Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献_第4页

Experiments and mechanism studies on the suppression of combustion and explosion of high-risk pyrotechnics 抑制高危烟火药燃烧爆炸的实验与机理研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105923

Zhiyue Han , Yu Mu , Yue Yu , Longlong Yang , Yunjin Liu

Zirconium-based pyrotechnic Zr/Pb₃O₄ is widely used in military and civilian fields. However, its high mechanical sensitivity makes it prone to accidental ignition and explosion during production. In this work, the inhibitory effect of four inhibitors, NaHCO₃, NH₄H₂PO₄, Mg(OH)₂, and Al(OH)₃, on the ignition and detonation of Zr/Pb₃O₄ was investigated by utilizing a closed exploder, and the inhibitory effect of the Mg(OH)₂ inhibitor was found to be the best under the same conditions by comparing key parameters—maximum pressure (ΔP_max) and maximum pressure rise rate (ΔS_max). Subsequently, the flame propagation process during the combustion of Zr/Pb₃O₄ was experimentally investigated by using a visual dust explosion propagation small-scale test device and a rapid flame suppression experimental device with Mg(OH)₂ inhibitor. Experimental results indicate that, under identical dosage conditions, adding Mg(OH)₂ as an inhibitor to the Zr/Pb₃O₄ reduces the combustion time by around 52.7 %, effectively blocking flame propagation when the pyrotechnic spread diameter is 9 cm and the suppressant release time is 15 ms. The primary inhibition mechanisms involve physical heat absorption for cooling, and the formation of a high-temperature-resistant protective layer by MgO (a decomposition product of Mg(OH)₂) to block the flame propagation. This work can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the safe production of the Zr/Pb₃O₄.

锆基烟火材料Zr/Pb3O4广泛应用于军事和民用领域。然而，它的高机械灵敏度使其在生产过程中容易发生意外着火和爆炸。本文利用密闭爆炸装置研究了NaHCO3、NH4H2PO4、Mg(OH)2和Al(OH)3 4种抑制剂对Zr/Pb3O4的点火爆轰效果，通过比较最大压力（ΔPmax）和最大升压速率（ΔSmax）等关键参数，发现相同条件下，Mg(OH)2抑制剂的抑制效果最好。随后，采用视觉粉尘爆炸传播小型试验装置和Mg(OH)2抑制剂快速抑焰实验装置，对Zr/Pb3O4燃烧过程中的火焰传播过程进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，在相同的掺量条件下，在Zr/Pb3O4中加入Mg(OH)2作为抑制剂，当烟火扩散直径为9 cm，抑制剂释放时间为15 ms时，可有效阻断火焰的传播，使燃烧时间缩短约52.7%。主要的抑制机制包括物理吸热冷却和MgO （Mg(OH)2的分解产物）形成耐高温保护层以阻止火焰传播。该工作可为Zr/Pb3O4的安全生产提供技术支持和理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-task deep learning for pollutant source inversion with DFNN, LSTM, and Transformer architectures 使用DFNN、LSTM和Transformer架构进行污染源反演的多任务深度学习

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105886

Yiping Lin, Hong Huang, Xiaole Zhang

Gas leakage incidents in chemical industrial parks can lead to severe economic losses and pose significant risks to human safety. Rapid identification of the leakage source enables timely mitigation, while accurate estimation of the emission strength helps assess the severity of the incident. This study presents a multi-task learning (MTL) framework for source term estimation (STE) that simultaneously predicts source location and time-varying emission strength. Three representative deep learning architectures, a Deep Feedforward Neural Network (DFNN), a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, and a Transformer, are compared under both constant and dynamic release scenarios. This work provides the first systematic evaluation of these distinct architectures within an MTL framework for STE, demonstrating the advantages of temporal feature learning for inverse modeling applications. A realistic and large-scale dataset is generated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the response factor method (RFM) to simulate dispersion. Optuna-based hyperparameter optimization is employed to ensure reliable model comparison. Results demonstrate that all three models achieve strong inversion performance. The DFNN proves efficient and robust in constant-release scenarios, while the LSTM excels under dynamic conditions, significantly improving the estimation accuracy over a shallow ANN without MTL, reducing the MAE for source strength from 0.394 to 0.147 and increasing the R

^{2}

from 0.284 to 0.768. Therefore, for time-varying emissions, the MTL-based LSTM is recommended due to its superior ability to capture temporal dynamics and provide precise rate estimates.

