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Looking for the Integrome, When Metabolomics Talk about the Interactome 寻找整合组,当代谢组学谈论相互作用组
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000E134
B. Juan
Secondary metabolites are not produced in isolation; they are the result of the interaction of genes, metabolism and the environment. These interaction networks that are part of the biological systems are the most reliable expression of the functioning of living beings and is a great tool to obtain information that leads to promising applications in the diagnosis of diseases, drug development, as well as the conservation and restoration of ecosystems. In this way the multi-omics approach which constitutes the confluence of various high-throughput technologies that seeks to integrate all platforms in a multivariate model that provide comprehensive profiles of the same phenomenon, it confers the ability to be the link between different aspects of cellular populations relevant in biotechnology and ecosystems research. In this order of ideas, the aim of this editorial is to give an unifying canon under the concept of integrome, like that search result of the fusion of several omics disciplines that seek to solve problems by applying the discoveries.
次生代谢物不是孤立产生的;它们是基因、新陈代谢和环境相互作用的结果。这些相互作用网络是生物系统的一部分,是生物功能最可靠的表达,也是获取信息的重要工具,这些信息在疾病诊断、药物开发以及生态系统的保护和恢复方面具有前景。通过这种方式,多组学方法构成了各种高通量技术的汇合,旨在将所有平台整合到一个多元模型中,提供相同现象的全面概况,它赋予了在生物技术和生态系统研究中相关细胞种群的不同方面之间建立联系的能力。按照这个顺序,这篇社论的目的是在整合的概念下给出一个统一的标准,就像几个组学学科融合的搜索结果一样,寻求通过应用这些发现来解决问题。
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引用次数: 2
Nutritional Values of Moringa oleifera , Total Protein, Amino Acid, Vitamins, Minerals, Carbohydrates, Total Fat and Crude Fiber, under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Sudan 苏丹半干旱条件下辣木的营养价值、总蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、碳水化合物、总脂肪和粗纤维
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000396
R. Abbas, F. S. Elsharbasy, Abdalfatah Abdalla Fadlelmula
Moringa oleifera plant is used in the semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas as food and medicinal compounds. The leave extract of Moringa), was studied by evaluating total protein, amino acid, vitamins, minerals, total fat and crude fiber under the semi-arid conditions of Sudan. HPLC and amino acid analyzer, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Soxlet extractor, Kjeldahl methods were used in this study. It was found that, carbohydrates 9.1 g, dietary fiber 2.1 g, fat 1.7 g, protein 8.1 g also rich in vitamins such as vitamin A 80 μg, thiamine (B1) 0.103 mg, Riboflavin (B2) 0.112 mg, Niacin (B3) 1.5 pantothenic acids (B5) 0.48 mg. vitamin B6 0.129 mg folic acid (B9) 41 μg Vitamin C 8.6 mg also rich in minerals such as Calcium 99.1 mg, Iron 1.3 mg, Magnesium 35.1 mg Mangenase 0.119 mg, Phosphorus 70.8 mg, Potassium 471 mg, Sodium 70 mg, Zinc 0.85 mg Also rich in essentials amino acids (ug/ml) Threonine 36.77, Valine 22.1, Methionine 2.13, Leucine 20.50, Isoleucine 31.8, Phenylalanine36.8, Histidine 30.88, Lycine 27.67, Argnine 21.45.
