Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12014
Sathi Sharma
The accurate information regarding the β-decay half-life, feeding pattern from the neutron-rich nuclei have utmost importance in the field of nuclear waste management from the fission reactors as well as correct understanding about the r-process nucleosynthesis in stellar sites. The low capture cross-section measurements are also considered as major task by experimental nuclear astrophysicists. These kinds of measurements are really difficult with conventional high-resolution gamma spectroscopy techniques due to less efficiency of the detectors. For this purpose, we have an almost 4π γ-summing NaI(Tl) spectrometer at SINP, Kolkata. It is basically a cylindrical shaped detector with six sectors of NaI(Tl) crystals read by 6 photomultiplier tubes (PMT) at one end. The detailed characterization of the spectrometer via experiment using laboratory standard sources and GEANT4 simulation model to interpret all the interesting properties will be presented here in this paper.
{"title":"Characterization study of NaI(Tl) γ-summing spectrometer","authors":"Sathi Sharma","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12014","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate information regarding the β-decay half-life, feeding pattern from the neutron-rich nuclei have utmost importance in the field of nuclear waste management from the fission reactors as well as correct understanding about the r-process nucleosynthesis in stellar sites. The low capture cross-section measurements are also considered as major task by experimental nuclear astrophysicists. These kinds of measurements are really difficult with conventional high-resolution gamma spectroscopy techniques due to less efficiency of the detectors. For this purpose, we have an almost 4π γ-summing NaI(Tl) spectrometer at SINP, Kolkata. It is basically a cylindrical shaped detector with six sectors of NaI(Tl) crystals read by 6 photomultiplier tubes (PMT) at one end. The detailed characterization of the spectrometer via experiment using laboratory standard sources and GEANT4 simulation model to interpret all the interesting properties will be presented here in this paper.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"136 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12010
K. Muraoka
This article is divided into two parts; namely, the first part describes how the series of Laser-aided plasma diagnostics (LAPD) symposia was conceived and has gradually evolved into the present form during the past four decades, and the second part shows the main focus of the meetings to gradually converge into the `cross-fertilizations' with other fields of science and engineering as the raison d'etre of the LAPD symposia, which is explained using outputs of mainly from the author's group. It is the author's hope that the next/coming generation will deepen the above second part for the future LAPD symposia to flourish further by eye-opening new developments.
{"title":"Forty years (1983–2023) with LAPD and for its future evolution","authors":"K. Muraoka","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12010","url":null,"abstract":"This article is divided into two parts; namely, the first part describes how the series of Laser-aided plasma diagnostics (LAPD) symposia was conceived and has gradually evolved into the present form during the past four decades, and the second part shows the main focus of the meetings to gradually converge into the `cross-fertilizations' with other fields of science and engineering as the raison d'etre of the LAPD symposia, which is explained using outputs of mainly from the author's group. It is the author's hope that the next/coming generation will deepen the above second part for the future LAPD symposia to flourish further by eye-opening new developments.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12012
H. Shen, T. Sakamoto, M. Serino, N. Ogino, M. Arimoto
X-ray observation covering a wide field of view with high sensitivity is essential in searching for an electromagnetic counterpart of gravitational wave events. A lobster-eye optics (LEO) and a large area CMOS sensor are effective instruments to achieve this goal. Furthermore, thanks to the light weight of LEO, it can be installed on a small platform such as a CubeSat. However, the real-time identification of X-ray events is challenging with restricted resources on space. Therefore, we trained a image recognition network utilizing one of the machine learning models of convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, we use this network to identify X-ray events in the image taken from a CMOS sensor. Moreover, we use a Sony single-board computer, Spresense, that provides ultra-low power consumption and supports machine learning libraries for the process. This paper introduces our machine learning-based X-ray event selection process that is targeted for use on a CubeSat.