化工园区气体泄漏事故不仅会造成严重的经济损失，还会对人身安全造成重大威胁。快速识别泄漏源有助于及时缓解，而准确估计排放强度有助于评估事件的严重程度。提出了一种同时预测源位置和时变发射强度的多任务学习（MTL）框架。比较了三种具有代表性的深度学习架构，即深度前馈神经网络（DFNN）、长短期记忆（LSTM）网络和Transformer在恒定和动态释放场景下的表现。这项工作首次在STE的MTL框架内对这些不同的体系结构进行了系统评估，展示了时间特征学习在逆建模应用中的优势。利用计算流体力学（CFD）和响应因子法（RFM）对分散进行模拟，生成了一个真实的大规模数据集。采用基于optuna的超参数优化，保证模型比较的可靠性。结果表明，三种模型均具有较强的反演性能。DFNN在恒定释放场景下表现出高效和鲁棒性，而LSTM在动态条件下表现出色，与没有MTL的浅神经网络相比，显著提高了估计精度，将源强度的MAE从0.394降低到0.147，将R2从0.284提高到0.768。因此，对于时变排放，推荐基于mtl的LSTM，因为它具有捕获时间动态和提供精确速率估计的优越能力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the synergistic inhibition of methane/coal dust explosion by CO2/K2C2O4·H2O CO2/K2C2O4·H2O协同抑制甲烷/煤尘爆炸的实验研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105900

Fei Wang , Yu Peng , Jun He , Longlong Yang

The synergistic inhibitory impact of the two-phase inhibitor CO₂/K₂C₂O₄·H₂O on methane/coal dust explosion was examined in this work. Variations in peak explosion overpressure, flame propagation dynamics, and deflagration flame temperature under various suppression settings were examined using a transparent horizontal explosion pipeline system. The combined application of 10 % CO₂ and 200 g/m³ K₂C₂O₄·H₂O powder reduced the peak explosion overpressure by 91.5 %, the deflagration flame temperature by 28 %, and the flame length by 15.8 %. The results show that the suppression zone created by CO₂/K₂C₂O₄·H₂O achieved a more significant inhibition effect compared to single inhibitors. We discovered that the dilution impact of CO₂ and the potassium-containing compounds generated from the breakdown of K₂C₂O₄·H₂O can greatly lower the concentration of active free radicals in the combustion environment by using CHEMKIN to investigate the combined inhibitory mechanism of CO₂/K₂C₂O₄·H₂O. The foundation of this study was a non-premixed suppression system made of CO₂ and K₂C₂O₄·H₂O that was intended to inhibit developed flame and explosion propagation processes. The findings offer a theoretical foundation for the creation of multiphase inhibitors and hierarchical suppression systems.

研究了两相抑制剂CO2/K2C2O4·H2O对甲烷/煤尘爆炸的协同抑制作用。采用透明水平爆炸管道系统，研究了不同抑制条件下爆炸峰值超压、火焰传播动力学和爆燃火焰温度的变化。10% CO2和200 g/m3 K2C2O4·H2O粉末的联合应用使爆炸峰值超压降低91.5%，爆燃火焰温度降低28%，火焰长度降低15.8%。结果表明，与单一抑制剂相比，CO2/K2C2O4·H2O形成的抑制区具有更显著的抑制效果。我们利用CHEMKIN研究了CO2/K2C2O4·H2O的联合抑制机制，发现CO2的稀释作用和K2C2O4·H2O分解产生的含钾化合物可以大大降低燃烧环境中活性自由基的浓度。本研究的基础是由CO2和K2C2O4·H2O组成的非预混抑制体系，旨在抑制发展的火焰和爆炸传播过程。研究结果为多相抑制剂和分级抑制系统的建立提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated corrosion monitoring framework for gathering pipelines: coupling simulation, IoT, and machine learning 集输管道集成腐蚀监测框架：耦合仿真、物联网和机器学习

