Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_139_19
M. Das, S. Maity, S. Choudhury, U. Faisal
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem worldwide and associated with multiple systemic involvements. Long-term hypoxia leads to impaired cognitive function and hand dexterity. With the background of few previous researches, we have aimed to assess cognitive function and hand dexterity in the patients with COPD as well as correlation between them and with oxygen saturation (SpO2). Materials and Methods: Data were collected and compared between 52 stable mild-to-moderate hypoxemic COPD patients defined by the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease Guidelines and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers attending the outpatient department of a government hospital Kolkata, using a validated questionnaire Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tool for the assessment of cognitive function and the Nine-Hole Peg Test for assessment of hand dexterity. Results: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) value of Hand Dexterity Test for the dominant hand for the test group was 22 (20–24) s, and for the control group, 19 (18–20) s (P < 0.001). The median MMSE scores (IQR) for test and control groups were 19.5 (18–22) and 28 (26–29), respectively (P < 0.001). There is a negative correlation between these two parameters (correlation coefficient Spearman's rho −0.747 with 95% confidence interval −0.824 to −0.649, P < 0.001). SpO2has negative correlation with hand dexterity (correlation coefficient Spearman's rho −0.772 with 95% confidence interval −0.840 to −0.676, P < 0.001) and a positive correlation with MMSE score (correlation coefficient Spearman's rho 0.899 with 95% confidence interval +0.846 to +0.934, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with COPD have reduced cognitive ability and hand dexterity. Hypoxia shows a negative correlation with hand dexterity and a positive correlation with cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Assessment of cognitive function and hand dexterity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Das, S. Maity, S. Choudhury, U. Faisal","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_139_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_139_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem worldwide and associated with multiple systemic involvements. Long-term hypoxia leads to impaired cognitive function and hand dexterity. With the background of few previous researches, we have aimed to assess cognitive function and hand dexterity in the patients with COPD as well as correlation between them and with oxygen saturation (SpO2). Materials and Methods: Data were collected and compared between 52 stable mild-to-moderate hypoxemic COPD patients defined by the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease Guidelines and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers attending the outpatient department of a government hospital Kolkata, using a validated questionnaire Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tool for the assessment of cognitive function and the Nine-Hole Peg Test for assessment of hand dexterity. Results: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) value of Hand Dexterity Test for the dominant hand for the test group was 22 (20–24) s, and for the control group, 19 (18–20) s (P < 0.001). The median MMSE scores (IQR) for test and control groups were 19.5 (18–22) and 28 (26–29), respectively (P < 0.001). There is a negative correlation between these two parameters (correlation coefficient Spearman's rho −0.747 with 95% confidence interval −0.824 to −0.649, P < 0.001). SpO2has negative correlation with hand dexterity (correlation coefficient Spearman's rho −0.772 with 95% confidence interval −0.840 to −0.676, P < 0.001) and a positive correlation with MMSE score (correlation coefficient Spearman's rho 0.899 with 95% confidence interval +0.846 to +0.934, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with COPD have reduced cognitive ability and hand dexterity. Hypoxia shows a negative correlation with hand dexterity and a positive correlation with cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"35 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74652237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_167_19
K. Raju, V. Rajanna
Background: The cytological grading system in fine-needle aspiration of breast lumps helps the surgeons to decide the method of management and assess the survival rate. However, till date, no single cytological grading system for breast aspirates has been adapted in routine practice. Hence, a comparative study of three different grading systems was done. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2016 to June 2018. The stained aspirated smears of breast lump were assessed for cytomorphologic features and graded as per the Modified Masood's Scoring Index (MMSI), National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cytological Grading System, and Robinson's cytological grading and compared with histological diagnosis (four categories) and modified Scarff–Bloom–Richardson's scoring system (carcinoma cases). Results: The MMSI system had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of 80%, 100%, 100%, 92.86%, and 94.44%, respectively. The NCI system had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of 60%, 97.44%, 90.0%, 86.36%, and 87.04%, respectively. The Robinson's cytological grading system had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of 100%, 84.62%, 71.43%, 100%, and 88.89%, respectively. Conclusion: Robinson's scoring system is the system with maximum sensitivity and is most effective in subcategorizing only malignant breast lesions. MMSI is the system with maximum specificity, PPV, and diagnostic accuracy, and can be considered as the standard grading system for both benign and malignant breast lesions on cytology.
