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Detection of herpes viruses in Ghanaian patients with periodontitis 加纳牙周炎患者疱疹病毒的检测
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12386
Paa-Kwesi Blankson, Harriet N. A. Blankson, Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Albert A. Turkson, Daniel Tormeti, Mary Adamafio, Georgina Awuah-Mensah, Richard H. Asmah

Aim

The complexity of periodontitis in both etiology and progression has raised many questions, necessitating enormous research in recent years. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of herpes viruses in Ghanaian patients diagnosed with periodontitis.

Methods

Thirty-one patients were included in the study; 21 with periodontitis classified into localized chronic, generalized, and aggressive periodontitis, and 10 without the disease were used as controls. Subgingival samples were collected, followed by DNA extraction. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify viral DNA for the detection of herpes viruses. Data was analyzed using Stata 14.

Results

The mean age for patients with aggressive periodontitis was 32.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 8.50), while those for localized chronic periodontitis and generalized chronic periodontitis were 40.6 years (SD: 7.83) and 46.3 years (SD: 12.12), respectively. Viruses were detected only among patients clinically diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. Of the total number of aggressive periodontitis patients, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (HBV) were found in four (44%) and one (11%), respectively. The mean age for patients found to have HSV-1 or EBV was 29 years (SD: 6.93).

Conclusion

We found HSV-1 and EBV in the subgingival plaque samples of Ghanaian patients clinically diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. While our finding requires further investigation, the role of HSV in periodontitis, if elucidated, could transform and inform the clinical management of the condition.

目的牙周炎在病因和进展方面的复杂性引起了许多问题，需要近年来进行大量的研究。本研究的目的是检测加纳牙周炎患者中疱疹病毒的存在。方法将31例患者纳入研究;21例牙周炎患者分为局部慢性牙周炎、广泛性牙周炎和侵袭性牙周炎，10例无牙周炎患者作为对照。采集龈下标本，提取DNA。多重聚合酶链反应扩增病毒DNA用于疱疹病毒的检测。使用Stata 14分析数据。结果侵袭性牙周炎患者的平均年龄为32.2岁(标准差[SD]: 8.50)，局部慢性牙周炎和全身性慢性牙周炎患者的平均年龄分别为40.6岁(SD: 7.83)和46.3岁(SD: 12.12)。病毒仅在临床诊断为侵袭性牙周炎的患者中检测到。侵袭性牙周炎患者中，单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)分别占4例(44%)和1例(11%)。发现感染HSV-1或EBV的患者平均年龄为29岁(SD: 6.93)。结论在临床诊断为侵袭性牙周炎的加纳患者的龈下菌斑样本中发现HSV-1和EBV。虽然我们的发现还需要进一步的研究，但HSV在牙周炎中的作用，如果得到阐明，可能会改变并为临床治疗提供信息。
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引用次数: 8
Clinical performance of one-piece zirconia dental implants: A systematic review 一体式氧化锆种植体的临床应用综述
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12384
Aws S. ArRejaie, Rana S. Al-Hamdan, Ghadeer I. Basunbul, Tariq Abduljabbar, Khulud A. Al-Aali, Nawaf Labban

The aim of the present review was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic performance of one-piece zirconia implants (O-PZI). This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines that addressed the following focused question: What is the overall clinical and radiographic performance of O-PZI? The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register databases were searched. Six clinical studies were included. For studies evaluating O-PZI compared with one-piece titanium implants, zirconia implants showed higher crestal bone loss (CBL) in both the studies. However, one study demonstrated a high failure rate compared to titanium dental implants, while one study demonstrated comparable survival rates between zirconia and titanium dental implants. For studies evaluating O-PZI for the restoration of single crown and fixed dental prostheses, O-PZI showed comparable bone loss and survival rates for single crowns and fixed dental prostheses. Two studies were included that compared O-PZI with two-piece zirconia (T-PZI). One study showed a higher CBL and low survival rate for O-PZI compared to T-PZI, whereas the other study demonstrated comparable CBL and survival rates between O-PZI and T-PZI. It is still debatable whether O-PZI demonstrate better clinical performance when compared with titanium implants or two-piece design.

