Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241227339
Hang Gong, Jin Huang
To solve the problems of poor transmission performance and small torque regulation range of traditional MR device, a variable working gap MRF transmission device driven by electromagnetic force is proposed. The device uses electromagnetic force driving the squeeze disk to move axially to squeeze the MRF, thereby changing the number of working gaps and effective working thickness of the MRF to improve the transmission performance of the MR device. Based on the coil magnetization effect, the relationship between current, magnetic field intensity, and electromagnetic force is established. According to the driving characteristics of electromagnetic force and the rheological characteristics of MRF, a nonlinear function relationship between electromagnetic force and MRF working gap thickness and working volume is derived. Using the finite element method, a theoretical analysis of the magnetic circuit design, magnetic field distribution and temperature change profile in different parts of MRF device with different currents was conducted, the MRF torque transfer equations were deduced and calculated, and experimentally verified the correctness of the theoretical equations. Finally, the transmission performance of the variable working gap MRF transmission device is tested through the established testing system. Results show that, the required squeeze force is 6.65 kN when the MRF thickness reaches 1 mm in both working gaps. As the current increases from 0.5 to 3.0 A, the electromagnetic force increases from 0.65 to 6.77 kN, with an increase of 972.3%, the average temperature of the MRF in working gap I increases from 25.2°C to 71.2°C and the MRF in working gap II increases from 23.5°C to 48.3°C. When the current is 1.5 A, the MRF in the working gap I reaches magnetic saturation, continue to increase the current to 3.0 A, the MRF thickness in both working gaps is 1 mm, and the MR device transmits torque reach 376.6 N·m, which is 72.3% higher than that of the traditional MR device.
为解决传统磁共振装置传动性能差、扭矩调节范围小等问题，提出了一种电磁力驱动的可变工作间隙磁共振传动装置。该装置利用电磁力驱动挤压盘轴向移动挤压磁共振元件，从而改变磁共振元件的工作间隙数和有效工作厚度，提高磁共振装置的传动性能。根据线圈磁化效应，建立了电流、磁场强度和电磁力之间的关系。根据电磁力的驱动特性和 MRF 的流变特性，得出了电磁力与 MRF 工作间隙厚度和工作体积之间的非线性函数关系。利用有限元方法，对不同电流下 MRF 装置不同部位的磁路设计、磁场分布和温度变化曲线进行了理论分析，推导并计算了 MRF 扭矩传递方程，并通过实验验证了理论方程的正确性。最后，通过已建立的测试系统测试了可变工作间隙 MRF 传动装置的传动性能。结果表明，当 MRF 厚度达到 1 mm 时，两个工作间隙所需的挤压力均为 6.65 kN。当电流从 0.5 A 增加到 3.0 A 时，电磁力从 0.65 kN 增加到 6.77 kN，增加了 972.3%，工作间隙 I 中 MRF 的平均温度从 25.2°C 增加到 71.2°C，工作间隙 II 中 MRF 的平均温度从 23.5°C 增加到 48.3°C。当电流为 1.5 A 时，工作间隙 I 中的 MRF 达到磁饱和，继续增大电流至 3.0 A，两个工作间隙中的 MRF 厚度均为 1 mm，磁共振装置传递的扭矩达到 376.6 N-m，比传统磁共振装置高 72.3%。
{"title":"Analysis and experimentation of variable gap magnetorheological transmission device driven by electromagnetic force","authors":"Hang Gong, Jin Huang","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241227339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241227339","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the problems of poor transmission performance and small torque regulation range of traditional MR device, a variable working gap MRF transmission device driven by electromagnetic force is proposed. The device uses electromagnetic force driving the squeeze disk to move axially to squeeze the MRF, thereby changing the number of working gaps and effective working thickness of the MRF to improve the transmission performance of the MR device. Based on the coil magnetization effect, the relationship between current, magnetic field intensity, and electromagnetic force is established. According to the driving characteristics of electromagnetic force and the rheological characteristics of MRF, a nonlinear function relationship between electromagnetic force and MRF working gap thickness and working volume is derived. Using the finite element method, a theoretical analysis of the magnetic circuit design, magnetic field distribution and temperature change profile in different parts of MRF device with different currents was conducted, the MRF torque transfer equations were deduced and calculated, and experimentally verified the correctness of the theoretical equations. Finally, the transmission performance of the variable working gap MRF transmission device is tested through the established testing system. Results show that, the required squeeze force is 6.65 kN when the MRF thickness reaches 1 mm in both working gaps. As the current increases from 0.5 to 3.0 A, the electromagnetic force increases from 0.65 to 6.77 kN, with an increase of 972.3%, the average temperature of the MRF in working gap I increases from 25.2°C to 71.2°C and the MRF in working gap II increases from 23.5°C to 48.3°C. When the current is 1.5 A, the MRF in the working gap I reaches magnetic saturation, continue to increase the current to 3.0 A, the MRF thickness in both working gaps is 1 mm, and the MR device transmits torque reach 376.6 N·m, which is 72.3% higher than that of the traditional MR device.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231222999
Li Sun, Geng Wang, Chunwei Zhang
