Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10003
E. Ferrer-Ribas, K. Altenmüller, B. Biasuzzi, J.F. Castel, S. Cebrián, T. Dafni, K. Desch, D. Díez-Ibañez, J. Galán, J. Galindo, J.A. García, A. Giganon, C. Goblin, I.G. Irastorza, J. Kaminski, G. Luzón, C. Margalejo, H. Mirallas, X.F. Navick, L. Obis, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, J. von Oy, T. Papaevangelou, O. Pérez, E. Picatoste, J. Ruz, T. Schiffer, S. Schmidt, L. Segui, J.K. Vogel
Abstract The International AXion Observatory (IAXO) is a large scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles produced in the Sun with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is an intermediate experimental stage that will be hosted at DESY (Germany) and that will test all IAXO subsystems serving as a prototype for IAXO but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with potential for discovery. One of the crucial components of the project is the ultra-low background X-ray detectors that will image the X-ray photons produced by axion conversion in the experiment. The baseline detection technology for this purpose are Micromegas (Microbulk) detectors. We will show the quest and the strategy to attain the very challenging levels of background targeted for BabyIAXO that need a multi-approach strategy coming from ground measurements, screening campaigns of components of the detector, underground measurements, background models, in-situ background measurements as well as powerful rejection algorithms. First results from the commissioning of the BabyIAXO prototype will be shown.
{"title":"Ultra low background Micromegas detectors for BabyIAXO solar axion search","authors":"E. Ferrer-Ribas, K. Altenmüller, B. Biasuzzi, J.F. Castel, S. Cebrián, T. Dafni, K. Desch, D. Díez-Ibañez, J. Galán, J. Galindo, J.A. García, A. Giganon, C. Goblin, I.G. Irastorza, J. Kaminski, G. Luzón, C. Margalejo, H. Mirallas, X.F. Navick, L. Obis, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, J. von Oy, T. Papaevangelou, O. Pérez, E. Picatoste, J. Ruz, T. Schiffer, S. Schmidt, L. Segui, J.K. Vogel","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The International AXion Observatory (IAXO) is a large scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles produced in the Sun with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is an intermediate experimental stage that will be hosted at DESY (Germany) and that will test all IAXO subsystems serving as a prototype for IAXO but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with potential for discovery. One of the crucial components of the project is the ultra-low background X-ray detectors that will image the X-ray photons produced by axion conversion in the experiment. The baseline detection technology for this purpose are Micromegas (Microbulk) detectors. We will show the quest and the strategy to attain the very challenging levels of background targeted for BabyIAXO that need a multi-approach strategy coming from ground measurements, screening campaigns of components of the detector, underground measurements, background models, in-situ background measurements as well as powerful rejection algorithms. First results from the commissioning of the BabyIAXO prototype will be shown.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135606430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10009
M. Can, Ö. Karadeniz, G. Çapa Kaya, T. Ertay
Abstract Tc-99m and I-123 are radionuclides commonly used for diagnostic examination in nuclear medicine. Detection of the scattered photons by the Compton interactions in the photopeak energy window is a factor affecting the image quality. DEW and TEW scatter correction methods are used to improve the image quality degrade by Compton scattered photons. In the study, planar and SPECT images of sphere, rod and cardiac phantom containing different activities were acquired with a gamma camera system. DEW/TEW corrected and uncorrected images for Tc-99m/I-123 were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Both for planar and SPECT images, the DEW and TEW scatter correction methods were found to improve the image quality at varying rates.
