Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12007
P. Bhat, S. Jindariani, G. Ambrosio, G. Apollinari, S. Belomestnykh, A. Bross, J. Butler, A. Canepa, S. Dasu, D. Elvira, P. Fox, Z. Gecse, E. Gianfelice-Wendt, S. Gourlay, P. Merkel, S. Nagaitsev, E. Nanni, D. Neuffer, H. Piekarz, S. Posen, T. Sen, V. Shiltsev, N. Solyak, D. Stratakis, M. Syphers, C. Vernieri, G. Velev, V. Yakovlev, K. Yonehara, A. Zlobin
The United States has a rich history in high energy particle accelerators and colliders — both lepton and hadron machines, which have enabled several major discoveries in elementary particle physics. To ensure continued progress in the field, U.S. leadership as a key partner in building next generation collider facilities abroad is essential; also critically important is to prepare to host an energy frontier collider in the U.S. once the construction of the LBNF/DUNE project is completed. In this paper, we briefly discuss the ongoing and potential U.S. engagement in proposed collider projects abroad and present a number of future collider options we have studied for hosting an energy frontier collider in the U.S. We also call for initiating an integrated national R&D program in the U.S. now, focused on future colliders.
{"title":"Future high energy colliders and options for the U.S.","authors":"P. Bhat, S. Jindariani, G. Ambrosio, G. Apollinari, S. Belomestnykh, A. Bross, J. Butler, A. Canepa, S. Dasu, D. Elvira, P. Fox, Z. Gecse, E. Gianfelice-Wendt, S. Gourlay, P. Merkel, S. Nagaitsev, E. Nanni, D. Neuffer, H. Piekarz, S. Posen, T. Sen, V. Shiltsev, N. Solyak, D. Stratakis, M. Syphers, C. Vernieri, G. Velev, V. Yakovlev, K. Yonehara, A. Zlobin","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/P12007","url":null,"abstract":"The United States has a rich history in high energy particle accelerators and colliders — both lepton and hadron machines, which have enabled several major discoveries in elementary particle physics. To ensure continued progress in the field, U.S. leadership as a key partner in building next generation collider facilities abroad is essential; also critically important is to prepare to host an energy frontier collider in the U.S. once the construction of the LBNF/DUNE project is completed. In this paper, we briefly discuss the ongoing and potential U.S. engagement in proposed collider projects abroad and present a number of future collider options we have studied for hosting an energy frontier collider in the U.S. We also call for initiating an integrated national R&D program in the U.S. now, focused on future colliders.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12020
Lishuang Ma, LingYue Chen, Guorui Huang, Jun Hu, Xiaorou Han, Z. Hua, Xian-chao Huang, Muchun Jin, Xiaoshan Jiang, Zhen Jin, Shulin Liu, Weiyan Pan, Sen Qian, L. Ren, S. Si, Jiannin Sun, Long Wei, Qi Wu, Tianyi Wang, Xingchao Wang, Yifang Wang, Yingjie Wang, Z. Wang, Ning Wang, Kai Wu, Xiong Yan, Jingbo Ye, Haoda Zhang, Zhiming Zhang
The improvement of time resolution in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) relies on the development of scintillation materials and photodetectors. With the introduction of Cherenkov TOF-PET, higher requirements have been placed on the intrinsic timing performance of photodetectors. Our team has proposed a Cherenkov Radiator Window Photomultiplier tube (CRW-FPMT) that uses the Cherenkov radiator directly as the light window, which eliminates the boundary between the scintillator and the photodetector for fast time resolution. This paper mainly discusses the factors influencing its time resolution and optimizes it to achieve a single photon time resolution of 27.2 ps.
