Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000471
S. Saeed, Kianpour Rad Soheila, Sima Kianpour Rad, Mohyeddin Bonab Mandana, Pakdaman Hosein, Altintas Ayse
Shahbeigi Saeed1*, Kianpour Rad Soheila2, Kianpour Rad Sima3, Mohyeddin Bonab Mandana4, Pakdaman Hosein1 and Altintas Ayse5 1Shahid Beheshti Medical University Research Center, Tehran, Iran 2Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran 3Molecular Departments, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Sinacell Research and Product Company, Tehran, Iran 5Neurology Department, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Shahbeigi Saeed1*， Kianpour Rad soheil2, Kianpour Rad Sima3, Mohyeddin Bonab mandan4, Pakdaman Hosein1和Altintas Ayse5 1Shahid Beheshti医科大学研究中心，伊朗德黑兰2Qazvin医科大学，伊朗Qazvin 3马来西亚吉隆坡马来亚大学分子系4伊朗德黑兰sinacell研究与产品公司5土耳其伊斯坦布尔Koc大学医学院神经内科
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in the Treatment of ALS Patients","authors":"S. Saeed, Kianpour Rad Soheila, Sima Kianpour Rad, Mohyeddin Bonab Mandana, Pakdaman Hosein, Altintas Ayse","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000471","url":null,"abstract":"Shahbeigi Saeed1*, Kianpour Rad Soheila2, Kianpour Rad Sima3, Mohyeddin Bonab Mandana4, Pakdaman Hosein1 and Altintas Ayse5 1Shahid Beheshti Medical University Research Center, Tehran, Iran 2Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran 3Molecular Departments, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Sinacell Research and Product Company, Tehran, Iran 5Neurology Department, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73290934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000I108
O. Farooq, Mahpara Andrabi, M. Aamir, M. Sajad
{"title":"Post Lumbar Puncture Intradural Spinal Arachnoid Cyst Presenting As Dorsal Myelopathy with Pure Motor Paraparesis","authors":"O. Farooq, Mahpara Andrabi, M. Aamir, M. Sajad","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000I108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000I108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"179 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90395514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000479
E. Balkan, N. Bilge
Background: People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) show varying responses to the same drugs, suggesting a genetic factor. In addition, certain ABCB1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with resistance to many drugs. In the era of individualized treatment, identifying possible genetic causes of drug non responsiveness in MS patients may enable the prediction of nonresponse before treatment. Research is needed to determine relationships between ABCB1 polymorphisms and patients’ clinical parameters and drug response in MS.
{"title":"ABCB1 C3435T Gene Polymorphism Frequency and Correlation with Clinical Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"E. Balkan, N. Bilge","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000479","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) show varying responses to the same drugs, suggesting a genetic factor. In addition, certain ABCB1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with resistance to many drugs. In the era of individualized treatment, identifying possible genetic causes of drug non responsiveness in MS patients may enable the prediction of nonresponse before treatment. Research is needed to determine relationships between ABCB1 polymorphisms and patients’ clinical parameters and drug response in MS.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72818642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000470
Jing Zhao, J. Chu, Jian-yong Yang, Zhiyun Yang, B. Luo
Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-2028 / Evaluation of correlations among apparent diffusion coefficient and permeability parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR in brain tumour parenchyma and peritumoral area " by: " J. Zhao , J. P. Chu, J.-Y. Yang, Z. Y. Yang, B. Luo; Guangzhou/CN"
{"title":"Evaluation of correlations among apparent diffusion coefficient and permeability parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR in brain tumour parenchyma and peritumoral area","authors":"Jing Zhao, J. Chu, Jian-yong Yang, Zhiyun Yang, B. Luo","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000470","url":null,"abstract":"Poster: \"ECR 2015 / C-2028 / Evaluation of correlations among apparent diffusion coefficient and permeability parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR in brain tumour parenchyma and peritumoral area \" by: \" J. Zhao , J. P. Chu, J.-Y. Yang, Z. Y. Yang, B. Luo; Guangzhou/CN\"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81775411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000469
Y. Benmoh, Ayoub Elbekal, Simohamed Hamid, Mohamed Ajamat, M. Khalidi, N. Hjira, A. Bourazza
Introduction: The American College of Rheumatology recognizes 19 main forms of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE). Acute confusional states, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral neuropathies and seizure are the most common. We report a rare case of SLE-related myelopathy in teenager girl. Case report: 16 years-old teenager girl, with no previous health history, presented 8 days before her admission, rapidly progressive flaccid tetra paresis with paresthesia and sphincter disturbance. These symptoms were associated to polyarthritis and facial lupus discoid lesion. Spinal MRI objectified Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) to more than 12 vertebral segments. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) showed normal cytology with mild high protein level (0.8 g/l). Immunologic tests went positive to anti-nuclear and anti-DNA antibodies, with negative anti-aquaporin 4 and anti-MOG antibodies. Several infectious serologies went negative. The diagnosis of acute LETM secondary to NPSLE was established. The patient was treated by bolus methylprednisolone and cyclphosphamide, relayed by oral prednisolone. The course was favorable with clinical and radiological improvement, apart from sequelar spinal atrophy on the MRI. Discussion: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NP SLE) is one of the most challenging forms of SLE, as one-third of patient with NPSLE are primary manifestation of lupus autoimmunity. Lupus myelitis is occurring in 1 to 2% of SLE patients. In above 22% of reported cases, LETM was the revealing syndrome of SLE. Several differential diagnoses cause LETM, and must be eliminated according to clinical peculiarities and adequate para clinical tests (infection, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Sjogren’s syndrome, paraneoplastic syndrome). Early methyprednisolone bolus and cyclophosphamid have shown better prognosis with sensori-motor and sphincter improvement. Conclusion: LETM may be the initial presentation of NPSLE. The absence of other systemic symptoms makes the diagnosis a real challenge. This went to procession of clinical and biological arguments. Randomized studies should be led, to report clear guidelines concerning therapies and prognosis.
