In many regions, plants are the sole source of natural medicines. The numerous bioactive substances they contain have significant advantages in the prevention and treatment of many ailments. Determining the therapeutic characteristics of plants requires knowledge about their biological activity and essential oil contents. The mineral, nutritional, essential oil, and biological activity data for the genus Ocimum was gathered in this research. Several members of the genus Ocimum were found to engage in a wide variety of biological processes, as shown by the research findings. It has been discovered that this source may be very useful, particularly for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. It's also said to contain naturally occurring minerals, nutrients, and essential oils. For this reason, plants belonging to the genus Ocimum are being considered as a potential valuable resource for use in the development of pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"GENUS OCIMUM IN TERMS OF MINERAL, NUTRIENT, CHEMICAL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"F. Mohammed, I. Uysal, E. Sevindik, M. Sevindik","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9781","url":null,"abstract":"In many regions, plants are the sole source of natural medicines. The numerous bioactive substances they contain have significant advantages in the prevention and treatment of many ailments. Determining the therapeutic characteristics of plants requires knowledge about their biological activity and essential oil contents. The mineral, nutritional, essential oil, and biological activity data for the genus Ocimum was gathered in this research. Several members of the genus Ocimum were found to engage in a wide variety of biological processes, as shown by the research findings. It has been discovered that this source may be very useful, particularly for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. It's also said to contain naturally occurring minerals, nutrients, and essential oils. For this reason, plants belonging to the genus Ocimum are being considered as a potential valuable resource for use in the development of pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Caipang, Kathleen Mae Trebol, I. Suharman, Rolando Jr. Pakingking, Joel Jr. Deocampo
The majority of shrimp producers utilize probiotics derived from terrestrial sources as part of their aquaculture management. The beneficial effects of terrestrial probiotics on shrimp may be affected due to environmental differences between the cultivated species and the source of the probiotics. To ensure maximum effects on the host, it is essential to use probionts derived from the host or the environment of the cultured organism. Consequently, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize potential probionts from brackishwater by enriching the water with organic sources containing a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N). Six 10-li containers were filled with brackishwater from an estuary for a mesocosm experiment. To stimulate bacterial growth, water was enriched with either molasses or brown sugar at a C:N ratio of 15. After twenty days, all heterotrophic bacteria in the enriched water were enumerated. The in vitro antagonistic activities of distinct bacterial colonies against Vibrio harveyi, a crustacean pathogen, were evaluated on fresh Nutrient Agar plates containing 1% sodium chloride. There were 10 bacterial isolates with in vitro antibacterial activity. These bacterial isolates are categorized as belonging to the putative genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, and Rheinheimera. The implications of this study suggest that enriching brackishwater with organic carbon sources at high C:N ratios may increase the likelihood of isolating and developing potential probionts for shrimp aquaculture.
{"title":"ISOLATION OF POTENTIAL PROBIONTS FROM BRACKISHWATER ENRICHED WITH HIGH LEVELS OF CARBON SOURCE","authors":"C. Caipang, Kathleen Mae Trebol, I. Suharman, Rolando Jr. Pakingking, Joel Jr. Deocampo","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9819","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of shrimp producers utilize probiotics derived from terrestrial sources as part of their aquaculture management. The beneficial effects of terrestrial probiotics on shrimp may be affected due to environmental differences between the cultivated species and the source of the probiotics. To ensure maximum effects on the host, it is essential to use probionts derived from the host or the environment of the cultured organism. Consequently, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize potential probionts from brackishwater by enriching the water with organic sources containing a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N). Six 10-li containers were filled with brackishwater from an estuary for a mesocosm experiment. To stimulate bacterial growth, water was enriched with either molasses or brown sugar at a C:N ratio of 15. After twenty days, all heterotrophic bacteria in the enriched water were enumerated. The in vitro antagonistic activities of distinct bacterial colonies against Vibrio harveyi, a crustacean pathogen, were evaluated on fresh Nutrient Agar plates containing 1% sodium chloride. There were 10 bacterial isolates with in vitro antibacterial activity. These bacterial isolates are categorized as belonging to the putative genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, and Rheinheimera. The implications of this study suggest that enriching brackishwater with organic carbon sources at high C:N ratios may increase the likelihood of isolating and developing potential probionts for shrimp aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47687122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An endophytic fungus identified as Aspergillus carbonarius was obtained from from sea sponge Aaptos suberitioides. Phytochemical study of fungal A. carbonarius led to the isolation of four compounds (1-4) of which compound 1 was a new isocoumarin derivative, (R)-6-hydroxy-3-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxyisocoumarin. The others (compounds 2-4) were the known compounds. Isolation of these compounds was performed using vacuum liquid dan column chromatography. The structure elucidation and identification of these compounds were conducted with the help of NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds (1-4) were tested for their antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains and displayed inactive activity against all tested microorganisms.
