Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11001
Botan Wang, Haoqian Xu, Kai Sun, Daming Liu, Dong Han, Yi Wang, Lei Zhao, Baohong Guo, Hexiang Wang, Shiya Huang
Abstract We report the beam test and result of the sealed Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) for the external Time of Flight (eTOF) wall of the Cooler-strorage-ring External-target Experiment (CEE). The test stand detects the secondary charged particles produced from heavy ion collisions in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), and it serves as a joint evaluation of the future CEE system, including the detectors, readout electronics, data acquisition, trigger system, etc. The collision is achieved by a Fe beam and a Fe target, with an estimated beam energy of 300 MeV/u. The sealed MRPC prototypes work stably during the test with a 20 sccm low gas flow. The whole test system is triggered from the channel multiplicity provided by the TOF detectors. A tracking method is implemented to the analysis in order to resolve the events with multiple tracks on the detectors. The result shows that the detectors reach 98% efficiency at their working point. With proper corrections, the time resolution is evaluated to be 60 ps, which fulfills the requirement to the eTOF wall.
{"title":"Beam test result of the sealed MRPC prototype for CEE-eTOF","authors":"Botan Wang, Haoqian Xu, Kai Sun, Daming Liu, Dong Han, Yi Wang, Lei Zhao, Baohong Guo, Hexiang Wang, Shiya Huang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the beam test and result of the sealed Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) for the external Time of Flight (eTOF) wall of the Cooler-strorage-ring External-target Experiment (CEE). The test stand detects the secondary charged particles produced from heavy ion collisions in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), and it serves as a joint evaluation of the future CEE system, including the detectors, readout electronics, data acquisition, trigger system, etc. The collision is achieved by a Fe beam and a Fe target, with an estimated beam energy of 300 MeV/u. The sealed MRPC prototypes work stably during the test with a 20 sccm low gas flow. The whole test system is triggered from the channel multiplicity provided by the TOF detectors. A tracking method is implemented to the analysis in order to resolve the events with multiple tracks on the detectors. The result shows that the detectors reach 98% efficiency at their working point. With proper corrections, the time resolution is evaluated to be 60 ps, which fulfills the requirement to the eTOF wall.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"38 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11004
A. Novak, C. Granja, A. Sagatova, J. Jakubek, B. Zatko, V. Vondracek, M. Andrlik, V. Zach, S. Polansky, A. Rathi, C. Oancea
Abstract The hybrid architecture of the Timepix (TPX) family of detectors enables the use of different semiconductor sensors, most commonly silicon (Si), as well as high-density materials such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). For this purpose, we explore the potential of a silicon carbide (SiC) sensor bump-bonded on a Timepix3 detector as a radiation imaging and particle tracking detector. SiC stands as a radiation-hard material also with the ability to operate at elevated temperatures up to several hundreds of degrees Celsius. As a result, this sensor material is more suitable for radiation harsh environments compared to conventional e.g., Si sensors. In this work, we evaluate the response for precise radiation spectrometry and high-resolution particle tracking of newly developed SiC Timepix3 detector which is built and operated as a compact radiation camera MiniPIX-Timepix3 with integrated readout electronics. Calibration measurements were conducted with mono-energetic proton beams with energies of 13, 22, and 31 MeV at the U-120M cyclotron at the Nuclear Physics Institute Czech Academy of Science (NPI CAS), Prague, as well as 100 and 226 MeV at the Proton Therapy Center Czech (PTC) in Prague. High-resolution pattern recognition analysis and single-particle spectral tracking are used for detailed inspection and understanding of the sensor response. Results include distributions of deposited energy and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. The spatial uniformity of the pixelated detector response is examined in terms of homogeneously distributed deposited energy.
