This paper covers the core-shell nanomaterials, mainly, polymer-core polymer shell, polymer-core metal shell, and polymer-core nonmetal shells. Herein, various synthesis techniques, properties, and applications of these materials have been discussed. The detailed discussion of the properties with experimental parameters has been carried out. The various characterization techniques for the core-shell nanostructure have also been discussed. Their physical and chemical properties have been addressed. The future aspects of such core-shell nanostructures for biomedical and various other applications have been discussed with a special emphasis on their properties.
{"title":"Recent Advancement in Functional Core-Shell Nanoparticles of Polymers: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Applications in Medical Biotechnology","authors":"K. Kumar, Vijay Bhooshan Kumar, P. Paik","doi":"10.1155/2013/672059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/672059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper covers the core-shell nanomaterials, mainly, polymer-core polymer shell, polymer-core metal shell, and polymer-core nonmetal shells. Herein, various synthesis techniques, properties, and applications of these materials have been discussed. The detailed discussion of the properties with experimental parameters has been carried out. The various characterization techniques for the core-shell nanostructure have also been discussed. Their physical and chemical properties have been addressed. The future aspects of such core-shell nanostructures for biomedical and various other applications have been discussed with a special emphasis on their properties.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84300910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Albadi, Abdolhossein Razeghi, H. Abbaszadeh, Azam Mansournezhad
CuO-CeO2 nanocomposite is reported as a highly efficient recyclable catalyst that is applied for the synthesis of Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a-j]xanthenes under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The copper nanoparticles are dispersed as fine and amorphous phases on the surface of ceria and made nanoclusters with average size of about 33 nm. This catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to 8 consecutive runs without any losing of its efficiency. This procedure provides several advantages such as simple workup, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, and high yields of the products.
{"title":"CuO- Nanocomposite: An Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a-j]xanthenes","authors":"J. Albadi, Abdolhossein Razeghi, H. Abbaszadeh, Azam Mansournezhad","doi":"10.1155/2013/546194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/546194","url":null,"abstract":"CuO-CeO2 nanocomposite is reported as a highly efficient recyclable catalyst that is applied for the synthesis of Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a-j]xanthenes under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The copper nanoparticles are dispersed as fine and amorphous phases on the surface of ceria and made nanoclusters with average size of about 33 nm. This catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to 8 consecutive runs without any losing of its efficiency. This procedure provides several advantages such as simple workup, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, and high yields of the products.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79306293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of reliable and ecofriendly green approach for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles biologically is an important step in the field of application of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The present paper reports the green approach for iron nanoparticle synthesis using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9 using FeCl3 as a precursor metal salt. Valid characterization techniques employed for biosynthesized iron nanoparticles including dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for morphological study. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental iron signal in high percentage. Apart from ecofriendliness and easy availability, low-cost biomass production will be more advantageous when compared to other chemical methods. Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using fungus has greater commercial viability that it may be used in agriculture, biomedicals and engineering sector.
{"title":"Rapid, Low-Cost, and Ecofriendly Approach for Iron Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9","authors":"J. C. Tarafdar, R. Raliya","doi":"10.1155/2013/141274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/141274","url":null,"abstract":"Development of reliable and ecofriendly green approach for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles biologically is an important step in the field of application of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The present paper reports the green approach for iron nanoparticle synthesis using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9 using FeCl3 as a precursor metal salt. Valid characterization techniques employed for biosynthesized iron nanoparticles including dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for morphological study. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental iron signal in high percentage. Apart from ecofriendliness and easy availability, low-cost biomass production will be more advantageous when compared to other chemical methods. Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using fungus has greater commercial viability that it may be used in agriculture, biomedicals and engineering sector.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82128554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticles of mixed metal oxides, ZrO2, ZrTiO4, and ZrV2O7 were prepared by microwave-assisted citrate sol-gel and solution combustion method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for their structural details using XRD and TEM techniques. The broadening of Raman bands is ascribed to local compositional fluctuations or local positional disordering produced due to random distribution of Zr4
{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Mixed Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Verma, R. Dwivedi, R. Prasad, K. S. Bartwal","doi":"10.1155/2013/737831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/737831","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles of mixed metal oxides, ZrO2, ZrTiO4, and ZrV2O7 were prepared by microwave-assisted citrate sol-gel and solution combustion method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for their structural details using XRD and TEM techniques. The broadening of Raman bands is ascribed to local compositional fluctuations or local positional disordering produced due to random distribution of Zr4","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83463871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pradeesh, Nageswara Rao Kotla, Shahab Ahmad, V. K. Dwivedi, G. Prakash
Self-assembly has the advantage of fabricating structures of complex functionalities, from molecular levels to as big as macroscopic levels. Natural self-assembly involves self-aggregation of one or more materials (organic and/or inorganic) into desired structures while templated self-assembly involves interstitial space filling of diverse nature entities into self-assembled ordered/disordered templates (both from molecular to macro levels). These artificial and engineered new-generation materials offer many advantages over their individual counterparts. This paper reviews and explores the advantages of such naturally self-assembled hybrid molecular level systems and template-assisted macro-/microstructures targeting simple and low-cost device-oriented fabrication techniques, structural flexibility, and a wide range of photonic applications.