{"title":"A study on energy window-based scatter correction methods in <sup>99m</sup>Tc and <sup>123</sup>I imaging","authors":"M. Can, Ö. Karadeniz, G. Çapa Kaya, T. Ertay","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tc-99m and I-123 are radionuclides commonly used for diagnostic examination in nuclear medicine. Detection of the scattered photons by the Compton interactions in the photopeak energy window is a factor affecting the image quality. DEW and TEW scatter correction methods are used to improve the image quality degrade by Compton scattered photons. In the study, planar and SPECT images of sphere, rod and cardiac phantom containing different activities were acquired with a gamma camera system. DEW/TEW corrected and uncorrected images for Tc-99m/I-123 were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Both for planar and SPECT images, the DEW and TEW scatter correction methods were found to improve the image quality at varying rates.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135607031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10015
P. Vančura, J. Gečnuk, Z. Janoška, J. Jirsa, O. Korchak, A. Kostina, V. Kafka, D. Lednický, M. Marčišovská, M. Marčišovský, M. Strnad, P. Švihra, L. Tomášek, P. Staněk
Abstract The SpacePix3 monolithic active pixel sensor is a novel ASIC for space radiation monitoring designed in a 180 nm SOI CMOS technology. The detector is capable of detecting and differentiating protons, electrons, and heavy ions. Its active sensor area is 3.84×3.84 mm 2 , pixel matrix is arranged in a 64×64 square array with 60 µm pitch. The pixel front-end amplifier signal range is 1–80 ke - , extended up to 30 Me - using a backside channel. Diodes integrated in the handle wafer in each pixel are biased at -150 V, creating a depleted layer approximately 35 µm deep. Impinging particle generates a charge pulse converted to a voltage pulse by the charge-sensitive amplifier. Maximum voltage memorized by the peak detector hold circuit is digitized using on-chip 10-bit asynchronous column SAR ADCs. Two readout interfaces are available, 400 MHz LVDS and 50 MHz SPI. Total current consumption is 31 mA from a 1.8 V power supply in the SPI mode.
SpacePix3单片有源像素传感器是采用180nm SOI CMOS技术设计的新型空间辐射监测专用集成电路。该探测器能够探测和区分质子、电子和重离子。其有源传感器面积为3.84×3.84 mm 2，像素矩阵排列为64×64方形阵列，间距为60µm。像素前端放大器信号范围为1 - 80k -，使用后端通道扩展至30me。集成在手柄晶圆中的二极管在每个像素上偏置在-150 V，形成约35 μ m深的耗尽层。碰撞粒子产生电荷脉冲，经电荷敏感放大器转换为电压脉冲。由峰值检测器保持电路存储的最大电压使用片上10位异步列SAR adc进行数字化。两个读出接口可用，400 MHz LVDS和50 MHz SPI。在SPI模式下，1.8 V电源的总电流消耗为31 mA。
{"title":"SpacePix3: SOI MAPS detector for space radiation monitoring","authors":"P. Vančura, J. Gečnuk, Z. Janoška, J. Jirsa, O. Korchak, A. Kostina, V. Kafka, D. Lednický, M. Marčišovská, M. Marčišovský, M. Strnad, P. Švihra, L. Tomášek, P. Staněk","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The SpacePix3 monolithic active pixel sensor is a novel ASIC for space radiation monitoring designed in a 180 nm SOI CMOS technology. The detector is capable of detecting and differentiating protons, electrons, and heavy ions. Its active sensor area is 3.84×3.84 mm 2 , pixel matrix is arranged in a 64×64 square array with 60 µm pitch. The pixel front-end amplifier signal range is 1–80 ke - , extended up to 30 Me - using a backside channel. Diodes integrated in the handle wafer in each pixel are biased at -150 V, creating a depleted layer approximately 35 µm deep. Impinging particle generates a charge pulse converted to a voltage pulse by the charge-sensitive amplifier. Maximum voltage memorized by the peak detector hold circuit is digitized using on-chip 10-bit asynchronous column SAR ADCs. Two readout interfaces are available, 400 MHz LVDS and 50 MHz SPI. Total current consumption is 31 mA from a 1.8 V power supply in the SPI mode.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136054389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10005
Tasneem Saleem, Salleh Ahmad, Jean-Baptiste Cizel, Christophe de la Taille, Maxime Morenas, Vanessa Nadig, Florent Perez, Volkmar Schulz, Stefan Gundacker, Julien Fleury
Abstract Medical applications, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and space applications, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), are in need of highly specialized ASICs. Weeroc, in collaboration with different partners, is highly involved in developing a new generation of front-end ASICs. In the context of a joined LIDAR project among Weeroc, CNES, and Airbus, Weeroc is working on the development of Liroc, an ASIC for space LIDAR application. Weeroc is also working on advancing ASICs for medical applications with Radioroc under development and intended to be used for PET applications. This study experimentally evaluates the time resolution limits of these ASICs in different configurations, with some of the most recent silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technologies available on the market, coupled to different scintillation crystals. The best single-photon time resolution (SPTR) was achieved using FBK NUV-HD SiPMs with an FWHM of 90 ps with Liroc and 73 ps with Radioroc. Furthermore, the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of Radioroc was studied with different crystal sizes. Using a large LYSO:Ce,Ca crystal of (3 × 3 × 20 mm 3 ) with Broadcom Near UltraViolet-Metal in Trench (NUV-MT) yields a CTR of 127 ps (FWHM). The best CTR of Radioroc was determined to 83 ps (FWHM) with Broadcom NUV-MT SiPMs coupled to LYSO:Ce,Ca (2 × 2 × 3 mm 3 )) from Taiwan Applied Crystal (TAC).
