Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第8页

Trends and Inequities in Adequacy of Micronutrient Intakes in Rural Bangladesh 孟加拉国农村微量营养素摄入充足的趋势和不公平现象。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.018

Phuong Hong Nguyen , Masum Ali , Julie Ghostlaw , Lan Mai Tran , Aklima Parvin , M Mehrab Bakhtiar , Akhter U Ahmed

Background

Micronutrient deficiencies pose a significant public health challenge, yet limited evidence exists on micronutrient intakes over time in Bangladesh.

Objectives

We assessed trends and adequacies in micronutrient intakes and examined the changes in inequities by age group, sex, and expenditure quintile.

Methods

We used panel data from the 2011 and 2018 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (n = 21,475 and 21,589 household members aged 2 y or older, respectively). Food consumption data were collected using a household dietary recall. Changes in micronutrient intakes were assessed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon rank sum test. Inequities in outcomes were examined using the slope index of inequality and concentration index.

Results

Micronutrient intakes remained suboptimal across 2011 and 2018, with low adequacy (<0.50) for all nutrients except niacin. While vitamin A intake increased across various demographics, trends for other micronutrient intakes differed by age. Intakes improved for 10 micronutrients among children aged 2 to <5 y but increased for only half of the examined micronutrients among children aged 5–9 y. For adolescents and adults, most micronutrient intakes slightly declined, with greater inadequacies observed among females than those among males. Pregnant women experienced sharper declines in adequacy of micronutrient intakes than lactating women. The mean probability of adequacy (MPA) was low (around one-third) for all age groups with lower MPA among poorer than that among richer households across age, sex, and survey years. Inequity gaps in MPA mostly declined, except for females aged 50 y or older and pregnant women.

Conclusions

Micronutrient intakes and adequacies remain suboptimal and have decreased marginally over time for many nutrients and MPA across most age groups. Inequities in micronutrient intakes persist by age, sex, and income levels, disproportionately affecting the poor, adults, and women. Our study calls for evidence-based policies and programs that incorporate a range of proven approaches and tailored solutions to effectively tackle persisting inequities and ensure access to healthy diets for all.

背景：微量营养素缺乏对公共卫生构成重大挑战，但关于孟加拉国长期微量营养素摄入量的证据有限。目的：我们评估微量营养素摄入的趋势和不足，并按年龄组、性别和消费五分位数检查不平等的变化。方法：我们使用2011年和2018年孟加拉国综合家庭调查的面板数据（n =21,475和21,589名年龄≥2岁的家庭成员）。使用家庭膳食召回法收集食品消费数据。采用非参数Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon秩和检验评估微量营养素摄入量的变化。使用不平等斜率指数和集中指数检查结果的不平等。结果：在2011年和2018年期间，微量营养素摄入量仍然处于次优状态，充足性较低(结论：在大多数年龄组中，许多营养素和MPA的微量营养素摄入量和充足性仍然处于次优状态，并且随着时间的推移略有下降。微量营养素摄入方面的不平等因年龄、性别和收入水平而持续存在，对穷人、成年人和妇女的影响尤为严重。我们的研究呼吁制定以证据为基础的政策和规划，将一系列经过验证的方法和量身定制的解决方案纳入其中，以有效解决持续存在的不平等现象，确保所有人都能获得健康饮食。

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引用次数: 0

Complementary Food Supplements Fill Energy and Protein Gaps among Children with Dietary Inadequacy in a Complementary Feeding Trial in Rural Bangladesh 在孟加拉国农村进行的一项补充喂养试验中，补充食品补充剂填补了饮食不足儿童的能量和蛋白质缺口。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.001

Monica M Pasqualino , Rebecca K Campbell , Kristen M Hurley , Lee S-F Wu , Abu Ahmed Shamim , Saijuddin Shaikh , Saskia de Pee , Parul Christian

Background

Few studies have evaluated the dietary impact of complementary food supplements (CFSs) designed to deliver macro- and micronutrients to children at risk for undernutrition. In a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, we previously reported that CFSs increased children’s micronutrient adequacy.

Objectives

To longitudinally characterize energy and macronutrient intakes and inadequacies and evaluate the extent to which CFSs fill intake gaps.

Methods

Children were enrolled at 6 mo and received 1 of 4 CFSs plus caregiver nutrition counseling or counseling alone for 1 y. A semi-quantitative diet questionnaire was administered at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 mo. Energy and macronutrient intakes were estimated by age and arm; protein adequacy was adjusted for protein quality and infection. We estimated the proportion meeting intake requirements set by FAO and the Institute of Medicine and compared group-wise differences using log binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations. We used multivariate analysis of variance models to evaluate if CFSs substituted home foods.

