Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures最新文献_第8页

Modeling and design of magnetorheological elastomer isolator system for an active control solution to reduce the vibration transmission in elevator context 基于主动控制方案的磁流变弹性体隔振系统建模与设计

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231188608

Aitor Erenchun, L. Kari, B. Blanco, Bochao Wang, L. Irazu, N. Gil-Negrete

The attenuation of the structure-borne sound caused by elevator systems in residential buildings is a priority for manufacturers. This work develops a model of an active control isolation system for the vibrations produced by the elevator drive machine. This solution proposes the substitution of conventional passive isolators by new ones made of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), a smart material whose modulus can be modified by applying a magnetic field. To guide the design process, MRE isolators are fabricated and experimentally tested statically and dynamically in compression mode. Subsequently, the parameters of the MRE are fitted to build a nonlinear material sub-model that accounts for the frequency, amplitude, and magnetic field dependency. Afterward, a global model of the elevator drive machine vibration isolation system is developed, which incorporates the drive machine, structure, and MRE-based isolator. To enhance vibration isolation, two active control strategies are designed and assessed. Simulation results predict that active control systems based on MRE isolators improve vibration isolation as compared to traditional passive systems. The excitation amplitude and frequency, along with the control strategy and magnetization of the MRE isolators are shown to be critical parameters when designing an active control solution.

住宅建筑中电梯系统引起的结构声衰减是制造商优先考虑的问题。本工作建立了一个主动控制隔离系统的模型，用于电梯驱动机器产生的振动。该方案提出用磁流变弹性体(MRE)制成的新型隔离器取代传统的被动隔离器，磁流变弹性体是一种智能材料，其模量可以通过施加磁场来改变。为了指导设计过程，制作了MRE隔振器，并在压缩模式下进行了静态和动态试验。随后，对MRE参数进行拟合，建立考虑频率、幅值和磁场依赖关系的非线性材料子模型。然后，建立了包含驱动机构、结构和基于mre的隔振器的电梯驱动机隔振系统全局模型。为了提高隔振性能，设计并评估了两种主动控制策略。仿真结果表明，与传统的被动控制系统相比，基于MRE隔振器的主动控制系统具有更好的隔振性能。在设计主动控制方案时，励磁幅值和频率、控制策略和磁隔离器的磁化强度是关键参数。

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引用次数: 0

Validation and optimization of two models for the magnetic restoring forces using a multi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester. 利用多稳定压电能量收集器验证和优化磁恢复力的两个模型。

IF 2.4 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1045389X221151064

Haining Li, Kefu Liu, Jian Deng, Bing Li

This article presents a tunable multi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester. The apparatus consists of a stationary magnet and a cantilever beam whose free end is attached by an assembly of two cylindrical magnets that can be moved along the beam and a small cylindrical magnet that is fixed at the beam tip. By varying two parameters, the system can assume three stability states: tri-stable, bi-stable, and mono-stable, respectively. The developed apparatus is used to validate two models for the magnetic restoring force: the equivalent magnetic point dipole approach and the equivalent magnetic 2-point dipole approach. The study focuses on comparing the accuracy of the two models for a wide range of the tuning parameters. The restoring forces of the apparatus are determined dynamically and compared with their analytical counterparts based on each of the models. To improve the model accuracy, a model optimization is carried out by using the multi-population genetic algorithm. With the optimum models, the parametric sensitivity of each of the models is investigated. The stability state region is generated by using the optimum second model.

本文介绍了一种可调多稳压电能量收集器。该装置由一块固定磁铁和一根悬臂梁组成，悬臂梁的自由端由两块可沿悬臂梁移动的圆柱形磁铁和一块固定在悬臂梁顶端的小圆柱形磁铁组成。通过改变两个参数，系统可呈现三种稳定状态：三稳定、双稳定和单稳定。开发的仪器用于验证两种磁恢复力模型：等效磁点偶极子方法和等效磁两点偶极子方法。研究的重点是比较这两种模型在宽调谐参数范围内的准确性。仪器的恢复力是动态确定的，并与基于每种模型的分析结果进行比较。为了提高模型的准确性，使用多群体遗传算法对模型进行了优化。利用最优模型，对每个模型的参数敏感性进行了研究。使用最优的第二个模型生成稳定状态区域。

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引用次数: 0

Design optimization and experimental evaluation of a large capacity magnetorheological damper with annular and radial fluid gaps. 带环空和径向液隙的大容量磁流变阻尼器设计优化及实验评价。

