Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_3_20
Dhammapal Bharne, Bhagyashri Tawar, V. Vindal
Background: Pathogens usually evade and manipulate host immune pathways through host-pathogen protein interactions. Uncovering these interactions is crucial for determining the mechanisms underlying pathogen infection and the defense system. The growing prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in the world necessitated advances in TB research. With the rising information from several divisions of biosciences, computational approaches are promising to analyze and interpret the data at the system level. Methods: In the present study, in silico two-hybrid systems is employed on model organisms to predict physical interactions among proteins of Human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Consistent protein interactions are identified by the Interlog method. Co-expression analysis and functional annotations are performed to infer significant Human and Mtb protein physical interactions (HMIs). Results: The interactions identified in this study support the current TB research through an improved understanding of the pathogen infection and survival mechanism. A network of HMIs highlighted dnaK as the most highly interacting protein. Further, dnaK, eno, tuf, and gap proteins are found to trigger toll-like receptor signaling pathways and initiate pathogenesis. Conclusion: The interactions proteins identified in this study may incline the researchers to explore for novel therapeutic intervention strategies.
{"title":"Uncovering physical interactions among human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins","authors":"Dhammapal Bharne, Bhagyashri Tawar, V. Vindal","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_3_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_3_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pathogens usually evade and manipulate host immune pathways through host-pathogen protein interactions. Uncovering these interactions is crucial for determining the mechanisms underlying pathogen infection and the defense system. The growing prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in the world necessitated advances in TB research. With the rising information from several divisions of biosciences, computational approaches are promising to analyze and interpret the data at the system level. Methods: In the present study, in silico two-hybrid systems is employed on model organisms to predict physical interactions among proteins of Human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Consistent protein interactions are identified by the Interlog method. Co-expression analysis and functional annotations are performed to infer significant Human and Mtb protein physical interactions (HMIs). Results: The interactions identified in this study support the current TB research through an improved understanding of the pathogen infection and survival mechanism. A network of HMIs highlighted dnaK as the most highly interacting protein. Further, dnaK, eno, tuf, and gap proteins are found to trigger toll-like receptor signaling pathways and initiate pathogenesis. Conclusion: The interactions proteins identified in this study may incline the researchers to explore for novel therapeutic intervention strategies.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"194 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75107599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_205_19
Remya Paul, J. Mukkadan
Introduction: Prediabetes is the state of intermediate hyperglycemia. The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of controlled vestibular stimulation (CVS) on blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, and anxiety levels in prediabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted at Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala. This study comprised 117 prediabetic patients divided into experimental and control groups. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressures, blood glucose levels, and oxidative stress parameters were estimated. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used to measure the anxiety levels. CVS was provided to the patients in the experimental group using a swing with back to front direction for 3 months. The parameters were reassessed after 3 months of intervention. Comparisons of parameters were carried out by paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Blood glucose levels, malondialdehyde level, and anxiety levels were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase activity after the intervention compared with the control group. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the importance of cost-effective lifestyle intervention for prediabetic patients. CVS can be incorporated in the lifestyle to maintain optimum blood glucose levels and tackle oxidative stress and anxiety
{"title":"Modulation of blood glucose, oxidative stress, and anxiety level by controlled vestibular stimulation in prediabetes","authors":"Remya Paul, J. Mukkadan","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_205_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_205_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prediabetes is the state of intermediate hyperglycemia. The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of controlled vestibular stimulation (CVS) on blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, and anxiety levels in prediabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted at Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala. This study comprised 117 prediabetic patients divided into experimental and control groups. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressures, blood glucose levels, and oxidative stress parameters were estimated. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used to measure the anxiety levels. CVS was provided to the patients in the experimental group using a swing with back to front direction for 3 months. The parameters were reassessed after 3 months of intervention. Comparisons of parameters were carried out by paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Blood glucose levels, malondialdehyde level, and anxiety levels were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase activity after the intervention compared with the control group. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the importance of cost-effective lifestyle intervention for prediabetic patients. CVS can be incorporated in the lifestyle to maintain optimum blood glucose levels and tackle oxidative stress and anxiety","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"111 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87736988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_61_20
Bhamani Tongbram, T. Singh, D. Tsering
Background: Humans acquire Paragonimus westermani (lung flukes) infestation by consumption of crabs and crayfish harboring Paragonimus metacercariae. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of P. westermani infection in fresh water crabs found in Manipur, India. The morphological characterization of adult fluke recovered from Wister rats infected with P. metacercariae was also studied. Materials and Methods: The freshwater crabs were collected from the mountain streams of Churachanpur district, Manipur, India. P. metacercariae were harvested from the crab extract under a stereomicroscope. To recover adult flukes, twenty P. westermani-type metacercariae were injected intraperitoneally to Wister rats. The adult fluke recovered from Wister rats were stained with borax carmine, and the whole mount was used for morphological assessment. Results: Crabs of species, Maydelliathelphusa lugubris, were found to harbor Paragonimus heterotremus- and westermani-type metacercariae. Two migratory flukes were recovered from the lung surface of the Wister rats injected intraperitoneally with metacercariae. The morphological features of the mounted specimen of adult fluke recovered showed six lobed ovaries with terminal branching and five lobed testes. On the basis of the morphological features, the species was identified as P. westermani despite the atypical features of its metacercariae. Conclusion: Here, we report the role of M. lugubris fresh water crab species as natural permissive hosts of lung fluke (P. westermani) in Manipur region of India.