Results

Across groups, most children did not meet energy or protein requirements at enrollment (74.6%–81.3% and 77.4%–79.2%, respectively). Estimated energy and macronutrient intakes from home foods increased from 6 to 24 mo. Energy inadequacy was lower in the supplemented groups compared with the control at all ages (e.g. 10.5%–13.8% compared with 31.4% at 18 mo). In the control group, protein inadequacy dropped from 78.4% at 6 mo to 8.3% at 9 mo to 2.8% by 18 mo; adjusted protein estimates were 25.1% at 9 mo and 7.0% at 18 mo. Protein inadequacy was the highest in the control group at all timepoints. CFSs did not substitute home foods.

Conclusions

CFSs can significantly bridge energy and protein intake gaps. With earlier trial findings that CFSs filled micronutrient gaps and improved growth, these findings strengthen evidence supporting using CFSs for improved health outcomes.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT01562379 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01562379).

背景：很少有研究评估辅食补充剂（CFSs）的饮食影响，这些辅食补充剂旨在向有营养不良风险的儿童提供宏量和微量营养素。在孟加拉国农村的一项随机对照试验中，我们之前报道了CFSs增加了儿童微量营养素的充足性。目的：纵向表征能量和常量营养素的摄入和不足，并评估CFSs填补摄入缺口的程度。方法：儿童在6个月大时入组，接受四种CFSs中的一种加照顾者营养咨询或单独咨询一年。在6、9、12、15、18和24个月时进行半定量饮食问卷调查。能量和常量营养素摄入量按年龄和手臂估算；根据蛋白质质量和感染情况调整蛋白质充足性。我们估计了满足粮农组织和医学研究所设定的摄入要求的比例，并使用具有广义估计方程的对数二项回归模型比较了组间差异。我们使用多变量方差模型分析来评估CFSs是否取代了家庭食品。结果：在各组中，大多数儿童在入组时不满足能量或蛋白质需求（分别为74.6-81.3%和77.4-79.2%）。估计从家庭食物中摄取的能量和大量营养素从6个月增加到24个月。在所有年龄段，与对照组相比，补充组的能量不足率较低（例如，10.5-13.8%，而18个月时为31.4%）。对照组的蛋白质不足率从6个月时的78.4%下降到9个月时的8.3%，再到18个月时的2.8%；调整后的蛋白质估计值在9个月时为25.1%，在18个月时为7.0%。在所有时间点，对照组的蛋白质不足率最高。CFSs不能替代家庭食品。结论：CFSs能显著弥补能量和蛋白质摄入缺口。由于早期的试验结果表明，CFSs填补了微量营养素缺口并改善了生长，这些发现加强了支持使用CFSs改善健康结果的证据。临床试验注册：NCT01562379， https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01562379。

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引用次数: 0

Association of Vitamin D Status with Immune Markers in a Cohort of Healthy Adults 健康成人队列中维生素D状态与免疫标志物的关系

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.010

Niknaz Riazati , Reina Engle-Stone , Charles B Stephensen

Background

Immune function is affected by vitamin D status, but the optimal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration for immune function is not known.

Objectives

We hypothesized that 25(OH)D would be associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation.

Methods

We identified associations between 25(OH)D and immune markers from 361 healthy adults using polynomial regression. Linear regression was used to define the slope (β) of significant linear associations, and piecewise regression identified inflection points (IPs) for curvilinear associations with P < 0.05. IPs with a slope difference (SD) P < 0.05 before and after were significant.

Results

25(OH)D had linear, negative associations with interleukin (IL)-6 (β: −0.126; P = 0.009) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (β: −0.108; P = 0.04) and a linear, positive association with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (β: 0.108; P = 0.04). Among the significant curvilinear associations, 2 showed negative associations below but positive associations above an IP with nearly significant SD P values, including percentage of effector-memory CD8 T cells (IP: 56.2 nmol/L; SD P = 0.067) and platelet concentration (IP: 38.9 nmol/L; SD P = 0.058). The opposite associations, positive below and negative above an IP, were seen for eotaxin (IP: 49.5 nmol/L; SD P = 0.049); interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) (IP: 71.8 nmol/L; SD P = 0.02); percentage of CD4 T cells expressing programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 (IP: 71.2 nmol/L; SD P = 0.01); percentage of Tregs expressing human leukocyte antigen, DR isotype (HLA-DR) (IP: 67.5 nmol/L; SD P < 0.0001); percentage of memory Tregs (IP: 68.8 nmol/L; SD P = 0.002); and percentage of memory Tregs expressing HLA-DR (IP: 68.8 nmol/L; SD P = 0.0008).