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/1045389X221151075

Moustafa Abdalaziz, Ramin Sedaghati, Hossein Vatandoost

This paper presents an optimal design of a large-capacity Magnetorheological (MR) damper suitable for off-road vehicle applications. The damper includes an MR fluid bypass valve with both annular and radial gaps to generate a large damping force and dynamic range. An analytical model of the proposed damper is formulated based on the Bingham plastic model of MR fluids. To establish a relationship between the applied current and magnetic flux density in the MR fluid active regions, an analytical magnetic circuit is formulated and further compared with a magnetic finite element model. The MR valve geometrical parameters are subsequently optimized to maximize the damper dynamic range under specific volume and magnetic field constraints. The optimized MR valve can theoretically generate off-state and on-state damping forces of 1.1 and 7.41 kN, respectively at 12.5 mm/s damper piston velocity. The proposed damper has been also designed to allow a large piston stroke of 180 mm. The proof-of-concept of the optimally designed MR damper was subsequently fabricated and experimentally characterized to investigate its performance and validate the models. The results show that the proposed MR damper is able to provide large damping forces with a high dynamic range under different excitation conditions.

提出了一种适用于越野车辆的大容量磁流变阻尼器的优化设计方法。阻尼器包括一个磁流变液旁通阀，具有环空和径向间隙，以产生大的阻尼力和动态范围。基于MR流体的Bingham塑性模型，建立了该阻尼器的解析模型。为了建立磁流变液活动区的外加电流与磁通密度之间的关系，建立了解析磁路，并与磁有限元模型进行了比较。随后对磁流变阀几何参数进行优化，使阻尼器在特定体积和磁场约束下的动态范围最大化。优化后的磁流变阀在阻尼活塞速度为12.5 mm/s时，理论上能分别产生1.1 kN和7.41 kN的非稳态和稳态阻尼力。所提出的阻尼器也被设计为允许180毫米的大活塞行程。随后制作了优化设计的MR阻尼器的概念验证，并进行了实验表征，以研究其性能并验证模型。结果表明，在不同的激励条件下，所提出的磁流变阻尼器能够提供大的阻尼力和高的动态范围。

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引用次数: 0

Broadband energy harvesting in a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system without internal resonance 无内共振二自由度非线性系统的宽带能量收集

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231189443

Xiao-Fang Zhang, Le Yang, Wen-an Jiang, X. Jing, Liqun Chen

In this paper, we propose a novel two-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) nonlinear energy harvester without internal resonance to realize broadband harvesting characteristic. To show the performance, a TDOF nonlinear electromagnetic harvester is designed. The electromechanical coupling system is established and solved by adopting the harmonic balance method. The modulation equations are constructed, the first-order harmonic solutions of the system are obtained and the frequency response curves of the displacement and current are plotted. The advantage of the proposed harvester is compared to the conventional single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) nonlinear model and the corresponding TDOF linear system, the results achieve that the proposed scheme can enhance the bandwidth of the harvesting energy. Furthermore, the influences of system parameters on the response are discussed. The accuracy of the first-order harmonic results is revealed by numerical simulations. To further demonstrate the accuracy of analytical solutions, the finite element simulation is constructed in ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software. The performance predictions from the analytical solutions are compared with results from FEA. It is convincingly demonstrated that periodic solutions have a degree of good consistency for the behavior of frequency response curves.

本文提出了一种新型的无内共振的二自由度非线性能量采集器，以实现宽带采集特性。为验证其性能，设计了TDOF非线性电磁采集器。建立了机电耦合系统，采用谐波平衡法求解。建立了系统的调制方程，得到了系统的一阶谐波解，并绘制了位移和电流的频率响应曲线。与传统的单自由度(SDOF)非线性模型和相应的TDOF线性系统进行了比较，结果表明所提出的方案可以提高能量收集的带宽。进一步讨论了系统参数对响应的影响。数值模拟表明了一阶谐波结果的准确性。为了进一步验证解析解的准确性，在ANSYS有限元分析(FEA)软件中进行了有限元仿真。将解析解的性能预测与有限元结果进行了比较。令人信服地证明了周期解对频率响应曲线的行为具有良好的一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Time-harmonic loading over a piezoelectric layered half-space 压电层状半空间上的时谐载荷