{"title":"Silicon Carbide Timepix3 detector for quantum-imaging detection and spectral tracking of charged particles in wide range of energy and field-of-view","authors":"A. Novak, C. Granja, A. Sagatova, J. Jakubek, B. Zatko, V. Vondracek, M. Andrlik, V. Zach, S. Polansky, A. Rathi, C. Oancea","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hybrid architecture of the Timepix (TPX) family of detectors enables the use of different semiconductor sensors, most commonly silicon (Si), as well as high-density materials such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). For this purpose, we explore the potential of a silicon carbide (SiC) sensor bump-bonded on a Timepix3 detector as a radiation imaging and particle tracking detector. SiC stands as a radiation-hard material also with the ability to operate at elevated temperatures up to several hundreds of degrees Celsius. As a result, this sensor material is more suitable for radiation harsh environments compared to conventional e.g., Si sensors. In this work, we evaluate the response for precise radiation spectrometry and high-resolution particle tracking of newly developed SiC Timepix3 detector which is built and operated as a compact radiation camera MiniPIX-Timepix3 with integrated readout electronics. Calibration measurements were conducted with mono-energetic proton beams with energies of 13, 22, and 31 MeV at the U-120M cyclotron at the Nuclear Physics Institute Czech Academy of Science (NPI CAS), Prague, as well as 100 and 226 MeV at the Proton Therapy Center Czech (PTC) in Prague. High-resolution pattern recognition analysis and single-particle spectral tracking are used for detailed inspection and understanding of the sensor response. Results include distributions of deposited energy and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. The spatial uniformity of the pixelated detector response is examined in terms of homogeneously distributed deposited energy.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"304 1-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11006
Georges Aad, Braden Keim Abbott, Kira Abeling, Nils Julius Abicht, Haider Abidi, Asmaa Aboulhorma, Halina Abramowicz, Henso Abreu, Yiming Abulaiti, Angel Abusleme, Bobby Samir Acharya, Claire Adam Bourdarios, Leszek Adamczyk, Lukas Adamek, Sagar Addepalli, Matt Addison, Jahred Adelman, Aytul Adiguzel, Tim Adye, Tony Affolder, Yoav Afik, Merve Nazlim Agaras, Jinky Agarwala, Anamika Aggarwal, Catalin Agheorghiesei, Ammara Ahmad, Faig Ahmadov, Waleed Syed Ahmed, Sudha Ahuja, Xiaocong Ai, Giulio Aielli, Arya Aikot, Malak Ait Tamlihat, Brahim Aitbenchikh, Iakov Aizenberg, Melike Akbiyik, Torsten Akesson, Andrei Akimov, Daiya Akiyama, Nilima Nilesh Akolkar, Konie Al Khoury, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Justin Albert, Pietro Albicocco, Guillaume Lucas Albouy, Sara Alderweireldt, Martin Aleksa, Igor Alexandrov, Calin Alexa, Theodoros Alexopoulos, Fabrizio Alfonsi, Malte Algren, Muhammad Alhroob, Babar Ali, Hanadi Ali, Shahzad Ali, Samuel William Alibocus, Malik Aliev, Gianluca Alimonti, Wael Alkakhi, Corentin Allaire, Benedict Allbrooke, Julia Frances Allen, Cristian Andres Allendes Flores, Philip Patrick Allport, Alberto Aloisio, Francisco Alonso, Cristiano Alpigiani, Manuel Alvarez Estevez, Adrian Alvarez Fernandez, Mario Alves Cardoso, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Mohamed Aly, Yara Do Amaral Coutinho, Alessandro Ambler, Christoph Amelung, Maximilian Amerl, Christoph Ames, Dante Amidei, Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos, Kieran Robert Amos, Viktor Ananiev, Christos Anastopoulos, Timothy Robert Andeen, John Kenneth Anders, Stefio Yosse Andrean, Attilio Andreazza, Stylianos Angelidakis, Aaron Angerami, Alexey Anisenkov, Alberto Annovi, Claire Antel, Matthew Thomas Anthony, Egor Antipov, Mario Antonelli, Fabio Anulli, Masato Aoki, Takumi Aoki, Javier Alberto Aparisi Pozo, Marco Aparo
Abstract The ATLAS experiment relies on real-time hadronic jet reconstruction and b -tagging to record fully hadronic events containing b -jets. These algorithms require track reconstruction, which is computationally expensive and could overwhelm the high-level-trigger farm, even at the reduced event rate that passes the ATLAS first stage hardware-based trigger. In LHC Run 3, ATLAS has mitigated these computational demands by introducing a fast neural-network-based b -tagger, which acts as a low-precision filter using input from hadronic jets and tracks. It runs after a hardware trigger and before the remaining high-level-trigger reconstruction. This design relies on the negligible cost of neural-network inference as compared to track reconstruction, and the cost reduction from limiting tracking to specific regions of the detector. In the case of Standard Model HH → bb̅bb̅ , a key signature relying on b -jet triggers, the filter lowers the input rate to the remaining high-level trigger by a factor of five at the small cost of reducing the overall signal efficiency by roughly 2%.