{"title":"CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Aspergillus carbonarius ISOLATED FROM MARINE SPONGE Aaptos suberitoides","authors":"Muhammad Syahrur Ramadhan, Riga Riga, E. Hakim","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9467","url":null,"abstract":"An endophytic fungus identified as Aspergillus carbonarius was obtained from from sea sponge Aaptos suberitioides. Phytochemical study of fungal A. carbonarius led to the isolation of four compounds (1-4) of which compound 1 was a new isocoumarin derivative, (R)-6-hydroxy-3-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxyisocoumarin. The others (compounds 2-4) were the known compounds. Isolation of these compounds was performed using vacuum liquid dan column chromatography. The structure elucidation and identification of these compounds were conducted with the help of NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds (1-4) were tested for their antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains and displayed inactive activity against all tested microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48510956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pooja Singh, Angkita Sharma, P. Arivaradarajan, M. Bordoloi, B. K. Sarmah, Shoma Paul Nandi
Microbes are harmful as well as beneficial for the human, plants and environment. Plant-microbe interaction array depicts both mutualism and pathogenesis. This dual nature of microbes depends on their surrounding abiotic and biotic factors. Endophytes are plant symbionts, beneficial for plant health. Some microbes are harmful for plants and they also live inside the plants, are called pathogens. The interactions that exist between the endophytic communities have hardly been investigated. The microbes associated with the plants act mostly according to environmental factors. These factors have the ability to alter the nature of microbes from endophytes to pathogens and vice-versa. Thus, by modulating such environmental factors, these microbes can be designed to produce important secondary metabolites or desired products, either within the plants or under laboratory conditions. The plant-microbe interactions have immense research orientation in the near future. The international demand for medicinal plant-based resources has increased due to their augmented exploitation for research and development. Studies of such plants species having parallel phytochemical constituents or microbes producing similar constituents could be an effective way of circumventing this global demand gap. The present review gives a detailed description of the dual behavior that exists in plant endophytes. In addition, it details a state of coherence in their vivid mannerisms and various applications of microbes in different aspects, environmental safety, agriculture, and pollution control.
{"title":"BEHAVIORAL DUALISM OF ENDOPHYTES IN PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTION AND THEIR DIVERSE APPLICATIONS - A REVIEW","authors":"Pooja Singh, Angkita Sharma, P. Arivaradarajan, M. Bordoloi, B. K. Sarmah, Shoma Paul Nandi","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9401","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes are harmful as well as beneficial for the human, plants and environment. Plant-microbe interaction array depicts both mutualism and pathogenesis. This dual nature of microbes depends on their surrounding abiotic and biotic factors. Endophytes are plant symbionts, beneficial for plant health. Some microbes are harmful for plants and they also live inside the plants, are called pathogens. The interactions that exist between the endophytic communities have hardly been investigated. The microbes associated with the plants act mostly according to environmental factors. These factors have the ability to alter the nature of microbes from endophytes to pathogens and vice-versa. Thus, by modulating such environmental factors, these microbes can be designed to produce important secondary metabolites or desired products, either within the plants or under laboratory conditions. The plant-microbe interactions have immense research orientation in the near future. The international demand for medicinal plant-based resources has increased due to their augmented exploitation for research and development. Studies of such plants species having parallel phytochemical constituents or microbes producing similar constituents could be an effective way of circumventing this global demand gap. The present review gives a detailed description of the dual behavior that exists in plant endophytes. In addition, it details a state of coherence in their vivid mannerisms and various applications of microbes in different aspects, environmental safety, agriculture, and pollution control.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lenka Hutárová, Miroslava Hlebová, Simona Bérešová, D. Vešelényiová