本综述的目的是评估一体式氧化锆种植体(O-PZI)的临床和影像学表现。本综述遵循PRISMA(系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南，该指南解决了以下重点问题:O-PZI的总体临床和放射学表现如何?检索MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane中央对照试验注册库和Cochrane口腔健康组试验注册库数据库。纳入了6项临床研究。在评估O-PZI的研究中，与一体式钛种植体相比，氧化锆种植体在两项研究中都显示出更高的冠骨损失(CBL)。然而，一项研究表明，与钛牙种植体相比，钛牙种植体的失败率较高，而另一项研究表明，氧化锆和钛牙种植体的存活率相当。在评估O-PZI修复单冠和固定义齿的研究中，O-PZI显示出与单冠和固定义齿相当的骨丢失和存活率。两项研究将O-PZI与两片式氧化锆(T-PZI)进行了比较。一项研究显示，与T-PZI相比，O-PZI的CBL更高，生存率较低，而另一项研究显示O-PZI和T-PZI之间的CBL和生存率相当。O-PZI与钛种植体或两片式设计相比是否表现出更好的临床性能仍存在争议。
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引用次数: 8
Anatomical, microbiological, and genetic considerations in treatment of Chinese periodontal patients 中国牙周病患者治疗的解剖学、微生物学和遗传学考虑
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12381
Edwin X. J. Goh, Marianne M. A. Ong

The aim of the present narrative review was to highlight considerations when treating Chinese patients with periodontal diseases. These considerations can be broadly categorized into anatomical, microbiological, and genetic considerations. Anatomical considerations are tooth-related factors causing site-specific issues, and these include incisal palatal groove, root concavities, three-rooted permanent mandibular first molar, furcation entrance dimensions, cervical enamel projections, root trunk length, and molar root fusion. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was found to be commensal in the oral flora of Chinese. The association between a single gene polymorphism and periodontal disease has not been unequivocally proven in Chinese populations. Despite these subtle differences compared to other ethnic populations, studies of Chinese participants from various geographic regions have demonstrated that periodontal disease in this particular ethnic group can be successfully treated.

本综述的目的是强调在治疗中国牙周病患者时应注意的事项。这些考虑因素可大致分为解剖学、微生物学和遗传学方面的考虑因素。解剖学上的考虑是与牙齿相关的因素，导致特定部位的问题，包括切腭沟、根凹、三根永久性下颌第一磨牙、分叉入口尺寸、颈牙釉质突出、根干长度和磨牙根融合。在中国人口腔菌群中发现了聚合菌放线菌共生菌。在中国人群中，单基因多态性与牙周病之间的关系尚未得到明确证实。尽管与其他民族相比存在这些细微的差异，但对来自不同地理区域的中国参与者的研究表明，这一特定民族的牙周病可以成功治疗。
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引用次数: 7
Topical hyaluronic acid in the management of oral lichen planus: A comparative study 局部透明质酸治疗口腔扁平苔藓的比较研究
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12385
Ahmed S. Hashem, Rakhi Issrani, Tamer E. E. Elsayed, Namdeo Prabhu

Aim

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder seen in clinical dental practice. Despite the progress in research and advances in knowledge, the successful management of OLP is still difficult to achieve. The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic effects of triamcinolone (TA) preparation (0.1%) with hyaluronic acid (HA) preparation (0.2%) in the management of OLP.

Methods

In total, 40 patients of any age or sex who had symptomatic OLP were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Group I received topical 0.1% TA, and group II received topical 0.2% HA preparation three times per day for a period of 4 weeks. Basement data were recorded for each patient. Patients were evaluated on days 14 and 21, and after completing the course of treatment. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for evaluating pain and burning sensation, along with an evaluation of the degree of erythema and mean area of the lesion. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software using Mann-Whitney and t test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Our results showed considerable improvement in all of the parameters evaluated. Baseline characteristics, including pain score, size, and clinical characteristics of the lesions, were not different between the two treatment groups. Both TA and HA were found to reduce the VAS score, the degree of erythema, and size of the lesions after treatment.