A novel high performance multi-walled carbon nano-polyvinylpyrrolidone/silicon-based shear thickening fluid (MWCNTs-PVP/SiO2-STF), abbreviated and subsequently referred to as MPS-STF, is developed in this paper. The rheological properties of the MPS-STF are investigated, and the viscosity model of MPS-STF is established. Furthermore, the MPS-STF based viscous fluid damper (MPS-STF-VFD) is designed according to the rheological characteristics of the novel fluid. The impact of loading frequencies, displacement amplitudes and the numbers of piston holes on the dynamic performance of the damper is studied through sophisticated multiple cases loading tests using MTS facility. The test results show that the loading frequency, displacement amplitudes and the number of piston holes have great influence on the rheological properties of MPS-STF. This directly affects the maximum damping force and heat dissipation capacity of MPS-STF-VFD. Finally, the mechanical model of the damper is established based on the principle of fluid mechanics. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data. The high damping performance of the MPS-STF-VFD can be achieved based on the characteristics of the modified fluid. Relevant results reported in this paper can provide an important solution for the development and application of damping technology in engineering structures.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of a novel high performance multi-walled carbon nano-polyvinylpyrrolidone/silicon-based shear thickening fluid damper","authors":"Li Sun, Geng Wang, Chunwei Zhang","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231222999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231222999","url":null,"abstract":"A novel high performance multi-walled carbon nano-polyvinylpyrrolidone/silicon-based shear thickening fluid (MWCNTs-PVP/SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-STF), abbreviated and subsequently referred to as MPS-STF, is developed in this paper. The rheological properties of the MPS-STF are investigated, and the viscosity model of MPS-STF is established. Furthermore, the MPS-STF based viscous fluid damper (MPS-STF-VFD) is designed according to the rheological characteristics of the novel fluid. The impact of loading frequencies, displacement amplitudes and the numbers of piston holes on the dynamic performance of the damper is studied through sophisticated multiple cases loading tests using MTS facility. The test results show that the loading frequency, displacement amplitudes and the number of piston holes have great influence on the rheological properties of MPS-STF. This directly affects the maximum damping force and heat dissipation capacity of MPS-STF-VFD. Finally, the mechanical model of the damper is established based on the principle of fluid mechanics. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data. The high damping performance of the MPS-STF-VFD can be achieved based on the characteristics of the modified fluid. Relevant results reported in this paper can provide an important solution for the development and application of damping technology in engineering structures.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1177/1045389x241230113
Jie Zhang, Mu Fan, Hornsen Tzou
The flexoelectric effect, garnering extensive attention in recent years, is an electro-mechanical coupled gradient effect that widely exists in dielectric materials and holds great potential for applications in structural sensing and actuation. The parabolic shell structure, characterized by line focusing, finds widespread use in key structural components such as solar trough collectors and communication antennas. Distributed sensing of the structural states of these parabolic shells is critical for vibration control, health monitoring, and shape control of precision structural systems. Therefore, flexoelectric sensing research based on parabolic shell structure has become an important topic. This study establishes a mathematical model for flexoelectric sensing in a parabolic shell with four-sided simply supported boundary conditions. The model is based on the direct flexoelectric effect, and thin shell assumption, and incorporates specific Lamé parameters and curvature radius. The electro-mechanical strain gradient/signal generation characteristics and distributed modal flexoelectric signals on the parabolic shell are investigated. The sensing signal under the open-circuit conditions is deduced, and the flexoelectric sensing signal and sensing characteristics of different modes are analyzed. The formulation of the flexoelectric neural sensing signal for the parabolic shell structure is provided and divided into two components: a circumferential bending component and a longitudinal bending component. In the case studies, the effects of design parameters such as flexoelectric sensor thickness, size, and aspect ratios are evaluated and compared. The analysis and results of this study offer a theoretical foundation and reference for refining the design parameters of the flexoelectric sensor and determining its optimal sensing position, and potentially paving the way for new applications of flexoelectric sensing technology.