ATLAS实验依靠实时强子射流重建和b -标记来记录包含b -射流的全强子事件。这些算法需要跟踪重建，这在计算上是昂贵的，并且可能会压倒高级触发场，即使在通过ATLAS第一阶段基于硬件的触发器的降低事件率时也是如此。在LHC Run 3中，ATLAS通过引入一个快速的基于神经网络的b -标记器来减轻这些计算需求，该标记器使用来自强子射流和轨道的输入作为低精度滤波器。它在硬件触发器之后和剩余的高级触发器重构之前运行。与轨道重建相比，该设计依赖于神经网络推理的可忽略不计的成本，以及将跟踪限制在检测器的特定区域的成本降低。在标准模型HH→bb′bb′的情况下，一个依赖于b射流触发器的关键签名，滤波器将输入率降低到剩余的高电平触发器的五倍，而整体信号效率降低了大约2%。
{"title":"Fast b-tagging at the high-level trigger of the ATLAS experiment in LHC Run 3","authors":"Georges Aad, Braden Keim Abbott, Kira Abeling, Nils Julius Abicht, Haider Abidi, Asmaa Aboulhorma, Halina Abramowicz, Henso Abreu, Yiming Abulaiti, Angel Abusleme, Bobby Samir Acharya, Claire Adam Bourdarios, Leszek Adamczyk, Lukas Adamek, Sagar Addepalli, Matt Addison, Jahred Adelman, Aytul Adiguzel, Tim Adye, Tony Affolder, Yoav Afik, Merve Nazlim Agaras, Jinky Agarwala, Anamika Aggarwal, Catalin Agheorghiesei, Ammara Ahmad, Faig Ahmadov, Waleed Syed Ahmed, Sudha Ahuja, Xiaocong Ai, Giulio Aielli, Arya Aikot, Malak Ait Tamlihat, Brahim Aitbenchikh, Iakov Aizenberg, Melike Akbiyik, Torsten Akesson, Andrei Akimov, Daiya Akiyama, Nilima Nilesh Akolkar, Konie Al Khoury, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Justin Albert, Pietro Albicocco, Guillaume Lucas Albouy, Sara Alderweireldt, Martin Aleksa, Igor Alexandrov, Calin Alexa, Theodoros Alexopoulos, Fabrizio Alfonsi, Malte Algren, Muhammad Alhroob, Babar Ali, Hanadi Ali, Shahzad Ali, Samuel William Alibocus, Malik Aliev, Gianluca Alimonti, Wael Alkakhi, Corentin Allaire, Benedict Allbrooke, Julia Frances Allen, Cristian Andres Allendes Flores, Philip Patrick Allport, Alberto Aloisio, Francisco Alonso, Cristiano Alpigiani, Manuel Alvarez Estevez, Adrian Alvarez Fernandez, Mario Alves Cardoso, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Mohamed Aly, Yara Do Amaral Coutinho, Alessandro Ambler, Christoph Amelung, Maximilian Amerl, Christoph Ames, Dante Amidei, Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos, Kieran Robert Amos, Viktor Ananiev, Christos Anastopoulos, Timothy Robert Andeen, John Kenneth Anders, Stefio Yosse Andrean, Attilio Andreazza, Stylianos Angelidakis, Aaron Angerami, Alexey Anisenkov, Alberto Annovi, Claire Antel, Matthew Thomas Anthony, Egor Antipov, Mario Antonelli, Fabio Anulli, Masato Aoki, Takumi Aoki, Javier Alberto Aparisi Pozo, Marco Aparo","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ATLAS experiment relies on real-time hadronic jet reconstruction and b -tagging to record fully hadronic events containing b -jets. These algorithms require track reconstruction, which is computationally expensive and could overwhelm the high-level-trigger farm, even at the reduced event rate that passes the ATLAS first stage hardware-based trigger. In LHC Run 3, ATLAS has mitigated these computational demands by introducing a fast neural-network-based b -tagger, which acts as a low-precision filter using input from hadronic jets and tracks. It runs after a hardware trigger and before the remaining high-level-trigger reconstruction. This design relies on the negligible cost of neural-network inference as compared to track reconstruction, and the cost reduction from limiting tracking to specific regions of the detector. In the case of Standard Model HH → bb̅bb̅ , a key signature relying on b -jet triggers, the filter lowers the input rate to the remaining high-level trigger by a factor of five at the small cost of reducing the overall signal efficiency by roughly 2%.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"212 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic system, the stray light greatly affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The suppression issue is particularly severe for the low density and low temperature plasma due to very few scattered photons and narrow line broadening. The traditional methods, such as Brewster window, beam dump and transmission pipe with black-coated internal surface, have been adopted in the stray light suppression system on our Linear Magnetized Plasma (LMP) device. Moreover, an assembly of tapered apertures are placed in the optical path. Via numerical simulation, the optimal configuration of the adjustable aperture tube (size, location, and orientation) that provide the best suppression has been found. Numerical results show that the optimal aperture group with 6 mm and 8 mm tapered apertures can maintain over 97% transmission rate of the main laser energy while reducing stray light by 99.6%.