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105896

Xinhong Li , Jintong Cao , Yabei Liu , Peihua Liu , Yan Chen , Renren Zhang

Corrosion-induced wall thinning poses a critical threat to the safety of oil and gas gathering pipelines. Existing methods frequently focus on the static prediction, resulting in warning latency and passive maintenance strategies. Dynamic monitoring is essential to transform integrity management from reactive repair to proactive intervention. This study develops a comprehensive intelligent monitoring framework. By acquiring pipeline operational parameters, a full-scale simulation model is constructed to achieve corrosion-prone segment identification and sensor layout optimization. Utilizing a dataset of 500 field samples covering 9 key physicochemical factors, a hybrid SSA-CNN-BiGRU corrosion rate monitoring model is established. The SSA optimizes the CNN for feature extraction, combined with a BiGRU to capture complex temporal dependencies. Comparisons with other models demonstrated that this method achieved superior evaluation metrics (R² = 0.99165, RMSE = 0.01283). The study is currently limited by the restricted dataset scale and use of fixed rather than adaptive warning thresholds. This research establishing a framework integrates multiphase flow simulation, IoT sensing, and deep learning, effectively shifting pipeline integrity management from static estimation to dynamic, data-driven intelligence.

腐蚀引起的管壁变薄对油气集输管道的安全构成了严重威胁。现有方法往往侧重于静态预测，导致预警延迟和被动维护策略。动态监测是将完整性管理从被动修复转变为主动干预的关键。本研究开发了一个全面的智能监控框架。通过获取管道运行参数，建立全尺寸仿真模型，实现易腐蚀管段识别和传感器布局优化。利用涵盖9个关键理化因素的500个现场样品数据集，建立了SSA-CNN-BiGRU混合腐蚀速率监测模型。SSA优化CNN进行特征提取，结合BiGRU捕获复杂的时间依赖关系。与其他模型的比较表明，该方法获得了更好的评价指标（R2 = 0.99165, RMSE = 0.01283）。该研究目前受到有限的数据集规模和使用固定而非自适应警告阈值的限制。本研究建立了一个集成多相流仿真、物联网传感和深度学习的框架，有效地将管道完整性管理从静态估计转变为动态的、数据驱动的智能。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal reactivity and fire risk in lagging systems: Influence of contaminants, lagging materials, and metals 滞后系统的热反应性和火灾风险：污染物、滞后材料和金属的影响

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105867

Sixten Dahlbom , Šarūnas Petronis , Lars Wadsö , Christian Hulteberg , Anders Lönnermark

Lagging fires pose a significant safety risk in industrial systems where organic contaminants interact with lagging (insulation) materials. This study used isothermal calorimetry to investigate factors influencing the self-heating and ignition propensity of various C18-based substances and rapeseed oil, as contaminants in the lagging. The contaminant and lagging under investigation were added to glass ampoules, and pentane was used as a solvent to distribute the contaminant on the lagging. The factors studied were lagging materials, molecular functionalities, and metal contaminants. It was found that substances with non-conjugated double bonds, particularly those containing bis-allylic hydrogen, gave rise to the greatest peak thermal powers. Noteworthy, all tested substances exhibited some level of reactivity, suggesting no substance can be considered completely safe without system-specific analysis. To evaluate different lagging materials, rapeseed oil was used. Greater peak thermal powers were observed with glass wool and stone wool treated at temperatures ≥500 °C, likely due to the degradation of the binder materials, as supported by TGA, SEM, and EDS analyses. Furthermore, it was found that metal salts (Mn, Fe, and Cu) and copper shavings significantly increased the reactivity, while stainless steel shavings had no significant effect. Mixtures of reactive substances behaved as single entities, and their peak thermal power could be estimated as a weighted average of the pure components’ peak thermal powers. The findings have practical implications for system design, material selection, and experimental protocols, aiding engineers in evaluating fire risks and developing safer insulation systems under realistic operating conditions.