辣木在半干旱、热带和亚热带地区被用作食品和药用化合物。通过测定苏丹半干旱条件下辣木叶提取物的总蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、总脂肪和粗纤维含量,对其进行了研究。采用高效液相色谱法、氨基酸分析仪、原子吸收分光光度法、索氏提取法、凯氏定氮法等。结果发现,碳水化合物9.1 g,膳食纤维2.1 g,脂肪1.7 g,蛋白质8.1 g,还富含维生素A 80 μg,硫胺素(B1) 0.103 mg,核黄素(B2) 0.112 mg,烟酸(B3) 1.5泛酸(B5) 0.48 mg。维生素B6 0.129 mg叶酸(B9) 41 μg维生素C 8.6 mg还富含钙99.1 mg、铁1.3 mg、镁35.1 mg锰酶0.119 mg、磷70.8 mg、钾471 mg、钠70 mg、锌0.85 mg等矿物质还富含必需氨基酸(ug/ml)苏氨酸36.77、缬氨酸22.1、蛋氨酸2.13、亮氨酸20.50、异亮氨酸31.8、苯丙氨酸36.8、组氨酸30.88、赖氨酸27.67、精氨酸21.45。
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引用次数: 44
Study of Correlation between Milk Yield and Intestinal Microbes in Chinese Holstein Cows under the Same Diet 相同日粮条件下中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与肠道微生物的相关性研究
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000403
W. Xiuying, W. Hongyu, Y. Zhenya, W. Guozhen, X. Xia
The purpose of this study is to characterize and compare the gut microbes in six Chinese Holstein cows (CHC1, CHC2, CHC3, CHC4, CHC5, CHC6) under the same diet but different milk yields. High-throughput sequencing analysis was used to reveal and compare bacterial communities in faeces. The results showed 13 phyla in the six samples and the most dominant phylum was Firmicutes (approximately accounts for 71% OTUs), in which 18% OTUs were affiliated with Ruminococcaceae. Bacteroidetes was the subdominant phylum, which contributed to 17.5% of the total OTUs. While the majority of the bacterial genera found were unclassified, Solibacillus and Acinetbacter were the first and second predominant genera. Among the cases, the diversity and abundance of gut microbes in the Chinese Holstein cows have no significant difference under the same diet, which suggests that the relationship between milk yield and gut microbes is stable. The factors related to milk yield were calculated with spearman's rank (p<0.05), the results showed that milk yield is significantly associated with age (P=0.029) and body length (P=0.021) of Chinese Holstein cows. By LEfSe analysis (LDA threshold of 2), screening out microorganisms with significant differences in the gut of different milking Chinese Holstein cows. For the reluts, Lachnospiraceae, Mollicutes, Tenericutes Mollicutes, Tenericutes apparently enriched in HMY, but only Fibrobacteraceae apparently enriched in LMY. This indicates microbes play an important role in the milk production of dairy Chinese Holstein cows.
本研究旨在对6头中国荷斯坦奶牛(CHC1、CHC2、CHC3、CHC4、CHC5、CHC6)在相同日粮不同产奶量条件下的肠道微生物特征进行表征和比较。高通量测序分析用于揭示和比较粪便中的细菌群落。结果表明,6个样品中有13个门,其中最占优势的门是厚壁菌门(约占otu的71%),其中18%的otu隶属于Ruminococcaceae。拟杆菌门为亚优势门,占总otu的17.5%。虽然发现的大多数细菌属未分类,但Solibacillus和Acinetbacter是第一和第二优势属。其中,在相同日粮条件下,中国荷斯坦奶牛肠道微生物的多样性和丰度无显著差异,表明产奶量与肠道微生物的关系是稳定的。采用spearman秩法计算产奶量的影响因素(p<0.05),结果表明,产奶量与中国荷斯坦奶牛的年龄(p =0.029)和体长(p =0.021)显著相关。通过LEfSe分析(LDA阈值为2),筛选出不同泌乳中国荷斯坦奶牛肠道中存在显著差异的微生物。结果显示,毛菌科、毛菌门、毛菌门、毛菌门、毛菌门明显富集HMY,而纤维杆菌科明显富集LMY。这表明微生物在中国荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量中起着重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
BETA – Endorphins – A Novel Natural Holistic Healer β -内啡肽-一种新颖的天然整体治疗剂
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000391
Shrihari Tg
Endorphins are endogenous morphine synthesized and stored in the anterior pituitary gland in response to pain and stress. There are three types of endorphins such as β-endorphins, dynorphins and enkephalins, has receptors on brain, nervous system and immune cells. Beta-endorphins are abundant endorphins involved in immune-stimulatory activity, stress buster, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity used for therapeutic, promotive, palliative, preventive, holistic approach of treating diseases such as infectious diseases, cancer, auto-immune diseases. This article briefs about the role of Beta-endorphins and it’s mechanism of actions on various diseases.
内啡肽是内源性吗啡合成和储存在脑垂体前叶,以应对疼痛和压力。内啡肽有三种类型,即β-内啡肽、动啡肽和脑啡肽,它们在大脑、神经系统和免疫细胞上都有受体。-内啡肽是一种丰富的内啡肽,参与免疫刺激活动,压力消除,抗炎和镇痛活动,用于治疗,促进,姑息,预防,整体方法治疗疾病,如传染病,癌症,自身免疫性疾病。本文就-内啡肽的作用及其在多种疾病中的作用机制作一综述。
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引用次数: 11
Upgrading of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Agroindustrial Wastes 番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)农工废弃物的资源化利用
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000394
K. Zh, Nour Sh El Gendy, A. Ha, Shaltout Tht, Hussein Mmd
Utilization of Tomato Agroindustrial Wastes (TAW) is of growing importance for its low cost and availability. This work aimed to add value to TAW from the point of pharmaceutical and food aspects, environmental safety, and energy security. Results indicated that TAW are not only source of lipids, proteins and inorganic minerals but are also source of lignocellulosic biomass for production of biofuel and single cell protein.
