Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第8页

How much nectar can wild bees carry? Allometric equations of nectar crop capacities for investigating bee nutrition and foraging ecology 野蜂能携带多少花蜜？研究蜜蜂营养和觅食生态的花蜜作物能力异速生长方程。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104840

Sarah Bourdon , Léo Mouillard-Lample , Taïna Lemoine , Maxime Lewin , Laurent Guilbaud , Léna Barascou , Bertrand Schatz , Mickaël Henry

The decline in bee populations is influenced by the scarcity of floral resources, mainly nectar and pollen, resulting from the loss of natural habitats and climate change. In this context, it is essential to understand the foraging success and nutritional status of wild bees, particularly as research on honeybees has overshadowed that of wild species. This study aims to establish allometric functions for the nectar crop capacities of wild bees, which may be used as predictive tools in research related to bee nutrition and foraging ecology. Allometric scaling models, which typically relate body size to morphological or ecological traits, are proposed as a method of estimating crop capacity in wild bees. The crop load was measured in 2358 free-ranging foragers of different sizes (body length 5–29 mm) belonging to 25 different genera, in southern France. Overall, we established consistent allometric functions for predicting crop load capacities from the body length of wild bees, with a satisfactory degree of confidence. Sex is an important determinant of crop capacity, with females carrying maximal nectar loads around three times greater than males of similar size. We also found evidence that taxonomic affiliation influences allometric properties of crop capacities. Further studies are however needed to refine the predictions by taxonomic group, and in particular for the eusocial bumblebees. Field validation involving complementary data on floral nectar availability indicated that an allometric framework can be used to address research questions related to foraging success and competition for nectar in large wild bees (body length similar or greater than that of honeybees). Future studies should aim at refining the taxonomic resolution of allometric functions to family or genus level, which would provide a better understanding of the ecological particularities of certain groups of bees, such as eusocial species whose foragers store nectar for the entire colony or, conversely, cleptoparasitic (cuckoo) female bees that do not supply their broods.

蜜蜂种群的减少受到自然栖息地丧失和气候变化导致的花卉资源（主要是花蜜和花粉）稀缺的影响。在这种情况下，了解野生蜜蜂的觅食成功和营养状况是至关重要的，特别是在对蜜蜂的研究已经超过了对野生物种的研究的情况下。本研究旨在建立野生蜜蜂采蜜能力的异速生长函数，为蜜蜂营养和觅食生态学研究提供预测工具。异速缩放模型通常将体型与形态或生态性状联系起来，被提出作为估计野生蜜蜂作物能力的方法。对法国南部25个不同属的2358只不同体型（体长5-29 mm）的自由放养觅食蜂进行了作物负荷测量。总的来说，我们建立了一致的异速生长函数来预测野生蜜蜂的体长对作物的负荷能力，具有令人满意的置信度。性别是作物产量的重要决定因素，雌性携带的最大花蜜量大约是同等大小雄性的三倍。我们还发现了分类亲缘关系影响作物产量异速性状的证据。然而，需要进一步的研究来完善分类群体的预测，特别是对社会性大黄蜂的预测。涉及花蜜可用性补充数据的实地验证表明，异速生长框架可用于解决与大型野生蜜蜂（体长与蜜蜂相似或大于蜜蜂）觅食成功和花蜜竞争相关的研究问题。未来的研究应该致力于将异速生长功能的分类分辨率提高到科或属的水平，这将有助于更好地理解某些蜜蜂群体的生态特性，例如，觅食者为整个群体储存花蜜的社会性物种，或者相反，不提供后代的寄生性（杜鹃）雌性蜜蜂。

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引用次数: 0

How the diet influences lepidopteran reproduction: Morpho-functional, behavioral, and endocrine aspects 饮食如何影响鳞翅目的繁殖：形态功能、行为和内分泌方面