Aquatic ecosystems are becoming increasingly affected by micropollutants. The survival of microbial communities and entire aquatic ecosystems depends directly on their ability to adapt to this type of pollution. One of the most common micropollutants found in water bodies, especially in the vicinity of large cities, is caffeine. This stimulant directly affects living organisms and can cause changes in the species composition of microbial communities. However, the best way to decontaminate caffeine from the environment may be through the use of microorganisms. Therefore, in this study, the effect of caffeine on selected species of cyanobacteria and algae was investigated. The following strains of cyanobacteria: Geitlerinema cf. acuminatum (CCALA 141), Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (CCALA 039), Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (CCALA 1005), and Synechococcus granulates (CCALA 187) and a eukaryotic photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis (strain Z) were selected. Probit analysis determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caffeine for each studied species. Also, the inhibitory effect of caffeine on each tested strain was monitored in vivo. Next, the strains were microscopically observed, and the potential change in their morphology under the caffeine treatment was recorded. The reproduction rate of all species in the study were moderately inhibited by caffeine, but during the cultivation, they were able to grow in comparison with the control sets. The most sensitive species was Geitlerinema cf. acuminatum (CCALA 141). The study also showed a significant effect of caffeine on morphology changes in the strains under investigation. Caffeine at low concentrations also showed a stimulating effect on the growth of the studied species. This may lead to their improved competence potential within microbial communities in the aquatic biotopes.
{"title":"EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON SELECTED REPRESENTATIVES OF PHOTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS","authors":"Lenka Hutárová, Miroslava Hlebová, Simona Bérešová, D. Vešelényiová","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.10419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.10419","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic ecosystems are becoming increasingly affected by micropollutants. The survival of microbial communities and entire aquatic ecosystems depends directly on their ability to adapt to this type of pollution. One of the most common micropollutants found in water bodies, especially in the vicinity of large cities, is caffeine. This stimulant directly affects living organisms and can cause changes in the species composition of microbial communities. However, the best way to decontaminate caffeine from the environment may be through the use of microorganisms. Therefore, in this study, the effect of caffeine on selected species of cyanobacteria and algae was investigated. The following strains of cyanobacteria: Geitlerinema cf. acuminatum (CCALA 141), Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (CCALA 039), Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (CCALA 1005), and Synechococcus granulates (CCALA 187) and a eukaryotic photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis (strain Z) were selected. Probit analysis determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caffeine for each studied species. Also, the inhibitory effect of caffeine on each tested strain was monitored in vivo. Next, the strains were microscopically observed, and the potential change in their morphology under the caffeine treatment was recorded. The reproduction rate of all species in the study were moderately inhibited by caffeine, but during the cultivation, they were able to grow in comparison with the control sets. The most sensitive species was Geitlerinema cf. acuminatum (CCALA 141). The study also showed a significant effect of caffeine on morphology changes in the strains under investigation. Caffeine at low concentrations also showed a stimulating effect on the growth of the studied species. This may lead to their improved competence potential within microbial communities in the aquatic biotopes.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Tancinova, Zuzana Barboráková, Z. Mašková, Monika Mrvová, Juraj Medo, M. Golian, J. Štefániková, J. Árvay
Essential oils (EOs) are a suitable alternative for extending the shelf life of foods. The aim of this research was to test the effect of fifteen EOs extracted from plants of the Lamiaceae family on five strains of Cladosporium cladosporioides. Cladosporium cladosporioides is frequently found on fruit and may be involved in fruit spoilage. The strains used in the study were isolated directly from lesions on berries. The growth of the fungi on the fruit was the reason for its rejection from sale. The antifungal activity of EOs against Cladosporium cladosporioides strains was determined by the microatmospheric method (625 μl EO/L air) during 14 days of cultivation. Thirteen EOs: thyme and red thyme (from Thymus vulgaris L.), mitcham mint (Mentha x piperita L. var. Mitcham), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), spearmint (Mentha spicata L. var. crispa), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), bergamot-mint (Mentha citrata Erh.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) were shown to inhibit growth of all strains to 100%. Basil (Ocinum basilicum L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) EOs did not have a 100% inhibitory effect on all strains throughout the cultivation period. Subsequently, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIDs) were determined using the microatmospheric method. LD90 and LD50 values were estimated by probit analysis. Based on the MID, LD90, and LD50 results, the essential oils can be divided into three groups. The first group (most effective): thyme, red thyme, spearmint, wild thyme, and oregano EO; the second group: peppermint, lavender, mitcham mint and savory EO; the third group: sage, marjoram, bergamot-mint and hyssop EO. The most effective EOs can be used to suppress the growth of Cladosporium cladosporioides in the vapour phase.