{"title":"Evaluation of paragonimus metacercariae isolated from Maydelliathelphusa Lugubris and morphological characterization of Paragonimus Westermani recovered from an experimental model","authors":"Bhamani Tongbram, T. Singh, D. Tsering","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_61_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_61_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Humans acquire Paragonimus westermani (lung flukes) infestation by consumption of crabs and crayfish harboring Paragonimus metacercariae. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of P. westermani infection in fresh water crabs found in Manipur, India. The morphological characterization of adult fluke recovered from Wister rats infected with P. metacercariae was also studied. Materials and Methods: The freshwater crabs were collected from the mountain streams of Churachanpur district, Manipur, India. P. metacercariae were harvested from the crab extract under a stereomicroscope. To recover adult flukes, twenty P. westermani-type metacercariae were injected intraperitoneally to Wister rats. The adult fluke recovered from Wister rats were stained with borax carmine, and the whole mount was used for morphological assessment. Results: Crabs of species, Maydelliathelphusa lugubris, were found to harbor Paragonimus heterotremus- and westermani-type metacercariae. Two migratory flukes were recovered from the lung surface of the Wister rats injected intraperitoneally with metacercariae. The morphological features of the mounted specimen of adult fluke recovered showed six lobed ovaries with terminal branching and five lobed testes. On the basis of the morphological features, the species was identified as P. westermani despite the atypical features of its metacercariae. Conclusion: Here, we report the role of M. lugubris fresh water crab species as natural permissive hosts of lung fluke (P. westermani) in Manipur region of India.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"176 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89905276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_149_19
H. N. Natraj Setty, C. Rama, P. Murthy, Santhosh Jadav, K. Murthy, Rahul Krishnarao Patil, Sathwik Raj, Babu Reddy, B. Srinivas, T. Raghu, C. Manjunath
An aortic aneurysm is a rare clinical entity since most patients will present with complications of dissection or rupture before the size of aneurysm reaches that magnitude. The classical presentation of a patient with acute aortic dissection (AAD) is characterized by severe chest, back, or abdominal pain, ripping or tearing in nature (mimics myocardial infarction). However, some patients present with painless AAD. We hereby present a case report of a 28-year aged female who presented with palpitation from the past 2 years, diagnosed to have aortic aneurysm with dissection and severe aortic regurgitation. She eventually underwent Bentall's procedure and had an uneventful recovery.