{"title":"Stray light suppression for Thomson scattering diagnostic on linear magnetized plasma device","authors":"Zhiyi Lin, Jinlin Xie, Qiaofeng Zhang, Mengmeng Xu, Qingbin Zeng","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic system, the stray light greatly affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The suppression issue is particularly severe for the low density and low temperature plasma due to very few scattered photons and narrow line broadening. The traditional methods, such as Brewster window, beam dump and transmission pipe with black-coated internal surface, have been adopted in the stray light suppression system on our Linear Magnetized Plasma (LMP) device. Moreover, an assembly of tapered apertures are placed in the optical path. Via numerical simulation, the optimal configuration of the adjustable aperture tube (size, location, and orientation) that provide the best suppression has been found. Numerical results show that the optimal aperture group with 6 mm and 8 mm tapered apertures can maintain over 97% transmission rate of the main laser energy while reducing stray light by 99.6%.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"35 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11007
Luis Felipe Cardoso Lima, Eric Cardona Romani, Felipe Lima Bourguignon, Juan Lucas Nachez, Delano Valdivino Santos Batista, Marcelino José dos Anjos, Gabriel da Cruz Ferreira, Catherine Costa Oliveira, Lidia Vasconcellos de Sá, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
Abstract Treatment and diagnosis in Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy require simulators able to mimic the human body to pre-assess the radiation behavior of new techniques and radiopharmaceuticals. Development of such simulators requires materials to behave similarly to the body tissues and with more real shapes to obtain more reliable results. XCT-A and XCT-B are new 3D printing materials that simulate cortical bone behavior. CT results confirm bone-like attenuation. X-ray fluorescence reveals the preeminent presence of Barium, Calcium, and Sulfur, and Raman spectral lines are similar to ABS material.
{"title":"3D printed cortical bone mimic-material for medical physics","authors":"Luis Felipe Cardoso Lima, Eric Cardona Romani, Felipe Lima Bourguignon, Juan Lucas Nachez, Delano Valdivino Santos Batista, Marcelino José dos Anjos, Gabriel da Cruz Ferreira, Catherine Costa Oliveira, Lidia Vasconcellos de Sá, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Treatment and diagnosis in Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy require simulators able to mimic the human body to pre-assess the radiation behavior of new techniques and radiopharmaceuticals. Development of such simulators requires materials to behave similarly to the body tissues and with more real shapes to obtain more reliable results. XCT-A and XCT-B are new 3D printing materials that simulate cortical bone behavior. CT results confirm bone-like attenuation. X-ray fluorescence reveals the preeminent presence of Barium, Calcium, and Sulfur, and Raman spectral lines are similar to ABS material.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"53 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11003
Junze Liu, Aishik Ghosh, Dylan Smith, Pierre Baldi, Daniel Whiteson
Abstract Generation of simulated detector response to collision products is crucial to data analysis in particle physics, but computationally very expensive. One subdetector, the calorimeter, dominates the computational time due to the high granularity of its cells and complexity of the interactions. Generative models can provide more rapid sample production, but currently require significant effort to optimize performance for specific detector geometries, often requiring many models to describe the varying cell sizes and arrangements, without the ability to generalize to other geometries. We develop a geometry-aware autoregressive model, which learns how the calorimeter response varies with geometry, and is capable of generating simulated responses to unseen geometries without additional training. The geometry-aware model outperforms a baseline unaware model by over 50% in several metrics such as the Wasserstein distance between the generated and the true distributions of key quantities which summarize the simulated response. A single geometry-aware model could replace the hundreds of generative models currently designed for calorimeter simulation by physicists analyzing data collected at the Large Hadron Collider. This proof-of-concept study motivates the design of a foundational model that will be a crucial tool for the study of future detectors, dramatically reducing the large upfront investment usually needed to develop generative calorimeter models.