滞后火灾在有机污染物与滞后（绝缘）材料相互作用的工业系统中构成重大的安全风险。本研究采用等温量热法研究了各种c18基物质和菜籽油作为滞后剂污染物的自热和着火倾向的影响因素。将所研究的污染物和滞后剂加入到玻璃安瓿中，用戊烷作为溶剂将污染物分散在滞后剂上。研究了滞后材料、分子功能和金属污染物等因素。研究发现，具有非共轭双键的物质，特别是含有双烯丙基氢的物质，产生最大的峰值热功率。值得注意的是，所有被测试的物质都表现出一定程度的反应性，这表明没有系统特异性分析，任何物质都不能被认为是完全安全的。为评价不同的滞后材料，选用菜籽油。在≥500°C的温度下，玻璃棉和石棉的峰值热功率更大，这可能是由于粘合剂材料的降解，TGA、SEM和EDS分析支持了这一点。此外，发现金属盐（Mn， Fe和Cu）和铜屑显著提高了反应活性，而不锈钢屑没有显著影响。反应物质的混合物表现为单个实体，其峰值热功率可以用纯组分峰值热功率的加权平均值来估计。研究结果对系统设计、材料选择和实验方案具有实际意义，有助于工程师评估火灾风险，并在实际操作条件下开发更安全的绝缘系统。

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引用次数: 0

The explosion suppression effects of added limestone dust on minimizing the risk of dust explosions in the printer cartridge recycling installation 添加石灰石粉尘对降低打印机墨盒回收装置粉尘爆炸风险的抑爆效果

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105875

Wojciech Moroń

Experimental investigations of explosive properties have confirmed that toner powder presents a significant explosion hazard. Existing explosion protection systems are mainly based on complex detection mechanisms and mitigation of the consequences of an explosion event. This study presents an explosion suppression approach employing inert dust, demonstrated using a small-scale recycling facility for spent laser printer cartridges as a case study. The scope of work encompassed a detailed operational analysis of the facility, identification of explosion hazard areas and zones, followed by laboratory-scale experiments and full-scale on-site tests. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of using inert material to neutralize the explosive properties of toner powder. In this case, calcium carbonate dust was chosen as an inert material. Furthermore, the mechanism of explosion suppression by inert dust was examined using TGA/DSC analyses. The results demonstrated that explosions in the recycling installation can be eliminated by continuous dosing of inert material. The explosion inhibition effect achieved exceeded 90 %, confirming the effectiveness of inert dust as a suppression medium. Analysis of the suppression mechanism revealed that the calcination of calcium carbonate generates products that enhance the suppression effect and significantly limit explosion propagation.

爆炸特性的实验研究证实，碳粉具有显著的爆炸危险性。现有的防爆系统主要基于复杂的探测机制和减轻爆炸事件的后果。本研究提出了一种使用惰性粉尘的爆炸抑制方法，并以小型激光打印机废墨盒回收设施为例进行了演示。工作范围包括对该设施进行详细的业务分析，确定爆炸危险地区和区域，然后进行实验室规模的实验和全面的现场测试。本研究的目的是评估使用惰性材料来中和碳粉爆炸特性的可能性。在这种情况下，选择碳酸钙粉尘作为惰性材料。利用热重分析（TGA）和差热分析（DSC）对惰性粉尘的抑爆机理进行了探讨。结果表明，通过连续添加惰性物质可以消除回收装置中的爆炸。爆炸抑制效果达到90%以上，证实了惰性粉尘作为抑制介质的有效性。抑制机理分析表明，碳酸钙煅烧生成的产物增强了抑制效果，显著地限制了爆炸的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Migration patterns of underground mine dust in the past two decades based upon the methods of bibliometric and visual analyses 基于文献计量学和目视分析方法的近20年地下矿山粉尘迁移规律研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105891