在寻找引力波事件的电磁对应体时，覆盖范围广、灵敏度高的 X 射线观测至关重要。龙虾眼光学系统（LEO）和大面积 CMOS 传感器是实现这一目标的有效仪器。此外，由于 LEO 重量轻，可以安装在立方体卫星等小型平台上。然而，由于空间资源有限，实时识别 X 射线事件具有挑战性。因此，我们利用卷积神经网络（CNN）的一种机器学习模型训练了一个图像识别网络。然后，我们使用该网络来识别 CMOS 传感器图像中的 X 射线事件。此外，我们还使用了索尼公司的单板计算机 Spresense，它具有超低功耗，并支持机器学习库。本文介绍了我们基于机器学习的 X 射线事件选择过程，该过程将在立方体卫星上使用。
{"title":"Application of the grade selection of X-ray events using machine learning for a CubeSat mission","authors":"H. Shen, T. Sakamoto, M. Serino, N. Ogino, M. Arimoto","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12012","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray observation covering a wide field of view with high sensitivity is essential in searching for an electromagnetic counterpart of gravitational wave events. A lobster-eye optics (LEO) and a large area CMOS sensor are effective instruments to achieve this goal. Furthermore, thanks to the light weight of LEO, it can be installed on a small platform such as a CubeSat. However, the real-time identification of X-ray events is challenging with restricted resources on space. Therefore, we trained a image recognition network utilizing one of the machine learning models of convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, we use this network to identify X-ray events in the image taken from a CMOS sensor. Moreover, we use a Sony single-board computer, Spresense, that provides ultra-low power consumption and supports machine learning libraries for the process. This paper introduces our machine learning-based X-ray event selection process that is targeted for use on a CubeSat.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"757 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12004
Jongmin Lee, Jung-Hwa Kim, Sungbin Park, Yong Sung You, Jae-seok Lee, Y. Ghim, Y.S. Hwang
The Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic system has been developed for the X-pinch device at Seoul National University. The system is designed to measure various parameters of plasma jets, including plasma temperature and plasma flow velocity. For the flow velocity measurement, the second harmonic Nd:YAG laser and the collection optics are oriented in order to ensure the scattering vector is aligned with the flow direction. The collection optics have been optimized to maximize photon efficiency. Due to the requirement of high spectral dispersion and resolution for the diagnosis of CTS spectra, the spectrometer is designed with a dispersion of 0.004 nm/pixel. The spectral dispersion and resolution of the system has been measured. The CTS diagnostic system will contribute to a deeper understanding of X-pinch plasma dynamics and the development of advanced High Energy Density Plasma (HEDP)-based technologies.
{"title":"Development of a Collective Thomson Scattering diagnostic system on SNU X-pinch device","authors":"Jongmin Lee, Jung-Hwa Kim, Sungbin Park, Yong Sung You, Jae-seok Lee, Y. Ghim, Y.S. Hwang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12004","url":null,"abstract":"The Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic system has been developed for the X-pinch device at Seoul National University. The system is designed to measure various parameters of plasma jets, including plasma temperature and plasma flow velocity. For the flow velocity measurement, the second harmonic Nd:YAG laser and the collection optics are oriented in order to ensure the scattering vector is aligned with the flow direction. The collection optics have been optimized to maximize photon efficiency. Due to the requirement of high spectral dispersion and resolution for the diagnosis of CTS spectra, the spectrometer is designed with a dispersion of 0.004 nm/pixel. The spectral dispersion and resolution of the system has been measured. The CTS diagnostic system will contribute to a deeper understanding of X-pinch plasma dynamics and the development of advanced High Energy Density Plasma (HEDP)-based technologies.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12008
Jing Tian, Zhipeng Sun, Songbo Chang, Yi Qian, Hongyun Zhao, Zhengguo Hu
A new High-Speed PCI Express (PCIe) readout Card (HSPC) has been designed to transmit and aggregate data from the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that will be assembled on High energy FRagment Separator (HFRS) beamlines at the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) currently being built in Huizhou City, China. The HSPC features a high-performance controller utilizing the Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale Series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), two Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus (QSFP+) connectors, and a PCIe Gen3×8 interface with theoretical bandwidth of 64 Gbps. Experimental testing shows that there are no errors on the 8-fiber optics when operating at 9.6 Gbps per link, and the bit error rate (BER) is less than 1.0 × 10-15. In addition, the total read bandwidth of PCIe Gen3×8 reaches 7085.4 MB/s. Consequently, the HSPC can meet HFRS requirements.