{"title":"A comparative study of three scoring systems on palpable breast aspirates at a tertiary health-care center: A cross-sectional study","authors":"K. Raju, V. Rajanna","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_167_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_167_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The cytological grading system in fine-needle aspiration of breast lumps helps the surgeons to decide the method of management and assess the survival rate. However, till date, no single cytological grading system for breast aspirates has been adapted in routine practice. Hence, a comparative study of three different grading systems was done. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2016 to June 2018. The stained aspirated smears of breast lump were assessed for cytomorphologic features and graded as per the Modified Masood's Scoring Index (MMSI), National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cytological Grading System, and Robinson's cytological grading and compared with histological diagnosis (four categories) and modified Scarff–Bloom–Richardson's scoring system (carcinoma cases). Results: The MMSI system had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of 80%, 100%, 100%, 92.86%, and 94.44%, respectively. The NCI system had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of 60%, 97.44%, 90.0%, 86.36%, and 87.04%, respectively. The Robinson's cytological grading system had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of 100%, 84.62%, 71.43%, 100%, and 88.89%, respectively. Conclusion: Robinson's scoring system is the system with maximum sensitivity and is most effective in subcategorizing only malignant breast lesions. MMSI is the system with maximum specificity, PPV, and diagnostic accuracy, and can be considered as the standard grading system for both benign and malignant breast lesions on cytology.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"21 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85413867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_171_19
Pakhawadee Palungwachira, S. Tancharoen, Pornpen Dararat, T. Nararatwanchai
Background: Oxidative stress, cellular toxicity, and inflammation lead to skin damage, which results in premature skin aging. Recently, anthocyanins (ANT) have received much attention as dietary anti-oxidants involved in the prevention of oxidative damage. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the effects of ANT extracted from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) on the survival of rat dermal fibroblasts (RDFs) after oxidative stress-induced cellular damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. We further investigated the apoptosis-inducing effects of ANT using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Annexin V staining. The effect of ANT extract on autophagy was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3-II) and ffluorescence microscopy of the LC3-II protein. Results: The high-performance liquid chromatography results indicated the presence of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in both extracts. The study demonstrated that the addition of crude or purified ANT extract before H2O2 treatment increased RDF cell viability. Pretreatment with ANT decreased the number of cells exhibiting dense chromatin fragments and DNA condensation, which are characteristics of apoptotic cell death. ANT decreased the number of late apoptotic/necrotic (Annexin + and propidium iodide (PI) +) cells and early apoptotic (Annexin V + and PI-) cells. Furthermore, ANT inhibited the H2O2-mediated induction of LC3-II gene expression in RDFs. Conclusion: The contribution of autophagy induction to the protective effects of ANT was verified by the observed decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of LC3-II. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of polyphenolic compounds extracted from O. sativa L. in oxidative damage-induced skin aging.
