Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06013
A. Bulavskaya, E. Bushmina, A. Grigorieva, I. Miloichikova, S. Stuchebrov
Three-dimensional printing has a wide range of applications in science and technology. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a commonly used 3D printing technology, which is now being increasingly employed in radiation physics. In FFF, the internal structure of an object is primarily determined by its fill pattern and selected print modes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the interaction between X-rays and 3D-printed plastic samples with various infill patterns. The 3D-printed objects were produced using FFF with plastic and different infill patterns, including Rectilinear, Grid, Triangles, Stars, Honeycomb, Concentric, Archimedean Chords, Gyroid, and Hilbert Curve. Infill densities of 80% and 90% were utilized. Tomographic methods were applied to analyze the resulting samples. The study provides tomograms of the internal structure for each infill pattern. It was observed that Rectilinear and Grid patterns produced the most homogeneous samples. The findings of this study contribute to understanding of the propagation of X-rays through 3D-printed plastic samples with complex internal structures.
三维打印在科学和技术领域有着广泛的应用。熔融长丝制造（FFF）是一种常用的三维打印技术，现在越来越多地应用于辐射物理领域。在 FFF 中，物体的内部结构主要由其填充模式和所选的打印模式决定。因此，本研究旨在研究 X 射线与具有不同填充模式的 3D 打印塑料样品之间的相互作用。三维打印对象是用塑料和不同填充模式（包括直线、网格、三角形、星形、蜂窝、同心圆、阿基米德弦、陀螺和希尔伯特曲线）的 FFF 制作的。填充密度分别为 80% 和 90%。应用层析成像方法对所得样本进行分析。研究提供了每种填充模式的内部结构断层图。据观察，直线型和网格型产生的样品最为均匀。这项研究的结果有助于了解 X 射线在具有复杂内部结构的 3D 打印塑料样品中的传播情况。
{"title":"X-ray study of the density distribution of FFF-printed samples with different fill patterns","authors":"A. Bulavskaya, E. Bushmina, A. Grigorieva, I. Miloichikova, S. Stuchebrov","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06013","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional printing has a wide range of applications in science and technology. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a commonly used 3D printing technology, which is now being increasingly employed in radiation physics. In FFF, the internal structure of an object is primarily determined by its fill pattern and selected print modes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the interaction between X-rays and 3D-printed plastic samples with various infill patterns. The 3D-printed objects were produced using FFF with plastic and different infill patterns, including Rectilinear, Grid, Triangles, Stars, Honeycomb, Concentric, Archimedean Chords, Gyroid, and Hilbert Curve. Infill densities of 80% and 90% were utilized. Tomographic methods were applied to analyze the resulting samples. The study provides tomograms of the internal structure for each infill pattern. It was observed that Rectilinear and Grid patterns produced the most homogeneous samples. The findings of this study contribute to understanding of the propagation of X-rays through 3D-printed plastic samples with complex internal structures.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06019
Seyed Amir Saeedi-Sini, S. Sina, M. Sadeghi, Ebrahim Farajzadeh
In the field of radiation medicine, particularly within radiotherapy applications, radiochromic chemical dosimeters are indispensable tools for dose measurement. This study focuses on the novel development of a radiochromic dosimeter tailored for the precise detection of low-dose radiation, aiming to construct a dosimeter with tissue-equivalent properties suitable for accurately measuring low to medium radiation doses. Utilizing ferrous xylenol orange gel (FXG), we developed two tissue-equivalent dosimeter formulations based on gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Our findings demonstrate that the gelatin-based FXG dosimeter exhibits a robust linear dose-response relationship, facilitating precise dose measurements in the range of 50 to 5000 mGy. Conversely, the PVA-based FXG dosimeter proved effective for dose measurements within a narrower range of 600 to 5000 mGy. Notably, the gelatin-based dosimeter's performance underscores its potential as a versatile tool in radiation detection, promising significant benefits for both medical and industrial applications. This research confirms the efficacy of the Fricke dosimeter gel, demonstrating its linear response across a dose range of 0.05 to 5 Gy, thus establishing a foundation for further advancements in accurate and reliable low-dose radiation monitoring.