{"title":"IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS (FAMILY LAMIACEAE) AGAINST CLADOSPORIUM SP. STRAINS – POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS OF FRUITS","authors":"D. Tancinova, Zuzana Barboráková, Z. Mašková, Monika Mrvová, Juraj Medo, M. Golian, J. Štefániková, J. Árvay","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9921","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) are a suitable alternative for extending the shelf life of foods. The aim of this research was to test the effect of fifteen EOs extracted from plants of the Lamiaceae family on five strains of Cladosporium cladosporioides. Cladosporium cladosporioides is frequently found on fruit and may be involved in fruit spoilage. The strains used in the study were isolated directly from lesions on berries. The growth of the fungi on the fruit was the reason for its rejection from sale. The antifungal activity of EOs against Cladosporium cladosporioides strains was determined by the microatmospheric method (625 μl EO/L air) during 14 days of cultivation. Thirteen EOs: thyme and red thyme (from Thymus vulgaris L.), mitcham mint (Mentha x piperita L. var. Mitcham), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), spearmint (Mentha spicata L. var. crispa), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), bergamot-mint (Mentha citrata Erh.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) were shown to inhibit growth of all strains to 100%. Basil (Ocinum basilicum L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) EOs did not have a 100% inhibitory effect on all strains throughout the cultivation period. Subsequently, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIDs) were determined using the microatmospheric method. LD90 and LD50 values were estimated by probit analysis. Based on the MID, LD90, and LD50 results, the essential oils can be divided into three groups. The first group (most effective): thyme, red thyme, spearmint, wild thyme, and oregano EO; the second group: peppermint, lavender, mitcham mint and savory EO; the third group: sage, marjoram, bergamot-mint and hyssop EO. The most effective EOs can be used to suppress the growth of Cladosporium cladosporioides in the vapour phase.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49283314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are a rich natural resource that serve many uses for people. Humans have long relied on plants for a wide range of needs, including sustenance, housing, and health care. People have been looking to nature for medical solutions since ancient times. He accomplished this by experimenting with and repurposing various organic materials. Plants are the most often utilized of these natural resources. Because of the potential for adverse reactions to synthetic medications, there has been a shift in recent years toward a greater reliance on natural goods. As such, it is crucial to learn which plants are active in certain biological processes. Our research focused on the phenolic, mineral, nutritional, and essential oil content of Crocus genus members as well as their biological activity. A number of crocus species have been demonstrated to have medicinal and nutritional value. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer research has also seen a surge in recent years. Essential oils and phenolic chemicals are suspected to be present in this plant, making it a potential natural source.
{"title":"A REVIEW OF GENUS CROCUS: PHENOLIC, NUTRIENT, MINERAL, ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES","authors":"M. Sevindik, F. Mohammed, I. Uysal","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9820","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are a rich natural resource that serve many uses for people. Humans have long relied on plants for a wide range of needs, including sustenance, housing, and health care. People have been looking to nature for medical solutions since ancient times. He accomplished this by experimenting with and repurposing various organic materials. Plants are the most often utilized of these natural resources. Because of the potential for adverse reactions to synthetic medications, there has been a shift in recent years toward a greater reliance on natural goods. As such, it is crucial to learn which plants are active in certain biological processes. Our research focused on the phenolic, mineral, nutritional, and essential oil content of Crocus genus members as well as their biological activity. A number of crocus species have been demonstrated to have medicinal and nutritional value. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer research has also seen a surge in recent years. Essential oils and phenolic chemicals are suspected to be present in this plant, making it a potential natural source.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43016075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Al-wahili, A. Al-Manhel, R. Al-Ali, A. Altemimi
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (PGA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer that has been receiving increasing attention in various fields, including the food, medical, and cosmetic industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PGA, discussing its biosynthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. The biosynthesis of PGA is discussed in detail, highlighting the various microorganisms that are capable of producing PGA and the factors that affect its production. The structure and molecular weight of PGA are also described, as well as its solubility and biodegradability. These properties make PGA a highly versatile material that can be utilized in a wide range of applications. The review also provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging applications of PGA. In the food industry, PGA has been used as a natural preservative, a thickener, and a flavor enhancer. In the medical field, PGA has shown promising results as a drug delivery system and a scaffold for tissue engineering. The challenges and future directions for the production and utilization of PGA are also discussed. This review article covers key aspects, including production process optimization, property improvement, and exploration of novel applications for PGA. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals who wish to explore the potential of PGA in diverse applications. The exceptional properties of PGA make it highly appealing, with a broad spectrum of potential uses across multiple industries.