背景:氧化应激、细胞毒性和炎症导致皮肤损伤，从而导致皮肤过早老化。近年来，花青素作为一种具有抗氧化作用的膳食抗氧化剂受到了广泛的关注。材料与方法:采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑实验，研究了黑米中提取的ANT对氧化应激诱导的过氧化氢损伤大鼠真皮成纤维细胞(RDFs)存活的影响。我们采用4′，6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚和Annexin V染色进一步研究了ANT诱导细胞凋亡的作用。通过自噬相关微管相关蛋白1B轻链3 (LC3-II)的逆转录聚合酶链反应和LC3-II蛋白的荧光显微镜观察证实了ANT提取物对自噬的影响。结果:高效液相色谱分析结果表明，两种提取物均含有花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷。研究表明，在H2O2处理前添加粗的或纯化的ANT提取物可以提高RDF细胞的活力。用ANT预处理可减少出现密集染色质片段和DNA凝聚的细胞数量，这是凋亡细胞死亡的特征。ANT降低了晚期凋亡/坏死细胞(膜联蛋白+和碘化丙啶(PI) +)和早期凋亡细胞(膜联蛋白V +和PI-)的数量。此外，ANT抑制h2o2介导的RDFs中LC3-II基因的表达。结论:观察到LC3-II mRNA和蛋白表达的降低，证实了自噬诱导对ANT保护作用的贡献。这些结果表明，从苜蓿中提取的多酚类化合物在氧化损伤诱导的皮肤衰老中具有治疗潜力。
{"title":"Anthocyanins isolated from Oryza Sativa L. protect dermal fibroblasts from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death","authors":"Pakhawadee Palungwachira, S. Tancharoen, Pornpen Dararat, T. Nararatwanchai","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_171_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_171_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative stress, cellular toxicity, and inflammation lead to skin damage, which results in premature skin aging. Recently, anthocyanins (ANT) have received much attention as dietary anti-oxidants involved in the prevention of oxidative damage. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the effects of ANT extracted from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) on the survival of rat dermal fibroblasts (RDFs) after oxidative stress-induced cellular damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. We further investigated the apoptosis-inducing effects of ANT using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Annexin V staining. The effect of ANT extract on autophagy was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3-II) and ffluorescence microscopy of the LC3-II protein. Results: The high-performance liquid chromatography results indicated the presence of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in both extracts. The study demonstrated that the addition of crude or purified ANT extract before H2O2 treatment increased RDF cell viability. Pretreatment with ANT decreased the number of cells exhibiting dense chromatin fragments and DNA condensation, which are characteristics of apoptotic cell death. ANT decreased the number of late apoptotic/necrotic (Annexin + and propidium iodide (PI) +) cells and early apoptotic (Annexin V + and PI-) cells. Furthermore, ANT inhibited the H2O2-mediated induction of LC3-II gene expression in RDFs. Conclusion: The contribution of autophagy induction to the protective effects of ANT was verified by the observed decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of LC3-II. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of polyphenolic compounds extracted from O. sativa L. in oxidative damage-induced skin aging.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"45 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73281995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_159_19
V. Patil, Aniket Avhad, A. Kulkarni, Kaustubh Pandere
Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relation of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with the presence and severity of CAD. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study done on patients with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiogram (CAG). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this study satisfying the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were patients with the diagnosis of ACS undergoing CAG. All enrolled patients underwent hs-CRP, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, fasting lipid profile, blood sugar level, resting 12-lead electrocardiogram, creatine kinase–myocardial band, troponin -I, and CAG. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed for mean, percentage, standard deviation and Chi-square test for quantitative data using SPSS software version 21 (trial version), and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 63% of male and 37% of female patients underwent CAG. The mean level of hs-CRP was 2.73 (±0.73) mg/L. The level of hs-CRP, severity of coronary artery involvement, and CAD risk factors was significantly more with an hs-CRP level of 1–3 mg/L followed by >3 mg/L. The significant number of patients with double-vessel disease (DVD) and triple-vessel disease (TVD) had an hs-CRP level between 1 and 3 mg/L compared to single-vessel disease (SVD) with P < 0.03. About 67.57% of females and 44.44% of males had an hs-CRP level of 1–3 mg/L, respectively (P < 0.02). A total of 53% of population had an hs-CRP level between 1 and 3 mg/L, 23% had <1 mg/L, and 24% had >3 mg/L (P < 0.02). The hs-CRP was positively correlated with severity of CAD by angiogram (+0.21). Conclusions: A significant number of patients had an hs-CRP level of 1–3 mg/L. The severity of CAD was positively correlated with a level of hs-CRP in incremental fashion. Patients with DVD and TVD had a high hs-CRP level compared to SVD. The hs-CRP can be considered as novel CAD risk factors to be screened in the patients with CAD where it cannot be forecasted by traditional risk factors.