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with low vitamin D status allowing and higher vitamin D status dampening inflammation and immune activation. IP analysis identified possible thresholds for vitamin D effects on immune function. Two of 3 IPs at ∼50 nmol/L show higher inflammation below this concentration, suggesting 50 nmol/L as a minimum target for dampening inflammation. IPs at ∼70 nmol/L identify a threshold for CD4 T-cell activity, including Treg activation and IFN-γ-driven production of the T-cell chemokine IP-10, suggesting an optimal concentration for regulating adaptive immunity.

This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.

背景：免疫功能受维生素D状态的影响，但血清25-羟基维生素D [25(OH)D]对免疫功能的最佳水平尚不清楚。目的：我们假设25(OH)D与炎症和免疫激活标志物有关。方法：我们用多项式回归方法鉴定了361名健康成人的25(OH)D与免疫标记物之间的关系。采用线性回归确定显著线性关联的斜率（β），分段回归确定曲线关联的拐点（IPs）。结果：25(OH)D与白细胞介素(IL)-6 （β=-0.126, p=0.009）和巨噬细胞来源的趋化因子（MDC）（β=-0.108, p=0.04）呈线性负相关，与基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-1呈线性正相关（β=0.108, p=0.04）。在显著的曲线关联中，有两个在IP以下呈负相关，而在IP以上呈正相关，SD p值接近显著，包括%效应记忆CD8 t细胞（IP=56.2 nmol/L, SD p=0.067）和血小板（IP=38.9 nmol/L, SD p=0.058）。相反，在IP以下呈阳性，IP以上呈阴性，eotaxin (IP=49.5 nmol/L, SD p=0.049)，干扰素(IFN)-γ诱导蛋白(IP)-10 (IP=71.8 nmol/L, SD p=0.02)，表达程序性死亡(PD)-1的CD4 t细胞% (IP=71.2 nmol/L, SD p=0.01)，表达HLA-DR的Tregs % （IP=67.5 nmol/L, SD p）。结论：这些发现与低维生素D状态允许和高维生素D状态抑制炎症和免疫激活一致。IP分析确定了维生素D对免疫功能影响的可能阈值。在约50 nmol/L的三种IPs中，有两种显示出高于此水平的炎症，这表明50 nmol/L是抑制炎症的最低目标。约70 nmol/L的IPs确定了CD4 t细胞活性的阈值，包括Treg激活和IFN-γ驱动的t细胞趋化因子IP-10的产生，这表明调节适应性免疫的最佳水平。该研究已在ClinicalTrials.gov注册（NCT02367287）。

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引用次数: 0

Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet, Incidence of Cardiovascular Events, and All-Cause Mortality: Results from a Swiss Cohort EAT-Lancet饮食、心血管事件发生率和全因死亡率之间的关系：来自瑞士队列的结果

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.012

Laís Bhering Martins , Magda Gamba , Anna Stubbendorff , Nathalie Gasser , Laura Löbl , Florian Stern , Ulrika Ericson , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Séverine Vuilleumier , Angeline Chatelan

Background

An unhealthy diet is a major contributor to several noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Additionally, our food system has significant impacts on the environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a healthy diet that preserves global environmental resources.

Objectives

This prospective study aimed to evaluate the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a Swiss cohort.

Methods

We analyzed data from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus cohort study (N = 3866). Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The EAT-Lancet adherence score was calculated based on the recommended intake and reference intervals of 12 food components, ranging from 0 to 39 points. Participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-adherence groups according to score tertiles. We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to assess the association among diet adherence, incident cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 7.9 y (SD: ±2.0 y), 294 individuals (7.6%) from our initial sample experienced a first cardiovascular event, and 264 (6.8%) died. Compared with the low-adherence group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.17) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.98) for the medium-adherence and high-adherence groups, respectively (P-trend = 0.04). We observed no association between adherence groups and cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

In a Swiss cohort, high adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a potential 30% lower risk of overall mortality. However, it is not associated with cardiovascular events.