{"title":"Modal signal analysis of parabolic shell structures with flexoelectric sensors","authors":"Jie Zhang, Mu Fan, Hornsen Tzou","doi":"10.1177/1045389x241230113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x241230113","url":null,"abstract":"The flexoelectric effect, garnering extensive attention in recent years, is an electro-mechanical coupled gradient effect that widely exists in dielectric materials and holds great potential for applications in structural sensing and actuation. The parabolic shell structure, characterized by line focusing, finds widespread use in key structural components such as solar trough collectors and communication antennas. Distributed sensing of the structural states of these parabolic shells is critical for vibration control, health monitoring, and shape control of precision structural systems. Therefore, flexoelectric sensing research based on parabolic shell structure has become an important topic. This study establishes a mathematical model for flexoelectric sensing in a parabolic shell with four-sided simply supported boundary conditions. The model is based on the direct flexoelectric effect, and thin shell assumption, and incorporates specific Lamé parameters and curvature radius. The electro-mechanical strain gradient/signal generation characteristics and distributed modal flexoelectric signals on the parabolic shell are investigated. The sensing signal under the open-circuit conditions is deduced, and the flexoelectric sensing signal and sensing characteristics of different modes are analyzed. The formulation of the flexoelectric neural sensing signal for the parabolic shell structure is provided and divided into two components: a circumferential bending component and a longitudinal bending component. In the case studies, the effects of design parameters such as flexoelectric sensor thickness, size, and aspect ratios are evaluated and compared. The analysis and results of this study offer a theoretical foundation and reference for refining the design parameters of the flexoelectric sensor and determining its optimal sensing position, and potentially paving the way for new applications of flexoelectric sensing technology.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231221129
Liangsheng Qiu, Linwei Li, Ashraf Ashour, Siqi Ding, Baoguo Han
Self-sensing concrete used in coating form for structural health monitoring of concrete structures has the merits of cost-effectiveness, offering protective effect on structural components, enabling electrical measurements unaffected by steel reinforcement and is also convenient to maintain and replace. This paper investigates the feasibility of using self-sensing cement mortar coating containing carbon nanotube-nano carbon black (CNT-NCB) composite fillers (CNCFs) for damage monitoring of concrete beams. The self-sensing cement mortar coated to concrete beams demonstrated outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity ranging from 18 to 85 Ω·cm). Under monotonic flexural loadings, self-sensing cement mortar coating with 1.8 vol.% CNCFs featured sensitive self-sensing performance in terms of capturing the initiation of vertical cracks at pure bending span of concrete beams, with fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reaching up to 60.6%. Moreover, FCR variations of self-sensing cement mortar coating exhibited good synchronization and stability with the variation of mid-span deflections of concrete beams during cyclic flexural loadings irrespective of the contents of CNCFs and cyclic amplitudes. Remarkably, it was found that FCR of cement mortar coating basically showed a progressive upward tendency, representing irreversible increase in the resistance during cyclic loading. The irreversible residual FCR indicated the crack occurrence and damage accumulation of concrete beams.