{"title":"High-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery disease","authors":"V. Patil, Aniket Avhad, A. Kulkarni, Kaustubh Pandere","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_159_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_159_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relation of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with the presence and severity of CAD. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study done on patients with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiogram (CAG). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this study satisfying the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were patients with the diagnosis of ACS undergoing CAG. All enrolled patients underwent hs-CRP, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, fasting lipid profile, blood sugar level, resting 12-lead electrocardiogram, creatine kinase–myocardial band, troponin -I, and CAG. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed for mean, percentage, standard deviation and Chi-square test for quantitative data using SPSS software version 21 (trial version), and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 63% of male and 37% of female patients underwent CAG. The mean level of hs-CRP was 2.73 (±0.73) mg/L. The level of hs-CRP, severity of coronary artery involvement, and CAD risk factors was significantly more with an hs-CRP level of 1–3 mg/L followed by >3 mg/L. The significant number of patients with double-vessel disease (DVD) and triple-vessel disease (TVD) had an hs-CRP level between 1 and 3 mg/L compared to single-vessel disease (SVD) with P < 0.03. About 67.57% of females and 44.44% of males had an hs-CRP level of 1–3 mg/L, respectively (P < 0.02). A total of 53% of population had an hs-CRP level between 1 and 3 mg/L, 23% had <1 mg/L, and 24% had >3 mg/L (P < 0.02). The hs-CRP was positively correlated with severity of CAD by angiogram (+0.21). Conclusions: A significant number of patients had an hs-CRP level of 1–3 mg/L. The severity of CAD was positively correlated with a level of hs-CRP in incremental fashion. Patients with DVD and TVD had a high hs-CRP level compared to SVD. The hs-CRP can be considered as novel CAD risk factors to be screened in the patients with CAD where it cannot be forecasted by traditional risk factors.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81884654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.280267
Arun Kumar
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a common manifestation of CAD. Despite the contributions of CAD to cardiovascular complications being well known, the causative factors triggering the development of CAD are continued to be explored. A complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors are suggested to be responsible for the development of CAD. The early phase of CAD is believed to be initiated by endothelial cell dysfunction, which consequently leads to reduced smooth muscle cell tone, eventually resulting in compromised vascular anatomy triggering vascular remodeling. Collaterally, the vascular remodeling is also associated with the influx of lipoproteins and inflammatory cells leading to the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques. The development of atherosclerotic plaques is also observed in the arteries as a consequence to natural aging process. Besides aging, unhealthy diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are well known to hasten the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques is not a problem; however, the uncertainty of how and when the atherosclerotic plaques can compromise the arterial function is a clinically challenging question, which has remained unanswered. The uncertainty in understanding the behavior of atherosclerotic plaques is due to several reasons. (1) We do not know how exactly the atherosclerotic plaques begin to develop. (2) Despite several known histological features of unstable atherosclerotic plaques, we are not certain on the features of the atherosclerotic plaques in vivo which predispose them to rupture. (3) Atherosclerotic plaque burden can be in a single blood vessel or multiple blood vessels and we do not know if atherosclerotic plaques have a communication network between them which can trigger or influence some plaques to become more prone to rupture.