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104838

Evan Force, Matthieu Dacher, Stéphane Debernard

In insects, diet influences the accomplishment of physiological functions, such as reproduction. The study of interactions between diet and reproduction, which involve morpho-functional, behavioral, and endocrine aspects, is necessary for identifying the features of the adaptive strategies of insects in their natural environment. This review delves into the intricate relationship between nutrition and reproductive processes in female and male Lepidoptera. Indeed, nutrient-rich diets are crucial for reproductive success by accelerating ovarian and testicular development, egg maturation, sperm synthesis and migration, and accessory sex gland maturation. Moreover, such diets boost the biosynthesis and release of sex pheromones and promote pheromonal detection by the olfactory system, thus eliciting sexual displays. These physiological and behavioral changes increase fertilization rate and offspring production, highlighting the importance of balanced diets in sustaining insect populations. Then, the review explores the molecular mechanisms by which the evolutionary conserved insulin signaling pathway acts as a transducer of nutritional inputs in linking with the regulatory actions of a major reproductive hormone, namely juvenile hormone. Finally, this review provides a greater comprehensive and integrated understanding of adult diet influence on lepidopteran reproduction, and also opens up new research avenues in the fields of agricultural pest control and ecotoxicology.

在昆虫中，饮食影响生理功能的完成，如繁殖。研究昆虫的饮食与繁殖之间的相互作用，包括形态功能、行为和内分泌等方面，对于确定昆虫在自然环境中的适应策略特征是必要的。本文就鳞翅目昆虫营养与生殖过程的复杂关系作一综述。事实上，营养丰富的饮食对生殖成功至关重要，因为它能加速卵巢和睾丸的发育、卵子的成熟、精子的合成和迁移以及副性腺的成熟。此外，这种饮食促进了性信息素的生物合成和释放，促进了嗅觉系统对信息素的检测，从而引发了性表现。这些生理和行为变化提高了受精率和后代的产量，突出了平衡饮食对维持昆虫种群的重要性。然后，综述探讨了进化保守的胰岛素信号通路作为营养输入的传感器，与主要生殖激素（即幼激素）的调节作用相关联的分子机制。最后，本综述为鳞翅目昆虫成虫饮食对其繁殖的影响提供了更全面、更完整的认识，也为农业害虫防治和生态毒理学等领域的研究开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Functional leg design in dung beetles: Morphological adaptations to food relocation behavior 屎壳郎的功能性腿设计：对食物迁移行为的形态适应。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104839

Nienke N. Bijma , Helen Gorges, Alexander Kovalev, Stanislav N. Gorb

Dung beetles are coprophagous insects that reproduce and feed on vertebrate faeces. The dependency on the same ephemeral food source leads to frequent contact between individuals and thus intense competition. As a consequence, different strategies of food relocation (horizontal and vertical) have evolved, that put different stresses on the functional morphology of the extremities depending on whether dung is rolled as a ball, carried in fragments or dragged directly into the underground burrow. Previous studies have indicated some very basic adaptations in size and shape of specific leg segments to those behaviors. However, the exact relationship between the leg morphology and the functionality for different food relocation techniques mainly remains unexplored to date and represents the aim of the present study. We therefore explore the leg functional morphology of three dung beetle species: Anoplotrupes stercorosus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Scarabaeus (Kheper) lamarcki and Scarabaeus galenus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Our results reveal that there are strong differences in the opening angles of the leg joints as well as the orientation of the very basal coxa segment. Our findings thus reveal significant biomechanical adaptations in dung beetles, shedding light on how leg morphology correlates with food relocation strategies. Understanding these adaptations not only enhances our knowledge of dung beetle biology, but also provides new insights in the leg construction that may inspire bio-inspired robotics.

屎壳郎是一种食粪昆虫，以脊椎动物的粪便为食并繁殖。对同一短暂食物来源的依赖导致个体之间频繁接触，从而导致激烈的竞争。因此，进化出了不同的食物迁移策略（水平和垂直），这对四肢的功能形态造成了不同的压力，这取决于粪便是被卷成球、碎片携带还是直接拖进地下洞穴。先前的研究表明，特定腿节的大小和形状对这些行为有一些非常基本的适应。然而，腿部形态与不同食物定位技术的功能之间的确切关系至今仍未被探索，这也是本研究的目的。因此，我们研究了三种屎壳郎的腿部功能形态：stercorosus Anoplotrupes（鞘翅目：土虻科）、Scarabaeus (Kheper) lamarcki和galenus（鞘翅目：金龟子科）。我们的研究结果表明，在腿部关节的开口角度以及非常基础的髋节的方向上有很大的差异。因此，我们的发现揭示了蜣螂显著的生物力学适应性，揭示了腿形态与食物迁移策略的关系。了解这些适应性不仅提高了我们对屎壳郎生物学的认识，而且还提供了对腿结构的新见解，可能会启发仿生机器人。