{"title":"Dissecting aortic aneurysm associated with severe aortic regurgitation in an asymptomatic young female","authors":"H. N. Natraj Setty, C. Rama, P. Murthy, Santhosh Jadav, K. Murthy, Rahul Krishnarao Patil, Sathwik Raj, Babu Reddy, B. Srinivas, T. Raghu, C. Manjunath","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_149_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_149_19","url":null,"abstract":"An aortic aneurysm is a rare clinical entity since most patients will present with complications of dissection or rupture before the size of aneurysm reaches that magnitude. The classical presentation of a patient with acute aortic dissection (AAD) is characterized by severe chest, back, or abdominal pain, ripping or tearing in nature (mimics myocardial infarction). However, some patients present with painless AAD. We hereby present a case report of a 28-year aged female who presented with palpitation from the past 2 years, diagnosed to have aortic aneurysm with dissection and severe aortic regurgitation. She eventually underwent Bentall's procedure and had an uneventful recovery.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"81 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86082050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_120_19
V. Sengodan, Shreyas Doddihithlu
Background: The progressive increase in concentration of circulating metal by-products derived from the metal-based orthopedic implants may have deleterious effects in the patients over the long term. Therefore, it is necessary to profile the metal levels in the body of the patients receiving metal implants using appropriate highly sensitive techniques and strategies. Hence, in this study, we estimated the levels of metal in serum of patients with metal implants. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 25 patients with metallic implants were collected at 6 months postsurgery. The blood samples were subjected to triple acid digestion and then analyzed through inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy, and the blood levels of various metals were quantified. Results: An increase in serum levels of titanium was observed in the patients with metal implants at 6 months postsurgical implant. However, the levels of titanium were within the normal range (normal level <7.2 μg/l), and we did not observe any signs of detectable systemic toxicity. In contrast, the mean serum levels of cobalt (0.19–2.6 μg/l) and nickel (0.05–1.08 μg/l) were above the normal range. Conclusion: Orthopedic patients with metal implants had the serum levels of titanium within the normal range but had serum levels of cobalt and nickel above the normal range. Despite increase in the serum levels of cobalt and nickel, the patients did not show any clinical signs of toxicity.
{"title":"Analysis of hematological metal element levels in orthopedic patients with implants","authors":"V. Sengodan, Shreyas Doddihithlu","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_120_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_120_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The progressive increase in concentration of circulating metal by-products derived from the metal-based orthopedic implants may have deleterious effects in the patients over the long term. Therefore, it is necessary to profile the metal levels in the body of the patients receiving metal implants using appropriate highly sensitive techniques and strategies. Hence, in this study, we estimated the levels of metal in serum of patients with metal implants. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 25 patients with metallic implants were collected at 6 months postsurgery. The blood samples were subjected to triple acid digestion and then analyzed through inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy, and the blood levels of various metals were quantified. Results: An increase in serum levels of titanium was observed in the patients with metal implants at 6 months postsurgical implant. However, the levels of titanium were within the normal range (normal level <7.2 μg/l), and we did not observe any signs of detectable systemic toxicity. In contrast, the mean serum levels of cobalt (0.19–2.6 μg/l) and nickel (0.05–1.08 μg/l) were above the normal range. Conclusion: Orthopedic patients with metal implants had the serum levels of titanium within the normal range but had serum levels of cobalt and nickel above the normal range. Despite increase in the serum levels of cobalt and nickel, the patients did not show any clinical signs of toxicity.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"252 1","pages":"17 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83726220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_96_19
Gopalakrishnan Sundaram, R. Theagarajan, K. Gopalakrishnan, G. Babu, G. Murthy
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of metformin and fenugreek seed powder as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) with the effect achieved using SRP and metformin alone by assessing their respective effects on periodontal parameters, glycemic status, and inflammatory marker. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients were included in this study who were further divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 40 patients. Group 1 patients included chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), who received SRP and treatment with metformin. Group 2 patients included chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 DM, who received SRP, metformin plus fenugreek powder. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Blood samples were also collected to assess the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) at baseline and after 1 month of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: On intragroup comparison of clinical parameters at baseline and after treatment, a statistically significant reduction was observed for both Group 1 and Group 2 patients. When intergroup comparison was done after treatment, significant reduction was observed only for PI (P < 0.0031). On intragroup comparison was done for fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment, there were statistically significant changes seen in both the groups for FBS (P < 0.001) and for HbA1c in Group 2 patients alone. The level of IL-6 also reduced after treatment compared to baseline values (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The direct effect of fenugreek on the FBS level could attribute to the changes in the PI and decrease in the inflammation. Thus, the study showed that fenugreek seeds could be used as an adjuvant in chronic periodontitis patients to control type 2 DM and inflammatory marker IL-6.