Conclusion

The application of HA is suggested, and is an effective substitute for TA in the treatment of OLP.

目的口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)是临床上常见的一种慢性口腔黏膜疾病。尽管研究进展和知识进步，但成功的OLP管理仍然难以实现。本研究的目的是比较曲安奈德(0.1%)制剂与透明质酸(0.2%)制剂治疗OLP的疗效。方法选择有症状性OLP的患者40例，年龄不限，性别不限，随机分为两组。组1接受0.1% TA外用，组2接受0.2% HA制剂外用，每天3次，连续4周。记录每位患者的基础资料。在第14天和第21天以及完成疗程后对患者进行评估。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估疼痛和烧灼感，同时评估红斑程度和平均病变面积。数据分析采用SPSS 17.0软件，采用Mann-Whitney检验和t检验。P≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果我们的结果显示，所有评估的参数都有相当大的改善。基线特征，包括疼痛评分、大小和病变的临床特征，在两个治疗组之间没有差异。治疗后发现TA和HA均可降低VAS评分、红斑程度和病变大小。结论羟基磷灰石是治疗OLP的有效替代药物。
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引用次数: 15
Current trends in antibiotic prescription behavior among Saudi dentists performing implant surgery: A cross-sectional observational study 目前趋势抗生素处方行为在沙特牙医进行种植手术:横断面观察性研究
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12383
Reem Al-Kattan, Nouf Al-Shibani

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate current trends in antibiotic prescription behavior among dentists performing implant surgery.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 133 dental specialists in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of 21 questions related to basic demographic details (ie, sex, age, nationality, undergraduate training, type of specialty, clinical, and implant practice experience) made up the first part of the questionnaire. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of 12 close-ended questions concerning knowledge and opinions of the dental specialists related to antibiotic prescription patterns pre- or post-implant surgeries. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were employed to calculate the means and percentages for demographic data and preoperative and postoperative antibiotic-prescribing habits in dental implant placement.

Results

All practicing dentists prescribed antibiotics preoperatively prior to routine dental implant placement; 41.4% (N = 55) of participants were in favor of recommending antibiotics after routine dental implant placement (postoperatively).

Conclusion

Antibiotic-prescribing patterns in implant surgery among Saudi dentists are diverse and inconsistent. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of prophylactic antibiotics in lowering the risk of implant failure.

目的本研究的目的是调查目前牙医在进行种植手术中抗生素处方行为的趋势。方法对沙特阿拉伯133名牙科专家进行横断面观察研究。问卷的第一部分是一份自我填写的问卷，包含21个问题，涉及基本人口统计信息(即性别、年龄、国籍、本科培训、专业类型、临床和种植体实践经验)。问卷的第二部分包括12个封闭式问题，涉及牙科专家对种植体手术前后抗生素处方模式的知识和意见。使用SPSS version 20对数据进行整理和分析。采用描述性统计方法计算人口统计学数据和种植牙术前、术后抗生素处方习惯的均值和百分比。结果所有执业牙医均在常规种植牙术前开抗生素处方;41.4% (N = 55)的参与者赞成常规种植牙(术后)后推荐抗生素。结论沙特牙科医生种植外科抗生素处方模式多样且不一致。预防性抗生素在降低种植体失败风险方面的作用有待进一步研究。
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引用次数: 7
Silver deposition on demineralized dentine surface dosed by silver diammine fluoride with different saliva 不同唾液给药氟二胺银对脱矿牙本质表面银沉积的影响
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12382
Jing-Yuan Peng, James K. H. Tsoi, Jukka P. Matinlinna, Michael G. Botelho

Aim

Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is an anticaries agent that binds to tooth tissue. The aim of the present study was investigate the dose-response effect of SDF on demineralized dentine in basal medium mucin (BMM) saliva substitute and human saliva.