Yang Xiao , Jia-Wang He , Yong Cao , Zhen-Ping Wang , Jun Deng , Chi-Min Shu

The investigation into the migration patterns of mine dust holds substantial significance for ensuring safety production and safeguarding on occupational health in mining operations. To thoroughly explain the present research situation and development tendencies in this area, this work employed bibliometric and visual analyses on 914 papers retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (2005–2025) using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The results revealed a dramatic upsurge in annual publications addressing mine dust migration, with an average annual growth rate exceeding 20 %. The research trajectory can be categorised into four distinct phases: Foundational exploration, technological introduction, rapid advancement, and in-depth applications. China, the United States, and Russia emerge as the leading nations in this field, with China contributing 68 % of the total publications. Notable institutions, such as Shandong University of Science and Technology, and China University of Mining and Technology, have established a core collaborative network. Highly cited papers predominantly focus on numerical simulations of dust diffusion, the development of dust suppressants, and ventilation optimization technologies. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights “numerical simulation”, “coal dust suppression”, and “respirable dust” as key research areas. Cluster analysis further revealed that dust explosion characteristics, wetting mechanisms, and multi-physical field coupling represented frontier research directions. Bursting word analysis indicated that nanomaterials, intelligent monitoring, and intelligent dust control were emerging themes gaining increasing attention. Looking ahead, it is imperative to enhance interdisciplinary integration to advance refined modelling and intelligent control technologies for dust migration patterns. The results provided a robust theoretical foundation for strategic planning and technological innovation in mine dust research through the construction of a comprehensive knowledge map.

研究矿山粉尘的运移规律，对保障矿山安全生产和保障职业健康具有重要意义。为了全面阐述这一领域的研究现状和发展趋势，本研究利用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件对Web of Science核心文集（2005-2025）中的914篇论文进行了文献计量学和可视化分析。结果显示，关于矿山粉尘迁移的年度出版物急剧增加，年平均增长率超过20%。研究轨迹可分为基础探索、技术引进、快速推进和深入应用四个阶段。中国、美国和俄罗斯成为该领域的主要国家，其中中国占总出版物的68%。山东科技大学、中国矿业大学等知名院校已经建立了核心合作网络。高被引论文主要集中在粉尘扩散的数值模拟、抑尘剂的开发和通风优化技术。关键词共现分析突出了“数值模拟”、“煤尘抑制”和“呼吸性粉尘”作为重点研究领域。聚类分析进一步揭示了粉尘爆炸特征、润湿机理和多物理场耦合是研究的前沿方向。爆发词分析表明，纳米材料、智能监测和智能粉尘控制是日益受到关注的新兴主题。展望未来，必须加强跨学科的整合，以推进尘埃迁移模式的精细建模和智能控制技术。研究结果通过构建综合知识图谱，为矿山粉尘研究的战略规划和技术创新提供了坚实的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Safety-oriented catalytic hydrogenation based on supported catalysts: research progress and perspectives 基于负载型催化剂的安全型催化加氢研究进展与展望

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105902

Xinglin Wen , Junjie Gu , Yong Pan , Ahmed Mebarki , Juncheng Jiang

Catalytic hydrogenation serves as a cornerstone technology in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical sectors, offering substantial benefits in atom economy and resource efficiency. However, the development of highly efficient catalysts remains constrained by safety risks under harsh operating conditions and the flammability of hydrogen. Focusing on the representative nitrobenzene (NB) hydrogenation system, which yields core products including aniline (AN) and cyclohexylamine (CHA), this review systematically traces the development of catalysts for aromatic nitro-compound hydrogenation. It highlights rational nanostructural design strategies, including encompassing nanostructured catalysts, single atom catalysts, and metal-organic framework (MOF) composites, to achieve high activity and selectivity. Furthermore, we analyze metal-support interactions in both noble (Ru, Pd, Pt) and non-noble (Ni, Co, Fe) metal systems, with emphasis on support-derived electronic and spatial effects in representative catalysts (e.g., Pt/CeO₂, Ru/NC). The reaction mechanism of NB hydrogenation is elucidated in terms of substrate adsorption configurations, hydrogen activation pathways, and hydrogen spillover, which collectively underpin safe reaction control. Key structural modulation approaches such as alloying/doping, hollow architecture design, and facet engineering are also summarized. Finally, the review outlines future challenges and opportunities in balancing catalytic performance with process safety, providing theoretical support for the development of catalysis science.