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引用次数: 0

Is antibiotic (mis)use an emerging ecological threat to wild insects? 抗生素（误用）是对野生昆虫的新生态威胁吗？

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104837

C. Ruth Archer , Jana Dobelmann , Vincent Doublet , Svea Lindeboom , Luisa Linke , Lena Wilfert

Antibiotic discovery revolutionized human healthcare and boosted agricultural productivity. The efficacy of this revolution is now being challenged however, as the release of antibiotic residues into soils and waterways promotes the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance genes. There are signs that this antibiotic pollution also has ecological costs, including reduced insect health. Here, we assess this risk. We discuss where, when and how wild insects are exposed to antibiotics, the consequences of this exposure and crucially, if the concentrations that wild insects encounter are sufficiently high to trigger phenotypic responses. Data demonstrate that antibiotic residues reach concentrations in the field that can have phenotypic impacts in insects. These impacts include reduced health and foraging activity in pollinators, and improved survival in insect vectors of disease, demonstrating potential consequences for food-security and disease transmission. More generally, antibiotics can reduce insect stress resistance meaning that antibiotic pollution could elevate insect susceptibility to other stressors implicated in insect declines. We highlight gaps in our understanding of how antibiotic pollution affects wild insects and the ecosystem services they provide. These gaps urgently need to be filled, because global antibiotic use is rising. Crucially, we must determine how antibiotic residues in the field degrade or accumulate along food chains, and how field-realistic concentrations affect insects directly and via interactions with other environmental stressors. This will offer concrete insights into the consequences of rising antibiotic use for insects, and their broader societal and ecological impacts.

抗生素的发现彻底改变了人类的医疗保健，提高了农业生产力。然而，这场革命的效力现在正受到挑战，因为抗生素残留物释放到土壤和水道中促进了抗生素抗性基因的进化和传播。有迹象表明，这种抗生素污染也有生态成本，包括昆虫健康下降。在这里，我们评估这种风险。我们讨论了野生昆虫在何处、何时以及如何暴露于抗生素，这种暴露的后果，以及至关重要的是，野生昆虫遇到的抗生素浓度是否足够高，从而引发表型反应。数据表明，抗生素残留在田间达到浓度，可以对昆虫产生表型影响。这些影响包括传粉媒介的生存和觅食活动减少，疾病媒介昆虫的生存得到改善，显示出对粮食安全和疾病传播的潜在影响。更一般地说，抗生素可以降低昆虫的抗逆性，这意味着抗生素污染可以提高昆虫对其他压力源的敏感性，这些压力源与昆虫数量下降有关。我们强调了我们对抗生素污染如何影响野生昆虫及其提供的生态系统服务的理解差距。这些差距迫切需要填补，因为全球抗生素使用量正在上升。至关重要的是，我们必须确定抗生素残留在田间如何降解或沿着食物链积累，以及田间实际浓度如何直接影响昆虫并通过与其他环境压力源的相互作用。这将为不断增加的对昆虫使用抗生素的后果及其更广泛的社会和生态影响提供具体的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of sterol nutrition in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda 秋粘虫体内甾醇营养的调控。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104826

Linqin Meng , Dandan Wei , Yuanze Feng , Jiancheng Zang , Weining Cheng , Xiangfeng Jing

Plant sterols constitute the sole source of sterol nutrition for insect herbivores, yet the sterol content of plants is complex and variable, and insect sterol nutrient regulation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated cholesterol regulation in Spodoptera frugiperda using a geometric framework for nutrition. In the choice experiment, we provided larvae with eight food pairings. The insects did not adjust their feeding on the pair of complementary diets to achieve a specific cholesterol intake target. In the no-choice experiment, seven foods with different cholesterol concentrations were administered to explore sterol regulation. The larvae did not show a tendency to reduce or increase their intake of non-cholesterol nutrients to reach a certain cholesterol intake. We then measured the relative expression of the NPC1b gene in the intestine and the cholesterol content of the feces. As the cholesterol content in the food increased, NPC1b gene expression gradually decreased and the larvae excreted more cholesterol in the feces. Meanwhile, the cholesterol content in the larvae remains largely consistent, indicating that the larvae has a strong control on the body sterol content. Altogether, our results suggest that the larvae regulate cholesterol homeostasis by balancing cholesterol uptake and excretion, and cholesterol level can be kept within a physiologically appropriate range.