{"title":"Potential biomarkers to detect inflammation leading to coronary artery disease","authors":"Arun Kumar","doi":"10.4103/0976-9668.280267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.280267","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a common manifestation of CAD. Despite the contributions of CAD to cardiovascular complications being well known, the causative factors triggering the development of CAD are continued to be explored. A complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors are suggested to be responsible for the development of CAD. The early phase of CAD is believed to be initiated by endothelial cell dysfunction, which consequently leads to reduced smooth muscle cell tone, eventually resulting in compromised vascular anatomy triggering vascular remodeling. Collaterally, the vascular remodeling is also associated with the influx of lipoproteins and inflammatory cells leading to the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques. The development of atherosclerotic plaques is also observed in the arteries as a consequence to natural aging process. Besides aging, unhealthy diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are well known to hasten the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques is not a problem; however, the uncertainty of how and when the atherosclerotic plaques can compromise the arterial function is a clinically challenging question, which has remained unanswered. The uncertainty in understanding the behavior of atherosclerotic plaques is due to several reasons. (1) We do not know how exactly the atherosclerotic plaques begin to develop. (2) Despite several known histological features of unstable atherosclerotic plaques, we are not certain on the features of the atherosclerotic plaques in vivo which predispose them to rupture. (3) Atherosclerotic plaque burden can be in a single blood vessel or multiple blood vessels and we do not know if atherosclerotic plaques have a communication network between them which can trigger or influence some plaques to become more prone to rupture.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"121 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89387513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_188_19
F. Othman, Yassin Ismaiel, Saad Alkhathran, A. Alshamrani, Meshal A. Alghamdi, T. Ismaeil
Context: Data for examining the duration and risk factors associated with the length of hospital stay with mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are scarce. Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the hospital stay duration with MV in such patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh between 2016 and 2018. Subjects and Methods: Adult patients with ARDS or COPD admitted to the ICU and receiving MV were included in the study. Their medical records were reviewed for information regarding the length of hospital stay, demographic profile, and comorbidity. Results: In total, 136 and 95 patients with ARDS and COPD, respectively, were admitted and received MV. The mean (standard deviation) age of patients with ARDS and COPD was 53 (19) and 68 (12) years, respectively. The patients with COPD had a higher obesity rate (61% in the obese category), higher mean Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (23.5 vs. 22.7), and preexisting chronic respiratory disease than those with ARDS. The median (interquartile range) MV duration in patients with ARDS was 7 (2–13) days, which was higher than that in patients with COPD (4 [1–9] days). Conclusions: Age, APACHE II score, and preexisting comorbidity contributed to the increase in the length of hospital stay with MV among patients with ARDS. Clinicians must consider such factors before using MV to improve patient outcomes.
{"title":"The duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome admitted to the intensive care unit: Epidemiological findings from a tertiary hospital","authors":"F. Othman, Yassin Ismaiel, Saad Alkhathran, A. Alshamrani, Meshal A. Alghamdi, T. Ismaeil","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_188_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_188_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Data for examining the duration and risk factors associated with the length of hospital stay with mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are scarce. Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the hospital stay duration with MV in such patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh between 2016 and 2018. Subjects and Methods: Adult patients with ARDS or COPD admitted to the ICU and receiving MV were included in the study. Their medical records were reviewed for information regarding the length of hospital stay, demographic profile, and comorbidity. Results: In total, 136 and 95 patients with ARDS and COPD, respectively, were admitted and received MV. The mean (standard deviation) age of patients with ARDS and COPD was 53 (19) and 68 (12) years, respectively. The patients with COPD had a higher obesity rate (61% in the obese category), higher mean Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (23.5 vs. 22.7), and preexisting chronic respiratory disease than those with ARDS. The median (interquartile range) MV duration in patients with ARDS was 7 (2–13) days, which was higher than that in patients with COPD (4 [1–9] days). Conclusions: Age, APACHE II score, and preexisting comorbidity contributed to the increase in the length of hospital stay with MV among patients with ARDS. Clinicians must consider such factors before using MV to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"61 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80883005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_125_19
D. Ramesh, D. Nair, Pragati K. Kempwade, R. Thriveni, Amit R Byatnal, Iram Rukhsar