背景：不健康的饮食是导致包括心血管疾病（CVD）在内的几种非传染性疾病的主要因素，心血管疾病是世界范围内的主要死亡原因。此外，我们的食物系统对环境有重大影响。EAT-Lancet委员会推荐了一种保护全球环境资源的健康饮食。目的：这项前瞻性研究评估了瑞士队列中坚持EAT-Lancet饮食与心血管事件发生率和全因死亡率之间的关系。方法：我们分析了CoLaus|PsyCoLaus队列研究（n = 3,866）的数据。膳食摄入量采用半定量食物频率问卷进行评估。EAT-Lancet依从性评分是根据12种食物成分的推荐摄入量和参考区间计算的，范围从0到39分。参与者根据得分分位数分为低、中、高依从性组。我们使用Cox比例风险回归来评估饮食依从性、心血管事件发生率和全因死亡率之间的关系。结果：在平均7.9年（SD±2.0）的随访期间，我们的初始样本中有294人（7.6%）经历了首次心血管事件，264人（6.8%）死亡。与低依从性组相比，中等和高依从性组的全因死亡率校正危险比分别为0.88 （95% CI: 0.66-1.17）和0.70 (95% CI: 0.49-0.98)（趋势p = 0.04）。我们没有观察到依从组和心血管事件之间的关联。结论：在一项瑞士队列研究中，高度坚持EAT-Lancet饮食与总死亡率降低30%的潜在风险相关。然而，没有发现EAT-Lancet饮食和心血管事件之间的联系。

{"title":"Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet, Incidence of Cardiovascular Events, and All-Cause Mortality: Results from a Swiss Cohort","authors":"Laís Bhering Martins , Magda Gamba , Anna Stubbendorff , Nathalie Gasser , Laura Löbl , Florian Stern , Ulrika Ericson , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Séverine Vuilleumier , Angeline Chatelan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An unhealthy diet is a major contributor to several noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Additionally, our food system has significant impacts on the environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a healthy diet that preserves global environmental resources.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This prospective study aimed to evaluate the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a Swiss cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus cohort study (<em>N</em> = 3866). Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The EAT-Lancet adherence score was calculated based on the recommended intake and reference intervals of 12 food components, ranging from 0 to 39 points. Participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-adherence groups according to score tertiles. We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to assess the association among diet adherence, incident cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a mean follow-up of 7.9 y (SD: ±2.0 y), 294 individuals (7.6%) from our initial sample experienced a first cardiovascular event, and 264 (6.8%) died. Compared with the low-adherence group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.17) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.98) for the medium-adherence and high-adherence groups, respectively (<em>P</em>-trend = 0.04). We observed no association between adherence groups and cardiovascular events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In a Swiss cohort, high adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a potential 30% lower risk of overall mortality. However, it is not associated with cardiovascular events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 483-491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictors of Stunting and Pathway Analysis for Linear Growth among Children Aged Two to Three Years after a Trial of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements and Home-Installed Growth Charts in Three Districts in Zambia 在赞比亚三个地区试用小量脂质营养补充剂和家庭安装的生长图表后，2-3 岁儿童发育迟缓的预测因素和线性生长的路径分析。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.003

Lindsey M Locks , Mpela Chembe , Tamara Billima- Mulenga , Jacqueline M Lauer , Dorothy Sizakawe , Savanna Henderson , Peter C Rockers , Doug Parkerson , Günther Fink

Background

Globally, 148 million children aged <5 y are stunted, with risk factors varying by context. Our “Impact of Growth Charts and Nutritional Supplements on Child Growth in Zambia” (ZamCharts) trial observed persistently high rates of stunting in all treatment groups after 18-mo of intervention with monthly distributions of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and/or installation of a wall-mounted growth chart in children’s homes.

Objectives

We sought to identify determinants of stunting and height-for-age z-score in children aged 27–36 mo who participated in the ZamCharts endline survey (n = 1911).

Methods

Multilevel, log-binomial models were used to estimate univariable and multivariable prevalence ratios for predictors of stunting. Multilevel models were also used to predict height-for-age z-score (HAZ) with and without baseline HAZ (assessed at ages 211 mo). We also conducted a path analysis using covariance analysis of linear structural equations to assess underlying and modifiable risk factors for impaired linear growth.

Results

Significant predictors of stunting in the multivariable model included low asset ownership, being male, using biomass as cooking fuel, lower maternal height, a mother with ≤ primary education, lower baseline HAZ, and not being randomly assigned to SQ-LNS. Significant predictors of a lower mean HAZ in the full multivariable models included all the same risk factors that predicted stunting but also living in an urban area, having ≥1 child aged <5 y in the household, and diarrhea in the previous 2 wk. The multivariable model explained 48% of variability in endline HAZ; the strongest predictor was baseline HAZ, which explained 29% of endline HAZ variability in the univariable model.

Conclusions

Preventing stunting in Zambia will require investments in early life (pre- and postnatal) determinants of growth trajectory as well as improving complementary feeding practices and addressing risk factors for infectious diseases; SQ-LNS can also improve linear growth and reduce stunting.