催化加氢是精细化工和制药领域的基础技术，在原子经济性和资源效率方面具有巨大的优势。然而，高效催化剂的发展仍然受到恶劣操作条件下的安全风险和氢的可燃性的限制。以苯胺（AN）、环己胺（CHA）等核心产物为代表的硝基苯（NB）加氢体系为研究对象，系统地回顾了芳香硝基苯加氢催化剂的研究进展。强调合理的纳米结构设计策略，包括纳米结构催化剂、单原子催化剂和金属有机框架（MOF）复合材料，以实现高活性和选择性。此外，我们分析了贵金属（Ru, Pd, Pt）和非贵金属（Ni, Co, Fe）金属体系中的金属-载体相互作用，重点研究了代表性催化剂（例如Pt/CeO2， Ru/NC）中载体衍生的电子和空间效应。从底物吸附构型、氢活化途径和氢溢出等方面阐明了NB加氢的反应机理，为反应的安全控制奠定了基础。总结了合金/掺杂、空心结构设计和面形工程等关键结构调制方法。最后，概述了平衡催化性能与工艺安全的未来挑战和机遇，为催化科学的发展提供理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Study on Al powder explosion suppression mechanism of MCA@ADP-MMT composite MCA@ADP-MMT复合材料铝粉爆炸抑制机理研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105873

Haiyan Chen , Wenxue Sun , Hao Liu , Qi Zhang , Jinshe Chen , Xiaozhen Li , Jinzhou Li , Yeye He

To investigate the effectiveness of nitrogen-phosphorus-silicon composite in suppressing Al powder explosions, a nitrogen-phosphorus-silicon synergistic explosion suppressant, MCA@ADP-MMT, was prepared using montmorillonite (MMT), melamine cyanurate (MCA), and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) as the raw materials and its suppression effect and mechanism were investigated experimentally and numerically. Results show a strong correlation between suppression efficacy and suppressant concentration. At 300 %wt, MCA@ADP-MMT effectively quenches Al powder explosions, reducing maximum overpressure (P_max) by 96.3 %, maximum pressure rise rate (dP/dt_max) by 99.8 %, and the average flame propagation speed reduced from 2.26 m/s (α = 0.25) to 0.88 m/s (α = 1). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses reveal the physical suppression mechanism. The solid flame-retardant products, such as phosphates and silicates, produced from thermal decomposition of the composite coat the Al powder surface, which blocks heat and oxygen transfer and exerts a physical suppression effect. CHEMKIN simulations reveal the chemical mechanism. The nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and carbon-containing small molecules from explosion suppressant decomposition function through multiple mechanisms. They reduce the oxygen availability in the combustion zone by dilution, lower the combustion temperature by absorbing heat, scavenge reactive O radicals in the flame and inhibit the generation of AlO radicals, thereby terminating the chain reaction. In summary, MCA@ADP-MMT effectively mitigates Al powder explosions at elevated concentrations. This suppression performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of physical isolation-where the refractory coating impedes oxygen and heat transfer and gas phase chemical inhibition that involves dilution of oxygen, radical scavenge, and temperature reduction.