{"title":"The time resolution improvement of Cherenkov-Radiator-Window Photomultiplier tube","authors":"Lishuang Ma, LingYue Chen, Guorui Huang, Jun Hu, Xiaorou Han, Z. Hua, Xian-chao Huang, Muchun Jin, Xiaoshan Jiang, Zhen Jin, Shulin Liu, Weiyan Pan, Sen Qian, L. Ren, S. Si, Jiannin Sun, Long Wei, Qi Wu, Tianyi Wang, Xingchao Wang, Yifang Wang, Yingjie Wang, Z. Wang, Ning Wang, Kai Wu, Xiong Yan, Jingbo Ye, Haoda Zhang, Zhiming Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12020","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement of time resolution in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) relies on the development of scintillation materials and photodetectors. With the introduction of Cherenkov TOF-PET, higher requirements have been placed on the intrinsic timing performance of photodetectors. Our team has proposed a Cherenkov Radiator Window Photomultiplier tube (CRW-FPMT) that uses the Cherenkov radiator directly as the light window, which eliminates the boundary between the scintillator and the photodetector for fast time resolution. This paper mainly discusses the factors influencing its time resolution and optimizes it to achieve a single photon time resolution of 27.2 ps.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12006
Y.S. Huang, X.Y. Li, Y.H. Li, H.H. Lu, Y.W. Yang, W. Chen, Z.Q. Li, S.T. Zhao, Y.J. Sun, L. Zhang, S.C. Sun, K.Y. Gong
A merged four-row APPLE-Knot undulator has been manufactured at the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS) and the magnetic field tunning has been completed. Inclined magnetization magnetic blocks are used in this undulator in large scale, new skills are used in magnetic blocks' manufacturing and assembling. Magnet field tunning is conducted by combination of various methods and resulted in a satisfactory photon performance. The practical mechanical deformation of aluminum girder has been measured and compared with theoretical calculation, results indicate a significant discrepancy between these two data, the reasons causing this discrepancy have also been analyzed. The merged four-row APPLE-Knot undulator at HEPS holds significant reference value for its uniqueness and specificity.
{"title":"The manufacture and magnetic field tuning of a merged four-row APPLE-Knot undulator at HEPS","authors":"Y.S. Huang, X.Y. Li, Y.H. Li, H.H. Lu, Y.W. Yang, W. Chen, Z.Q. Li, S.T. Zhao, Y.J. Sun, L. Zhang, S.C. Sun, K.Y. Gong","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12006","url":null,"abstract":"A merged four-row APPLE-Knot undulator has been manufactured at the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS) and the magnetic field tunning has been completed. Inclined magnetization magnetic blocks are used in this undulator in large scale, new skills are used in magnetic blocks' manufacturing and assembling. Magnet field tunning is conducted by combination of various methods and resulted in a satisfactory photon performance. The practical mechanical deformation of aluminum girder has been measured and compared with theoretical calculation, results indicate a significant discrepancy between these two data, the reasons causing this discrepancy have also been analyzed. The merged four-row APPLE-Knot undulator at HEPS holds significant reference value for its uniqueness and specificity.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"108 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12004
W. Long, X. Li, Y. Liu, B. Wu, S. Liu, C. Zhang, S. Chen, J. Zhu, Z. Lu, X. Li, J. Wu
A new generation of domestically generic control and data acquisition AMC module has been developed to meet the requirements of the upgrade and renovation of the RCS LLRF system in the CSNS-II project, as well as the horizontal testing needs of the SAPS-TP. This module complies with the MicroTCA.4 standard and utilizes the Xilinx ZYNQ 7045 SOC as the core data processing chip. It can simultaneously run FPGA algorithms and the EPICS IOC remote control application program, serving as an autonomous control node. The module is equipped with 8 channels of 125 MSPS 16-bit ADC and 2 channels of 16-bit DAC with a maximum sampling rate of up to 500 MSPS. It also features standard expansion interface, front optical panel fiber interface, external clock interface, front panel digital IO interface, and more, catering to the needs of multiple systems in accelerator facilities such as radio-frequency, beam diagnostics, and control system. Additionally, the module can function independently for smaller-scale experimental and testing systems, such as the LLRF system for horizontal testing of SAPS-TP. To guarantee the seamless integration and proper operation of the AMC module within the MicroTCA.4 ecosystem, the MMC mezzanine card has been developed and thoroughly tested. In order to further reduce costs for small-scale systems, we optimized the software of the MMC so that the AMC board can run without the MCH module and realize self-health monitoring. For common applications, we have developed a complete software architecture and demo programs, including FPGA firmware, embedded Linux operating system, kernel driver modules, and EPICS IOC demo application programs. Detailed measurements have been conducted on hardware performance such as SNR, SFDR, channel isolation, as well as software performance including AXI DMA data bandwidth and system resources utilization, etc. The measurement results indicate that the module's performance indicators meet the design requirements.