{"title":"Monitoring damage of concrete beams via self-sensing cement mortar coating with carbon nanotube-nano carbon black composite fillers","authors":"Liangsheng Qiu, Linwei Li, Ashraf Ashour, Siqi Ding, Baoguo Han","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231221129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231221129","url":null,"abstract":"Self-sensing concrete used in coating form for structural health monitoring of concrete structures has the merits of cost-effectiveness, offering protective effect on structural components, enabling electrical measurements unaffected by steel reinforcement and is also convenient to maintain and replace. This paper investigates the feasibility of using self-sensing cement mortar coating containing carbon nanotube-nano carbon black (CNT-NCB) composite fillers (CNCFs) for damage monitoring of concrete beams. The self-sensing cement mortar coated to concrete beams demonstrated outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity ranging from 18 to 85 Ω·cm). Under monotonic flexural loadings, self-sensing cement mortar coating with 1.8 vol.% CNCFs featured sensitive self-sensing performance in terms of capturing the initiation of vertical cracks at pure bending span of concrete beams, with fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reaching up to 60.6%. Moreover, FCR variations of self-sensing cement mortar coating exhibited good synchronization and stability with the variation of mid-span deflections of concrete beams during cyclic flexural loadings irrespective of the contents of CNCFs and cyclic amplitudes. Remarkably, it was found that FCR of cement mortar coating basically showed a progressive upward tendency, representing irreversible increase in the resistance during cyclic loading. The irreversible residual FCR indicated the crack occurrence and damage accumulation of concrete beams.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231221132
Xiaohui Sun, Shuli Fan, Chunguang Liu
Concrete is a highly heterogeneous construction material. Waves that propagate through concrete face significant reflection, scattering, and attenuation issues. Understanding the behavior of waves as they propagate through concrete and arrive at a sensor has generated much attention, especially for developing real-world field applications. In this study, a predictive model of attenuated P-wave propagation using Rayleigh damping is presented. The method used frequency excitations ranging from 20 to 200 kHz and smart aggregates (SAs) were embedded in a concrete specimen to excite and receive P-waves. Moreover, 10 distances were marked opposite the exciter at two propagation paths. In the simulations and experiments, signal processing methods were utilized to extract the first arrival packet for calculating amplitude attenuation. The P-wave damping coefficient was modeled using the multi-physical finite element method, and the results of the predictive model were compared with the experimental results. A discussion on the utilization of frequency-dependent attenuation coefficients was conducted to explore potential P-wave attenuation factors and their respective contributions to the overall attenuation. Numerical studies have demonstrated a strong correlation with the experiments when an appropriate level of material damping coefficient was considered. By enhancing the overall comprehension of the P-wave damping coefficient and attenuation characteristics within concrete, damage detection techniques based on P-waves can be improved.
混凝土是一种高度异质的建筑材料。波在混凝土中传播时会面临严重的反射、散射和衰减问题。了解波在混凝土中传播并到达传感器时的行为已引起广泛关注，尤其是在开发实际现场应用时。在本研究中，介绍了使用瑞利阻尼的衰减 P 波传播预测模型。该方法使用 20 至 200 kHz 的频率激励，并在混凝土试件中嵌入智能骨料（SA）以激励和接收 P 波。此外，在两条传播路径上的激励器对面标记了 10 个距离。在模拟和实验中，利用信号处理方法提取了第一个到达数据包，用于计算振幅衰减。使用多物理有限元方法建立了 P 波阻尼系数模型，并将预测模型的结果与实验结果进行了比较。对频率相关衰减系数的利用进行了讨论，以探索潜在的 P 波衰减因子及其各自对整体衰减的贡献。数值研究表明，当考虑到适当的材料阻尼系数水平时，数值研究与实验结果具有很强的相关性。通过加强对混凝土内部 P 波阻尼系数和衰减特性的整体理解，可以改进基于 P 波的损伤检测技术。
{"title":"Attenuation characteristics of concrete using smart aggregate transducers: Experiments and numerical simulations of P-wave propagation","authors":"Xiaohui Sun, Shuli Fan, Chunguang Liu","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231221132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231221132","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a highly heterogeneous construction material. Waves that propagate through concrete face significant reflection, scattering, and attenuation issues. Understanding the behavior of waves as they propagate through concrete and arrive at a sensor has generated much attention, especially for developing real-world field applications. In this study, a predictive model of attenuated P-wave propagation using Rayleigh damping is presented. The method used frequency