{"title":"Study experimental time resolution limits of recent ASICs at Weeroc with different SiPMs and scintillators","authors":"Tasneem Saleem, Salleh Ahmad, Jean-Baptiste Cizel, Christophe de la Taille, Maxime Morenas, Vanessa Nadig, Florent Perez, Volkmar Schulz, Stefan Gundacker, Julien Fleury","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medical applications, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and space applications, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), are in need of highly specialized ASICs. Weeroc, in collaboration with different partners, is highly involved in developing a new generation of front-end ASICs. In the context of a joined LIDAR project among Weeroc, CNES, and Airbus, Weeroc is working on the development of Liroc, an ASIC for space LIDAR application. Weeroc is also working on advancing ASICs for medical applications with Radioroc under development and intended to be used for PET applications. This study experimentally evaluates the time resolution limits of these ASICs in different configurations, with some of the most recent silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technologies available on the market, coupled to different scintillation crystals. The best single-photon time resolution (SPTR) was achieved using FBK NUV-HD SiPMs with an FWHM of 90 ps with Liroc and 73 ps with Radioroc. Furthermore, the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of Radioroc was studied with different crystal sizes. Using a large LYSO:Ce,Ca crystal of (3 × 3 × 20 mm 3 ) with Broadcom Near UltraViolet-Metal in Trench (NUV-MT) yields a CTR of 127 ps (FWHM). The best CTR of Radioroc was determined to 83 ps (FWHM) with Broadcom NUV-MT SiPMs coupled to LYSO:Ce,Ca (2 × 2 × 3 mm 3 )) from Taiwan Applied Crystal (TAC).","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136161167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Active sounding experiments, including tracing magnetic field lines and magnetospheric sounding, may be accomplished in the GEO environment by the active emission of high-power electron beams. The continual emission of electron beam pulses during such experiments may result in the accumulation of positive charges on the spacecraft surface and a rise in the spacecraft potential, which might prohibit the normal emission of succeeding pulses. The plasma contactor has been shown to be a reliable method for neutralizing the spacecraft potential. But as the active charging effect brought on by the high-current electron beam manifests itself more quickly, it is still unknown whether the plasma contactor can reliably control the spacecraft potential in this circumstance. In this study, a two-dimensional PIC model is used to examine the active charging effect brought on by high-power electron beam emission. Findings indicate that the potential neutralization process may be affected by the ion sheath that forms close to the emitting surface of the plasma contactor, which cuts the electrical connection between the spacecraft and plasma in space. By evaluating the quantities and growth speeds of different particles during active charging, we discover that lowering the particle density or pre-emission time of the plasma contactor may bring the spacecraft potential to the equilibrium state. Additionally, the high-current electron beam raises the peak potential, making it more difficult to launch the electron beam properly before the spacecraft potential reaches equilibrium. In contrast, the high-energy electron beam is less susceptible to the active charging effect.