{"title":"Naturally Self-Assembled Nanosystems and Their Templated Structures for Photonic Applications","authors":"K. Pradeesh, Nageswara Rao Kotla, Shahab Ahmad, V. K. Dwivedi, G. Prakash","doi":"10.1155/2013/531871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/531871","url":null,"abstract":"Self-assembly has the advantage of fabricating structures of complex functionalities, from molecular levels to as big as macroscopic levels. Natural self-assembly involves self-aggregation of one or more materials (organic and/or inorganic) into desired structures while templated self-assembly involves interstitial space filling of diverse nature entities into self-assembled ordered/disordered templates (both from molecular to macro levels). These artificial and engineered new-generation materials offer many advantages over their individual counterparts. This paper reviews and explores the advantages of such naturally self-assembled hybrid molecular level systems and template-assisted macro-/microstructures targeting simple and low-cost device-oriented fabrication techniques, structural flexibility, and a wide range of photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83882695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of PdNiB bimetallic nanoalloy catalysts with various Pd contents was prepared. Pd was well dispersed in NiB. Even adding a small amount of Pd in NiB had a significant effect on activity and selectivity in hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) to p-chloroaniline (p-CAN). High activity and selectivity on PdNiB could be attributed to both ensemble effect and electronic effect. The particle size in PdNiB decreased with an increase in Pd content. Electron-enriched Ni could activate the polar-NO2 groups of p-CNB and depress the dehalogenation of p-CAN.
{"title":"Selective Hydrogenation of p-Chloronitrobenzene on Nanosized PdNiB Catalysts","authors":"Yu‐Wen Chen, Der-Shing Lee","doi":"10.1155/2013/132180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/132180","url":null,"abstract":"A series of PdNiB bimetallic nanoalloy catalysts with various Pd contents was prepared. Pd was well dispersed in NiB. Even adding a small amount of Pd in NiB had a significant effect on activity and selectivity in hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) to p-chloroaniline (p-CAN). High activity and selectivity on PdNiB could be attributed to both ensemble effect and electronic effect. The particle size in PdNiB decreased with an increase in Pd content. Electron-enriched Ni could activate the polar-NO2 groups of p-CNB and depress the dehalogenation of p-CAN.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88808796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pranjal Chandra, J. Singh, Amardeep Singh, Ananya Srivastava, R. Goyal, Y. Shim
Progress and development in clinical diagnostics certainly focus upon the advances in the nanomaterials, particularly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that offer promise to solve the biocompatible and sensitive detection systems. This paper focuses on the recent application of AuNPs in clinical diagnosis. Various important methods of AuNPs synthesis and their application in clinical detection of various biomolecules using electrochemical detection methods have been described. AuNPs alone and in various composites are also described based on the various biosensors design recently published for the detection of cancer biomarkers, proteins, bacteria, and cancer cells. The effect of AuNPs type and size in clinical detection has also been briefly illustrated.
{"title":"Gold Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites in Clinical Diagnostics Using Electrochemical Methods","authors":"Pranjal Chandra, J. Singh, Amardeep Singh, Ananya Srivastava, R. Goyal, Y. Shim","doi":"10.1155/2013/535901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/535901","url":null,"abstract":"Progress and development in clinical diagnostics certainly focus upon the advances in the nanomaterials, particularly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that offer promise to solve the biocompatible and sensitive detection systems. This paper focuses on the recent application of AuNPs in clinical diagnosis. Various important methods of AuNPs synthesis and their application in clinical detection of various biomolecules using electrochemical detection methods have been described. AuNPs alone and in various composites are also described based on the various biosensors design recently published for the detection of cancer biomarkers, proteins, bacteria, and cancer cells. The effect of AuNPs type and size in clinical detection has also been briefly illustrated.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90584422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie‐Alexandra Neouze Gauthey, Marco Litschauer, M. Puchberger, Martin Kronstein, H. Peterlik
Highly promising hybrid materials consisting of silica, titania, or zirconia nanoparticles linked with ionic liquid-like imidazolium units have been developed. The nanoparticle networks are prepared by click-chemistry-like process through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The type of metal oxide nanoparticles appears to play a key role regarding the pore size of the hybrid material.