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231188604

S. Nirwal, Chih‐Ping Lin, Q. K. Tran, E. Pan

Mathematical modeling of multilayered piezoelectric (PE) ceramic substantially acquires attention due to its distinctive advantages of fast response time, positioning, optical systems, vibration feedback, and sensors, such as deformation and vibration control. As such, fundamental solution of a PE structure is essential. This paper presents three-dimensional (3D) static and dynamic solutions (i.e. Green’s functions) in a multilayered transversally isotropic (TI) PE layered half-space. The uniform vertical mechanical load, vertical electrical displacement, and horizontal mechanical load are applied on the surface of the structure. The novel Fourier-Bessel series (FBS) system of vector functions (which is computationally more powerful and streamlined) and the dual-variable and position (DVP) method are employed to solve the related boundary-value problem. Two systems of first-order ordinary differential equations (i.e. the LM- and N-types) are obtained in terms of the FBS system of vector functions, with these expansion coefficients being the Love numbers. A recursive relation for the expansion coefficients is established by using DVP method that facilitates the combination of two neighboring layers into a new one and minimizes the computational effort to a great extent. The corresponding physical-domain solutions are acquired by applying the appropriate boundary/interface conditions. Several numerical examples pertaining to static and dynamic response are solved, and the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed solutions are validated with the existing results for the reduced cases. The solutions provided could be beneficial to better developments of PE materials, configurations, fabrication, and applications in the future.

多层压电陶瓷的数学建模由于其快速响应、定位、光学系统、振动反馈以及变形和振动控制等传感器的独特优势而备受关注。因此，PE结构的基本解决方案至关重要。本文给出了多层横向各向同性(TI) PE层状半空间中的三维(3D)静态和动态解(即格林函数)。均匀垂直机械荷载、垂直电位移和水平机械荷载作用于结构表面。采用计算能力更强、更精简的新型傅里叶-贝塞尔级数(FBS)矢量函数系统和双变量位置(DVP)方法求解相关的边值问题。用向量函数的FBS系统得到了两个一阶常微分方程系统(即LM-型和n型)，这些展开系数为Love数。采用DVP方法建立了展开系数的递归关系，使相邻两层合并成一个新的层，极大地减少了计算量。通过应用适当的边界/界面条件，得到相应的物理域解。通过对静态和动态响应的数值算例进行求解，并与已有的简化情况下的结果验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。提供的解决方案可能有助于PE材料、配置、制造和应用的更好发展。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and performance analysis of a curve-shaped based doubly clamped piezoelectric energy harvester (CD-PEH) 曲线型双钳位压电能量采集器(CD-PEH)建模与性能分析

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231181493

Xiaoyu Chen, Xuhui Zhang, Yan Guo, Fulin Zhu

In this paper, a curve-shaped based doubly clamped piezoelectric energy harvester (CD-PEH) is explored for improving the energy harvesting performance. The harvester consists of a composed beam constructed with two arc-shaped structures and a flat beam, as well as two proof masses. A method based on chained beam constraint model theory (CBCM) is first applied to build the nonlinear restoring force model of the CD-PEH, the developed analytical model is validated by the finite element analysis (FEA). Then the electromechanically coupled model for the CD-PEH is built to investigate the effect of excitation amplitudes, geometric parameters and load resistance on the output characteristics. Due to the geometric nonlinearity caused by the arc-shaped configuration, the CD-PEH orderly exhibits quasi-linear, softening nonlinear and mixed hardening & softening nonlinearity behavior with the increasing of excitation level, which could effectively extend the frequency bandwidth of the system. For the excitation of A = 8 m/s2, the effective working bandwidth of the CD-PEH is increased by 633% compared with the effective bandwidth in the case of A = 2 m/s2. Moreover, comparison experiments demonstrate that the output voltage and the effective bandwidth are increased by 225 and 450%, respectively, compared with the typical doubly-clamped piezoelectric energy harvester (T-PEH) under the same excitation amplitude. Overall, this study provides a new way and theoretical framework for the design of high-efficiency doubly clamped piezoelectric energy harvester.

本文研究了一种基于曲线型双钳位压电能量采集器(CD-PEH)以提高能量采集性能。收割机由一个由两个弧形结构和一个平梁构成的组合梁以及两个证明质量组成。采用基于链梁约束模型理论(CBCM)的方法建立了CD-PEH的非线性恢复力模型，并通过有限元分析(FEA)对所建立的解析模型进行了验证。建立了CD-PEH的机电耦合模型，研究了激励幅值、几何参数和负载电阻对输出特性的影响。由于圆弧结构引起的几何非线性，CD-PEH随着激励水平的增加，有序地表现出准线性、软化非线性和硬化与软化混合非线性的行为，可以有效地延长系统的带宽。当激励A = 8 m/s2时，CD-PEH的有效工作带宽比激励A = 2 m/s2时提高了633%。对比实验表明，在相同激励幅值下，与典型的双钳位压电能量采集器(T-PEH)相比，输出电压和有效带宽分别提高了225和450%。本研究为高效双钳位压电能量采集器的设计提供了新的思路和理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