{"title":"Development and characterization of a Fricke gel dosimeter for precise measurement in low-dose photon fields","authors":"Seyed Amir Saeedi-Sini, S. Sina, M. Sadeghi, Ebrahim Farajzadeh","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06019","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of radiation medicine, particularly within radiotherapy applications, radiochromic chemical dosimeters are indispensable tools for dose measurement. This study focuses on the novel development of a radiochromic dosimeter tailored for the precise detection of low-dose radiation, aiming to construct a dosimeter with tissue-equivalent properties suitable for accurately measuring low to medium radiation doses. Utilizing ferrous xylenol orange gel (FXG), we developed two tissue-equivalent dosimeter formulations based on gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Our findings demonstrate that the gelatin-based FXG dosimeter exhibits a robust linear dose-response relationship, facilitating precise dose measurements in the range of 50 to 5000 mGy. Conversely, the PVA-based FXG dosimeter proved effective for dose measurements within a narrower range of 600 to 5000 mGy. Notably, the gelatin-based dosimeter's performance underscores its potential as a versatile tool in radiation detection, promising significant benefits for both medical and industrial applications. This research confirms the efficacy of the Fricke dosimeter gel, demonstrating its linear response across a dose range of 0.05 to 5 Gy, thus establishing a foundation for further advancements in accurate and reliable low-dose radiation monitoring.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/e06001
H. Herde
{"title":"ERRATUM: ATLAS ITk strip detector for the Phase-II Upgrade","authors":"H. Herde","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/e06001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/e06001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06022
Aravinth Dhanasekaran, P. Sumithra, U. K. Kommuri, D. Kannadassan, V. Velmurugan
Nanomaterial characterization using microwaves is needed in nanoscale semiconductor devices, microwave imaging, EM shielding, and wireless communication. Many nanomaterials are used as metallic or dielectric layers in these applications. In this paper, we report the characterization of nanomaterials using planar Microwave Slot Resonator (MSR) which was designed and studied using 3D EM simulation tool. The response of MSR is parameterized which offers a platform to calculate relative permittivity (ε r) and conductivity (σ) from measured high frequency response of nanomaterial loaded MSR. With simplified method, this microwave characterization offers accurate and faster results which be used in design, calculation and numerical analysis of nanomaterial based electronic/optoelectronic devices and sensor/shielding applications.
{"title":"Microwave characterization of nanomaterials using planar slot resonator","authors":"Aravinth Dhanasekaran, P. Sumithra, U. K. Kommuri, D. Kannadassan, V. Velmurugan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06022","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterial characterization using microwaves is needed in nanoscale semiconductor devices, microwave imaging, EM shielding, and wireless communication. Many nanomaterials are used as metallic or dielectric layers in these applications. In this paper, we report the characterization of nanomaterials using planar Microwave Slot Resonator (MSR) which was designed and studied using 3D EM simulation tool. The response of MSR is parameterized which offers a platform to calculate relative permittivity (ε r) and conductivity (σ) from measured high frequency response of nanomaterial loaded MSR. With simplified method, this microwave characterization offers accurate and faster results which be used in design, calculation and numerical analysis of nanomaterial based electronic/optoelectronic devices and sensor/shielding applications.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mass production of the first stage of HEPS (High Energy Photon Source) is approaching its final stage. 6 CPMUs (cryogenic permanent magnet undulators) have been manufactured, with four successfully finalizing the tuning of the magnetic field. To ensure radiation performance, HEPS's CPMUs enforce stringent phase error protocols. Moreover, the contraction properties at cryogenic temperature lead to a decrease in phase error after cooling. In the process of CPMU commissioning, a technique for forecasting the change of magnetic errors from room to cryogenic temperature was discovered and studied, as will be demonstrated in this paper.