{"title":"The HSPC — a high speed PCIe readout card for the HFRS-TPC","authors":"Jing Tian, Zhipeng Sun, Songbo Chang, Yi Qian, Hongyun Zhao, Zhengguo Hu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12008","url":null,"abstract":"A new High-Speed PCI Express (PCIe) readout Card (HSPC) has been designed to transmit and aggregate data from the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that will be assembled on High energy FRagment Separator (HFRS) beamlines at the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) currently being built in Huizhou City, China. The HSPC features a high-performance controller utilizing the Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale Series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), two Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus (QSFP+) connectors, and a PCIe Gen3×8 interface with theoretical bandwidth of 64 Gbps. Experimental testing shows that there are no errors on the 8-fiber optics when operating at 9.6 Gbps per link, and the bit error rate (BER) is less than 1.0 × 10-15. In addition, the total read bandwidth of PCIe Gen3×8 reaches 7085.4 MB/s. Consequently, the HSPC can meet HFRS requirements.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"194 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12011
R. Welton, B. Han, M. Stockli, S. Murray, T. Pennisi, C. Stinson, V. Andzulis, G. Terszakowec, C. Piller, O. Tarvainen, D. Willis
The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a state-of-the-art neutron scattering facility delivering the world's most intense pulsed neutron beams to a wide array of instruments which are used to conduct investigations in many fields of science and engineering. Neutrons are produced from spallation of liquid Hg by bombardment of short (∼1 μs), intense (∼35 A) pulses of protons delivered at 60 Hz by a storage ring which is fed by a high-intensity, ∼1 GeV H- LINAC. This facility has operated almost continuously since 2006, with ion source performance increasing over those years, and currently providing 50–60 mA of H- ions with a duty-factor of 6% for maintenance-free runs of several months with near 100% availability. Ion source research and development at ORNL has played a key role in enabling and supporting this success: this report provides an update on some of the ongoing ion source research and development efforts which have been undertaken since the previous Negative Ion Beams and Sources (NIBS) conference in 2020. These include significant improvements to H- beam current by extraction from a larger source outlet aperture and improvements to the electron dumping system which should eliminate the gradual loss of electrode voltage over the course of a run which has occasionally impacted SNS operations. Improvement and simplification of the plasma ignition system for the external antenna ion source, a long-standing problem, was also realized. Lastly, RF coupling efficiency was measured for both the SNS internal and external antenna ion sources.
{"title":"Recent H- ion source research and development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory","authors":"R. Welton, B. Han, M. Stockli, S. Murray, T. Pennisi, C. Stinson, V. Andzulis, G. Terszakowec, C. Piller, O. Tarvainen, D. Willis","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12011","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a state-of-the-art neutron scattering facility delivering the world's most intense pulsed neutron beams to a wide array of instruments which are used to conduct investigations in many fields of science and engineering. Neutrons are produced from spallation of liquid Hg by bombardment of short (∼1 μs), intense (∼35 A) pulses of protons delivered at 60 Hz by a storage ring which is fed by a high-intensity, ∼1 GeV H- LINAC. This facility has operated almost continuously since 2006, with ion source performance increasing over those years, and currently providing 50–60 mA of H- ions with a duty-factor of 6% for maintenance-free runs of several months with near 100% availability. Ion source research and development at ORNL has played a key role in enabling and supporting this success: this report provides an update on some of the ongoing ion source research and development efforts which have been undertaken since the previous Negative Ion Beams and Sources (NIBS) conference in 2020. These include significant improvements to H- beam current by extraction from a larger source outlet aperture and improvements to the electron dumping system which should eliminate the gradual loss of electrode voltage over the course of a run which has occasionally impacted SNS operations. Improvement and simplification of the plasma ignition system for the external antenna ion source, a long-standing problem, was also realized. Lastly, RF coupling efficiency was measured for both the SNS internal and external antenna ion sources.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"68 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12012
Zhengyang Sun, Junfeng Yang, Lei Zhang, Tianxing Wang, Ruolin Liu, Kezhu Song
Data acquisition (DAQ) systems are vital components in large-scale physics experiments. For communication, control and tracking purposes, all system components must be unambiguously identified. D-Matrix, as a generic distributed stream processing DAQ platform, accommodates various device connection methods, including networking, PCIe bus, point-to-point optical fiber links, etc. Although there are mature node identification solutions for each connection method individually, the uniform solution applicable to all connection methods remains crucial in a generic DAQ platform. D-Matrix abstracts a unified Multiple Point-to-Point transmission model (MPP model), supporting various physical connection methods and enabling multiple communication channels on a single physical link. Referring to the tree universal address system, a generic automatic node identification algorithm is proposed based on the MPP model. With simple configuration, this algorithm enables automatic node traversal, yielding a routing-based identification result that supports clustering and hierarchical node management requirements common in large-scale physics experiments. This paper explains the details of the algorithm and presents an example of the DAQ system based on the algorithm.