{"title":"Design and development of MTCA.4-based generic control and data acquisition module for CSNS-II and SAPS-TP","authors":"W. Long, X. Li, Y. Liu, B. Wu, S. Liu, C. Zhang, S. Chen, J. Zhu, Z. Lu, X. Li, J. Wu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12004","url":null,"abstract":"A new generation of domestically generic control and data acquisition AMC module has been developed to meet the requirements of the upgrade and renovation of the RCS LLRF system in the CSNS-II project, as well as the horizontal testing needs of the SAPS-TP. This module complies with the MicroTCA.4 standard and utilizes the Xilinx ZYNQ 7045 SOC as the core data processing chip. It can simultaneously run FPGA algorithms and the EPICS IOC remote control application program, serving as an autonomous control node. The module is equipped with 8 channels of 125 MSPS 16-bit ADC and 2 channels of 16-bit DAC with a maximum sampling rate of up to 500 MSPS. It also features standard expansion interface, front optical panel fiber interface, external clock interface, front panel digital IO interface, and more, catering to the needs of multiple systems in accelerator facilities such as radio-frequency, beam diagnostics, and control system. Additionally, the module can function independently for smaller-scale experimental and testing systems, such as the LLRF system for horizontal testing of SAPS-TP. To guarantee the seamless integration and proper operation of the AMC module within the MicroTCA.4 ecosystem, the MMC mezzanine card has been developed and thoroughly tested. In order to further reduce costs for small-scale systems, we optimized the software of the MMC so that the AMC board can run without the MCH module and realize self-health monitoring. For common applications, we have developed a complete software architecture and demo programs, including FPGA firmware, embedded Linux operating system, kernel driver modules, and EPICS IOC demo application programs. Detailed measurements have been conducted on hardware performance such as SNR, SFDR, channel isolation, as well as software performance including AXI DMA data bandwidth and system resources utilization, etc. The measurement results indicate that the module's performance indicators meet the design requirements.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12003
Z.H. Hua, S. Qian, H. Cai, D.P. Chen, D.J. Du, R.R. Fan, J.F. Han, P. Hu, W.C. Li, S. Liu, Y. Liu, L.S. Ma, L.S. Qin, J. Ren, Z.X. Sui, X.Y. Sun, G. Tang, Z.L. Wang, D. Yang, S.H. Yin, M.H. Zhang, Y. Zhu
In 2021, the Institute of High Energy Physics proposed a design of glass scintillator coupled with SiPM as a new solution for the next generation calorimeter, to explore the application of glass scintillators in high energy physics and nuclear radiation detection. The Large Area Glass Scintillator Collaboration Group was established to research and develop a glass scintillator with high density, high light yields and fast decay time. Through continuous optimization, the glasses have excellent scintillation performance with a light yield of 1000 ph/MeV and a density of 6 g/cm3. Moreover, the neutron response of the glasses was investigated, and different high-energy particles can be distinguished by signal amplitude. In addition, the radiation resistance of different glasses was tested under proton beam. All the glasses appeared opaque and produced a high radioactive background, because Gd element interacts with proton to produce radionuclides with high activity and long half-life.