{"title":"Study on the influence of gap dependent error on the cryogenic permanent magnet undulator performance","authors":"Shuchen Sun, Q. Guo, Xiaoyu Li, Huihua Lu, Yuhui Li, Yajun Sun, Shutao Zhao, Lei Zhang, Zhiqiang Li, Wan Chen, Xiangzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06013","url":null,"abstract":"The mass production of the first stage of HEPS (High Energy Photon Source) is approaching its final stage. 6 CPMUs (cryogenic permanent magnet undulators) have been manufactured, with four successfully finalizing the tuning of the magnetic field. To ensure radiation performance, HEPS's CPMUs enforce stringent phase error protocols. Moreover, the contraction properties at cryogenic temperature lead to a decrease in phase error after cooling. In the process of CPMU commissioning, a technique for forecasting the change of magnetic errors from room to cryogenic temperature was discovered and studied, as will be demonstrated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An Extended-range Bonner sphere spectrometer (EBSS) has been developed to investigate the neutron spectra of the China initiative Accelerator Driven System. This paper presents the design, calibration, and validation measurements of the EBSS system using a standard 241Am-Be neutron source and the cosmic ray neutrons. The EBSS system was simulated using the PHITS code, and the geometric structures were designed using the response functions obtained by simulations. The EBSS system comprises of seven polyethylene-only spheres and seven extended-range spheres encased in lead, copper, or tungsten shells along with a bare 3He proportional counter. To verify the accuracy of the simulated response functions, the EBSS system was calibrated with monoenergetic neutron beams of 565 keV at the China Institute of Atomic Energy in Beijing. The EBSS system was used to measure neutron count rates of the 241Am-Be neutron source and cosmic ray neutrons. Subsequently, the measured neutron count rates were converted into neutron spectra by the unfolding software. Experimental findings demonstrate the precise capability of the EBSS system to measure neutron spectra across a wide range of neutron radiation fields.
{"title":"Calibration and validation measurements of the Extended-range Bonner sphere spectrometer","authors":"Yiwei Gong, Zhiwen Wen, Peng Luo, Shiyu Song, Yu-Xuan Huang, J. Ran, Xiaoqin Tang, Yue Jiang, Zhiqiang Chen, Junkui Xu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06010","url":null,"abstract":"An Extended-range Bonner sphere spectrometer (EBSS) has been developed to investigate the neutron spectra of the China initiative Accelerator Driven System. This paper presents the design, calibration, and validation measurements of the EBSS system using a standard 241Am-Be neutron source and the cosmic ray neutrons. The EBSS system was simulated using the PHITS code, and the geometric structures were designed using the response functions obtained by simulations. The EBSS system comprises of seven polyethylene-only spheres and seven extended-range spheres encased in lead, copper, or tungsten shells along with a bare 3He proportional counter. To verify the accuracy of the simulated response functions, the EBSS system was calibrated with monoenergetic neutron beams of 565 keV at the China Institute of Atomic Energy in Beijing. The EBSS system was used to measure neutron count rates of the 241Am-Be neutron source and cosmic ray neutrons. Subsequently, the measured neutron count rates were converted into neutron spectra by the unfolding software. Experimental findings demonstrate the precise capability of the EBSS system to measure neutron spectra across a wide range of neutron radiation fields.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06011
A. Bulavskaya, M. Banshchikova, A. Grigorieva, I. Miloichikova, S. Stuchebrov
Nowadays, ionizing radiation beams with relatively large transverse dimensions are widely used not only for research purposes but also in technological processes related to metal and food treatment, as well as medical instrument sterilization. Thus, control of beam characteristics is required, and in particular, the intensity distribution in the transverse plane must be accurately measured. The multiangle scanning method, based on mathematical transformations, allows overcoming the limitations of modern detectors used for these purposes. In this study, the method was applied to an electron beam. A detection system based on scintillating fiber was used. The beam profile was measured using the proposed method and a conventional detector — a film dosimeter. Experimental results allow to conclude that the beam intensity distribution obtained using the multiangle scanning method is close to the results obtained using a film dosimeter, which is most often used in medical institutions. Thus, we can consider the multiangle scanning method as an effective approach for determining the intensity distribution of an electron beam.