番茄农用工业废弃物因其成本低、可利用性好而日益受到重视。这项工作旨在从制药和食品方面,环境安全和能源安全的角度增加TAW的价值。结果表明,TAW不仅是脂质、蛋白质和无机矿物质的来源,而且是生产生物燃料和单细胞蛋白质的木质纤维素生物质的来源。
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引用次数: 4
Assessing Various Types of Fungal Strains to Convert Soybean Processing Industry Wastewater into Protein-Rich Animal Feed 大豆加工废水转化为富含蛋白质饲料的几种真菌菌株的鉴定
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000390
Jacob D. Zahler, B. Karki, I. C. Isaac, W. Gibbons
The aim of this study was to convert a soybean processing industry wastewater stream into a protein-rich animal feed via fungal bioprocessing while simultaneously reducing the potential environmental impact of the waste stream. Eight fungal strains were screened in flask trails for their ability to produce protein-rich biomass while simultaneously reducing solids found in the wastewater stream. Trichoderma reesei, Paecilomyces variotii and Neurospora crassa produced 51.7, 47.1 and 43.2 g/L of biomass in flask trials while reducing solids present in the supernatant fraction by 46.5, 48.9 and 49.1%, respectively. In bioflo fermenters, Trichoderma reesei and Neurospora crassa produced 55.5 and 62 g/L of protein-rich biomass while reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels by 10.53 and 23.04%, respectively. Microbial metabolic process led to the production of protein-rich animal feed and simultaneously reduced the level of organic matter in the wastewater stream.
本研究的目的是通过真菌生物处理将大豆加工废水转化为富含蛋白质的动物饲料,同时减少废水对环境的潜在影响。在烧瓶试验中筛选了8种真菌菌株,因为它们能够产生富含蛋白质的生物质,同时还能减少废水流中的固体。在烧瓶试验中,里氏木霉、异拟青霉和粗神经孢子菌的生物量分别为51.7、47.1和43.2 g/L,而上清馏分中的固体含量分别减少了46.5、48.9%和49.1%。在生物流化床发酵罐中,里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)和粗神经孢子菌(Neurospora crassa)分别产生了55.5和62 g/L的富蛋白质生物量,同时使化学需氧量(COD)水平分别降低了10.53%和23.04%。微生物代谢过程产生了富含蛋白质的动物饲料,同时降低了废水中有机物的含量。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of GeneXpert against Light-Emitting Diode Fluorescent Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia GeneXpert与发光二极管荧光显微镜在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴诊断肺结核的比较
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000388
B. D. Taddese, D. Desalegn, A. S. Misganaw, K. T. Kitila, Hanna Mekonnen Balcha, C. Gebeyehu, Tinsae K Hailu, Abraham Tesfaye Bika
Background: Tuberculosis remains a global health problem despite availability of effective tools. Globally, there were 40% of the 10+ million patients with TB did not get diagnosed or notified. The study was aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of iLED-FM and GeneXpert test for the diagnosis of PTB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 286 sputum samples collected from health centers and hospitals clients with presumptive TB from December 2016 to March 2017. Kappa value, Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of iLED-FM and GeneXpert were calculated against the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of iLED-FM was 80.15%, 95.48%, 93.75% and 85.06%, for GeneXpert 88.55%, 92.90%, 91.34% and 90.57%, respectively. Kappa value of iLED-FM was 0.765 and 0.817 for GeneXpert. Out of 55 HIV positive presumptive TB patients enrolled in the study, 19 (34.55%) were sputum smear positive by iLED-FM. However, 24 (43.64%) TB cases were detected by GeneXpert. Conclusion: The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was better than iLED-FM in the diagnosis of PTB. It should be implemented as primary diagnostic test in areas where overlapping synergy of TB and HIV/AIDS is high.