背景：全球有 1.48 亿 5 岁以下儿童发育迟缓，风险因素因环境而异。我们的 "赞比亚生长图表和营养补充剂对儿童生长的影响"（ZamCharts）试验观察到，在每月发放小量脂质营养补充剂（SQ-LNS）和/或在儿童家中安装壁挂式生长图表的干预措施实施 18 个月后，所有治疗组的发育迟缓率都居高不下：我们试图找出参与 ZamCharts 终端调查的 27-36 个月儿童（人数=1911）发育迟缓和身高-年龄 Z 值的决定因素：采用多层次对数二叉模型估算发育迟缓预测因素的单变量和多变量流行率。多层次模型还用于预测有基线身高-年龄 Z 值（HAZ）和无基线身高-年龄 Z 值（HAZ）（在 2-11 个月大时进行评估）的身高-年龄 Z 值（HAZ）。我们还利用线性结构方程的协方差分析进行了路径分析，以评估线性生长受损的潜在和可改变的风险因素：在多变量模型中，发育迟缓的重要预测因素包括：资产拥有率低；男性；使用生物质作为烹饪燃料；母亲身高较低；母亲的初等教育程度≤；基线 HAZ 较低，以及未随机接受 SQ-LNS 治疗。在完整的多变量模型中，平均 HAZ 值较低的重要预测因素包括所有与预测发育迟缓相同的风险因素，以及居住在城市地区、有一个以上孩子等：在赞比亚预防发育迟缓需要对生命早期（产前和产后）生长轨迹的决定因素进行投资，并改善辅食喂养方法和应对传染病的风险因素；SQ-LNS 也能改善线性生长和减少发育迟缓。

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引用次数: 0

Pasta: Is It an Unhealthy Refined Food? 意大利面：是不健康的精制食品吗？

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.019

Livia SA Augustin , Peter R Ellis , Marie-Ann Vanginkel , Gabriele Riccardi

Pasta is a low glycemic index food, an essential part of the Mediterranean diet, and is a good source of fiber. Pasta is generally made from durum wheat semolina, which comprises coarse endosperm with largely structurally intact cell walls (that is, dietary fiber), unlike finely milled wheat flour that contains fragmented endosperm cells. Yet, pasta is considered a refined carbohydrate food and classified under “unhealthy plant-based diets” despite the health benefits and lack of negative effects observed in epidemiological and clinical trial data. There is, therefore, a need to redefine dietary carbohydrates, because the current terminology is no longer sufficient to understand their structural complexity or to fully define all positive attributes.

意大利面是一种低血糖指数食物，是地中海饮食的重要组成部分，也是纤维的良好来源。意大利面通常由硬粒小麦制成，它含有粗糙的胚乳，细胞壁结构基本完整（即膳食纤维），而不像细碎的小麦粉含有破碎的胚乳细胞。然而，意大利面被认为是一种精制碳水化合物食物，被归类为“不健康的植物性饮食”，尽管在流行病学和临床试验数据中观察到它对健康有益，而且没有负面影响。因此，有必要重新定义膳食碳水化合物，因为目前的术语已经不足以理解它们的结构复杂性，也不足以完全定义所有的积极属性。

引用次数: 0

Reply to S Lv et al.

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.003

Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha, Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira, Josefina Bressan, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff

引用次数: 0

Lysine from Whole Wheat Bread Consumed by Healthy Adult Males Has High Metabolic Availability When Assessed Using the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method 使用指示剂氨基酸氧化法评估健康成年男性从全麦面包中摄取的赖氨酸的代谢利用率 1,2.

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.011

Zujaja Tul-Noor , Alyssa Paoletti , Abrar Fakiha , Paul B Pencharz , Crystal L Levesque , Ronald O Ball , Rajavel Elango , Glenda Courtney-Martin

Background

The protein quality of wheat is limited by its low content of the indispensable amino acid (AA) lysine and the metabolic availability (MA) of lysine in wheat bread for humans is unknown.

Objectives

The study objective was to determine the MA of lysine in whole wheat bread.

Methods

Five healthy young males (≤30 y, BMI <25 kg/m²) were studied in a repeated-measures design using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method, with L-[1-¹³C] phenylalanine as the indicator. Each received 7 levels of lysine intakes in random order; 4 levels of L-lysine; 5, 8, 12, and 15 mg/kg/d (reference diet), and 3 intakes of lysine from whole wheat bread (test diet). The MA of lysine in whole wheat bread was assessed by comparing the IAAO response to the test diet (whole wheat bread) with the IAAO response to the reference diet using the slope ratio method.