{"title":"Measurement of the electron beam profile by the multiangle scanning method","authors":"A. Bulavskaya, M. Banshchikova, A. Grigorieva, I. Miloichikova, S. Stuchebrov","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06011","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, ionizing radiation beams with relatively large transverse dimensions are widely used not only for research purposes but also in technological processes related to metal and food treatment, as well as medical instrument sterilization. Thus, control of beam characteristics is required, and in particular, the intensity distribution in the transverse plane must be accurately measured. The multiangle scanning method, based on mathematical transformations, allows overcoming the limitations of modern detectors used for these purposes. In this study, the method was applied to an electron beam. A detection system based on scintillating fiber was used. The beam profile was measured using the proposed method and a conventional detector — a film dosimeter. Experimental results allow to conclude that the beam intensity distribution obtained using the multiangle scanning method is close to the results obtained using a film dosimeter, which is most often used in medical institutions. Thus, we can consider the multiangle scanning method as an effective approach for determining the intensity distribution of an electron beam.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06014
A. Shahverdyan, K. Trouni, V. Kocharyan
The purpose of the work is to consider the basics of the formation of a diffraction wave field of thermal neutrons in the case of Laue transmission geometry of a limited beam of neutrons in the crystal, taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of thermal neutrons with a continuously and slowly changing deformation field of the crystal net. The conditions of both diffraction blurring and diffraction contraction (focusing) up to the practical restoration of the original shape of the packet will be studied. An integral form for determining the quasi-amplitudes of diffracted waves within the framework of the original spatially inhomogeneous beams is formulated, based on the constructed functions of the influence of a point source of thermal neutron waves for crystals with a continues deformation field. It has been shown that neutron focusing is effective, which is revealed by a smaller half-width of the focal spot, an increase in the resolving power of the energy spectrum and focusing efficiency.
{"title":"Dynamic diffraction of thermal neutrons in crystals with continuous deformation field","authors":"A. Shahverdyan, K. Trouni, V. Kocharyan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06014","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to consider the basics of the formation of a diffraction wave field of thermal neutrons in the case of Laue transmission geometry of a limited beam of neutrons in the crystal, taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of thermal neutrons with a continuously and slowly changing deformation field of the crystal net. The conditions of both diffraction blurring and diffraction contraction (focusing) up to the practical restoration of the original shape of the packet will be studied. An integral form for determining the quasi-amplitudes of diffracted waves within the framework of the original spatially inhomogeneous beams is formulated, based on the constructed functions of the influence of a point source of thermal neutron waves for crystals with a continues deformation field. It has been shown that neutron focusing is effective, which is revealed by a smaller half-width of the focal spot, an increase in the resolving power of the energy spectrum and focusing efficiency.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/T06006
Geunwoo Kim, Eun-San Kim, Jang Won Kwon, Siwon Jang
In this study, we describe the fabrication of an electrostatic beam position monitor (BPM) for beam diagnostic systems. Calibration of the BPM pickup requires both sensitivity and curve fitting owing to manufacturing tolerances following fabrication. To calibrate the BPM, we developed a BPM calibration system that comprises a wire-based test bench and readout electronics. We considered three difference-over-sum (DOS) data selection methods: DOSdiag, DOSaxis, and DOSall, to understand their impact on calibration accuracy. Each method selected specific DOS data, and we compared their characteristic curves. Consequently, we analyzed the calibration results by performing linear, 3rd-order, 5th-order, and two-dimensional (2D) 3rd-order polynomial fitting. Each of the three DOS data selection methods was examined to illustrate their advantages and limitations in terms of calibration accuracy and required amount of data. The results obtained demonstrated that choosing the appropriate DOS data-selection approach could be employed for the BPM offline calibrations, achieving minimized calibration errors and optimized response characteristics with polynomial curve fitting.