{"title":"Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis Revealing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Y. Benmoh, Ayoub Elbekal, Simohamed Hamid, Mohamed Ajamat, M. Khalidi, N. Hjira, A. Bourazza","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000469","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The American College of Rheumatology recognizes 19 main forms of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE). Acute confusional states, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral neuropathies and seizure are the most common. We report a rare case of SLE-related myelopathy in teenager girl. Case report: 16 years-old teenager girl, with no previous health history, presented 8 days before her admission, rapidly progressive flaccid tetra paresis with paresthesia and sphincter disturbance. These symptoms were associated to polyarthritis and facial lupus discoid lesion. Spinal MRI objectified Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) to more than 12 vertebral segments. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) showed normal cytology with mild high protein level (0.8 g/l). Immunologic tests went positive to anti-nuclear and anti-DNA antibodies, with negative anti-aquaporin 4 and anti-MOG antibodies. Several infectious serologies went negative. The diagnosis of acute LETM secondary to NPSLE was established. The patient was treated by bolus methylprednisolone and cyclphosphamide, relayed by oral prednisolone. The course was favorable with clinical and radiological improvement, apart from sequelar spinal atrophy on the MRI. Discussion: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NP SLE) is one of the most challenging forms of SLE, as one-third of patient with NPSLE are primary manifestation of lupus autoimmunity. Lupus myelitis is occurring in 1 to 2% of SLE patients. In above 22% of reported cases, LETM was the revealing syndrome of SLE. Several differential diagnoses cause LETM, and must be eliminated according to clinical peculiarities and adequate para clinical tests (infection, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Sjogren’s syndrome, paraneoplastic syndrome). Early methyprednisolone bolus and cyclophosphamid have shown better prognosis with sensori-motor and sphincter improvement. Conclusion: LETM may be the initial presentation of NPSLE. The absence of other systemic symptoms makes the diagnosis a real challenge. This went to procession of clinical and biological arguments. Randomized studies should be led, to report clear guidelines concerning therapies and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86418187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000463
J. Knebel, A. Jeanvoine, Fabian Guignard, J. Vesin, C. Richard
Hearing loss has adverse developmental, cognitive and social impacts on individual’s lives. To improve its diagnosis and remediation outcomes, development of objective hearing methods offer new ways of optimizing care strategy. Complementary to the classical click-evoked brainstem and cortical responses, interest grows regarding the speech auditory brainstem responses, whose components, namely the onset and frequency following responses, are proposed as biomarkers of speech encoding at the brainstem level. To improve the understanding of auditory processing in the human brainstem and its effect on cortical processing, we used a multimodal set-up and recorded brainstem and cortical potentials in response to click stimuli and speech stimuli presented at different stimulation intensities in normal hearing adults. We hypothesized that even though click- and onset responses of the speechauditory brainstem responses share some similarities; their underlying mechanisms are in some point distinct. We also presumed that using a noninvasive method we could assess the generators underlying click, onset and frequency following responses and the time wise influence of brainstem encoding on cortical processing of click and speech stimuli. Results showed evidence regarding mechanisms underlying onset response and frequency following response components at the brainstem level. A direct time wise relationship between subcortical encoding and cortical encoding was revealed: cortical activity in the left cortex was related to the onset response latency at the brainstem level. These results highlight the potential use of new methods in speech processing electroencephalographic studies and provide qualitative and topographical data regarding subcortical and cortical auditory processing network.