{"title":"Effect of fenugreek consumption with metformin treatment in improving plaque index in diabetic patients","authors":"Gopalakrishnan Sundaram, R. Theagarajan, K. Gopalakrishnan, G. Babu, G. Murthy","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_96_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_96_19","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of metformin and fenugreek seed powder as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) with the effect achieved using SRP and metformin alone by assessing their respective effects on periodontal parameters, glycemic status, and inflammatory marker. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients were included in this study who were further divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 40 patients. Group 1 patients included chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), who received SRP and treatment with metformin. Group 2 patients included chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 DM, who received SRP, metformin plus fenugreek powder. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Blood samples were also collected to assess the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) at baseline and after 1 month of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: On intragroup comparison of clinical parameters at baseline and after treatment, a statistically significant reduction was observed for both Group 1 and Group 2 patients. When intergroup comparison was done after treatment, significant reduction was observed only for PI (P < 0.0031). On intragroup comparison was done for fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment, there were statistically significant changes seen in both the groups for FBS (P < 0.001) and for HbA1c in Group 2 patients alone. The level of IL-6 also reduced after treatment compared to baseline values (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The direct effect of fenugreek on the FBS level could attribute to the changes in the PI and decrease in the inflammation. Thus, the study showed that fenugreek seeds could be used as an adjuvant in chronic periodontitis patients to control type 2 DM and inflammatory marker IL-6.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"55 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91269336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_156_19
N. Saravanan, P. Rajendiran, S. Sankar, Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, Archana Sasimohan, Vishnu Vineeta, G. Varghese, M. Idikula, M. Jesudason, R. Mangalakumar, A. Nair, R. Babujanarthanam, B. Nandagopal, G. Sridharan
Background: Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi is a vector-borne zoonotic infection endemic in several parts of the globe. The infection generally presents with fever and nonspecific clinical features but may lead to severe complications with a high mortality rate if untreated. Early diagnosis and timely management are therefore important. Serological diagnosis such as Weil–Felix test, indirect immunofluorescence assay, immunoglobulin (Ig) M/IgG ELISA, and rapid antibody detection assays are either less sensitive or laborious. Molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting specific gene targets of O. tsutsugamushi is warranted. Materials and Methods: We developed a real-time PCR assay targeting 47-KDa htrA gene for the specific diagnosis of the pathogen. The assay was evaluated in a buffy coat from whole blood or serum samples collected from patients presenting with acute febrile illness. Randomly selected samples were also tested for IgM by commercial IgM ELISA assay. Results: The real-time PCR assay was able to detect <1 genome copy per the PCR input and specific to O. tsutsugamushi on heterologous pathogens testing. The samples were negative by real-time PCR and 13 samples were positive by IgM ELISA. This study found a relatively low prevalence of scrub typhus in the population. Conclusion: The assay developed in this study could be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of O. tsutsugamushi in clinical samples. The study also indicated the need for a wide epidemiological survey that could help determine appropriate health measures including treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Detection of scrub typhus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M ELISA among patients with acute febrile illness","authors":"N. Saravanan, P. Rajendiran, S. Sankar, Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, Archana Sasimohan, Vishnu Vineeta, G. Varghese, M. Idikula, M. Jesudason, R. Mangalakumar, A. Nair, R. Babujanarthanam, B. Nandagopal, G. Sridharan","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_156_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_156_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi is a vector-borne zoonotic infection endemic in several parts of the globe. The infection generally presents with fever and nonspecific clinical features but may lead to severe complications with a high mortality rate if untreated. Early diagnosis and timely management are therefore important. Serological diagnosis such as Weil–Felix test, indirect immunofluorescence assay, immunoglobulin (Ig) M/IgG ELISA, and rapid antibody detection assays are either less sensitive or laborious. Molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting specific gene targets of O. tsutsugamushi is warranted. Materials and Methods: We developed a real-time PCR assay targeting 47-KDa htrA gene for the specific diagnosis of the pathogen. The assay was evaluated in a buffy coat from whole blood or serum samples collected from patients presenting with acute febrile illness. Randomly selected samples were also tested for IgM by commercial IgM ELISA assay. Results: The real-time PCR assay was able to detect <1 genome copy per the PCR input and specific to O. tsutsugamushi on heterologous pathogens testing. The samples were negative by real-time PCR and 13 samples were positive by IgM ELISA. This study found a relatively low prevalence of scrub typhus in the population. Conclusion: The assay developed in this study could be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of O. tsutsugamushi in clinical samples. The study also indicated the need for a wide epidemiological survey that could help determine appropriate health measures including treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"66 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79363895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_101_19