植物甾醇是食草昆虫唯一的甾醇营养来源，但植物甾醇含量复杂多变，昆虫甾醇营养调控机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们利用几何营养框架研究了水果夜蛾的胆固醇调节。在选择实验中，我们给幼虫提供了8对食物。这些昆虫并没有调整它们对这两种辅食的摄取量来达到特定的胆固醇摄入量目标。在无选择实验中，研究人员使用了七种不同胆固醇浓度的食物来探索胆固醇的调节作用。幼虫没有表现出减少或增加非胆固醇营养素摄入量以达到一定胆固醇摄入量的趋势。然后，我们测量了NPC1b基因在肠道中的相对表达量和粪便中的胆固醇含量。随着食物中胆固醇含量的增加，NPC1b基因表达量逐渐降低，幼虫粪便中胆固醇排泄量增加。同时，幼虫体内胆固醇含量基本保持一致，说明幼虫对体内胆固醇含量有较强的控制作用。总之，我们的研究结果表明，幼虫通过平衡胆固醇的摄取和排泄来调节胆固醇的体内平衡，胆固醇水平可以保持在生理上适当的范围内。

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引用次数: 0

Bombella intestini: A probiotic honeybee(Apis mellifera)gut bacterium 肠道炸弹：一种益生菌蜜蜂肠道细菌。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104836

Meng Jie Jin , Andrew B. Barron , Sheng Yang He , Xu Jiang He , Qiang Huang , Li Zhen Zhang , Zi Long Wang , Xiao Bo Wu , Wei Yu Yan , Zhi Jiang Zeng

Honey bee colonies are facing increasing environmental stressors that threaten their health and lifespan. While the gut microbiota may play a role in honey bee physiology, the specific functions of certain bacterial species remain unclear. This study investigates whether Bombella intestini, a bacterium highly enriched in the queen gut but nearly absent in worker bees, can act as a probiotic to promote honey bee growth, metabolism, and lifespan. Our results show that B. intestini can survive in larval food and the larval gut. When larval food is inoculated with B. intestini there is increased tryptophan in both the larval diet and larval hemolymph. Bees fed this diet had a longer lifespan. This study identifies B. intestini as a potential probiotic for honey bees, providing a microbiome-based strategy to enhance their growth and longevity. These findings open new avenues for improving honey bee health management through microbial supplementation.

蜂群正面临着越来越多的环境压力，威胁着它们的健康和寿命。虽然肠道微生物群可能在蜜蜂的生理机能中发挥作用，但某些细菌物种的具体功能尚不清楚。本研究探讨了一种在蜂后肠道中高度富集但在工蜂肠道中几乎不存在的细菌，是否可以作为促进蜜蜂生长、代谢和寿命的益生菌。结果表明，肠芽胞杆菌可在幼虫食物和肠道中存活。当幼虫食物接种了肠芽胞杆菌后，幼虫食物和幼虫血淋巴中的色氨酸都增加了。用这种食物喂养的蜜蜂寿命更长。本研究确定了bintestini是蜜蜂潜在的益生菌，为促进蜜蜂的生长和寿命提供了一种基于微生物组的策略。这些发现为通过补充微生物改善蜜蜂健康管理开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Sexual dimorphism of tarsal structures and attachment forces in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) 维吉弗拉维吉弗拉孔蝶的跗结构和附着力的两性二态性（鞘翅目，金龟科，Galerucinae）。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104835

Dagmar Voigt , Thomas Thieme , Kai Gloyna , Christoph Buuk , Stanislav Gorb

Agile Diabrotica virgifera virgifera beetles reliably attach and walk on a wide range of substrates, including soil, waxy host plants, non-host plants, and female elytra. This capability relies on a complex of features, including insect behavior and effective tarsal structures.