{"title":"Fast spacecraft charging induced by a high-power electron beam emission and its mitigation through a plasma contactor","authors":"Bixi Xue, Qiang Zhao, Fang Zhang, Zhiwei Dong, Jianhong Hao, Jieqing Fan, Xiangchun Cao","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Active sounding experiments, including tracing magnetic field lines and magnetospheric sounding, may be accomplished in the GEO environment by the active emission of high-power electron beams. The continual emission of electron beam pulses during such experiments may result in the accumulation of positive charges on the spacecraft surface and a rise in the spacecraft potential, which might prohibit the normal emission of succeeding pulses. The plasma contactor has been shown to be a reliable method for neutralizing the spacecraft potential. But as the active charging effect brought on by the high-current electron beam manifests itself more quickly, it is still unknown whether the plasma contactor can reliably control the spacecraft potential in this circumstance. In this study, a two-dimensional PIC model is used to examine the active charging effect brought on by high-power electron beam emission. Findings indicate that the potential neutralization process may be affected by the ion sheath that forms close to the emitting surface of the plasma contactor, which cuts the electrical connection between the spacecraft and plasma in space. By evaluating the quantities and growth speeds of different particles during active charging, we discover that lowering the particle density or pre-emission time of the plasma contactor may bring the spacecraft potential to the equilibrium state. Additionally, the high-current electron beam raises the peak potential, making it more difficult to launch the electron beam properly before the spacecraft potential reaches equilibrium. In contrast, the high-energy electron beam is less susceptible to the active charging effect.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10025
D. Korneev, S. Petrov, S. Markov
Abstract For nearly 30 years, we have been designing and supplying instruments for microwave diagnostics of high temperature plasma. This report provides a description of the mm-wave components we utilize to make diagnostics within the frequency range of 26–330 GHz. While most of these components are standard and readily available on the market, we have also developed a few specific devices that simplify the architecture of our instruments. The article includes descriptions of these devices: Backward Wave Oscillators (BWO), Impact Ionization Avalanche Transit-Time diode (IMPATT) sources, IMPATT Active Frequency Multipliers (AFM), Noise Sources, and Electronically Controlled Attenuators. Furthermore, we offer an overview of the microwave plasma diagnostics we have supplied, including ECE radiometers operating at 50–220 GHz, as well as heterodyne interferometers operating at fixed frequency 94 GHz, 140 GHz, or 300 GHz. We also discuss methods employed to ensure measurement stability and present the achieved results. The advent of the new era of modern Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) based devices has brought forth exciting possibilities. As an example, we discuss the upgrade of the low noise receiver for the Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X, which enables ion temperature measurements in the plasma core [1]. Lastly, we provide a list of MMIC-based devices that are currently available and have garnered the attention of the plasma diagnostics community.
{"title":"The latest developments of microwave diagnostics for high temperature plasma in ELVA-1 company","authors":"D. Korneev, S. Petrov, S. Markov","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For nearly 30 years, we have been designing and supplying instruments for microwave diagnostics of high temperature plasma. This report provides a description of the mm-wave components we utilize to make diagnostics within the frequency range of 26–330 GHz. While most of these components are standard and readily available on the market, we have also developed a few specific devices that simplify the architecture of our instruments. The article includes descriptions of these devices: Backward Wave Oscillators (BWO), Impact Ionization Avalanche Transit-Time diode (IMPATT) sources, IMPATT Active Frequency Multipliers (AFM), Noise Sources, and Electronically Controlled Attenuators. Furthermore, we offer an overview of the microwave plasma diagnostics we have supplied, including ECE radiometers operating at 50–220 GHz, as well as heterodyne interferometers operating at fixed frequency 94 GHz, 140 GHz, or 300 GHz. We also discuss methods employed to ensure measurement stability and present the achieved results. The advent of the new era of modern Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) based devices has brought forth exciting possibilities. As an example, we discuss the upgrade of the low noise receiver for the Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X, which enables ion temperature measurements in the plasma core [1]. Lastly, we provide a list of MMIC-based devices that are currently available and have garnered the attention of the plasma diagnostics community.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10001
Antonio Jesús Gómez Delegido
Abstract Direct searches for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs boson into eτ and μτ final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with Run-2 data are presented. Both leptonically and hadronically decaying τ -leptons are included and two different background estimation techniques are employed: a MC-template method, based on data-corrected simulation samples, and a data-driven method, based on exploiting the symmetry between electrons and muons in the Standard Model backgrounds. Observed (Expected) upper limits are set on the branching ratios at 95 % confidence level, ℬ ( H → eτ )<0.20 % (0.12 %) and ℬ ( H → μτ )<0.18% (0.09 %), and a best-fit branching ratio difference, ℬ ( H → μτ ) - ℬ ( H → eτ ), of 0.25 ± 0.10 % is found in the channel where the τ -lepton decays to leptons, compatible with a value of zero within 2.5 σ .