Unimorph based sensor modelling and rheological assessment of fluidic media using frequency response of improved sensor design 基于单形的传感器建模和基于改进传感器设计的频率响应的流体介质流变评估

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231188165

Shivanku Chauhan, M. Z. Ansari

This work presents a hassle-free rheological assessment of fluidic media using the frequency response of a self-sensing and self-actuating piezoelectric cantilever sensor. Firstly, an analytical modelling approach for a unimorph-based cantilever sensor is derived and validated. Afterwards, the sensing performance of a rectangular cantilever sensor is improved by modifying its profile to a stepped shape. Frequency response parameters of the cantilever sensors are tracked in vacuum as well as in water, glycerin and varying concentration glycerin solution. These parameters are used to develop the calibration curves for the density and viscosity assessment of the water-glycerin solutions. The calculated density and viscosity utilizing the cantilever sensors are in good agreement with the respective values given by the standard instruments. This implies that the presented sensors can be successfully used for density and viscosity measurement of range 1000–1270 kg/m3 and 12.82–41.35 cP, respectively. The presented method is capable to simultaneously estimate the density and viscosity of the fluidic media without fully immersing the sensor in that media, which can tackle many operational troubles.

这项工作提出了一个无麻烦的流体介质流变评估使用的频率响应的自传感和自致动压电悬臂式传感器。首先，推导并验证了基于均匀型悬臂传感器的解析建模方法。然后，通过将矩形悬臂梁传感器的轮廓修改为阶梯形状，提高了传感器的传感性能。悬臂式传感器的频率响应参数在真空中以及在水、甘油和不同浓度的甘油溶液中被跟踪。这些参数用于开发水-甘油溶液的密度和粘度评估的校准曲线。利用悬臂式传感器计算得到的密度和粘度与标准仪器给出的数值吻合良好。这意味着所提出的传感器可以成功地用于密度和粘度测量范围分别为1000-1270 kg/m3和12.82-41.35 cP。该方法能够同时估计流体介质的密度和粘度，而无需将传感器完全浸入流体介质中，从而解决了许多操作问题。

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引用次数: 0

A novel traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor with piezoelectric backup function 一种具有压电后备功能的新型行波旋转超声电机

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231187484

L. Yang, Xiaobin Hu, Mojian Yang, Yongjie Huan, Weihao Ren, Yue Xiong, Huafeng Li

To fulfill high-reliability requirements for aerospace applications, a novel traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor with a piezoelectric backup function (Backup motor) is proposed in this paper. The backup function is enabled by the addition of a set of piezoelectric ceramics (PZT). Based on the ultrasonic motor of the CSX-60, a cantilever-tooth backup motor (CTBM) is designed and fabricated. This backup motor can operate in three working modes according to the excitation settings of PZTs, namely normal mode, backup mode, and enhanced mode. The relationships between three working modes’ performances are analyzed by finite element (FE) analysis and prototype tests. The results show that backup mode, as the substitution, can nearly reach normal mode’s performance, while enhanced mode is obviously higher than others. Furthermore, a modified backup motor with straight-tooth (STBM) and different sizes of PZT is designed and tested as a supplement to verify the feasibility of the proposal. In addition, the effect of stress reduction on PZT damage is verified by extreme working experiments. The comparison between the two types of motors indicates that STBM can provide better frictional drive performance. This proposal can provide a new reference for the subsequent reliability study of ultrasonic motors.

为了满足航空航天应用的高可靠性要求，提出了一种具有压电备份功能的行波旋转超声电机(后备电机)。备份功能是通过添加一组压电陶瓷(PZT)来实现的。在CSX-60超声电机的基础上，设计并制造了一种悬臂齿后备电机。根据压电陶瓷的励磁设置，该备用电机可以在正常模式、备用模式和增强模式三种工作模式下工作。通过有限元分析和样机试验，分析了三种工作模式性能之间的关系。结果表明，备份模式作为替代，可以接近正常模式的性能，而增强模式的性能明显高于其他模式。此外，还设计了一种带有直齿(STBM)和不同尺寸PZT的改进备用电机作为补充，并进行了测试，以验证该方案的可行性。此外，通过极限工作实验验证了应力降低对压电陶瓷损伤的影响。两种电机的比较表明，STBM可以提供更好的摩擦驱动性能。该方案可为后续超声电机可靠性研究提供新的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and semi-active control performance analysis of MRE isolator based on BPNN optimized by GA using different evaluation indexes 基于遗传算法优化的BPNN隔振器建模及半主动控制性能分析