Background: Myofascial pain is the one which originates from myofascial trigger points in skeletal muscle. The specific treatment should be aimed at finding the etiology and removing the root of cause, and when specific etiology is difficult to be determined, an oral physician should rely on treatment, which is less invasive and reversible, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and therapeutic US for pain and muscle dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound and TENS in the management of myofascial pain. Settings and Design: This study was a prospective and comparative study with randomized collection and division of samples with myofascial pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with myofascial pain in the masseter and temporalis muscle were assigned into two different groups with 15 patients in each. Group 1 received TENS therapy and Group 2 received Th US. Both the groups were evaluated using the visual analog scale scale for pain. Statistical Analysis: The analysis was done using the Student's t-test (paired t-test and unpaired t-test) for intragroup and intergroup comparison. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the mean pain score after treatment in Th US (2.07) as compared to TENS (3.20). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before treatment (P = 0.692); however, immediately after treatment, the difference was found to be significant (P = 0.003), and also significant in the 1 week follow up visit after treatment (P = 0.000). Intragroup comparison of pain index before and after treatment showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.000) within TENS and Th US group with the exception of comparison between posttreatment and the follow-up scores in Th US group (P = 0.301). Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of Th US when compared to TENS appeared to be better procedure for myofascial pain management.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effect of therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in temporalis and masseter myofascial pain","authors":"D. Ramesh, D. Nair, Pragati K. Kempwade, R. Thriveni, Amit R Byatnal, Iram Rukhsar","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_125_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_125_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Myofascial pain is the one which originates from myofascial trigger points in skeletal muscle. The specific treatment should be aimed at finding the etiology and removing the root of cause, and when specific etiology is difficult to be determined, an oral physician should rely on treatment, which is less invasive and reversible, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and therapeutic US for pain and muscle dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound and TENS in the management of myofascial pain. Settings and Design: This study was a prospective and comparative study with randomized collection and division of samples with myofascial pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with myofascial pain in the masseter and temporalis muscle were assigned into two different groups with 15 patients in each. Group 1 received TENS therapy and Group 2 received Th US. Both the groups were evaluated using the visual analog scale scale for pain. Statistical Analysis: The analysis was done using the Student's t-test (paired t-test and unpaired t-test) for intragroup and intergroup comparison. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the mean pain score after treatment in Th US (2.07) as compared to TENS (3.20). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before treatment (P = 0.692); however, immediately after treatment, the difference was found to be significant (P = 0.003), and also significant in the 1 week follow up visit after treatment (P = 0.000). Intragroup comparison of pain index before and after treatment showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.000) within TENS and Th US group with the exception of comparison between posttreatment and the follow-up scores in Th US group (P = 0.301). Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of Th US when compared to TENS appeared to be better procedure for myofascial pain management.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"209 1","pages":"7 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76202777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_224_18
R. Thriveni, Iram Rukhsar, D. Ramesh, S. Patil, Amit R Byatnal, D. Nair
Background: Pain is the most common complaint of the patient that brings him/her to the dentist, pain often occurring in conjunction with inflammation and which considerably reduces the quality of patient's life. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for the dental pain management. The gastrointestinal complications associated with NSAIDs can be effectively overcome if they are delivered by transmucosal route in the form of buccal patch. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mucoadhesive lornoxicam patches in odontogenic pain management. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 60 adult patients of either sex, diagnosed with odontogenic pain, and were attending the outpatient department. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. A 1 cm × 1 cm mucoadhesive patch containing 4 mg of lornoxicam was applied on the attached gingival region of the tooth with pain. Pain was recorded using a ten-point visual analog scale score before and every 5 min till 30 min after the application of the patch. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure ANOVA with P < 0.05. Results: The results of the study revealed a statistically significant drop in the pain scores from baseline to the score recorded after 30 min (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study conclusively suggested the suitability, safety, and efficacy of the transmucosal delivery of lornoxicam in the form of mucoadhesive patch for the management of odontogenic pain.