{"title":"POLY-GAMMA-GLUTAMIC ACID: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS","authors":"Mohammed Al-wahili, A. Al-Manhel, R. Al-Ali, A. Altemimi","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.10075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.10075","url":null,"abstract":"Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (PGA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer that has been receiving increasing attention in various fields, including the food, medical, and cosmetic industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PGA, discussing its biosynthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. The biosynthesis of PGA is discussed in detail, highlighting the various microorganisms that are capable of producing PGA and the factors that affect its production. The structure and molecular weight of PGA are also described, as well as its solubility and biodegradability. These properties make PGA a highly versatile material that can be utilized in a wide range of applications. The review also provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging applications of PGA. In the food industry, PGA has been used as a natural preservative, a thickener, and a flavor enhancer. In the medical field, PGA has shown promising results as a drug delivery system and a scaffold for tissue engineering. The challenges and future directions for the production and utilization of PGA are also discussed. This review article covers key aspects, including production process optimization, property improvement, and exploration of novel applications for PGA. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals who wish to explore the potential of PGA in diverse applications. The exceptional properties of PGA make it highly appealing, with a broad spectrum of potential uses across multiple industries.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44262884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayson H. Alkhatib, Fatima ALHusini, Maryam Al-Amri, Abdullah ALHatmi, Khamis ALRiyami, Mallak ALGhafri
Chitosan is considered one of the most abundant polysaccharide in the world. Therefore, it has several applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the structure of chitosan may limit its solubility and bioavailability. The current study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan by combining it with vitamin E nanoemulsion (CH-NE-vitE). The structural, thermal stability, and physical differences between chitosan and its new derivative were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of CH-NE-vitE against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida krusei and Enterobacter hormaechei were examined using disc and well diffusion methods in addition to the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The morphology changes in the treated microbes were visualized using the SEM. The characterization of CH-NE-vitE exhibited noticeable changes in the chitosan physical properties and chemical structure including increased solubility, interaction rates, and stability. The new derivative has inhibited the growth of both S. aureus, and C. krusei while promoting the growth of E. hormaechei. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against the S. aureus, and C. krusei were 1.563 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively. The produced CH-NE-vitE can be used in drug delivery, dermal products, and food packaging.