{"title":"Differences in Click and Speech Auditory Brainstem Responses and Cortical Response Patterns: A Pilot Study","authors":"J. Knebel, A. Jeanvoine, Fabian Guignard, J. Vesin, C. Richard","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000463","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing loss has adverse developmental, cognitive and social impacts on individual’s lives. To improve its diagnosis and remediation outcomes, development of objective hearing methods offer new ways of optimizing care strategy. Complementary to the classical click-evoked brainstem and cortical responses, interest grows regarding the speech auditory brainstem responses, whose components, namely the onset and frequency following responses, are proposed as biomarkers of speech encoding at the brainstem level. To improve the understanding of auditory processing in the human brainstem and its effect on cortical processing, we used a multimodal set-up and recorded brainstem and cortical potentials in response to click stimuli and speech stimuli presented at different stimulation intensities in normal hearing adults. We hypothesized that even though click- and onset responses of the speechauditory brainstem responses share some similarities; their underlying mechanisms are in some point distinct. We also presumed that using a noninvasive method we could assess the generators underlying click, onset and frequency following responses and the time wise influence of brainstem encoding on cortical processing of click and speech stimuli. Results showed evidence regarding mechanisms underlying onset response and frequency following response components at the brainstem level. A direct time wise relationship between subcortical encoding and cortical encoding was revealed: cortical activity in the left cortex was related to the onset response latency at the brainstem level. These results highlight the potential use of new methods in speech processing electroencephalographic studies and provide qualitative and topographical data regarding subcortical and cortical auditory processing network.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74535073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000472
Benmoh Y, Hamid M, Arrami A, Alaoui My, Satte A, Mounach J, Bichra Mz, Elfenni J, Bourazza A
Benmoh Y1*, Hamid M1, Arrami A2, Alaoui MY3, Satte A4, Mounach J5, Bichra MZ3, Elfenni J2 and Bourazza A1 1Department of Neurology, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco 2Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco 3Department of Psychiatry, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco 4Department of Neurophysiology, Mohamed V University, Morocco 5Department of Neurophysiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco
{"title":"Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Associated To Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment and Evolution: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Benmoh Y, Hamid M, Arrami A, Alaoui My, Satte A, Mounach J, Bichra Mz, Elfenni J, Bourazza A","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000472","url":null,"abstract":"Benmoh Y1*, Hamid M1, Arrami A2, Alaoui MY3, Satte A4, Mounach J5, Bichra MZ3, Elfenni J2 and Bourazza A1 1Department of Neurology, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco 2Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco 3Department of Psychiatry, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco 4Department of Neurophysiology, Mohamed V University, Morocco 5Department of Neurophysiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000i109
Min Chen, Zhikang Zhao, Hongbo Liu, P. Zonca
We reported a 52 years old female patient presented with sleep habit changing, slugishness and progressive legs weakness. Her brain MRI shows lesions in bilateral subcortex, bilateral periventricular region, left pedunculus cerebri, callosum, left thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia region, displaying longT1, long T2 signal, with some lesions enhanced after contrast administration. The pathology obtained from brain biopsy suggested diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
{"title":"Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma or Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Min Chen, Zhikang Zhao, Hongbo Liu, P. Zonca","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000i109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000i109","url":null,"abstract":"We reported a 52 years old female patient presented with sleep habit changing, slugishness and progressive legs weakness. Her brain MRI shows lesions in bilateral subcortex, bilateral periventricular region, left pedunculus cerebri, callosum, left thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia region, displaying longT1, long T2 signal, with some lesions enhanced after contrast administration. The pathology obtained from brain biopsy suggested diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"91 1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77283843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000478
T. Shimomura, M. Fujiki, H. Ohba, Takanori Kochiyma, Kenji Sugita, H. Matsuta, Yukari Kawasaki, Kohei Oonishi, Hirotaka Fudaba, T. Kamida
Objective: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that stimulates a localized brain region underneath a coil. Recently, the application of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to the primary motor cortex (M1) has been used to promote functional recovery in stroke patients with hemiparesis. High-frequency rTMS (5 Hz or greater) was applied over the affected hemisphere to reactivate hypoactive regions. Because of recent advances in MRI technology and, in particular, the gradient coils, high-frequency whole brain rTMS-fMRI is possible. The use of interleaved rTMS-fMRI during stimulation at a frequency of 5 Hz aids in understanding how the brain is modulated during stimulation. Method: We measured BOLD signal changes in whole brain during interleaved rTMS-fMRI (5Hz) using 3T MRI. Image processing and statistical analyses were carried out using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) software. Results: Distinct BOLD signal changes extending to the remote motor network during 5 Hz-rTMS over the M1 were successfully demonstrated using interleaved rTMS-fMRI. Negative BOLD responses were observed in the contralateral M1, the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and the bilateral supplementary motor cortex (SMA), even though no significant BOLD signal changes were observed in the stimulated M1. The negative BOLD responses gradually became marked during (3 mins 57 sec). Therefore, long-lasting plastic changes may occur within 4 mins. Negative BOLD responses in remote regions away from the directly stimulated M1 suggest that subthreshold high frequency rTMS over the motor cortex induced neuromodulation via neuronal networks. Conclusion: The remarkable negative BOLD responses in the contralateral M1 induced by high-frequency rTMS may be useful for identifying a treatment strategy involving M1 stimulation.