Results

The MA of lysine from whole wheat bread was 90%.

Conclusions

Lysine has a high MA but it is still limiting in whole wheat bread due to its low concentration. A combination of wheat with a complementary protein source (that is, lentils which are sufficient in lysine) is recommended to meet the lysine requirement in a wheat-based diet for healthy young males.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03674736 and NCT03200652.

背景：小麦的蛋白质质量因其不可或缺的氨基酸（AA）赖氨酸含量较低而受到限制，小麦面包中赖氨酸对人体的代谢可用性（MA）尚不清楚：研究目的是确定全麦面包中赖氨酸的代谢可得性：五名健康的年轻男性（≤30 岁，体重指数 13C]苯丙氨酸为指标。每人随机摄入 7 种赖氨酸；4 种 L-赖氨酸摄入量；5、8、12 和 15 mg.kg-1.d-1（参考膳食），以及 3 种全麦面包中赖氨酸的摄入量（试验膳食）。通过比较对试验膳食（全麦面包）的 IAAO 反应和对参考膳食的 IAAO 反应，使用斜率比值法评估全麦面包中赖氨酸的 MA：结果：全麦面包中赖氨酸的 MA 为 90%：结论：赖氨酸的代谢利用率很高，但由于其浓度较低，在全麦面包中仍具有限制性。建议将小麦与补充蛋白质来源（即赖氨酸含量充足的扁豆）相结合，以满足健康年轻男性对小麦膳食中赖氨酸的需求。该试验已在 clinicaltrials.gov 登记为 NCT03674736 和 NCT03200652。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of Sodium Selenite and Seleno-L-Methionine on Stress Erythropoiesis in a Murine Model of Hemolytic Anemia 亚硒酸钠和硒- l -蛋氨酸对小鼠溶血性贫血模型应激性红细胞生成的影响。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.005

Hangdi Gong , Yuting Bai , Dane Rahoi , Robert F Paulson , K Sandeep Prabhu

Background

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that exerts most biological activities through selenoproteins. Dietary selenium is a key regulator of red cell homeostasis and stress erythropoiesis. However, it is unknown whether the form and increasing doses of Se supplementation in the diet impact stress erythropoiesis under anemic conditions.

Objectives

If inorganic (sodium selenite; Na₂SeO₃) or organic [seleno-L-methionine (Se-Met)] forms of Se in different amounts (deficient, adequate, supplemented, and supranutritional) support stress erythropoiesis in anemic mice.

Methods

Three-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to graded amounts of Se in the form of <0.01 mg/kg Se [Se-deficiency (Se-D)], 0.1 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ (adequacy), 0.4 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ (supplemented), 3 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ (supranutritional), 0.4 mg/kg Se-Met (supplemented), or 3 mg/kg Se-Met (supranutritional), for 10–12 wk before intraperitoneal phenylhydrazine administration to induce hemolytic anemia. Following 3 d of phenylhydrazine injection, spleen and blood samples were used to assess the impact of form and graded amounts of Se in the diet on stress erythropoiesis.

Results

Phenotypic parameters showed that supplementing the diet with Se in the form of Na₂SeO₃ or Se-Met alleviated hemolytic anemia and promoted stress erythropoiesis by supporting the formation of erythroblastic islands. Se-Met at 0.4 mg/kg enhanced erythroid progenitor differentiation by 2-fold compared with Se-D, while Na₂SeO₃ at 0.4 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) aided monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation within erythroblastic islands. Additionally, 3 mg/kg of Se-Met triggered a stronger inflammatory response than the same dose of Na₂SeO_3.

Conclusions

While both Se-Met and Na₂SeO₃ effectively aid in stress erythropoiesis, Na₂SeO₃ supplementation effectively support stress erythropoiesis with a minimal inflammatory response, while Se-Met at supranutritional dosage lead to increased inflammation despite its support for stress erythropoiesis. These results indicate diverse mechanisms of action of Se on the alleviation of anemia by stress erythropoiesis, which should be considered for further studies to complement existing therapies.