{"title":"Tuning the Pore Size in Ionic Nanoparticle Networks","authors":"Marie‐Alexandra Neouze Gauthey, Marco Litschauer, M. Puchberger, Martin Kronstein, H. Peterlik","doi":"10.1155/2013/682945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/682945","url":null,"abstract":"Highly promising hybrid materials consisting of silica, titania, or zirconia nanoparticles linked with ionic liquid-like imidazolium units have been developed. The nanoparticle networks are prepared by click-chemistry-like process through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The type of metal oxide nanoparticles appears to play a key role regarding the pore size of the hybrid material.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77377322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Combustion method has been used as a fast and facile method to prepare nanocrystalline Co3O4 spinel employing sucrose as a combustion fuel. The products were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA and DTA), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Experimental results revealed that the molar ratio of fuel/oxidizer (F/O) plays an important role in controlling the crystallite size of Co3O4 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the crystallite size of Co3O4 nanocrystals was in the range of 13–32 nm. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of CoO phase with spinel Co3O4. The effect of calcination temperature on crystallite size and morphology has been, also, discussed.
{"title":"Direct Fabrication of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Employing Sucrose as a Combustion Fuel","authors":"M. Makhlouf, B. M. Abu-Zied, T. H. Mansoure","doi":"10.1155/2013/384350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/384350","url":null,"abstract":"Combustion method has been used as a fast and facile method to prepare nanocrystalline Co3O4 spinel employing sucrose as a combustion fuel. The products were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA and DTA), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Experimental results revealed that the molar ratio of fuel/oxidizer (F/O) plays an important role in controlling the crystallite size of Co3O4 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the crystallite size of Co3O4 nanocrystals was in the range of 13–32 nm. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of CoO phase with spinel Co3O4. The effect of calcination temperature on crystallite size and morphology has been, also, discussed.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85515741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thorsten Wagner, M. Wiemann, I. Schmitz, H. Lipinski
Optical tracking methods are increasingly employed to characterize the size of nanoparticles in suspensions. However, the sufficient separation of different particle populations in polydisperse suspension is still difficult. In this work, Nanosight measurements of well-defined particle populations and Monte-Carlo simulations showed that the analysis of polydisperse particle dispersion could be improved with mathematical methods. Logarithmic transform of measured hydrodynamic diameters led to improved comparability between different modal values of multimodal size distributions. Furthermore, an automatic cluster analysis of transformed particle diameters could uncover otherwise hidden particle populations. In summary, the combination of logarithmically transformed hydrodynamic particle diameters with cluster analysis markedly improved the interpretability of multimodal particle size distributions as delivered by particle tracking measurements.
{"title":"A Cluster-Based Method for Improving Analysis of Polydisperse Particle Size Distributions Obtained by Nanoparticle Tracking","authors":"Thorsten Wagner, M. Wiemann, I. Schmitz, H. Lipinski","doi":"10.1155/2013/936150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/936150","url":null,"abstract":"Optical tracking methods are increasingly employed to characterize the size \u0000of nanoparticles in suspensions. However, the sufficient separation of different \u0000particle populations in polydisperse suspension is still difficult. In this work, Nanosight measurements of well-defined particle populations and Monte-Carlo \u0000simulations showed that the analysis of polydisperse particle dispersion could be \u0000improved with mathematical methods. Logarithmic transform of measured hydrodynamic \u0000diameters led to improved comparability between different modal values \u0000of multimodal size distributions. Furthermore, an automatic cluster analysis \u0000of transformed particle diameters could uncover otherwise hidden particle \u0000populations. In summary, the combination of logarithmically transformed hydrodynamic \u0000particle diameters with cluster analysis markedly improved the interpretability \u0000of multimodal particle size distributions as delivered by particle \u0000tracking measurements.","PeriodicalId":16507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticles","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82561589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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