{"title":"Searches for lepton-flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson into eτ and μτ in √(s) = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector","authors":"Antonio Jesús Gómez Delegido","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Direct searches for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs boson into eτ and μτ final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with Run-2 data are presented. Both leptonically and hadronically decaying τ -leptons are included and two different background estimation techniques are employed: a MC-template method, based on data-corrected simulation samples, and a data-driven method, based on exploiting the symmetry between electrons and muons in the Standard Model backgrounds. Observed (Expected) upper limits are set on the branching ratios at 95 % confidence level, ℬ ( H → eτ )<0.20 % (0.12 %) and ℬ ( H → μτ )<0.18% (0.09 %), and a best-fit branching ratio difference, ℬ ( H → μτ ) - ℬ ( H → eτ ), of 0.25 ± 0.10 % is found in the channel where the τ -lepton decays to leptons, compatible with a value of zero within 2.5 σ .","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10015
C.-H. Huang, K.-T. Hsu, J. Chen, K.-H. Hu
Abstract The online bunch-by-bunch position monitor has been established through the utilization of a high-speed analog-to-digital converter, synchronized meticulously with the accelerator's radio frequency. This implementation serves the purpose of refining the alignment of the four injection kickers. A substantial volume of data needs to be managed when dealing with the motion of the bunches. To untangle the intricacies of bunch motion, an independent component analysis has been employed. This method efficiently segregates the bunch motion into discrete sources. The resulting bunch motion is a direct outcome of the linear combination of these distinct sources. Consequently, this approach significantly simplifies the overarching data analysis procedure. Throughout the injection phase, the predominant factors influencing the oscillation of filled bunches originate from three distinct sources. Firstly, there is a contribution arising from the mismatch among the four kickers during their activation period. Additionally, the damped betatron oscillation and the oscillation generated by wake fields constitute the other sources of bunch motion. To comprehend the tune variation in these sources, an examination is conducted through a numerical analysis of fundamental frequencies. Specifically, the tune associated with the betatron oscillation is contingent upon the amplitude of said oscillation. In contrast, the tune corresponding to the wake-field oscillation displays comparably minor fluctuations during both the growing and damping phases.
{"title":"Online bunch-by-bunch position monitoring and analysis at the Taiwan Photon Source","authors":"C.-H. Huang, K.-T. Hsu, J. Chen, K.-H. Hu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The online bunch-by-bunch position monitor has been established through the utilization of a high-speed analog-to-digital converter, synchronized meticulously with the accelerator's radio frequency. This implementation serves the purpose of refining the alignment of the four injection kickers. A substantial volume of data needs to be managed when dealing with the motion of the bunches. To untangle the intricacies of bunch motion, an independent component analysis has been employed. This method efficiently segregates the bunch motion into discrete sources. The resulting bunch motion is a direct outcome of the linear combination of these distinct sources. Consequently, this approach significantly simplifies the overarching data analysis procedure. Throughout the injection phase, the predominant factors influencing the oscillation of filled bunches originate from three distinct sources. Firstly, there is a contribution arising from the mismatch among the four kickers during their activation period. Additionally, the damped betatron oscillation and the oscillation generated by wake fields constitute the other sources of bunch motion. To comprehend the tune variation in these sources, an examination is conducted through a numerical analysis of fundamental frequencies. Specifically, the tune associated with the betatron oscillation is contingent upon the amplitude of said oscillation. In contrast, the tune corresponding to the wake-field oscillation displays comparably minor fluctuations during both the growing and damping phases.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10007
M. Gong, M. Nishiura, R. Yanai, Y. Takemura