excitations ranging from 20 to 200 kHz and smart aggregates (SAs) were embedded in a concrete specimen to excite and receive P-waves. Moreover, 10 distances were marked opposite the exciter at two propagation paths. In the simulations and experiments, signal processing methods were utilized to extract the first arrival packet for calculating amplitude attenuation. The P-wave damping coefficient was modeled using the multi-physical finite element method, and the results of the predictive model were compared with the experimental results. A discussion on the utilization of frequency-dependent attenuation coefficients was conducted to explore potential P-wave attenuation factors and their respective contributions to the overall attenuation. Numerical studies have demonstrated a strong correlation with the experiments when an appropriate level of material damping coefficient was considered. By enhancing the overall comprehension of the P-wave damping coefficient and attenuation characteristics within concrete, damage detection techniques based on P-waves can be improved.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231218336
Jian Yan, Longlei Dong
In order to describe and predict the damping force of the magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap, a more accurate damping force calculation model is proposed through theoretical modeling. Firstly, according to the working environment of the heavy vehicle, a magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap is designed in a limited installation space, which has the characteristics of large damping force and tensile damping force greater than compression damping force. Secondly, based on the Bingham model for theoretical modeling, the analytical solution of the pressure drop gradient of the radial damping gap is obtained, and then a theoretical model that can more effectively reflect the mechanical characteristics of the radial damping gap is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of the designed magnetorheological damper are tested, and the experimental results verify that the designed structure has a good magnetorheological effect. When the current is 3 A, the maximum damping force of the damper exceeds 16 kN. Finally, by comparing the simulation results of the theoretical model with the experimental results, the results show that the established mathematical model can describe the experimental results well. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the proposed model with two commonly used models.
为了描述和预测带径向阻尼间隙磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力，通过理论建模，提出了一种较为精确的阻尼力计算模型。首先，根据重型车辆的工作环境，在有限的安装空间内设计出具有径向阻尼间隙的磁流变阻尼器，该阻尼器具有阻尼力大、拉伸阻尼力大于压缩阻尼力的特点。其次，基于宾厄姆模型进行理论建模，得到了径向阻尼间隙压降梯度的解析解，进而提出了更能有效反映径向阻尼间隙力学特性的理论模型。对所设计的磁流变阻尼器的动态特性进行了测试，实验结果验证了所设计的结构具有良好的磁流变效果。当电流为 3 A 时，阻尼器的最大阻尼力超过 16 kN。最后，通过比较理论模型的模拟结果和实验结果，结果表明所建立的数学模型能很好地描述实验结果。通过将所提出的模型与两个常用模型进行比较，验证了理论模型的准确性。
{"title":"Design, theoretical modeling, and experimental analysis of a magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap","authors":"Jian Yan, Longlei Dong","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231218336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231218336","url":null,"abstract":"In order to describe and predict the damping force of the magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap, a more accurate damping force calculation model is proposed through theoretical modeling. Firstly, according to the working environment of the heavy vehicle, a magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap is designed in a limited installation space, which has the characteristics of large damping force and tensile damping force greater than compression damping force. Secondly, based on the Bingham model for theoretical modeling, the analytical solution of the pressure drop gradient of the radial damping gap is obtained, and then a theoretical model that can more effectively reflect the mechanical characteristics of the radial damping gap is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of the designed magnetorheological damper are tested, and the experimental results verify that the designed structure has a good magnetorheological effect. When the current is 3 A, the maximum damping force of the damper exceeds 16 kN. Finally, by comparing the simulation results of the theoretical model with the experimental results, the results show that the established mathematical model can describe the experimental results well. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the proposed model with two commonly used models.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231221129
Liangsheng Qiu, Linwei Li, Ashraf Ashour, Siqi Ding, Baoguo Han