Methods

Dentine discs stored in saliva substitute, BMM, and human unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) were chemically demineralized, and 10 μL of 10 wt%, 24 wt%, or 38 wt% SDF was applied and then stored in its respective saliva (BMM or UWS) for 5 days. Dentine disc samples were digested in 70% HNO3, and silver was quantitatively detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.

Results

For both the BMM and UWS groups, the presence of silver increased proportionally with increasing concentrations of SDF (P < 0.05). For the 38 wt% SDF application, the mean absorption percentage of silver in dentine was 3.90% for the UWS group and 6.61% for the BMM group. The BMM group was found to yield a significantly higher amount of silver compared to UWS at 10 wt% and 38 wt% SDF application (α = 0.05); 38 wt% SDF interacts more with BMM with higher silver deposition than UWS.

Conclusion

The amount of silver found in dentine was in proportion to the concentration of SDF. Extrapolation of in vitro investigations using artificial saliva for SDF tooth interactions should be interpreted with caution.

目的氟化二胺银(SDF)是一种与牙齿组织结合的抗菌剂。本研究的目的是研究SDF对基底介质黏液(BMM)唾液替代品和人唾液中脱矿牙本质的剂量效应。方法采用化学脱矿方法，分别取10 μL的10 wt%、24 wt%、38 wt%的SDF分别在唾液(BMM或UWS)中保存5 d。牙本质盘样品在70% HNO3中消化，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法定量检测银。结果在BMM组和UWS组中，银的存在随着SDF浓度的增加而成比例地增加(P <0.05)。对于38%的SDF应用，UWS组和BMM组的牙本质中银的平均吸收率分别为3.90%和6.61%。在SDF用量为10 wt%和38 wt%时，BMM组的银产量明显高于UWS组(α = 0.05);与UWS相比，38%的SDF与BMM的相互作用更大，银沉积量更高。结论牙本质中银的含量与SDF浓度成正比。使用人工唾液进行SDF牙齿相互作用的体外研究推断应谨慎解释。
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引用次数: 3
Investigation of radiation-protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices of North Queensland dentists 北昆士兰牙医的辐射防护知识、态度和实践调查
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12374
Isabella R. Ihle, Emma Neibling, Katia Albrecht, Hannah Treston, Amar Sholapurkar

Aim

Queensland has current radiation-protection guidelines; however, with the absence of data exploring compliance and implementation, the efficacy is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes on radiation protection among private North Queensland (NQ) dentists.

Methods

A quantitative methodology was employed in an observational and descriptive study using questionnaires for data collection.

Results

Of the 154 questionnaires distributed, 63 were completed and returned. The respondents’ knowledge concerning the technical details of their equipment was limited, with 31.5% and 47% not knowing the tube voltage and current utilized for their machines, respectively. In total, 23.8% of dentists had limited knowledge about the speed of the conventional film they used, 90.5% of respondents agreed that the role of imaging in dentistry is important, and 75.8% dentists reported the thyroid as the most important organ to protect during dental radiography. Their knowledge regarding position-distance rule was reasonably adequate; 80.3% of the dental practices appeared to follow the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency guidelines, 95.2% preferred taking radiographs if it was only urgent, and 69.8% identified a need for spreading awareness regarding radiation protection.

Conclusions

An opportunity and need for further continuing education was identified among NQ dentists to ensure safety of patients.