K. Sarker, J. Sethi, Umasankar Mohanty
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy-high-velocity low-amplitude (SMT-HVLA) thrust, core stability exercise (CSE), and supervised exercise on pain intensity (PI), segmental instability, and quality of life among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 105 patients with CNSLBP (with duration of pain >3 months) distributed in three groups with 35 participants in each group, and an average age of the participants was 25.66 (standard deviation = 6.74) years. Participants received SMT-HVLA thrust (Group 1), CSE (Group 2), and supervised exercise (control group [CG]) with a common ergonomic advice (EA) for 2 weeks. The primary outcomes were PI measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and segmental instability (postural sway) through the center of foot pressure measured by Win-Track platform. The secondary outcome was the quality of life measured by the EuroQoL questionnaire. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. Two-way ANOVA followed by with post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests was carried out to examine treatment effects, and the relationship between the groups changes across outcome measures. Results: All participants completed the 2 weeks of intervention and the 4 weeks of follow-up. Group 1 had better outcomes than CG at 2 weeks (between-group difference in PI, P = 0.001; segmental instability, P = 0.001, and quality of life, P = 0.001) as compared to Group 2 and CG (between-group difference in PI, P = 0.03; segmental instability, P = 0.04; and quality of life, P = 0.05) as well as at 4 weeks (between-group difference in PI, P = 0.05; segmental instability, P = 0.03; and quality of life, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The SMT-HVLA thrust with EA providing pain reduction in patients with CNSLBP of high severity was associated with clinically better improvement in segmental instability (postural sway) and health-related quality of life. Thus, SMT may be an attractive option in such patients before proceeding for more invasive and costly treatments.
{"title":"Comparative clinical effects of spinal manipulation, core stability exercise, and supervised exercise on pain intensity, segmental instability, and health-related quality of life among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A randomized control trial","authors":"K. Sarker, J. Sethi, Umasankar Mohanty","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_101_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_101_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy-high-velocity low-amplitude (SMT-HVLA) thrust, core stability exercise (CSE), and supervised exercise on pain intensity (PI), segmental instability, and quality of life among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 105 patients with CNSLBP (with duration of pain >3 months) distributed in three groups with 35 participants in each group, and an average age of the participants was 25.66 (standard deviation = 6.74) years. Participants received SMT-HVLA thrust (Group 1), CSE (Group 2), and supervised exercise (control group [CG]) with a common ergonomic advice (EA) for 2 weeks. The primary outcomes were PI measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and segmental instability (postural sway) through the center of foot pressure measured by Win-Track platform. The secondary outcome was the quality of life measured by the EuroQoL questionnaire. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. Two-way ANOVA followed by with post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests was carried out to examine treatment effects, and the relationship between the groups changes across outcome measures. Results: All participants completed the 2 weeks of intervention and the 4 weeks of follow-up. Group 1 had better outcomes than CG at 2 weeks (between-group difference in PI, P = 0.001; segmental instability, P = 0.001, and quality of life, P = 0.001) as compared to Group 2 and CG (between-group difference in PI, P = 0.03; segmental instability, P = 0.04; and quality of life, P = 0.05) as well as at 4 weeks (between-group difference in PI, P = 0.05; segmental instability, P = 0.03; and quality of life, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The SMT-HVLA thrust with EA providing pain reduction in patients with CNSLBP of high severity was associated with clinically better improvement in segmental instability (postural sway) and health-related quality of life. Thus, SMT may be an attractive option in such patients before proceeding for more invasive and costly treatments.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":"27 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78716965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_177_19
V. Sengodan, Navaneethan Appusamy
Background: Population-specific anthropometric analysis of hip joints has vital clinical and surgical implications including adoption of optimal preventive measures and selection of effective prosthesis. Hence, in this study, we determined the anatomical variance between the right and left hip of the patients referred to our orthopedic unit. Materials and Methods: Five hundred patients with a normal hip joint attending the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit of Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore, India, were included in this study. Plain radiographs were taken to measure the neck-shaft angle (NSA), head diameter (HD), neck width (NW) of the right and left femur, and the values were compared with data reported in the literature for various other population. Results: The mean value of NSA (134.2°), HD (42.9 mm), and NW (28.2 mm) in the study population differed when compared with data reported in the literature for the Western and other Indian population. Significant changes were also observed between the right and left sides of the hip joint in the study population. Conclusion: This study concludes that significant differences exist between the right and left side of hip joint in the study population. Further the values observed in our study population were considerably different from the values reported in the literature for the Western population.