{"title":"Generalizing to new geometries with Geometry-Aware Autoregressive Models (GAAMs) for fast calorimeter simulation","authors":"Junze Liu, Aishik Ghosh, Dylan Smith, Pierre Baldi, Daniel Whiteson","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Generation of simulated detector response to collision products is crucial to data analysis in particle physics, but computationally very expensive. One subdetector, the calorimeter, dominates the computational time due to the high granularity of its cells and complexity of the interactions. Generative models can provide more rapid sample production, but currently require significant effort to optimize performance for specific detector geometries, often requiring many models to describe the varying cell sizes and arrangements, without the ability to generalize to other geometries. We develop a geometry-aware autoregressive model, which learns how the calorimeter response varies with geometry, and is capable of generating simulated responses to unseen geometries without additional training. The geometry-aware model outperforms a baseline unaware model by over 50% in several metrics such as the Wasserstein distance between the generated and the true distributions of key quantities which summarize the simulated response. A single geometry-aware model could replace the hundreds of generative models currently designed for calorimeter simulation by physicists analyzing data collected at the Large Hadron Collider. This proof-of-concept study motivates the design of a foundational model that will be a crucial tool for the study of future detectors, dramatically reducing the large upfront investment usually needed to develop generative calorimeter models.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"33 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11010
M.J. Kholili, M. Miyahara, M. Shoji, E. Kurniawan, J.A. Prakosa, M.M. Tanaka
Abstract In this paper, we present a front-end for gigahertz applications, FGATI, which utilizes a transimpedance amplifier design to amplify the current signal from a diamond particle detector. The transimpedance amplifier design adopts a flipped-voltage-follower-based current-mirror (FVF-CM) topology as the input stage, offering advantages such as low power consumption, large transimpedance gain, gigahertz bandwidth, and reasonable noise levels. The FVF-CM topology was realized to improve noise reduction with a fully differential output configuration. The design was implemented as an ASIC chip using 65 nm CMOS silicon technology. The bandwidth measurement of the FGATI prototype demonstrated a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.2 GHz. Furthermore, the amplifier's power consumption is low, drawing only 7.2 mW/channel from a 1.2 V power supply, including the buffer stage. The measurement of the FGATI output signal indicated an excellent transimpedance gain of 79.2 dBΩ and a noise level of 6.7 mV rms . These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed front-end design in high-frequency applications.
{"title":"A low-power and high-gain frontend for GHz application using trans-impedance amplifier for fast particle detection","authors":"M.J. Kholili, M. Miyahara, M. Shoji, E. Kurniawan, J.A. Prakosa, M.M. Tanaka","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we present a front-end for gigahertz applications, FGATI, which utilizes a transimpedance amplifier design to amplify the current signal from a diamond particle detector. The transimpedance amplifier design adopts a flipped-voltage-follower-based current-mirror (FVF-CM) topology as the input stage, offering advantages such as low power consumption, large transimpedance gain, gigahertz bandwidth, and reasonable noise levels. The FVF-CM topology was realized to improve noise reduction with a fully differential output configuration. The design was implemented as an ASIC chip using 65 nm CMOS silicon technology. The bandwidth measurement of the FGATI prototype demonstrated a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.2 GHz. Furthermore, the amplifier's power consumption is low, drawing only 7.2 mW/channel from a 1.2 V power supply, including the buffer stage. The measurement of the FGATI output signal indicated an excellent transimpedance gain of 79.2 dBΩ and a noise level of 6.7 mV rms . These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed front-end design in high-frequency applications.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"18 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) has shown illustrious progress and resulted in an impressive demonstration of tens of GeV particle acceleration in meter-long single structures. To reach even higher energies in the 1 TeV to 10 TeV range, a promising scheme is channeling acceleration in solid-density plasmas within crystals or nanostructures. The E336 experiment studies the beam-nanotarget interaction with the highly compressed electron bunches available at the FACET-II accelerator. These studies furthermore involve an in-depth research on dynamics of beam-plasma instabilities in ultra-dense plasma, its development and suppression in structured media like carbon nanotubes and crystals, and its potential use to transversely modulate the electron bunch.