{"title":"R&D of glass scintillator for nuclear radiation detection","authors":"Z.H. Hua, S. Qian, H. Cai, D.P. Chen, D.J. Du, R.R. Fan, J.F. Han, P. Hu, W.C. Li, S. Liu, Y. Liu, L.S. Ma, L.S. Qin, J. Ren, Z.X. Sui, X.Y. Sun, G. Tang, Z.L. Wang, D. Yang, S.H. Yin, M.H. Zhang, Y. Zhu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12003","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, the Institute of High Energy Physics proposed a design of glass scintillator coupled with SiPM as a new solution for the next generation calorimeter, to explore the application of glass scintillators in high energy physics and nuclear radiation detection. The Large Area Glass Scintillator Collaboration Group was established to research and develop a glass scintillator with high density, high light yields and fast decay time. Through continuous optimization, the glasses have excellent scintillation performance with a light yield of 1000 ph/MeV and a density of 6 g/cm3. Moreover, the neutron response of the glasses was investigated, and different high-energy particles can be distinguished by signal amplitude. In addition, the radiation resistance of different glasses was tested under proton beam. All the glasses appeared opaque and produced a high radioactive background, because Gd element interacts with proton to produce radionuclides with high activity and long half-life.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12002
Xinghui Wang, Yong-jun Cheng, Lian Chen, Meng Dong, Tianyou Feng, Lan Zhao, Ruifang Zhang
The core component of a quadrupole mass spectrometer is the quadrupole mass filter, serving a crucial role in ion analysis. It operates by applying two sets of high-voltage, high-frequency signals with equal amplitude and opposing phases through the radio frequency power supply, capitalizing on variations in the electric field and differences in mass-to-charge ratios to separate incoming ions. This study leverages direct digital frequency synthesis technology and multi-stage voltage amplification techniques to design a tailored radio frequency power supply for quadrupole mass spectrometers with a broad mass range. Practical testing demonstrates that this power supply generates radio frequency high-voltage signals with a peak-to-peak voltage ranging from 2.210 V to 4.220 kV at a resonant frequency of 1.240 MHz, facilitating the separation of ions with distinct m/z values. Furthermore, the radio frequency power supply is integrated into a Self-developed quadrupole mass spectrometer, enabling an assessment of the mass range, resolution, stability of the spectrometer. The results of these assessments confirm that the developed power supply accommodates scanning of m/z value ions in the range of 1 to 1067 while maintaining an absolute resolution of less than m/z = 1 units and an instrument stability of 2.00% over four hours.and keywords.
四极质谱计的核心部件是四极质过滤器，在离子分析中起着至关重要的作用。它的工作原理是通过射频电源施加两组振幅相等、相位相反的高压高频信号，利用电场的变化和质荷比的差异来分离进入的离子。本研究利用直接数字频率合成技术和多级电压放大技术，为宽质量范围的四极杆质谱仪设计了量身定制的射频电源。实际测试表明，该电源在谐振频率为1.240 MHz的情况下产生峰值电压为2.210 V ~ 4.220 kV的射频高压信号，有利于m/z值不同的离子的分离。此外，射频电源集成到自主开发的四极杆质谱仪中，可以对光谱仪的质量范围，分辨率和稳定性进行评估。这些评估的结果证实，开发的电源可以在1到1067的范围内扫描m/z值离子，同时保持小于m/z = 1单位的绝对分辨率和仪器在4小时内2.00%的稳定性。和关键词。
{"title":"Development of a high-voltage radio frequency power supply for quadrupole mass spectrometers with a wide dynamic measurement range","authors":"Xinghui Wang, Yong-jun Cheng, Lian Chen, Meng Dong, Tianyou Feng, Lan Zhao, Ruifang Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/T12002","url":null,"abstract":"The core component of a quadrupole mass spectrometer is the quadrupole mass filter, serving a crucial role in ion analysis. It operates by applying two sets of high-voltage, high-frequency signals with equal amplitude and opposing phases through the radio frequency power supply, capitalizing on variations in the electric field and differences in mass-to-charge ratios to separate incoming ions. This study leverages direct digital frequency synthesis technology and multi-stage voltage amplification techniques to design a tailored radio frequency power supply for quadrupole mass spectrometers with a broad mass range. Practical testing demonstrates that this power supply generates radio frequency high-voltage signals with a peak-to-peak voltage ranging from 2.210 V to 4.220 kV at a resonant frequency of 1.240 MHz, facilitating the separation of ions with distinct m/z values. Furthermore, the radio frequency power supply is integrated into a Self-developed quadrupole mass spectrometer, enabling an assessment of the mass range, resolution, stability of the spectrometer. The results of these assessments confirm that the developed power supply accommodates scanning of m/z value ions in the range of 1 to 1067 while maintaining an absolute resolution of less than m/z = 1 units and an instrument stability of 2.00% over four hours.and keywords.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12007
T. Wei, H. Yang, Z. Deng, T. Xue, X. Wang
EMPIX2 is a novel hybrid pixel detector readout ASIC for electron microscopy with a maximum frame rate of 100 kfps and a very large dynamic range (5 × 105:1). It features 128 × 128 square pixels at a pitch of 150 μm. Adaptive gain switching and charge pump technology are applied to enhance the dynamic range. The pixels can operate in two modes: pulse mode and continuous mode. In pulse mode, ultra-fast gain switching enables a rapid response to pulsed electron sources, making it highly suitable for UEM applications. In continuous mode, the power consumption and dynamic range are optimized for STEM applications. The readout is frame-based, and digital image data is output by 64 pairs of LVDS drivers working in DDR mode at a clock frequency of 400 MHz. A dedicated data acquisition system was developed for the transmission and processing of the image data. Preliminary verification of the readout chip was performed using an on-chip calibration source.