{"title":"Comparative anthropometry analysis of the digital X-rays of the right and left hip joints in an Indian population","authors":"V. Sengodan, Navaneethan Appusamy","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_177_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_177_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Population-specific anthropometric analysis of hip joints has vital clinical and surgical implications including adoption of optimal preventive measures and selection of effective prosthesis. Hence, in this study, we determined the anatomical variance between the right and left hip of the patients referred to our orthopedic unit. Materials and Methods: Five hundred patients with a normal hip joint attending the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit of Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore, India, were included in this study. Plain radiographs were taken to measure the neck-shaft angle (NSA), head diameter (HD), neck width (NW) of the right and left femur, and the values were compared with data reported in the literature for various other population. Results: The mean value of NSA (134.2°), HD (42.9 mm), and NW (28.2 mm) in the study population differed when compared with data reported in the literature for the Western and other Indian population. Significant changes were also observed between the right and left sides of the hip joint in the study population. Conclusion: This study concludes that significant differences exist between the right and left side of hip joint in the study population. Further the values observed in our study population were considerably different from the values reported in the literature for the Western population.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"3 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83535495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_150_19
N. Wani, W. Khanday, S. Tirumale
Background: Chaetomium cupreum is soil-isolated pigment-producing fungus used as biocontrol agent. Hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactive constituents and antibacterial potential of C. cupreum extracts on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Proteus vulgaris. Materials and Methods: The qualitative and quantitative screening of secondary metabolites was done by standard procedures. The antibacterial activity of different extracts of C. cupreum was determined by agar well diffusion method and broth microdilution methods. Results: Among the different extracts of C. cupreum, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. In the n-butanol extract, the most susceptible organism was found to be B. subtilis with zone of inhibition 18.5 ± 0.7 mm, followed by P. vulgaris 15.5 ± 0.7 mm, S. typhi 12.5 ± 3.5 mm, and S. aureus 12.0 ± 2.8 mm at 0.5 mg/ml, whereas in the ethyl acetate extract, the most susceptible organism was to found be P. vulgaris with zone of inhibition 17.5 ± 0.7 mm followed by B. subtilis 17.0 ± 1.4 mm, S. typhi 14.0 ± 0.7 mm, and S. aureus 13.5 ± 0.7 mm at 0.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that C. cupreum extracts contain compounds that possess antibacterial activity.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of different extracts of soil-isolated fungus chaetomium cupreum","authors":"N. Wani, W. Khanday, S. Tirumale","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_150_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_150_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chaetomium cupreum is soil-isolated pigment-producing fungus used as biocontrol agent. Hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactive constituents and antibacterial potential of C. cupreum extracts on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Proteus vulgaris. Materials and Methods: The qualitative and quantitative screening of secondary metabolites was done by standard procedures. The antibacterial activity of different extracts of C. cupreum was determined by agar well diffusion method and broth microdilution methods. Results: Among the different extracts of C. cupreum, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. In the n-butanol extract, the most susceptible organism was found to be B. subtilis with zone of inhibition 18.5 ± 0.7 mm, followed by P. vulgaris 15.5 ± 0.7 mm, S. typhi 12.5 ± 3.5 mm, and S. aureus 12.0 ± 2.8 mm at 0.5 mg/ml, whereas in the ethyl acetate extract, the most susceptible organism was to found be P. vulgaris with zone of inhibition 17.5 ± 0.7 mm followed by B. subtilis 17.0 ± 1.4 mm, S. typhi 14.0 ± 0.7 mm, and S. aureus 13.5 ± 0.7 mm at 0.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that C. cupreum extracts contain compounds that possess antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"72 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85737548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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