背景：硒（Se）是一种必需的微量元素，通过硒蛋白发挥大部分生物活性。膳食硒（Se）是红细胞稳态和应激性红细胞生成的关键调节因子。然而，尚不清楚饮食中硒补充的形式和增加剂量是否会影响贫血条件下的应激性红细胞生成。目的：无机亚硒酸钠；Na2SeO3)或有机（硒- l -蛋氨酸，硒-met）形式的硒在不同浓度（缺乏、充足、补充和营养过剩）下支持贫血小鼠应激性红细胞生成。方法：将3周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠分别以2SeO3（充足）、0.4ppm Na2SeO3（补充）、3ppm Na2SeO3（营养超）、0.4ppm Se- met（补充）或3ppm Se- met（营养超）的形式，在腹腔注射苯肼（PHZ）诱导溶血性贫血前10-12周进行硒水平的分等级注射。注射phz 3天后，取脾脏和血液样本，评估日粮中硒的形态和分级水平对应激性红细胞生成的影响。结果：表型参数显示，饲粮中添加硒（Na2SeO3或Se- met）可减轻溶血性贫血，并通过支持红母细胞岛（ebi）的形成促进应激性红细胞生成。0.4 ppm的硒met促进红细胞祖细胞分化，而0.4 ppm和3 ppm的Na2SeO3有助于单核细胞募集和巨噬细胞分化。此外，3 ppm硒met比相同剂量的Na2SeO3引发更强的炎症反应。结论：Se-Met和Na2SeO3均能有效促进应激性红细胞生成，而Na2SeO3补充能有效支持应激性红细胞生成，且炎症反应最小，而硒- met营养过量虽然能促进应激性红细胞生成，但会导致炎症增加。这些结果表明硒对应激性红细胞生成减轻贫血的作用机制多种多样，值得进一步研究以补充现有的治疗方法。

{"title":"The Impact of Sodium Selenite and Seleno-L-Methionine on Stress Erythropoiesis in a Murine Model of Hemolytic Anemia","authors":"Hangdi Gong , Yuting Bai , Dane Rahoi , Robert F Paulson , K Sandeep Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that exerts most biological activities through selenoproteins. Dietary selenium is a key regulator of red cell homeostasis and stress erythropoiesis. However, it is unknown whether the form and increasing doses of Se supplementation in the diet impact stress erythropoiesis under anemic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>If inorganic (sodium selenite; Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>) or organic [seleno-L-methionine (Se-Met)] forms of Se in different amounts (deficient, adequate, supplemented, and supranutritional) support stress erythropoiesis in anemic mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to graded amounts of Se in the form of <0.01 mg/kg Se [Se-deficiency (Se-D)], 0.1 mg/kg Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> (adequacy), 0.4 mg/kg Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> (supplemented), 3 mg/kg Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> (supranutritional), 0.4 mg/kg Se-Met (supplemented), or 3 mg/kg Se-Met (supranutritional), for 10–12 wk before intraperitoneal phenylhydrazine administration to induce hemolytic anemia. Following 3 d of phenylhydrazine injection, spleen and blood samples were used to assess the impact of form and graded amounts of Se in the diet on stress erythropoiesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phenotypic parameters showed that supplementing the diet with Se in the form of Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> or Se-Met alleviated hemolytic anemia and promoted stress erythropoiesis by supporting the formation of erythroblastic islands. Se-Met at 0.4 mg/kg enhanced erythroid progenitor differentiation by 2-fold compared with Se-D, while Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> at 0.4 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) aided monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation within erythroblastic islands. Additionally, 3 mg/kg of Se-Met triggered a stronger inflammatory response than the same dose of Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3.</sub></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While both Se-Met and Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> effectively aid in stress erythropoiesis, Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> supplementation effectively support stress erythropoiesis with a minimal inflammatory response, while Se-Met at supranutritional dosage lead to increased inflammation despite its support for stress erythropoiesis. These results indicate diverse mechanisms of action of Se on the alleviation of anemia by stress erythropoiesis, which should be considered for further studies to complement existing therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 540-548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat Treatment of Bovine Milk Influences Gastric Emptying of Lactose but not its Apparent Small Intestinal Disappearance in the Growing Pig as a Model for the Adult Human 牛乳的热处理会影响乳糖的胃排空，但不会影响生长猪作为成人模型中乳糖在小肠中的明显消失。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.008

Carlos A Montoya , Dulantha Ulluwishewa , Natalie G Ahlborn , Nicole C Roy , Warren C McNabb

Background

Heat treatment influences gastric emptying of proteins and lipids in bovine milk. Whether heat treatment influences lactose gastric emptying and small intestinal lactose disappearance remains unknown.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the gastric emptying of lactose and its disappearance from the small intestine of the growing pig as a model for the adult human.

Methods

After 10 d of adaptation, fasted 9-wk-old pigs (n = 48) consumed 500 mL of pasteurized or ultra-high-temperature (UHT) bovine milk before being killed at 20, 60, 120, or 180 min post-feeding. Gastric, small, and large intestinal contents were collected to determine the gastric emptying of lactose, its apparent small intestinal disappearance, and its release into the large intestine. Portal vein blood samples were also collected to measure galactose concentration over time. Data were analyzed using nonlinear and polynomial models.