为研究氮磷硅复合材料对铝粉爆炸的抑制效果，以蒙脱土（MMT）、三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐（MCA）和二乙基膦酸铝（ADP）为原料制备了氮磷硅协同抑爆剂MCA@ADP-MMT，并对其抑制效果和机理进行了实验和数值研究。结果表明，抑菌剂浓度与抑菌效果密切相关。在300 %wt时，MCA@ADP-MMT有效地淬灭了Al粉爆炸，最大超压（Pmax）降低96.3%，最大压力上升率（dP/dtmax）降低99.8%，平均火焰传播速度从2.26 m/s （α = 0.25）降低到0.88 m/s （α = 1）。扫描电镜（SEM）和x射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析揭示了物理抑制机制。复合材料热分解产生的磷酸盐、硅酸盐等固体阻燃产物包覆在铝粉表面，阻断了热和氧的传递，起到物理抑制作用。CHEMKIN模拟揭示了化学机制。抑爆剂中的含氮、含磷、含碳小分子通过多种机制进行分解。它们通过稀释降低燃烧区氧的可用性，通过吸收热量降低燃烧温度，清除火焰中的活性氧自由基，抑制氧自由基的产生，从而终止链式反应。总之，MCA@ADP-MMT有效地减轻了高浓度铝粉的爆炸。这种抑制性能归因于物理隔离的协同效应，其中耐火涂层阻碍了氧气和热量的传递，以及气相化学抑制，包括氧气的稀释、自由基清除和温度降低。

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引用次数: 0

Representing what protects Us: From action to meaning in lockout-tagout procedures 代表保护我们的东西：从锁定程序中的行动到意义

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105871

Christian Foussard

Lockout-Tagout (LOTO) procedures are a cornerstone of hazardous energy control in high-risk industrial settings. While regulatory frameworks prescribe clear sequences of actions, these procedures are often implemented through linear checklists that provide limited support for understanding underlying risks or managing systemic vulnerabilities. This article introduces a multi-level bow-tie representation of LOTO, developed through a research-action initiative in a SEVESO classified pharmaceutical facility. The model articulates four interdependent layers of protection: the primary level (direct energy isolation), the secondary level (protection of primary barriers), the tertiary level (organizational structures that sustain continuity and reliability), and a metacognitive level (the cognitive infrastructure that supports reflection, anticipation, and shared understanding). Each level corresponds to distinct causal and temporal dynamics that are often obscured in conventional procedural formats. Drawing on literature from cognitive science, safety culture, and organizational learning, we argue that such layered representations enhance procedural intelligibility, reveal critical points of vulnerability, and foster both adaptive training and cross-functional dialogue. While requiring a degree of cultural maturity, the model was positively received by operational teams and integrated into local training practices. Beyond LOTO, this framework offers a transferable approach to the representation of safety-critical procedures, such as confined space entry or hot work operations. Improving safety performance may ultimately depend not only on better procedures, but on better representations, those that make protection architectures visible, intelligible, and meaningful across time, teams, and contexts.

锁定-标记（LOTO）程序是高风险工业环境中危险能源控制的基石。虽然监管框架规定了明确的行动顺序，但这些程序通常是通过线性检查清单来实施的，对于理解潜在风险或管理系统脆弱性提供的支持有限。本文介绍了LOTO的多层次领结表示，通过SEVESO分类制药设施的研究行动倡议开发。该模型阐明了四个相互依存的保护层：初级层（直接能量隔离）、二级层（保护主要障碍）、第三层（维持连续性和可靠性的组织结构）和元认知层（支持反思、预期和共同理解的认知基础设施）。每个关卡都对应着不同的因果关系和时间动态，而这在传统的程序格式中往往是模糊的。借鉴认知科学、安全文化和组织学习的文献，我们认为这种分层表征增强了程序的可理解性，揭示了脆弱性的关键点，并促进了适应性培训和跨职能对话。虽然需要一定程度的文化成熟度，但该模式得到了业务团队的积极接受，并纳入了当地的培训实践。除了LOTO之外，该框架还提供了一种可转移的方法来表示安全关键程序，例如密闭空间进入或热工作操作。提高安全性能最终可能不仅取决于更好的程序，还取决于更好的表示，这些表示使保护体系结构在时间、团队和环境中可见、可理解和有意义。

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引用次数: 0