Self-sensing concrete used in coating form for structural health monitoring of concrete structures has the merits of cost-effectiveness, offering protective effect on structural components, enabling electrical measurements unaffected by steel reinforcement and is also convenient to maintain and replace. This paper investigates the feasibility of using self-sensing cement mortar coating containing carbon nanotube-nano carbon black (CNT-NCB) composite fillers (CNCFs) for damage monitoring of concrete beams. The self-sensing cement mortar coated to concrete beams demonstrated outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity ranging from 18 to 85 Ω·cm). Under monotonic flexural loadings, self-sensing cement mortar coating with 1.8 vol.% CNCFs featured sensitive self-sensing performance in terms of capturing the initiation of vertical cracks at pure bending span of concrete beams, with fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reaching up to 60.6%. Moreover, FCR variations of self-sensing cement mortar coating exhibited good synchronization and stability with the variation of mid-span deflections of concrete beams during cyclic flexural loadings irrespective of the contents of CNCFs and cyclic amplitudes. Remarkably, it was found that FCR of cement mortar coating basically showed a progressive upward tendency, representing irreversible increase in the resistance during cyclic loading. The irreversible residual FCR indicated the crack occurrence and damage accumulation of concrete beams.
{"title":"Monitoring damage of concrete beams via self-sensing cement mortar coating with carbon nanotube-nano carbon black composite fillers","authors":"Liangsheng Qiu, Linwei Li, Ashraf Ashour, Siqi Ding, Baoguo Han","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231221129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231221129","url":null,"abstract":"Self-sensing concrete used in coating form for structural health monitoring of concrete structures has the merits of cost-effectiveness, offering protective effect on structural components, enabling electrical measurements unaffected by steel reinforcement and is also convenient to maintain and replace. This paper investigates the feasibility of using self-sensing cement mortar coating containing carbon nanotube-nano carbon black (CNT-NCB) composite fillers (CNCFs) for damage monitoring of concrete beams. The self-sensing cement mortar coated to concrete beams demonstrated outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity ranging from 18 to 85 Ω·cm). Under monotonic flexural loadings, self-sensing cement mortar coating with 1.8 vol.% CNCFs featured sensitive self-sensing performance in terms of capturing the initiation of vertical cracks at pure bending span of concrete beams, with fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reaching up to 60.6%. Moreover, FCR variations of self-sensing cement mortar coating exhibited good synchronization and stability with the variation of mid-span deflections of concrete beams during cyclic flexural loadings irrespective of the contents of CNCFs and cyclic amplitudes. Remarkably, it was found that FCR of cement mortar coating basically showed a progressive upward tendency, representing irreversible increase in the resistance during cyclic loading. The irreversible residual FCR indicated the crack occurrence and damage accumulation of concrete beams.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231218336
Jian Yan, Longlei Dong
In order to describe and predict the damping force of the magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap, a more accurate damping force calculation model is proposed through theoretical modeling. Firstly, according to the working environment of the heavy vehicle, a magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap is designed in a limited installation space, which has the characteristics of large damping force and tensile damping force greater than compression damping force. Secondly, based on the Bingham model for theoretical modeling, the analytical solution of the pressure drop gradient of the radial damping gap is obtained, and then a theoretical model that can more effectively reflect the mechanical characteristics of the radial damping gap is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of the designed magnetorheological damper are tested, and the experimental results verify that the designed structure has a good magnetorheological effect. When the current is 3 A, the maximum damping force of the damper exceeds 16 kN. Finally, by comparing the simulation results of the theoretical model with the experimental results, the results show that the established mathematical model can describe the experimental results well. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the proposed model with two commonly used models.