{"title":"Design and evaluation of EMPIX2, a 100 kfps, high dynamic range pixel detector readout ASIC for electron microscopy","authors":"T. Wei, H. Yang, Z. Deng, T. Xue, X. Wang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12007","url":null,"abstract":"EMPIX2 is a novel hybrid pixel detector readout ASIC for electron microscopy with a maximum frame rate of 100 kfps and a very large dynamic range (5 × 105:1). It features 128 × 128 square pixels at a pitch of 150 μm. Adaptive gain switching and charge pump technology are applied to enhance the dynamic range. The pixels can operate in two modes: pulse mode and continuous mode. In pulse mode, ultra-fast gain switching enables a rapid response to pulsed electron sources, making it highly suitable for UEM applications. In continuous mode, the power consumption and dynamic range are optimized for STEM applications. The readout is frame-based, and digital image data is output by 64 pairs of LVDS drivers working in DDR mode at a clock frequency of 400 MHz. A dedicated data acquisition system was developed for the transmission and processing of the image data. Preliminary verification of the readout chip was performed using an on-chip calibration source.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12018
G. Tinti
The NA62 experiment at CERN took data in 2016–2018 with the main goal of measuring the K + → νν̅ decay. The NA62 dataset is also exploited to search for light feebly interacting particles produced in kaon decays. Searches for K + → e + N and K + → μ + N decays, where N is a massive invisible particle, are performed. The N particle is assumed to be a heavy neutral lepton, and the results are expressed as upper limits of 𝒪(10-8) the neutrino mixing parameter |U14|2, where l = e,μ. Dedicated trigger lines were employed to collect di-lepton final states, which allowed stringent upper limits to be established for the rates lepton flavor and lepton number violating kaon decays. Upper limits on the rates of several K + decays violating lepton flavour and lepton number conservation, obtained by analysing this dataset, are presented here.