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231178209

Huixing Wang, X. Huang, Tao Liu, Jionglu Wang

The utilization of isolation systems employing Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) devices holds significant promise for structural vibration applications due to their customizable stiffness and damping characteristics. However, the nonlinear dynamics inherent in MRE isolators present formidable obstacles for the establishment of accurate models and development of effective control strategies for practical implementation. In this work, the dynamic properties of a self-made MRE isolator under different loading conditions are tested and analyzed. Then the nonparametric forward model and inverse model of MRE isolator based on BPNN (back propagation neural network) are established respectively, and the GA (genetic algorithm) is used to optimize the neural structure of BPNN. The precision and accuracy of the forward and inverse model is verified by comparing the predicted and experimental data. Simulation and experimental results show that the BPNN optimized by GA can efficiently and accurately model the nonlinear behavior of MRE isolators. Based on this, we take an eight-story shear frame building based on the proposed MRE vibration isolator model as the research object and numerically studied the vibration suppression effect under the control of three typical control algorithms, that is, LQR, FC, and FC-PID. In the process of evaluating the effect of vibration isolation control, in addition to utilizing the traditional displacement amplitude, layer distance and acceleration as evaluation indexes, we also propose a new comprehensive evaluation index which has weighting coefficients and considers the input cost. It is shown that the newly proposed comprehensive index can more conveniently compare the advantages and disadvantages of different control algorithms, and the fuzzy PID is the most suitable among the three control algorithms.

采用磁流变弹性体(MRE)装置的隔离系统由于其可定制的刚度和阻尼特性，在结构振动应用中具有重要的前景。然而，MRE隔离器固有的非线性动力学特性给建立精确的模型和制定有效的控制策略带来了巨大的障碍。本文对自制的MRE隔振器在不同加载条件下的动态特性进行了测试和分析。然后分别建立了基于BPNN (back propagation neural network)的MRE隔离器的非参数正演模型和反演模型，并利用遗传算法对BPNN的神经结构进行优化。通过对比预测数据和实验数据，验证了正、逆模型的精度和准确性。仿真和实验结果表明，遗传算法优化后的bp神经网络能够高效、准确地模拟多磁隔离器的非线性行为。在此基础上，以基于所提出的MRE隔振模型的八层剪力框架建筑为研究对象，数值研究了LQR、FC和FC- pid三种典型控制算法控制下的减振效果。在对隔振控制效果进行评价的过程中，除了采用传统的位移幅值、层距和加速度作为评价指标外，还提出了一种考虑投入成本的具有加权系数的综合评价指标。结果表明，新提出的综合指标可以更方便地比较不同控制算法的优缺点，模糊PID是三种控制算法中最合适的。

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引用次数: 0

Design and optimization of a new flow-mode magnetorheological mount with compact structure and extended workable force 一种结构紧凑、工作力大的新型流型磁流变支架的设计与优化

IF 2.7 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231185256

Y. Shiao, Tan-Linh Huynh

Magnetorheological-fluid-based mount (MR mount) is a useful type of semi-active vibration control device that is extensively used in automotive, construction, and medical applications. However, these applications are usually limited by the workable force range of the MR mount. This paper proposed a new design of MR mount using multiple magnetic poles based on a compact valve structure. Then, a three-step optimization process with evaluation is applied into this mount design to find out the optimal mount design through a cost function damping-force-to-volume ratio (DFVR). Simulation results showed that this proposed MR mount obtained an excellent DFVR of 3.23×107 N m−3, which is significantly higher than those of other MR mounts. According to the high DFVR of this MR mount, it is obvious that this MR mount has compact structure and dimension, and high workable force. The proposed MR mount has strong potential for its utility in commercial applications.

基于磁流变液的安装(MR安装)是一种有用的半主动振动控制装置，广泛用于汽车，建筑和医疗应用。然而，这些应用通常受到磁流变支架工作力范围的限制。本文提出了一种基于紧凑型阀结构的多磁极磁流变支架的设计方法。然后，将带有评价的三步优化过程应用到该悬置设计中，通过成本函数阻尼力体积比(DFVR)找出最优的悬置设计。仿真结果表明，该磁振架的DFVR值为3.23×107 N m−3，显著高于其他磁振架。根据该磁流变支架的高DFVR，可以明显看出该磁流变支架结构紧凑，尺寸小，工作力高。所提出的磁流变支架在商业应用方面具有很强的潜力。

引用次数: 0