This comparative study focuses on the detailed design, dimensions, geometry, and performance of male and female tarsi across different counterpart substrates. The research confirmed the presence of tarsal adhesive setae with lanceolate, filamentous, spatulate, and discoid terminals. Male-specific adhesive setae occurred in ovoid patches on the first tarsomere of the fore- and midlegs, including two subtypes: long, spatulate with discoid-oval terminals and short, mushroom-shaped, having circular terminals. The mushroom-shaped setae appeared to be extraordinary, as they had not been observed in other leaf beetles so far.

Summarizing the widths of all thin-film elements (adhesive terminals) that potentially participate in contact formation resulted in the overall peeling line length of all adhesive pads to be 1.1 cm for males and 1.0 cm for females, respectively. The attachment force normalized by the total peeling line length (N m⁻¹) in males (0.9) outperformed that of females (0.2).

According to linear models, statistical interactions between (i) sex and glass surface geometry, (ii) glass surface wettability and geometry, (iii) sex, glass surface wettability, and geometry, and (iv) sex and plant substrate geometry. The pull-off force depended significantly on sex and substrate. Reliable attachment in D. virgifera virgifera on host plants and during mating depends on (i) the dimension and geometry of adhesive structures, (ii) the dimension and geometry of the substrate, (iii) the secretions involved (tarsal fluid, epicuticular grease), (iv) the postures of the legs and feet (angles of segments relative to one another and to the substrate), as well as (v) the motions and behaviour of the beetles. We propose that the attachment and detachment mechanisms are balanced to suit the mobile lifestyle of this species.

敏捷的Diabrotica virgifera virgifera甲虫可靠地附着和行走在广泛的基质上，包括土壤、蜡质寄主植物、非寄主植物和雌性鞘翅。这种能力依赖于一系列复杂的特征，包括昆虫行为和有效的跗骨结构。雌雄跗骨的详细设计、尺寸、几何形状和在相应基底上的性能是本研究的比较研究内容。跗骨粘连刚毛具有披针形、丝状、匙形和盘状的末端。雄性特有的黏着刚毛出现在前腿和中腿第一个跗端上的卵形斑块上，包括两种亚型（长，匙形，端部为盘状卵圆形）。这种蘑菇形状的甲虫看起来很特别，到目前为止还没有在其他叶甲虫身上发现过。总结所有可能参与接触形成的薄膜元件（粘接端子）的宽度，得出雄性和雌性所有粘接垫的总体剥落线分别为1.1 cm和1.0 cm。以总剥线长度（N m-1）归一化的附着力雄鼠（0.9）优于雌鼠（0.2）。根据线性模型，统计相互作用发生在(i)性别和玻璃表面几何形状，（ii）玻璃表面润湿性和几何形状，（iii）性别，玻璃表面润湿性和几何形状，以及性别和植物基质几何形状之间。拉离力主要取决于性别和衬底。virgifera virgifera在寄主植物上和交配过程中的可靠附着取决于(i)粘附结构的尺寸和几何形状，（ii）基质的尺寸和几何形状，（iii）所涉及的分泌物（跗骨液、表皮油脂），（iv）腿和脚的姿势（节段彼此之间和基质之间的角度），以及(v)甲虫的运动和行为。我们建议采用适合所研究物种的移动生活方式的平衡的附着-分离程序。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of topical application as a delivery method of double-stranded RNA in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Triatominae) for salivary gene silencing 双链RNA外用递送法在长鼻红蝇唾液基因沉默中的应用评价

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104820

Marcela Cristina Raso Mattos , Maurício Roberto Viana Sant’Anna , Daniela Viana Santos , Lidiane Medeiros Costa , Letícia Beatriz Silva Almeida , Grasielle Caldas D’Avila Pessoa , Leonardo Barbosa Koerich , Ricardo Nascimento Araujo , Nelder Figueiredo Gontijo , Marcos Horácio Pereira