壳聚糖被认为是世界上最丰富的多糖之一。因此，它在食品和制药行业有多种应用。然而，壳聚糖的结构可能会限制其溶解度和生物利用度。本研究旨在通过将壳聚糖与维生素E纳米乳液（CH-NE-vitE）相结合来改善其理化性质。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振光谱（NMR）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析了壳聚糖及其新衍生物的结构、热稳定性和物理差异。此外，除了测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）外，还用圆盘和孔扩散法检测了CH-NE-vitE对金黄色葡萄球菌、克鲁塞念珠菌和霍马肠杆菌的抗菌活性。用SEM观察了处理后微生物的形态变化。CH-NE-vitE的表征显示出壳聚糖的物理性质和化学结构发生了显著变化，包括溶解度、相互作用速率和稳定性增加。这种新的衍生物抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌和克鲁塞氏葡萄球菌的生长，同时促进了荷马赤霉的生长。对金黄色葡萄球菌和克鲁塞梭菌的最低抑制浓度分别为1.563 mg/mL和3.125 mg/mL。生产的CH NE vitE可用于药物递送、真皮产品和食品包装。
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN-VITAMIN E-NANOEMULSION","authors":"Mayson H. Alkhatib, Fatima ALHusini, Maryam Al-Amri, Abdullah ALHatmi, Khamis ALRiyami, Mallak ALGhafri","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.10123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.10123","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan is considered one of the most abundant polysaccharide in the world. Therefore, it has several applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the structure of chitosan may limit its solubility and bioavailability. The current study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan by combining it with vitamin E nanoemulsion (CH-NE-vitE). The structural, thermal stability, and physical differences between chitosan and its new derivative were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of CH-NE-vitE against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida krusei and Enterobacter hormaechei were examined using disc and well diffusion methods in addition to the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The morphology changes in the treated microbes were visualized using the SEM. The characterization of CH-NE-vitE exhibited noticeable changes in the chitosan physical properties and chemical structure including increased solubility, interaction rates, and stability. The new derivative has inhibited the growth of both S. aureus, and C. krusei while promoting the growth of E. hormaechei. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against the S. aureus, and C. krusei were 1.563 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively. The produced CH-NE-vitE can be used in drug delivery, dermal products, and food packaging.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are cosmopolitan in distribution with multiple ecological niches. LAB shows diverse applications in improvement of health by biochemical interference or imuno modulation to overcome several clinical circumstances. Lactose intolerance (LI) is one such situation, where individual show lactose maldigestion after the consumption of dairy products. It is necessary to overcome such a condition by employing indigenous beneficial bacteria or their products. Therefore, in this study we have isolated and characterized LAB from fermented milk samples, from remote villages of districts of south India. Traditionally fermented milk samples (68) were collected, cultivated on MRS medium, identified by biochemical and carbohydrate metabolic activity and correlated with Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. When matched with other LAB, Lactiplantibacillus isolates were able to reduced pH of medium significantly and reached pH of 4.6 in 48 hours. On MRS agar, 450 different bacterial isolates were isolated, recognized as presumptive LAB and classified up to the level of genera as Lactiplantibacillus (285), Lactococcus (70), Pediococcus (19), Streptococcus (20), and Enterococcus (16). Later, β-galactosidase screening was carried out using MRS/X-gal agar medium. Out of 450 LAB isolates only Lactiplantibacillus isolates were potential β-galactosidase producers. GRAS organisms such as LAB are multifaceted diverse group of bacteria localized in varieties of fermented foods/in the intestine and recognized as probiotics. Distinct contribution of LAB in health care and disorder management made this organism as a choice for alternate therapy; hence functionality of LAB can be promoted for LI management.
{"title":"METABOLISM AND FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF FERMENTED MILK ORIGIN LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FOR LACTOSE INTOLERANCE","authors":"Mahantesh Vasudha, Gayathri Devaraja","doi":"10.55251/jmbfs.9654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9654","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are cosmopolitan in distribution with multiple ecological niches. LAB shows diverse applications in improvement of health by biochemical interference or imuno modulation to overcome several clinical circumstances. Lactose intolerance (LI) is one such situation, where individual show lactose maldigestion after the consumption of dairy products. It is necessary to overcome such a condition by employing indigenous beneficial bacteria or their products. Therefore, in this study we have isolated and characterized LAB from fermented milk samples, from remote villages of districts of south India. Traditionally fermented milk samples (68) were collected, cultivated on MRS medium, identified by biochemical and carbohydrate metabolic activity and correlated with Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. When matched with other LAB, Lactiplantibacillus isolates were able to reduced pH of medium significantly and reached pH of 4.6 in 48 hours. On MRS agar, 450 different bacterial isolates were isolated, recognized as presumptive LAB and classified up to the level of genera as Lactiplantibacillus (285), Lactococcus (70), Pediococcus (19), Streptococcus (20), and Enterococcus (16). Later, β-galactosidase screening was carried out using MRS/X-gal agar medium. Out of 450 LAB isolates only Lactiplantibacillus isolates were potential β-galactosidase producers. GRAS organisms such as LAB are multifaceted diverse group of bacteria localized in varieties of fermented foods/in the intestine and recognized as probiotics. Distinct contribution of LAB in health care and disorder management made this organism as a choice for alternate therapy; hence functionality of LAB can be promoted for LI management.","PeriodicalId":16348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44192013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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