Abstract Correlation-ECE (C-ECE) is a standard method for investigating turbulence driven transport. This method allows electron temperature fluctuations that contain information on turbulent transport and independent thermal noise. The turbulence feature is extracted from a correlation analysis from two close locations. The A C-ECE system is utilized on the large helical device (LHD) to measure emission within the frequency range of 74–79.6 GHz. This system employs the spectral decorrelation method and serves as a collective Thomson scattering diagnostic receiver in the LHD. The C-ECE receiver system is comprised of a filter bank system with 32 band-pass filters and a fast digitizer system operating at a sampling rate of 12.5 GHz in the intermediate frequency (IF) stage. This study presents initial experimental results on temperature fluctuation spectra in the LHD, obtained through the C-ECE system using a coherency-based analysis method. An MHD mode at 5 kHz is excited from the onset of neutral beam injection in a magnetic probe, and coherence spectra are obtained from two C-ECE receiver systems. The temperature fluctuation results are derived from the coherence spectrum after bias removal and indicate a level of approximately 3% in the frequency range of 0 to 400 kHz. Further investigations will be conducted to explore drift wave turbulence activities and reconstruct the radial profile of temperature fluctuation in the LHD using the C-ECE receiver systems.
{"title":"Development of correlation ECE system for electron temperature fluctuation measurement in LHD","authors":"M. Gong, M. Nishiura, R. Yanai, Y. Takemura","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Correlation-ECE (C-ECE) is a standard method for investigating turbulence driven transport. This method allows electron temperature fluctuations that contain information on turbulent transport and independent thermal noise. The turbulence feature is extracted from a correlation analysis from two close locations. The A C-ECE system is utilized on the large helical device (LHD) to measure emission within the frequency range of 74–79.6 GHz. This system employs the spectral decorrelation method and serves as a collective Thomson scattering diagnostic receiver in the LHD. The C-ECE receiver system is comprised of a filter bank system with 32 band-pass filters and a fast digitizer system operating at a sampling rate of 12.5 GHz in the intermediate frequency (IF) stage. This study presents initial experimental results on temperature fluctuation spectra in the LHD, obtained through the C-ECE system using a coherency-based analysis method. An MHD mode at 5 kHz is excited from the onset of neutral beam injection in a magnetic probe, and coherence spectra are obtained from two C-ECE receiver systems. The temperature fluctuation results are derived from the coherence spectrum after bias removal and indicate a level of approximately 3% in the frequency range of 0 to 400 kHz. Further investigations will be conducted to explore drift wave turbulence activities and reconstruct the radial profile of temperature fluctuation in the LHD using the C-ECE receiver systems.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10017
Sascha Diefenbacher, Engin Eren, Frank Gaede, Gregor Kasieczka, Claudius Krause, Imahn Shekhzadeh, David Shih
Abstract We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method — which we refer to as “Layer-to-Layer Flows” ( L2LFlows ) — is an evolution of the CaloFlow architecture adapted to a higher-dimensional setting (30 layers of 10× 10 voxels each). The main innovation of L2LFlows consists of introducing 30 separate normalizing flows, one for each layer of the calorimeter, where each flow is conditioned on the previous five layers in order to learn the layer-to-layer correlations. We compare our results to the BIB-AE, a state-of-the-art generative network trained on the same dataset and find our model has a significantly improved fidelity.
{"title":"L2LFlows: generating high-fidelity 3D calorimeter images","authors":"Sascha Diefenbacher, Engin Eren, Frank Gaede, Gregor Kasieczka, Claudius Krause, Imahn Shekhzadeh, David Shih","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method — which we refer to as “Layer-to-Layer Flows” ( L2LFlows ) — is an evolution of the CaloFlow architecture adapted to a higher-dimensional setting (30 layers of 10× 10 voxels each). The main innovation of L2LFlows consists of introducing 30 separate normalizing flows, one for each layer of the calorimeter, where each flow is conditioned on the previous five layers in order to learn the layer-to-layer correlations. We compare our results to the BIB-AE, a state-of-the-art generative network trained on the same dataset and find our model has a significantly improved fidelity.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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