RNA interference (RNAi) techniques have been widely applied in insect pest control and genomics research, effectively targeting genes in tissues like salivary glands and the midgut in Triatominae. This study evaluated the efficacy of topical application as a delivery method for dsRNA targeting Rhodnius prolixus salivary genes, Nitrophorin 2 (NP2), and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). Applying dsRNA diluted in acetone (1:1) to the dorsal side of nymphs successfully triggered RNAi, achieving transstadial mRNA reduction while preserving dsRNA integrity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed significant reductions on mRNA levels of NP2 (72 % to 95.6 %) across N2 to N5 stages, with no off-target effects in other nitrophorins (NP1–NP4), confirming silencing specificity. Similarly, NOS knockdown reduced mRNA levels by 47.9 % to 91.0 % across N1 to N5 stages. These reductions were accompanied by visible color changes in salivary glands, a phenotype validated through image analysis. Functional assays further demonstrated that NP2 silencing shortened plasma coagulation time, while NOS knockdown reduced the proportion of NO-bound nitrophorins. Compared to microinjection, the topical application of 2.5 µg of dsRNA (NP2 or NOS) in N3 was less effective in reducing mRNA levels (qPCR) as well as in altering insect phenotypes (plasma recalcification time or spectrophotometry analysis). Although less efficient than microinjection, topical application as a delivery method offers advantages: it avoids physical damage to insects, simplifies application for smaller nymphs, and provides a practical alternative for studying immune-related genes. These findings highlight the potential of topical RNAi as a non-invasive, effective tool for functional genomic studies in Triatominae, particularly for salivary gland targets.

RNA干扰（RNA interference, RNAi）技术已广泛应用于害虫防治和基因组学研究中，可有效靶向Triatominae的唾液腺和中肠等组织中的基因。本研究评估了外用dsRNA作为一种靶向长绿红牙唾液基因、硝基磷蛋白2 （NP2）和一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的递送方法的有效性。将丙酮稀释的dsRNA（1:1）应用于若虫的背侧，成功触发RNAi，在保持dsRNA完整性的同时实现了跨横向mRNA的还原。实时定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）分析显示，NP2 mRNA水平在N2至N5期显著降低（72%至95.6%），其他硝基磷蛋白（NP1-NP4）无脱靶效应，证实了沉默的特异性。同样，NOS敲除使mRNA水平在N1至N5期降低47.9%至91.0%。这些减少伴随着唾液腺可见的颜色变化，一种通过图像分析验证的表型。功能分析进一步表明，NP2沉默缩短了血浆凝固时间，而NOS敲低降低了no结合的硝基磷的比例。与显微注射相比，在N3中局部应用2.5µg dsRNA （NP2或NOS）在降低mRNA水平（qPCR）和改变昆虫表型（血浆再钙化时间或分光光度法分析）方面的效果较差。虽然不如显微注射有效，但局部应用作为一种给药方法有其优点：它避免了对昆虫的物理伤害，简化了对较小若虫的应用，并为研究免疫相关基因提供了一种实用的选择。这些发现强调了局部RNAi作为一种非侵入性的、有效的功能基因组研究工具的潜力，特别是针对唾液腺靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Three antenna-specific odorant binding proteins in Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) involve in recognition of floral volatiles 白衣原甲（鞘翅目：金盏花总科）中三种触角特异性气味结合蛋白参与了花挥发物的识别。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104823

Panjing Liu , Xiaofang Zhang , Yubo Wang , Beibei Xiao , Qianfu Su , Tao Zhang , Hongyi Wei

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play a vital role in the insect olfactory recognition system, as they bind and transport specific semiochemicals to chemosensory receptors for further processing. The agricultural and horticultural pest, white-spotted flower chafer (WSFC), Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea), has significantly harmed numerous crops and fruits in China. It is hypothesized that WSFCs rely on specific OBPs and chemosensory receptors to identify palatable food sources and optimal oviposition sites. Twenty-three putative OBPs (PbreOBPs) were identified from the WSFC genome in our research. Based on phylogenetic analysis, PbreOBPs exhibited high degree of similarity to those of Holotrichia parallela and Anomala corpulenta. Tissue expression profiles showed that ten PbreOBPs exhibited antenna-biased expression. We recombined and purified three antenna-specific PbreOBPs: PbreOBP8, PbreOBP9, and PbreOBP18. Fluorescence competitive binding assays revealed that they had higher binding affinities to β-ionone, phenethyl salicylate, phenylacetaldehyde, and benzyl benzoate — compounds commonly found in floral volatiles. Additionally, PbreOBP8 showed the ability to bind microbial volatiles, such as 3-octanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 1-octen-3-ol, suggesting a role in locating food or oviposition sites. Forthermore, we also predicted the key acid residues which involved in the binding of three PbreOBPs towards floral and microbial volatiles. The present investigation demonstrated that the antenna-specific PbreOBP8, PbreOBP9 and PbreOBP18 were likely involved in mediating the recognition of floral volatiles. The findings introduce possible avenues for further research into PbreOBPs and provide potential targets for creating olfactory-based control methods for WSFC populations.