背景:尽管有有效的工具,结核病仍然是一个全球性的健康问题。在全球1000多万结核病患者中,有40%没有得到诊断或通知。本研究旨在比较iLED-FM和GeneXpert检测对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴肺结核的诊断效果。方法:对2016年12月至2017年3月在卫生中心和医院收集的286例推定结核病患者的痰样本进行基于机构的横断面研究。根据金标准计算iLED-FM和GeneXpert的Kappa值、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)。结果:iLED-FM的敏感性为80.15%,特异性为95.48%,PPV为93.75%,NPV为85.06%,GeneXpert的敏感性为88.55%,特异性为92.90%,PPV为91.34%,NPV为90.57%。iLED-FM的Kappa值为0.765,GeneXpert为0.817。在纳入研究的55例HIV阳性推定结核病患者中,19例(34.55%)的iLED-FM痰涂片阳性。GeneXpert共检出24例(43.64%)。结论:Xpert MTB/RIF检测对PTB的诊断敏感性优于iLED-FM。在结核病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病重叠协同作用高的地区,应将其作为初级诊断试验加以实施。
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引用次数: 3
Effect of Storage Time on Nutrient, Biodeteriorating Fungi and Aflatoxin Contents of Bitter Leaf ( Vernonia amygadalina ) and JUTE ( Corchorus olitorius ) 贮藏时间对苦叶和黄麻养分、生物腐坏真菌和黄曲霉毒素含量的影响
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000395
G. JonathanSegun, G. OnileOlanrewaju, D. AsemoloyeMichael, O. OmotayoOmolola
Unhygienic handlings of several African food products during storage have been reported to promote fungal biodeterioration and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of storage time on nutrient, commonly associated bio-deteriorating fungi and aflatoxin contents of selected vegetables; Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and Jute (Corchorus olitorius) in Nigeria. Fresh and stored vegetable samples (24) were collected from different markets in Ibadan, Nigeria, they were analyzed for proximate (% Moisture, Carbohydrate, Crude Protein, Fat and Fibre), nutrient (Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium Iron, Zinc and Magnesium), fungal and aflatoxin contents (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2). Most dominantly associated fungal strains were identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus tamari, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus nigricans. The fungal incidence was more pronounced in the stored samples as compared to the fresh samples. The storage time also significantly affected the nutrient and aflatoxin contents of the vegetables; most nutrients decreased with increasing storage period while the aflatoxin contents increased. The study affirms that the storage time has effect on the nutrient, fungal contamination and consequently on the associated aflatoxin, although the detected aflatoxin levels were below the tolerance limit but these may increase with the storage time. It is therefore advisable to take hygienic measures during storage period and also, prolong storage should be discouraged.
据报道,一些非洲食品在储存期间的不卫生处理促进了真菌的生物变质和随后的黄曲霉毒素污染。因此,本研究旨在研究贮藏时间对选定蔬菜营养成分、常见生物降解真菌和黄曲霉毒素含量的影响;尼日利亚的苦叶和黄麻(Corchorus olitorius)。从尼日利亚伊巴丹不同市场收集新鲜和储存蔬菜样品(24份),分析其近似值(水分、碳水化合物、粗蛋白质、脂肪和纤维)、营养成分(钾、钙、磷、铁钠、锌和镁)、真菌和黄曲霉毒素含量(AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2)。主要相关真菌菌株为黑曲霉、黄曲霉、地曲霉、柽柳曲霉、寄生曲霉、烟曲霉、黄化青霉和黑根霉。与新鲜样品相比,储存样品中的真菌发病率更为明显。贮藏时间对蔬菜的营养成分和黄曲霉毒素含量也有显著影响;随着贮藏期的延长,大部分营养物质含量降低,而黄曲霉毒素含量增加。研究证实,贮藏时间对营养物、真菌污染及相关黄曲霉毒素有影响,虽然检测到的黄曲霉毒素含量低于耐受性限值,但随着贮藏时间的延长,黄曲霉毒素含量可能会增加。因此,建议在贮存期间采取卫生措施,也不鼓励延长贮存时间。
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引用次数: 1
RNA Extraction from the Yeast Candida parapsilosis Sensu Stricto Using Two Commercial Methods Based on Purification by Silica Columns 以二氧化硅柱纯化为基础的两种商业方法提取严格假丝酵母RNA
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000401
Rodríguez Ml, Rosa Ac, Jewtuchowicz Vm
Good quality RNA needs to be obtained in order to study gene expression. Different RNA extraction methods have been described, but RNA quality and yield may vary among the different techniques and biological study species. To date, there is no standardized method for extraction and purification of RNA from Candida genus yeasts. The few available papers on the subject apply mainly to filamentous fungi and have produced poor results for extraction techniques based on manual or in-house IVD methods. The aim of this study was therefore to compare two commercial RNA extraction and purification systems using silica columns (Qiagen and Zymo Research) with Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto as model organism. This yeast has been identified in recent papers as the second most frequently isolated Candida species in the oral cavity. In the past decade, it has been the object of increasing medical interest because it is one of the main causes of candidemia in both adults and preterm neonates. In view of this background, we consider the study of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto transcriptome and its variations according to environmental changes to be a priority. In this experimental study, 19 fungal isolates were processed using Qiagen and 17 isolates using Zymo Research. The results suggest that Qiagen lysis buffer RLT is essential for obtaining better quality RNA product.