{"title":"Contralateral Negative Bold Responses in the Motor Network during Subthreshold High-Frequency Interleaved Tms-Fmri over the Human Primary Motor Cortex","authors":"T. Shimomura, M. Fujiki, H. Ohba, Takanori Kochiyma, Kenji Sugita, H. Matsuta, Yukari Kawasaki, Kohei Oonishi, Hirotaka Fudaba, T. Kamida","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000478","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that stimulates a localized brain region underneath a coil. Recently, the application of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to the primary motor cortex (M1) has been used to promote functional recovery in stroke patients with hemiparesis. High-frequency rTMS (5 Hz or greater) was applied over the affected hemisphere to reactivate hypoactive regions. Because of recent advances in MRI technology and, in particular, the gradient coils, high-frequency whole brain rTMS-fMRI is possible. The use of interleaved rTMS-fMRI during stimulation at a frequency of 5 Hz aids in understanding how the brain is modulated during stimulation. Method: We measured BOLD signal changes in whole brain during interleaved rTMS-fMRI (5Hz) using 3T MRI. Image processing and statistical analyses were carried out using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) software. Results: Distinct BOLD signal changes extending to the remote motor network during 5 Hz-rTMS over the M1 were successfully demonstrated using interleaved rTMS-fMRI. Negative BOLD responses were observed in the contralateral M1, the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and the bilateral supplementary motor cortex (SMA), even though no significant BOLD signal changes were observed in the stimulated M1. The negative BOLD responses gradually became marked during (3 mins 57 sec). Therefore, long-lasting plastic changes may occur within 4 mins. Negative BOLD responses in remote regions away from the directly stimulated M1 suggest that subthreshold high frequency rTMS over the motor cortex induced neuromodulation via neuronal networks. Conclusion: The remarkable negative BOLD responses in the contralateral M1 induced by high-frequency rTMS may be useful for identifying a treatment strategy involving M1 stimulation.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85888591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000473
S. Sakka, N. Farhat, A. Bouhamed, H. H. Kacem, O. Hdiji, M. Mhiri
Cognitive abnormalities are frequently observed in advanced stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Their frequency increases from clinically isolated syndromes, to relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS. The most frequently impaired functions are information processing speed, attention and memory. Dementia is uncommon but may reveal a MS. We reported a 47-year-old woman suffering since 8 months of headache with a progressive amnesia, temporospatial disorientation and behavioral disorders. On examination, we found dementia syndrome and a frontal syndrome. Brain MRI showed a T2 hyperintensity multifocal ovoid lesions with enhancement in the periventricular white matter and in the corpus callosum. Diagnostic hypotheses were ADEM or MS. Isoelectric focusing revealed oligoclonal bands and elevated IgG index. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for five consecutive days. There was a regression of the symptomatology but 4 months after diagnosis, the patient presented with a postural instability, gait difficulty, terminal intention tremor and dysmetria. A diagnosis MS was considered and she was given interferon. The concept of MS being a dementing illness is not novel. Neurologists are well aware that patients with MS may present with cognitive impairment. But the fact that this disease is revealed by dementia is rare and new.
{"title":"Dementia Revealing Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"S. Sakka, N. Farhat, A. Bouhamed, H. H. Kacem, O. Hdiji, M. Mhiri","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000473","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive abnormalities are frequently observed in advanced stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Their frequency increases from clinically isolated syndromes, to relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS. The most frequently impaired functions are information processing speed, attention and memory. Dementia is uncommon but may reveal a MS. We reported a 47-year-old woman suffering since 8 months of headache with a progressive amnesia, temporospatial disorientation and behavioral disorders. On examination, we found dementia syndrome and a frontal syndrome. Brain MRI showed a T2 hyperintensity multifocal ovoid lesions with enhancement in the periventricular white matter and in the corpus callosum. Diagnostic hypotheses were ADEM or MS. Isoelectric focusing revealed oligoclonal bands and elevated IgG index. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for five consecutive days. There was a regression of the symptomatology but 4 months after diagnosis, the patient presented with a postural instability, gait difficulty, terminal intention tremor and dysmetria. A diagnosis MS was considered and she was given interferon. The concept of MS being a dementing illness is not novel. Neurologists are well aware that patients with MS may present with cognitive impairment. But the fact that this disease is revealed by dementia is rare and new.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90314378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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