amplitude increase when the clamped end is exposed to the magnetic fields. Comparing with other investigations, this proposed sandwich beam incorporated MRF-PF has a larger frequency range. The first and second natural frequency show the increases of 54.8% and 77.2%, respectively. The reduction of amplitude is closely related to the thickness of face plate. Therefore, the performance of the compound sandwich beam can be significantly improved by MRF-PF.
{"title":"Characteristic analysis of a novel magnetorheological fabric composite cored flexible sandwich beam with tunable stiffness","authors":"Pingyang Li, Xiaomin Dong, Zhenyang Fei, Qinglin Liu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231197099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231197099","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the performance improvement and evaluation of a novel flexible sandwich beam incorporated magnetorheological fluid porous fabric (MRF-PF). As a novel MR material, MRF-PF has been introduced, prepared, and measured to analyze the pre-yield property between complex shear modulus and magnetic fields. MRF-PF is used into the flexible sandwich beam as core layer. Pre-yield property with tunable stiffness is used to adjust the dynamic response. Then, a theoretical model is derived which can precisely describe the performance. Based on experimental results, sandwich beam incorporated MRF-PF has a good performance of controllability. When the magnetic field is applied into the free end, the natural frequency decreases with increasing the currents and filling ratio. In contrast, the frequency and amplitude increase when the clamped end is exposed to the magnetic fields. Comparing with other investigations, this proposed sandwich beam incorporated MRF-PF has a larger frequency range. The first and second natural frequency show the increases of 54.8% and 77.2%, respectively. The reduction of amplitude is closely related to the thickness of face plate. Therefore, the performance of the compound sandwich beam can be significantly improved by MRF-PF.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231195835
Xinxin Wei, Tianhong Yan, Shulin Liu
Due to the characteristics of smart material magnetorheological (MR) fluid, such as short response time and large controllable range, semi-active suspension based on MR fluid has been widely used. In order to improve the steering stability of vehicles, a semi-active suspension with tapered flow mode MR was proposed. The magnetic circuit of the proposed structure was designed, its dynamic model was established, and the finite element simulation analysis was carried out. By establishing the optimization objectives and constraints, the MR damper was optimized by NSGA-II and MOST algorithms. The vehicle dynamics model with MR damper was established, and the vehicle dynamics simulation was carried out under the control system based on the vehicle dynamics simulation software CarSim-Simulink before and after optimization. The results show that the NSGA-II optimized MR damper can reduce vehicle roll and significantly improve vehicle handling stability. This paper provides a new idea for improving vehicle handling stability by optimizing the MR damper.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization design of magnetorheological damper and vehicle handling stability performance research","authors":"Xinxin Wei, Tianhong Yan, Shulin Liu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231195835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231195835","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the characteristics of smart material magnetorheological (MR) fluid, such as short response time and large controllable range, semi-active suspension based on MR fluid has been widely used. In order to improve the steering stability of vehicles, a semi-active suspension with tapered flow mode MR was proposed. The magnetic circuit of the proposed structure was designed, its dynamic model was established, and the finite element simulation analysis was carried out. By establishing the optimization objectives and constraints, the MR damper was optimized by NSGA-II and MOST algorithms. The vehicle dynamics model with MR damper was established, and the vehicle dynamics simulation was carried out under the control system based on the vehicle dynamics simulation software CarSim-Simulink before and after optimization. The results show that the NSGA-II optimized MR damper can reduce vehicle roll and significantly improve vehicle handling stability. This paper provides a new idea for improving vehicle handling stability by optimizing the MR damper.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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