为了研究基因表达,需要获得高质量的RNA。不同的RNA提取方法已经被描述,但RNA的质量和产量可能会因不同的技术和生物研究物种而异。迄今为止,还没有从念珠菌属酵母中提取和纯化RNA的标准化方法。关于该主题的少数可用论文主要适用于丝状真菌,并且基于手工或内部IVD方法的提取技术产生了较差的结果。因此,本研究的目的是比较使用二氧化硅柱(Qiagen和Zymo Research)的两种商用RNA提取和纯化系统,并将严格意义上的假丝酵母菌作为模式生物。这种酵母菌在最近的论文中被确定为口腔中第二常见的分离念珠菌。在过去的十年中,它一直是医学界越来越关注的对象,因为它是成人和早产儿念珠菌病的主要原因之一。鉴于这一背景,我们认为研究严格意义上的假丝酵母转录组及其随环境变化的变异是当务之急。在本实验中,19株真菌采用Qiagen法处理,17株真菌采用zimo Research法处理。结果表明,Qiagen裂解缓冲液RLT是获得高质量RNA产品的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial Fuel Cell: An Efficient Method to Utilize Prokaryotic Potential to Engender Reliable Energy 微生物燃料电池:利用原核潜能产生可靠能源的有效方法
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000398
Ankur B, Shipra S
A MFC (Microbial Fuel Cell), a microbial power module is a novel and exquisite advancement serving reasonable and green bio-vitality change innovation in the midst of microbial assimilation of regular acids and sugars. In commenced work twofold microbial operated energy chambers were constructed with diverged nature of microorganisms. In MFC-R1, E. coli (Escherichia coli) was utilized in anode slot while in MFC-R2, the sludge samples, anaerobically activated were exploited as anode and aerobically activated in cathode. The extreme yield of voltage was 150 mV in MFC-R1 after adding glucose and 400 mV in MFC-R2. In absence of appropriate air circulation in MFC-R1 voltage yield was diminished to 110 mV, while after proper aeration, the voltage yield has increased up-to 140 mV. In MFC-R2 voltage generation was reduced (250 mV) in deficiency of airing and increased up-to 400 mV after providing proper aeration. In MFC-R2, the higher voltage sustained for an extensive period (for 4 days) while in MFC-R1 voltage output declined after Day 1. This may be happened because in MFC-R2, additional substrates (the sludge samples rich in biomass/nutrients) were present and diverse sorts of microbes may be grown under wild conditions (belonging to different genus/species/strains) to utilize that substrate. Subsequently, the MFCs are being produced for both waste management besides bio-electricity generation and what's more, the thought would be fiscally functional and cooperative ecologically.
微生物燃料电池(MFC, Microbial Fuel Cell)是一种微生物动力模块,是在微生物吸收常规酸和糖的过程中,为合理和绿色的生物活力变化创新服务的一种新颖而精致的进步。在开始的工作中,根据微生物的不同性质,构建了双重微生物操作的能量室。在MFC-R1中,大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)作为阳极槽,在MFC-R2中,厌氧活化的污泥样品作为阳极,好氧活化的污泥样品作为阴极。加入葡萄糖后,MFC-R1的极值电压产率为150 mV, MFC-R2的极值电压产率为400 mV。在没有适当空气循环的情况下,MFC-R1的电压产量降低到110 mV,而在适当通风后,电压产量增加到140 mV。在MFC-R2中,在通风不足的情况下,电压产生降低(250 mV),在适当通风后,电压产生增加到400 mV。在MFC-R2中,较高的电压持续了很长一段时间(4天),而在MFC-R1中,电压输出在第1天后下降。这可能是因为在MFC-R2中,存在额外的底物(富含生物量/营养物质的污泥样品),并且可以在野生条件下生长各种微生物(属于不同的属/种/菌株)以利用该底物。随后,除了生物发电之外,mfc还被用于废物管理,更重要的是,这种想法将具有财政功能和生态合作。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology
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