{"title":"A generic node identification and routing algorithm in a distributed data acquisition platform: D-Matrix","authors":"Zhengyang Sun, Junfeng Yang, Lei Zhang, Tianxing Wang, Ruolin Liu, Kezhu Song","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12012","url":null,"abstract":"Data acquisition (DAQ) systems are vital components in large-scale physics experiments. For communication, control and tracking purposes, all system components must be unambiguously identified. D-Matrix, as a generic distributed stream processing DAQ platform, accommodates various device connection methods, including networking, PCIe bus, point-to-point optical fiber links, etc. Although there are mature node identification solutions for each connection method individually, the uniform solution applicable to all connection methods remains crucial in a generic DAQ platform. D-Matrix abstracts a unified Multiple Point-to-Point transmission model (MPP model), supporting various physical connection methods and enabling multiple communication channels on a single physical link. Referring to the tree universal address system, a generic automatic node identification algorithm is proposed based on the MPP model. With simple configuration, this algorithm enables automatic node traversal, yielding a routing-based identification result that supports clustering and hierarchical node management requirements common in large-scale physics experiments. This paper explains the details of the algorithm and presents an example of the DAQ system based on the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"299 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12010
A. Davtyan, H. Isunts, A. Vardanyan, A. Azizov, V. Avagyan
Computer simulation and experimental research of the tightening processes of ultrahigh vacuum CF flange joints have been carried out. Finite element analyses were carried out considering the plastic properties of materials. The analysis variable parameters are flanges' knife edge angle between the shelves (Wheeler's and CERN's models), tip rounding radiuses, and gasket material state (annealed and hard). Curves of changes in the stress and strain intensities of the edge nodes of the flanges' knife edge were obtained. Essential sealing parameters of the ultrahigh vacuum system were also studied, such as the height of the knife edge, the length of the knife-edge trace on the gasket (in the radial direction), and the gap between two flanges. The mentioned sealing parameters' measurements were carried out by the combined method. The latter is a parameters' measurement of both computer simulation and experimental samples and a comparison of the obtained results. It should be noted that the sealing parameters were studied for several tightening cycles of the flanges to research their changes in case of multiple uses. The vital value of this research is obtained empirical functions for calculating the height of the flanges' knife edge based on the tightening cycles.
{"title":"The combined research of ultra-high vacuum CF flange joints' sealing parameters considering plastic properties of materials","authors":"A. Davtyan, H. Isunts, A. Vardanyan, A. Azizov, V. Avagyan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12010","url":null,"abstract":"Computer simulation and experimental research of the tightening processes of ultrahigh vacuum CF flange joints have been carried out. Finite element analyses were carried out considering the plastic properties of materials. The analysis variable parameters are flanges' knife edge angle between the shelves (Wheeler's and CERN's models), tip rounding radiuses, and gasket material state (annealed and hard). Curves of changes in the stress and strain intensities of the edge nodes of the flanges' knife edge were obtained. Essential sealing parameters of the ultrahigh vacuum system were also studied, such as the height of the knife edge, the length of the knife-edge trace on the gasket (in the radial direction), and the gap between two flanges. The mentioned sealing parameters' measurements were carried out by the combined method. The latter is a parameters' measurement of both computer simulation and experimental samples and a comparison of the obtained results. It should be noted that the sealing parameters were studied for several tightening cycles of the flanges to research their changes in case of multiple uses. The vital value of this research is obtained empirical functions for calculating the height of the flanges' knife edge based on the tightening cycles.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"237 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12003
L. Weissman, R. Weiss-Babai, A. Barak, A. Choquet, S. Cohen, K. Elimeleh, I. Eliyahu, H. Isakov, I. Gertz, N. Goldberger, C. Goresnic, Y. Itzhaki, B. Kaizer, A. Kreisel, I. Lapin, Y. Luner, H. Paami, A. Perry, I. Polikarpov, E. Reinfeld, J. Rodnizky, A. Shor, I. Shmuely, Y. Solomon, Sh. Talala, N. Tamim, S. Vaintraub, Sh. Varulker, T. Zchut, J. Dumas, A. Chance, D. Chirpaz, D. Darde, G. Desmarchelier, R. Duperrier, G. Ferrand, A. Gaget, F. Gohier, F. Gougnaud, T. Joannem, V. Nadot, N. Pichoff, F. Senée, C. Simon, N. Solenne, D. Uriot, L. Zhao
The SARAF Phase II cryogenic linear accelerator (linac) is currently under construction and will be commissioned through collaborative efforts between SNRC and CEA. The linac will accelerate a 5 mA pulsed/continuous wave (CW) proton and deuteron beam, reaching energies of up to 35 MeV and 40 MeV, respectively. The linac injector consists of Phase I components, including an ECR ion source, a Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, and a 4-rod Radio Frequency Quadruple (RFQ). Additionally, a new Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line has been installed and integrated into the injector infrastructure. The MEBT includes three rebuncher resonators, magneto-optical elements, and beam diagnostics. The MEBT beam diagnostics, as well as the Phase I D-plate installed downstream, were used for beam characterization. The downstream-installed Temporary Beam Line (TBL) and a prototype of the Gallium Indium Liquid Target (GALIT) were used for commissioning, operating at high beam duty cycles, including CW mode. The report describes the proton beam commissioning process of the injector prior to the delivery of the cryomodules, scheduled for the second half of 2023.