在本研究中，我们介绍了用于光束诊断系统的静电光束位置监测器（BPM）的制造过程。校准 BPM 拾波器需要灵敏度和曲线拟合，这是因为制造过程中存在制造公差。为了校准 BPM，我们开发了一套 BPM 校准系统，该系统由线性测试台和读出电子设备组成。我们考虑了三种求和差（DOS）数据选择方法：DOSdiag、DOSaxis 和 DOSall，以了解它们对校准精度的影响。每种方法都选择了特定的 DOS 数据，我们比较了它们的特性曲线。因此，我们通过进行线性、三阶、五阶和二维（2D）三阶多项式拟合来分析校准结果。我们对三种 DOS 数据选择方法进行了研究，以说明它们在校准精度和所需数据量方面的优势和局限性。研究结果表明，选择适当的 DOS 数据选择方法可用于 BPM 离线校准，通过多项式曲线拟合实现校准误差最小化和响应特性最优化。
{"title":"Three data-selection approaches for beam position monitor offline calibration","authors":"Geunwoo Kim, Eun-San Kim, Jang Won Kwon, Siwon Jang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/T06006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/T06006","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we describe the fabrication of an electrostatic beam position monitor (BPM) for beam diagnostic systems. Calibration of the BPM pickup requires both sensitivity and curve fitting owing to manufacturing tolerances following fabrication. To calibrate the BPM, we developed a BPM calibration system that comprises a wire-based test bench and readout electronics. We considered three difference-over-sum (DOS) data selection methods: DOSdiag, DOSaxis, and DOSall, to understand their impact on calibration accuracy. Each method selected specific DOS data, and we compared their characteristic curves. Consequently, we analyzed the calibration results by performing linear, 3rd-order, 5th-order, and two-dimensional (2D) 3rd-order polynomial fitting. Each of the three DOS data selection methods was examined to illustrate their advantages and limitations in terms of calibration accuracy and required amount of data. The results obtained demonstrated that choosing the appropriate DOS data-selection approach could be employed for the BPM offline calibrations, achieving minimized calibration errors and optimized response characteristics with polynomial curve fitting.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06010
M. Costa
The MIP Timing Detector (MTD) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is designed to provide precision timing information (with resolution of ∼40 ps per layer) for charged particles, with hermetic coverage up to a pseudo-rapidity of |η| = 3. This upgrade will reduce the effects of pile-up expected under the High-Luminosity LHC running conditions and brings new and unique capabilities to the CMS detector. The time information assigned to each track will enable the use of 4D reconstruction algorithms and will further discriminate in the time domain interaction vertices within the same bunch crossing to recover the track purity of vertices in current LHC conditions. The endcap region of the MTD, called the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) will be instrumented with silicon-based low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs), covering the high radiation pseudo-rapidity region between |η| = 1.6 and 3.0. Each endcap will be instrumented with a two-disk system of LGADs, read out by Endcap Timing Readout Chips (ETROCs), being designed for precision timing measurements. We will present an overview of the MTD ETL design, which is detailed in the MTD technical design report. We will also present the R&D and test beam studies that were instrumental for achieving the ETL design, characterization of the LGAD sensors, as well as recent progress on the development of the ETROC readout electronics.
{"title":"Low gain avalanche detectors for precision timing in the CMS MTD endcap timing layer","authors":"M. Costa","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/C06010","url":null,"abstract":"The MIP Timing Detector (MTD) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is designed to provide precision timing information (with resolution of ∼40 ps per layer) for charged particles, with hermetic coverage up to a pseudo-rapidity of |η| = 3. This upgrade will reduce the effects of pile-up expected under the High-Luminosity LHC running conditions and brings new and unique capabilities to the CMS detector. The time information assigned to each track will enable the use of 4D reconstruction algorithms and will further discriminate in the time domain interaction vertices within the same bunch crossing to recover the track purity of vertices in current LHC conditions. The endcap region of the MTD, called the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) will be instrumented with silicon-based low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs), covering the high radiation pseudo-rapidity region between |η| = 1.6 and 3.0. Each endcap will be instrumented with a two-disk system of LGADs, read out by Endcap Timing Readout Chips (ETROCs), being designed for precision timing measurements. We will present an overview of the MTD ETL design, which is detailed in the MTD technical design report. We will also present the R&D and test beam studies that were instrumental for achieving the ETL design, characterization of the LGAD sensors, as well as recent progress on the development of the ETROC readout electronics.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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