Results

The gastric emptying of lactose was faster for pigs fed pasteurized milk than those fed UHT milk (P ≤ 0.05). For example, 14 ± 2.9% and 24 ± 2.2% (mean ± standard error) of lactose, respectively, were retained in the stomach at 60 min post-feeding. The apparent small intestinal disappearance of lactose increased to 88 ± 2.4% over time, but it did not differ between milk types. Similarly, the plasma galactose concentration in the portal vein increased during the first post-feeding hour but did not differ between milk types. Lactose reached the large intestine during the first 20 min post-feeding, and the amount of lactose released into the large intestine did not change over time (523 μmol on average across post-feeding times after back transformation of 6.26 ± 0.37) or between milk types.

Conclusions

Heat treatment influenced the gastric emptying of lactose but did not impact subsequent small intestinal apparent disappearance and portal blood plasma galactose appearance.

背景：热处理会影响牛乳中蛋白质和脂质的胃排空。热处理是否会影响乳糖的胃排空和小肠乳糖的消失仍是未知数：本研究旨在确定生长猪作为成人模型的乳糖胃排空及其在小肠中的消失情况：方法：经过 10 天的适应期后，禁食的九周龄猪（48 头）饮用 500 毫升巴氏杀菌或超高温（UHT）牛乳，然后在进食后 20、60、120 或 180 分钟安乐死。收集胃、小肠和大肠内容物，以确定乳糖的胃排空、小肠明显消失和释放到大肠的情况。还采集了门静脉血液样本，以测量随时间变化的半乳糖浓度。数据采用非线性和多项式模型进行分析：结果：饲喂巴氏杀菌奶的猪比饲喂超高温杀菌奶的猪胃排空乳糖的速度更快（P ≤ 0.05）。例如，在饲喂后 60 分钟，分别有 14±2.9% 和 24±2.2%（平均值 ± 标准误差）的乳糖滞留在胃中。随着时间的推移，乳糖在小肠中的表观消失率增至 88±2.4%，但不同类型的牛奶之间并无差异。同样，门静脉中的血浆半乳糖浓度在喂食后的第一个小时内有所增加，但不同类型的牛奶之间并无差异。乳糖在喂食后的最初 20 分钟内到达大肠，释放到大肠的乳糖量并没有随着时间的推移而发生变化（喂食后各时间段的平均值为 523 μmol，反向转化后为 6.26±0.37），也没有随着牛奶种类的不同而发生变化：热处理会影响乳糖的胃排空，但不会影响随后的小肠表观消失和门静脉血浆半乳糖的出现。

{"title":"Heat Treatment of Bovine Milk Influences Gastric Emptying of Lactose but not its Apparent Small Intestinal Disappearance in the Growing Pig as a Model for the Adult Human","authors":"Carlos A Montoya , Dulantha Ulluwishewa , Natalie G Ahlborn , Nicole C Roy , Warren C McNabb","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heat treatment influences gastric emptying of proteins and lipids in bovine milk. Whether heat treatment influences lactose gastric emptying and small intestinal lactose disappearance remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the gastric emptying of lactose and its disappearance from the small intestine of the growing pig as a model for the adult human.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After 10 d of adaptation, fasted 9-wk-old pigs (<em>n =</em> 48) consumed 500 mL of pasteurized or ultra-high-temperature (UHT) bovine milk before being killed at 20, 60, 120, or 180 min post-feeding. Gastric, small, and large intestinal contents were collected to determine the gastric emptying of lactose, its apparent small intestinal disappearance, and its release into the large intestine. Portal vein blood samples were also collected to measure galactose concentration over time. Data were analyzed using nonlinear and polynomial models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The gastric emptying of lactose was faster for pigs fed pasteurized milk than those fed UHT milk (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). For example, 14 ± 2.9% and 24 ± 2.2% (mean ± standard error) of lactose, respectively, were retained in the stomach at 60 min post-feeding. The apparent small intestinal disappearance of lactose increased to 88 ± 2.4% over time, but it did not differ between milk types. Similarly, the plasma galactose concentration in the portal vein increased during the first post-feeding hour but did not differ between milk types. Lactose reached the large intestine during the first 20 min post-feeding, and the amount of lactose released into the large intestine did not change over time (523 μmol on average across post-feeding times after back transformation of 6.26 ± 0.37) or between milk types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heat treatment influenced the gastric emptying of lactose but did not impact subsequent small intestinal apparent disappearance and portal blood plasma galactose appearance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 533-539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0