{"title":"Beam commissioning of the SARAF Injector and MEBT (protons)","authors":"L. Weissman, R. Weiss-Babai, A. Barak, A. Choquet, S. Cohen, K. Elimeleh, I. Eliyahu, H. Isakov, I. Gertz, N. Goldberger, C. Goresnic, Y. Itzhaki, B. Kaizer, A. Kreisel, I. Lapin, Y. Luner, H. Paami, A. Perry, I. Polikarpov, E. Reinfeld, J. Rodnizky, A. Shor, I. Shmuely, Y. Solomon, Sh. Talala, N. Tamim, S. Vaintraub, Sh. Varulker, T. Zchut, J. Dumas, A. Chance, D. Chirpaz, D. Darde, G. Desmarchelier, R. Duperrier, G. Ferrand, A. Gaget, F. Gohier, F. Gougnaud, T. Joannem, V. Nadot, N. Pichoff, F. Senée, C. Simon, N. Solenne, D. Uriot, L. Zhao","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12003","url":null,"abstract":"The SARAF Phase II cryogenic linear accelerator (linac) is currently under construction and will be commissioned through collaborative efforts between SNRC and CEA. The linac will accelerate a 5 mA pulsed/continuous wave (CW) proton and deuteron beam, reaching energies of up to 35 MeV and 40 MeV, respectively. The linac injector consists of Phase I components, including an ECR ion source, a Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, and a 4-rod Radio Frequency Quadruple (RFQ). Additionally, a new Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line has been installed and integrated into the injector infrastructure. The MEBT includes three rebuncher resonators, magneto-optical elements, and beam diagnostics. The MEBT beam diagnostics, as well as the Phase I D-plate installed downstream, were used for beam characterization. The downstream-installed Temporary Beam Line (TBL) and a prototype of the Gallium Indium Liquid Target (GALIT) were used for commissioning, operating at high beam duty cycles, including CW mode. The report describes the proton beam commissioning process of the injector prior to the delivery of the cryomodules, scheduled for the second half of 2023.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12011
B. Yan, Shulin Liu, Binting Zhang, Huaxing Peng
The conventional microchannel plate (MCP) detector has found widespread application in various fields. This article focuses on investigating the performance of a single MCP with a large length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of 80:1, particularly for single electron counting. To enhance MCP performance, alumina with a high secondary electron yield (SEY) is coated onto the MCP using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The SEYs of alumina thin films with different thicknesses are measured using a pulsing electron beam method. The 80:1 L/D MCPs operate in electron counting mode, and the optimal alumina thickness is determined through a comparative study of MCP performance before and after coating. The relationships between maximum SEY, primary electron energy, gain, peak-to-valley ratio (P/V), and pulse height resolution (PHR) are analyzed. After alumina coating, the single 80:1 MCP exhibits improved gain, P/V and PHR. The optimal P/V and PHR of a single MCP as functions of the primary electron energy align with the relationship between the SEY of the alumina coating and the primary electron energy. Additionally, the variation of DC gain with extracted charge is investigated. This article provides valuable insights for parameter selection in achieving the optimal working state of MCP and explores the potential application of single electron counting using a single MCP.
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