气味结合蛋白（OBPs）在昆虫嗅觉识别系统中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们结合并运输特定的化学物质到化学感觉受体进行进一步处理。农业和园艺害虫白斑花黄斑病（WSFC），白斑花黄斑病（Protaetia brevitarsis）（鞘翅目，金甲总科）严重危害着中国的许多作物和水果。据推测，WSFCs依赖于特定的obp和化学感觉受体来识别美味的食物来源和最佳的产卵地点。在我们的研究中，从WSFC基因组中鉴定出23个推定OBPs （PbreOBPs）。系统发育分析表明，PbreOBPs与Holotrichia parallela和anomalala corpulenta具有高度的相似性。组织表达谱显示，10个PbreOBPs表现出天线偏倚表达。我们重组并纯化了三种天线特异性PbreOBPs: PbreOBP8、PbreOBP9和PbreOBP18。荧光竞争结合分析显示，它们对β-离子酮、水杨酸苯乙酯、苯乙醛和苯甲酸苄酯具有较高的结合亲和力，这些化合物通常存在于花挥发物中。此外，PbreOBP8显示出结合微生物挥发物的能力，如3-辛醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇和1-辛醇-3-醇，这表明它在寻找食物或产卵地点方面发挥了作用。此外，我们还预测了3种PbreOBPs与植物和微生物挥发物结合的关键酸残基。本研究表明，触角特异性基因PbreOBP8、PbreOBP9和PbreOBP18可能参与介导花挥发物的识别。这些发现为进一步研究PbreOBPs提供了可能的途径，并为WSFC种群建立基于嗅觉的控制方法提供了潜在的目标。

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引用次数: 0

First study on the effect of UV radiation on spiders: biochemical analysis 紫外线辐射对蜘蛛影响的首次研究：生化分析。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104821

A. Laino , C. Gabellone , M. Gómez Lobato , F. Arrighetti , J. Tau , S. Rodríguez Gil , C.F. Garcia

Ultraviolet radiation is one of the environmental factors that impacts all living beings and can cause various types of damage. In this study, the effects of UV-B and UV-C radiation on the antioxidant response, reactive oxygen species levels, and potential histological and chromosomal damage were evaluated for the first time in the spider Misumenops maculissparsus at three developmental stages (juveniles J3, J4, and adults). Juveniles exhibited significant inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase under UV radiation exposure. In adults, no enzymatic activity changes were observed, but there were increases in ROS levels, particularly under UV-C exposure, and alterations in the cellular population analyzed by flow cytometry. Histological analysis revealed substantial pigment accumulation beneath the cuticle in juveniles and, to a lesser extent, in adults, which could serve as a natural barrier and antioxidant defense against UV radiation. Cytogenetic analysis determined for the first time in this species a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 23 and identified chromatin granules in UV radiation-exposed adults, suggesting UV radiation-induced chromatin damage. These multidisciplinary findings enhance our understanding of the physiological defenses that spiders employ when exposed to UV radiation at different developmental stages.

紫外线辐射是影响所有生物的环境因素之一，可以造成各种类型的伤害。本研究首次评价了UV-B和UV-C辐射对黄斑Misumenops maculissparsus三个发育阶段（幼蛛J3、J4和成虫）的抗氧化反应、活性氧水平以及潜在的组织学和染色体损伤的影响。紫外线照射下，幼鱼抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶表现出明显的抑制作用。在成人中，没有观察到酶活性的变化，但ROS水平增加，特别是在UV-C暴露下，并且流式细胞术分析了细胞群的变化。组织学分析显示，幼鱼的角质层下有大量的色素积累，成年鱼也有少量的色素积累，这可能是抵御紫外线辐射的天然屏障和抗氧化防御。细胞遗传学分析首次在该物种中发现二倍体染色体数目为2n = 23，并在紫外线照射的成虫中鉴定出染色质颗粒，提示紫外线辐射引起的染色质损伤。这些多学科的发现增强了我们对蜘蛛在不同发育阶段暴露于紫外线辐射时所采用的生理防御的理解。

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引用次数: 0