为了描述和预测带径向阻尼间隙磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力，通过理论建模，提出了一种较为精确的阻尼力计算模型。首先，根据重型车辆的工作环境，在有限的安装空间内设计出具有径向阻尼间隙的磁流变阻尼器，该阻尼器具有阻尼力大、拉伸阻尼力大于压缩阻尼力的特点。其次，基于宾厄姆模型进行理论建模，得到了径向阻尼间隙压降梯度的解析解，进而提出了更能有效反映径向阻尼间隙力学特性的理论模型。对所设计的磁流变阻尼器的动态特性进行了测试，实验结果验证了所设计的结构具有良好的磁流变效果。当电流为 3 A 时，阻尼器的最大阻尼力超过 16 kN。最后，通过比较理论模型的模拟结果和实验结果，结果表明所建立的数学模型能很好地描述实验结果。通过将所提出的模型与两个常用模型进行比较，验证了理论模型的准确性。
{"title":"Design, theoretical modeling, and experimental analysis of a magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap","authors":"Jian Yan, Longlei Dong","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231218336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231218336","url":null,"abstract":"In order to describe and predict the damping force of the magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap, a more accurate damping force calculation model is proposed through theoretical modeling. Firstly, according to the working environment of the heavy vehicle, a magnetorheological damper with radial damping gap is designed in a limited installation space, which has the characteristics of large damping force and tensile damping force greater than compression damping force. Secondly, based on the Bingham model for theoretical modeling, the analytical solution of the pressure drop gradient of the radial damping gap is obtained, and then a theoretical model that can more effectively reflect the mechanical characteristics of the radial damping gap is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of the designed magnetorheological damper are tested, and the experimental results verify that the designed structure has a good magnetorheological effect. When the current is 3 A, the maximum damping force of the damper exceeds 16 kN. Finally, by comparing the simulation results of the theoretical model with the experimental results, the results show that the established mathematical model can describe the experimental results well. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the proposed model with two commonly used models.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231220796
Zhuqiang Li, Benyuan Fu, Changrong Liao
Magnetorheological (MR) energy absorbers (MREAs) have been extensively investigated as a means of dissipating impact energy and decreasing injury as well as used in a wide range of applications. When applied as an accidental collision buffer, however, problems can arise owing to the inertia of the sudden impact. In this study, a novel MREA with a gradient resistance gap structure working in a wedge-shaped squeeze flow model of a high-viscosity linear polysiloxane-based MR fluid was developed. The MREA has a continuously changing working gap and internal magnetic flux density gradient distribution representing a wedge-shaped structure. A Power-Law model inclusive of fluid minor losses (PLM)- of the damping force of an MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance gap was built to study the impact behavior. A second model also considered the effects of inertia (PLMI). The wedge angle was defined to quantitatively and comprehensively characterize the effects of the wedge-shaped resistance gap because of its significant influence on the dynamic characteristics. Two MREAs with wedge-shaped and equidistant working gaps were fabricated and tested using a drop tower facility with a mass of 600 kg. The experimental results show that the maximum damping force of the MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance working gap reached to as high as 235.8 kN and the dynamic range is increased by 6.5% compared to that with an equidistant working gap. The relative errors of the peak force for impact velocities between 2.8 and 4.2 m s−1 with no applied current were 1.84%–3.67% (PLM) and 0.63%–1.91% (PLMI), and with 3 A applied current were 2.35%–4.99% (PLM), and 1.24%–2.72% (PLMI), demonstrating that the PLMI-based model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behavior of the MREA.