昆士兰州目前有辐射防护指南;然而，由于缺乏探索依从性和实施的数据，其疗效尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查北昆士兰(NQ)私人牙医对辐射防护的知识和态度。方法采用定量方法，采用问卷调查法进行观察性和描述性研究。结果共发放问卷154份，回收问卷63份。受访者对其设备技术细节的了解有限，分别有31.5%和47%的人不知道他们的机器所使用的管电压和电流。总的来说，23.8%的牙医对他们使用的传统胶片的速度了解有限，90.5%的受访者同意成像在牙科中的作用很重要，75.8%的牙医表示甲状腺是牙科x线摄影时最重要的保护器官。他们对位置-距离规则的认识相当充分;80.3%的牙科诊所似乎遵循了澳大利亚辐射防护和核安全局的指导方针，95.2%的人在紧急情况下更愿意拍x光片，69.8%的人认为有必要传播有关辐射防护的意识。结论NQ牙科医生有机会和需要进行进一步的继续教育，以确保患者的安全。
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引用次数: 13
Development and evaluation of calcium hydroxide-coated, pericardium-based biomembranes for direct pulp capping 氢氧化钙包覆心包生物膜直接盖髓的开发与评价
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12380
Celso A. Klein-Júnior, Eduardo Reston, Ana M. Plepis, Virginia C. Martins, Isabel C. Pötter, Fionnuala Lundy, Guilherme S. Hentschke, Vítor S. Hentschke, Ikhlas El Karim

Aim

The aim of the present study was to develop a bovine pericardium biomembrane (BPB) and to evaluate pulp response in vivo.

Methods

A double-layer bovine BPB/chitosan was manufactured, and the porous chitosan side was coated with calcium hydroxide. The microstructure of the matrices was evaluated with electron microscopy. To test pulp response, cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface of Wistar rats’ mandibular left first molars and capped with matrices, followed by appropriate adhesives/composite restorations. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1, calcium hydroxide alone; group 2, BPB without calcium hydroxide; and group 3, BPB coated with calcium hydroxide. Specimens were processed and histologically evaluated at 7, 14, and 30 days, postoperatively.

Results

Electron microscopy showed porous chitosan surface and a cohesive calcium hydroxide layer. Histological analysis showed that groups 1 and 3 had mild odontoblast layer disorganization, but normal pulp tissue appearance at 7, 14, and 30 days. At the same time points, group 2 showed a loss of general pulp tissue, pulp necrosis, and periapical abscess in some teeth.

Conclusion

Coated bovine pericardium-based biomembranes resulted in favorable outcomes in cases of pulp exposure after a 30-day observation period, and might protect against injuries caused by adhesive systems and composites.

目的制备牛心包生物膜，并在体内评价其对生物膜的反应。方法制备双层牛BPB/壳聚糖，壳聚糖多孔侧包被氢氧化钙。用电子显微镜观察了基体的微观结构。为了测试牙髓反应，我们在Wistar大鼠下颌骨左第一磨牙的咬合面制备空腔并覆盖基质，然后使用合适的粘接剂/复合修复体。实验动物分为3组:1组单独给予氢氧化钙;第2组，不含氢氧化钙的BPB;第3组，包覆氢氧化钙的BPB。分别于术后7、14、30天对标本进行处理和组织学评价。结果壳聚糖表面呈多孔状，壳聚糖表面有粘连的氢氧化钙层。组织学分析显示，组1和组3在7、14和30 d时牙髓组织外观正常，成牙髓层轻度解体。在同一时间点，2组牙髓组织普遍丢失，牙髓坏死，部分牙尖周脓肿。结论包被的牛心包生物膜在牙髓暴露的情况下，经过30天的观察，具有良好的效果，并且可以防止胶粘剂系统和复合材料造成的损伤。
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引用次数: 11
Radiographic characteristics of mesiodens in a non-syndromic pediatric population in the Black Sea region 黑海地区非综合征儿科人群中中碘酸盐的放射学特征
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12377
Halenur Altan, Sumeyra Akkoc, Ahmet Altan

Aim

A mesiodens is the most frequent type of supernumerary tooth. They can be related to several complications, such as ectopic eruption and midline diastema. The aim of the present study was to assess the radiographic properties of mesiodens by analyzing the associated age, sex distribution, number of mesiodens per patient, shape, direction of eruption, and their association with complications.

Methods

The present study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 14 400 pediatric patients (4-14 years old) who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Gaziosmanpasa University for a variety of dental complaints from 2015 to 2018.