{"title":"Channeling acceleration in crystals and nanostructures and studies of solid plasmas: new opportunities","authors":"Ariniello, Robert, Corde, Sebastien, Davoine, Xavier, Ekerfelt, Henrik, Fiuza, Frederico, Gilljohann, Max, Gremillet, Laurent, Mankovska, Yuliia, Piekarz, Henryk, Claveria, Pablo San Miguel, Shiltsev, Vladimir, Taborek, Peter, Tajima, Toshiki","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) has shown illustrious progress and resulted in an impressive demonstration of tens of GeV particle acceleration in meter-long single structures. To reach even higher energies in the 1 TeV to 10 TeV range, a promising scheme is channeling acceleration in solid-density plasmas within crystals or nanostructures. The E336 experiment studies the beam-nanotarget interaction with the highly compressed electron bunches available at the FACET-II accelerator. These studies furthermore involve an in-depth research on dynamics of beam-plasma instabilities in ultra-dense plasma, its development and suppression in structured media like carbon nanotubes and crystals, and its potential use to transversely modulate the electron bunch.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"5 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11006
S. Wan, H. Yang, J. Zhu, C. Liu, Y. Song, Y. Jia, T. Liu, C. Zhao
Abstract A multichannel front-end readout electronics (MFEE) has been designed for readout in detectors in the heavy ion facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) and the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF). With 40 different adjustable gains, this MFEE can meet the need for most of the experiment. One MFEE can read and process the output signals of 128 channels of a detector at the same time. MFEE is based on the AD8488 chip and uses Xilinx Kintex 7 series FPGA, combined with the periphery circuits design, to complete the detector's output charge signal readout. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the MFEE.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11007
K. Yamasaki, K. Okuda, J. Kono, A. Saito, D. Mori, R. Suzuki, Y. Kambara, R. Hamada, S. Namba, K. Tomita, Y. Pan, N. Tamura, C. Suzuki, H. Okuno
Abstract We have developed a Thomson scattering measurement system for the cascade arc discharge device designed for the plasma window (PW) application study. The PW is one of the plasma application techniques that sustain the steep pressure gradient between high pressure (10–100 kPa) and a vacuum environment due to the thermal energy of the plasma. Since the plasma thermal energy is the essential parameter for the pressure separation capability of PW, we installed the Thomson scattering measurement system to observe the electron density and temperature within the anode and cathode of the PW for the detailed analysis of the pressure separation capability. The frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 200 mJ, 8 ns) was employed for the probe laser. The scattered light was fed to the triple grating spectrometer. The notch filter between the first and second grating eliminated the stray light, realizing a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio. The Thomson scattering measurement system successfully obtained the electron density and temperature of the cascade arc plasma at 20 mm downstream from the tip of the cathode. The installed system successfully obtained the Thomson scattering spectrum and showed that the electron density increased from 2 × 10 19 m -3 to 7 × 10 19 m -3 with the discharge power, while the electron temperature was almost constant at about 2 eV. The obtained data successfully contributed to the study of the pressure separation capability of the PW.
摘要针对等离子体窗(PW)的应用研究，开发了一套用于串级电弧放电装置的汤姆逊散射测量系统。PW是一种等离子体应用技术，由于等离子体的热能，它可以在高压(10-100千帕)和真空环境之间维持陡峭的压力梯度。由于等离子体热能是PW压分离能力的重要参数，我们安装了汤姆逊散射测量系统，观察PW阳极和阴极内部的电子密度和温度，详细分析PW的压分离能力。探测激光采用倍频Nd:YAG激光器(532 nm, 200 mJ, 8 ns)。散射光被送入三光栅光谱仪。第一和第二光栅之间的陷波滤波器消除了杂散光，实现了足够高的信噪比。汤姆逊散射测量系统成功地获得了距阴极尖端下游20 mm处串级电弧等离子体的电子密度和温度。实验结果表明，随着放电功率的增加，电子密度从2 × 10 19 m -3增加到7 × 10 19 m -3，而电子温度基本保持在2 eV左右。获得的数据成功地为PW的压力分离能力的研究做出了贡献。
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