欧洲核子研究中心的NA62实验在2016-2018年期间采集了数据，主要目标是测量K+→νν̅衰变。此外，还利用 NA62 数据集搜索在 kaon 衰变中产生的轻微弱相互作用粒子。对 K + → e + N 和 K + → μ + N 衰变进行了搜索，其中 N 是一个大质量隐形粒子。N粒子被假定为重中性轻子，结果以中微子混合参数|U14|2的𝒪(10-8)上限表示，其中l = e,μ。专用的触发线被用来收集二轻子最终态，从而为轻子味道和轻子数目违反高昂子衰变的速率确定了严格的上限。本文介绍了通过分析该数据集获得的几种违反轻子味道和轻子数目守恒的 K + 衰变的速率上限。
{"title":"Physics beyond the Standard Model with NA62","authors":"G. Tinti","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12018","url":null,"abstract":"The NA62 experiment at CERN took data in 2016–2018 with the main goal of measuring the K + → νν̅ decay. The NA62 dataset is also exploited to search for light feebly interacting particles produced in kaon decays. Searches for K + → e + N and K + → μ + N decays, where N is a massive invisible particle, are performed. The N particle is assumed to be a heavy neutral lepton, and the results are expressed as upper limits of 𝒪(10-8) the neutrino mixing parameter |U14|2, where l = e,μ. Dedicated trigger lines were employed to collect di-lepton final states, which allowed stringent upper limits to be established for the rates lepton flavor and lepton number violating kaon decays. Upper limits on the rates of several K + decays violating lepton flavour and lepton number conservation, obtained by analysing this dataset, are presented here.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"57 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12019
H. Sakai, K. Tanaka, T. Kinoshita
Phase contrast imaging (PCI) has been used for the turbulence profile measurement in Large Helical Devices; however, it does not have sufficient spatial resolution owing to the small number of two-dimensional (2D) detector elements. Therefore, in this study, we limited the measurement target to steady-state plasmas and conduct a pseudo multichanneling of a 2D detector array by sweeping using a one-dimensional detector. This new system is called SD-PCI. SD-PCI needs two detectors, one is one-dimensional detector and the other is single channel detector. By selecting suitable detector and imaging magnification for target turbulence or device characteristics, SD-PCI demonstrates the potential capability and enhancements. The wavenumber spectra comparison from the correlation calculations of the simultaneous measurement of the actual plasma with conventional 2D-PCI and proposed SD-PCI shows that SD-PCI is as effective as 2D-PCI in spectral broadening. The simplicity of the proposed system is expected to be applicable to various devices. In this paper, the SD-PCI system was explained along with the initial results of the 2D wavenumber spectrum calculation, which was necessary for obtaining turbulence profile.
{"title":"Development of sweeping detector phase contrast imaging in Large Helical Device","authors":"H. Sakai, K. Tanaka, T. Kinoshita","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12019","url":null,"abstract":"Phase contrast imaging (PCI) has been used for the turbulence profile measurement in Large Helical Devices; however, it does not have sufficient spatial resolution owing to the small number of two-dimensional (2D) detector elements. Therefore, in this study, we limited the measurement target to steady-state plasmas and conduct a pseudo multichanneling of a 2D detector array by sweeping using a one-dimensional detector. This new system is called SD-PCI. SD-PCI needs two detectors, one is one-dimensional detector and the other is single channel detector. By selecting suitable detector and imaging magnification for target turbulence or device characteristics, SD-PCI demonstrates the potential capability and enhancements. The wavenumber spectra comparison from the correlation calculations of the simultaneous measurement of the actual plasma with conventional 2D-PCI and proposed SD-PCI shows that SD-PCI is as effective as 2D-PCI in spectral broadening. The simplicity of the proposed system is expected to be applicable to various devices. In this paper, the SD-PCI system was explained along with the initial results of the 2D wavenumber spectrum calculation, which was necessary for obtaining turbulence profile.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"571 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12005
P. Leguina
Displaced muons serve as a crucial indicator of novel physics extending beyond the standard model. Several theoretical frameworks posit the existence of muons with extended lifetimes, which can materialize through collisions at the LHC. This study presents the firmware implementation of an algorithm to reconstruct displaced muons using the Overlap Muon Track Finder (OMTF) of the CMS Level-1 Trigger System (L1T) targeting the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The firmware response is evaluated at the simulation level, comparing the results with those of the emulator, and then the algorithm is implemented on an FPGA.
{"title":"Firmware implementation of a displaced muon reconstruction algorithm for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS muon system","authors":"P. Leguina","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/C12005","url":null,"abstract":"Displaced muons serve as a crucial indicator of novel physics extending beyond the standard model. Several theoretical frameworks posit the existence of muons with extended lifetimes, which can materialize through collisions at the LHC. This study presents the firmware implementation of an algorithm to reconstruct displaced muons using the Overlap Muon Track Finder (OMTF) of the CMS Level-1 Trigger System (L1T) targeting the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The firmware response is evaluated at the simulation level, comparing the results with those of the emulator, and then the algorithm is implemented on an FPGA.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138987241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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