Results

There were 82 mesiodens diagnosed in a total of 71 patients. Among the 82 mesiodens, 51 (62.1%) were conical in shape, which was the most commonly seen shape, followed by 14 supplemental (17.07%), and 12 (14.6%) tuberculate. Of the 82 mesiodens, 65 (79.2%) were aligned vertically, nine (10.9%) were inverted, and eight (9.7%) were horizontally placed. Clinical complications were observed in 76.8% of patients.

Conclusion

The management of mesiodens can be performed using three methods: (a) spontaneous eruption; (b) early intervention; and (c) delayed intervention. However, the management of mesiodens should be evaluated on an individual basis to determine the best treatment method. Mesiodens-associated complications should be addressed prior to the lateral incisors erupting.

目的中齿是最常见的多生牙类型。它们可能与一些并发症有关，如异位喷发和中线空洞。本研究的目的是通过分析患者的相关年龄、性别分布、每位患者的中碘肿数量、形状、方向及其与并发症的关系来评估中碘肿的影像学特征。方法对2015 - 2018年在Gaziosmanpasa大学儿科牙科就诊的14 400例4-14岁儿童因各种口腔疾患的全景x线片进行研究。结果71例患者中诊断出82例中碘化钠。在82株中，最常见的是圆锥形51株(62.1%)，其次是补充型14株(17.07%)，结核型12株(14.6%)。其中，垂直放置65个(79.2%)，倒置放置9个(10.9%)，水平放置8个(9.7%)。76.8%的患者出现临床并发症。结论治疗中碘化钠可采用三种方法:(a)自行爆发;(b)早期干预;(c)延迟干预。然而，对美碘酮的管理应根据个人情况进行评估，以确定最佳的治疗方法。中牙相关并发症应在侧切牙出牙前处理。
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引用次数: 19
Public awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia 印度尼西亚雅加达成年人口腔癌的公众意识
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12379
Yuniardini S. Wimardhani, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Gus P. Subita, Anandina I. Soegyanto, Siti A. Pradono, Nurfianti Patoni

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate the awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia, and explore the factors influencing it.

Methods

A previously-tested questionnaire on 1000 adults in Jakarta was used in the present study. The data included sociodemographic factors and answers to assess the awareness of oral cancer, early signs and symptoms, risks factors, lifestyles, and history of dental visits.

Results

Only 53.2% of participants were aware of oral cancer. The level of awareness significantly differed by level of education, occupation, and experience of dental visits. Only 30% of patients had been asked about their tobacco and alcohol habits, and had been informed about the hazards of these by their dentists. All of the smokers knew that tobacco increased the risk for oral cancer. However, only a few participants considered alcohol, betel quid chewing, UV light exposure, poor diet, and genetics to play role in the development of oral cancer. Health warnings were the main source of information about oral cancer; the role of health professionals is still quite low and needs to be emphasized.

Conclusion

Oral cancer awareness is still low among adults in Jakarta; this finding was consistent with other studies conducted in Asia. Educational material suited to particular communities is warranted.

目的本研究的目的是调查印度尼西亚雅加达成年人对口腔癌的认识，并探讨影响口腔癌的因素。方法在本研究中使用先前测试的问卷调查了1000名雅加达成年人。这些数据包括社会人口因素和答案，以评估对口腔癌的认识、早期体征和症状、风险因素、生活方式和牙科就诊史。结果仅53.2%的参与者知晓口腔癌。受教育程度、职业和牙科就诊经历的差异显著。只有30%的病人被问及他们的烟酒习惯，并被牙医告知这些习惯的危害。所有吸烟者都知道烟草会增加患口腔癌的风险。然而，只有少数参与者认为酒精、嚼槟榔液、暴露在紫外线下、不良饮食和遗传因素与口腔癌的发展有关。健康警示是口腔癌信息的主要来源;保健专业人员的作用仍然很低，需要加以强调。结论雅加达成人口腔癌知晓率较低;这一发现与在亚洲进行的其他研究一致。有必要提供适合特定社区的教育材料。
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