背景:疼痛是患者去看牙医时最常见的主诉，疼痛通常与炎症同时发生，这大大降低了患者的生活质量。非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)通常用于治疗牙痛。非甾体抗炎药以口腔贴的方式经粘膜给药，可有效克服胃肠道并发症。目的:评价氯诺昔康粘贴治疗牙源性疼痛的疗效。材料与方法:本研究在60名诊断为牙源性疼痛并在门诊就诊的男女成年患者中进行。获得了所有患者的知情同意。将1 cm × 1 cm含氯诺昔康4 mg的黏贴贴于疼痛牙的附着龈区。应用贴片前和贴片后每5分钟至30分钟用10分视觉模拟评分法记录疼痛。统计学分析采用重复测量方差分析，P < 0.05。结果:研究结果显示，疼痛评分从基线到30min评分有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:本研究结果表明氯诺昔康以黏贴方式经黏膜给药治疗牙源性疼痛的适宜性、安全性和有效性。
{"title":"Development and clinical evaluation of transmucosal mucoadhesive patch of lornoxicam for the odontogenic pain management: A preliminary study","authors":"R. Thriveni, Iram Rukhsar, D. Ramesh, S. Patil, Amit R Byatnal, D. Nair","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_224_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_224_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain is the most common complaint of the patient that brings him/her to the dentist, pain often occurring in conjunction with inflammation and which considerably reduces the quality of patient's life. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for the dental pain management. The gastrointestinal complications associated with NSAIDs can be effectively overcome if they are delivered by transmucosal route in the form of buccal patch. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mucoadhesive lornoxicam patches in odontogenic pain management. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 60 adult patients of either sex, diagnosed with odontogenic pain, and were attending the outpatient department. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. A 1 cm × 1 cm mucoadhesive patch containing 4 mg of lornoxicam was applied on the attached gingival region of the tooth with pain. Pain was recorded using a ten-point visual analog scale score before and every 5 min till 30 min after the application of the patch. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure ANOVA with P < 0.05. Results: The results of the study revealed a statistically significant drop in the pain scores from baseline to the score recorded after 30 min (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study conclusively suggested the suitability, safety, and efficacy of the transmucosal delivery of lornoxicam in the form of mucoadhesive patch for the management of odontogenic pain.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"12 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90901079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_109_19
Tri Juli Edi Tarigan, E. Purwaningsih, Yusra, M. Abdullah, Nafrialdi, J. Prihartono, M. Saraswati, A. Azmi, I. Subekti
Objective: Health problems among taxi drivers can affect their performance and increase the risk of accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dysglycemia and metabolic risk factors affecting taxi drivers in Jakarta to provide baseline information for programs to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this specific population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 106 male taxi drivers from 1006 total taxi drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia. All drivers underwent a general medical interview, physical examination, and oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The prevalence of dysglycemia in the taxi driver population was 54.7% (29.2% prediabetes and 25.5% diabetes). Central obesity was identified in 74.1% of dysglycemic individuals (P = 0.032). In the final multivariate analysis, waist circumference was the dominant factor that predicted dysglycemia (odds ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 1.01–5.26; P = 0.048). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of dysglycemia in taxi drivers in Jakarta compared with the prevalence of dysglycemia in Indonesia (29.9% prediabetes and 6.9% diabetes), of which waist circumference is the strongest predictor. Programs must be implemented to prevent T2DM in this population.