{"title":"Impact behavior of a novel magnetorheological energy absorber based on wedge-shaped squeeze flow model","authors":"Zhuqiang Li, Benyuan Fu, Changrong Liao","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231220796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231220796","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorheological (MR) energy absorbers (MREAs) have been extensively investigated as a means of dissipating impact energy and decreasing injury as well as used in a wide range of applications. When applied as an accidental collision buffer, however, problems can arise owing to the inertia of the sudden impact. In this study, a novel MREA with a gradient resistance gap structure working in a wedge-shaped squeeze flow model of a high-viscosity linear polysiloxane-based MR fluid was developed. The MREA has a continuously changing working gap and internal magnetic flux density gradient distribution representing a wedge-shaped structure. A Power-Law model inclusive of fluid minor losses (PLM)- of the damping force of an MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance gap was built to study the impact behavior. A second model also considered the effects of inertia (PLMI). The wedge angle was defined to quantitatively and comprehensively characterize the effects of the wedge-shaped resistance gap because of its significant influence on the dynamic characteristics. Two MREAs with wedge-shaped and equidistant working gaps were fabricated and tested using a drop tower facility with a mass of 600 kg. The experimental results show that the maximum damping force of the MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance working gap reached to as high as 235.8 kN and the dynamic range is increased by 6.5% compared to that with an equidistant working gap. The relative errors of the peak force for impact velocities between 2.8 and 4.2 m s−1 with no applied current were 1.84%–3.67% (PLM) and 0.63%–1.91% (PLMI), and with 3 A applied current were 2.35%–4.99% (PLM), and 1.24%–2.72% (PLMI), demonstrating that the PLMI-based model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behavior of the MREA.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231220796
Zhuqiang Li, Benyuan Fu, Changrong Liao
Magnetorheological (MR) energy absorbers (MREAs) have been extensively investigated as a means of dissipating impact energy and decreasing injury as well as used in a wide range of applications. When applied as an accidental collision buffer, however, problems can arise owing to the inertia of the sudden impact. In this study, a novel MREA with a gradient resistance gap structure working in a wedge-shaped squeeze flow model of a high-viscosity linear polysiloxane-based MR fluid was developed. The MREA has a continuously changing working gap and internal magnetic flux density gradient distribution representing a wedge-shaped structure. A Power-Law model inclusive of fluid minor losses (PLM)- of the damping force of an MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance gap was built to study the impact behavior. A second model also considered the effects of inertia (PLMI). The wedge angle was defined to quantitatively and comprehensively characterize the effects of the wedge-shaped resistance gap because of its significant influence on the dynamic characteristics. Two MREAs with wedge-shaped and equidistant working gaps were fabricated and tested using a drop tower facility with a mass of 600 kg. The experimental results show that the maximum damping force of the MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance working gap reached to as high as 235.8 kN and the dynamic range is increased by 6.5% compared to that with an equidistant working gap. The relative errors of the peak force for impact velocities between 2.8 and 4.2 m s−1 with no applied current were 1.84%–3.67% (PLM) and 0.63%–1.91% (PLMI), and with 3 A applied current were 2.35%–4.99% (PLM), and 1.24%–2.72% (PLMI), demonstrating that the PLMI-based model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behavior of the MREA.
{"title":"Impact behavior of a novel magnetorheological energy absorber based on wedge-shaped squeeze flow model","authors":"Zhuqiang Li, Benyuan Fu, Changrong Liao","doi":"10.1177/1045389x231220796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x231220796","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorheological (MR) energy absorbers (MREAs) have been extensively investigated as a means of dissipating impact energy and decreasing injury as well as used in a wide range of applications. When applied as an accidental collision buffer, however, problems can arise owing to the inertia of the sudden impact. In this study, a novel MREA with a gradient resistance gap structure working in a wedge-shaped squeeze flow model of a high-viscosity linear polysiloxane-based MR fluid was developed. The MREA has a continuously changing working gap and internal magnetic flux density gradient distribution representing a wedge-shaped structure. A Power-Law model inclusive of fluid minor losses (PLM)- of the damping force of an MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance gap was built to study the impact behavior. A second model also considered the effects of inertia (PLMI). The wedge angle was defined to quantitatively and comprehensively characterize the effects of the wedge-shaped resistance gap because of its significant influence on the dynamic characteristics. Two MREAs with wedge-shaped and equidistant working gaps were fabricated and tested using a drop tower facility with a mass of 600 kg. The experimental results show that the maximum damping force of the MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance working gap reached to as high as 235.8 kN and the dynamic range is increased by 6.5% compared to that with an equidistant working gap. The relative errors of the peak force for impact velocities between 2.8 and 4.2 m s−1 with no applied current were 1.84%–3.67% (PLM) and 0.63%–1.91% (PLMI), and with 3 A applied current were 2.35%–4.99% (PLM), and 1.24%–2.72% (PLMI), demonstrating that the PLMI-based model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behavior of the MREA.","PeriodicalId":16121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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