{"title":"Estimating the incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes among taxi drivers in Indonesia","authors":"Tri Juli Edi Tarigan, E. Purwaningsih, Yusra, M. Abdullah, Nafrialdi, J. Prihartono, M. Saraswati, A. Azmi, I. Subekti","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_109_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_109_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Health problems among taxi drivers can affect their performance and increase the risk of accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dysglycemia and metabolic risk factors affecting taxi drivers in Jakarta to provide baseline information for programs to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this specific population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 106 male taxi drivers from 1006 total taxi drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia. All drivers underwent a general medical interview, physical examination, and oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The prevalence of dysglycemia in the taxi driver population was 54.7% (29.2% prediabetes and 25.5% diabetes). Central obesity was identified in 74.1% of dysglycemic individuals (P = 0.032). In the final multivariate analysis, waist circumference was the dominant factor that predicted dysglycemia (odds ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 1.01–5.26; P = 0.048). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of dysglycemia in taxi drivers in Jakarta compared with the prevalence of dysglycemia in Indonesia (29.9% prediabetes and 6.9% diabetes), of which waist circumference is the strongest predictor. Programs must be implemented to prevent T2DM in this population.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"223 1","pages":"150 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89160420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_53_19
L. Nuranna, P. Antonius, A. Laily, F. Kusuma, K. Nuryanto
Objective: This study was designed to define the differences between Stage IIIB cervical cancer patients with and without renal impairment (RI), particularly with regard to the pathology results, laboratory values, therapies, and prognoses, in order to justify the need for separate classifications for these two different patient types. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort technique was used to evaluate consecutive Stage IIIB cervical cancer patients from July 2010 to July 2015. The data collected included the age, parity, cancer cell type, pelvic wall involvement, hydronephrosis degree and bilateral involvement, laboratory values (urea, potassium, and creatinine), treatment modalities, 3-month postradiation treatment response, hospital stay duration, and 1-year survival rate. Results: The study patients included 102 Stage IIIB cervical cancer patients with RI and 204 individuals without RI. The results showed significant differences between individuals with and without bilateral pelvic wall involvement (100% vs. 68.1%, respectively), hydronephrosis degree (severe hydronephrosis incidences: 69% vs. 3.9%, respectively), bilateral hydronephrosis (96.5% vs. 6.9%, respectively), median urea level (148 vs. 22 mg/dl, respectively), median creatinine level (8.0 vs. 0.8 mg/dl, respectively), and median potassium level (5.8 vs. 3.9 mEq/L, respectively). The hazard ratio was 3.07 for the survival analysis. Conclusion: Cervical cancer patients with RI are faced with worst prognosis, and their treatment modalities are limited due to their renal comorbidities, resulting in lesser type of therapy modalities (such as chemotherapy procedure prohibition), longer hospital stays, and a lower survival rate. Therefore, a new classification for cervical cancer patients with kidney impairment, named Stage IIIB-plus, should be considered.
{"title":"IIIB-plus: A new classification recommended for stage IIIB cervical cancer patients with renal impairment","authors":"L. Nuranna, P. Antonius, A. Laily, F. Kusuma, K. Nuryanto","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_53_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_53_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was designed to define the differences between Stage IIIB cervical cancer patients with and without renal impairment (RI), particularly with regard to the pathology results, laboratory values, therapies, and prognoses, in order to justify the need for separate classifications for these two different patient types. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort technique was used to evaluate consecutive Stage IIIB cervical cancer patients from July 2010 to July 2015. The data collected included the age, parity, cancer cell type, pelvic wall involvement, hydronephrosis degree and bilateral involvement, laboratory values (urea, potassium, and creatinine), treatment modalities, 3-month postradiation treatment response, hospital stay duration, and 1-year survival rate. Results: The study patients included 102 Stage IIIB cervical cancer patients with RI and 204 individuals without RI. The results showed significant differences between individuals with and without bilateral pelvic wall involvement (100% vs. 68.1%, respectively), hydronephrosis degree (severe hydronephrosis incidences: 69% vs. 3.9%, respectively), bilateral hydronephrosis (96.5% vs. 6.9%, respectively), median urea level (148 vs. 22 mg/dl, respectively), median creatinine level (8.0 vs. 0.8 mg/dl, respectively), and median potassium level (5.8 vs. 3.9 mEq/L, respectively). The hazard ratio was 3.07 for the survival analysis. Conclusion: Cervical cancer patients with RI are faced with worst prognosis, and their treatment modalities are limited due to their renal comorbidities, resulting in lesser type of therapy modalities (such as chemotherapy procedure prohibition), longer hospital stays, and a lower survival rate. Therefore, a new classification for cervical cancer patients with kidney impairment, named Stage IIIB-plus, should be considered.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"392 1","pages":"113 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78071377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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