Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第9页

Effects of Consumption of Fortified Complementary Food and Promotion of Responsive Feeding on the Hemoglobin and Micronutrient Status of Young Children in a Controlled, Cluster Randomized Trial in the District of Amparafaravola in Madagascar. 食用强化辅食和促进反应性喂养对马达加斯加Amparafaravola地区幼儿血红蛋白和微量营养素状况的影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101346

Yannick Razafindratsima, Andry Razakandrainy, Sonia Fortin, Rindra Randremanana, Charlotte Ralison, Christèle Icard-Vernière, Nelly Fioroni, Frank T Wieringa, Claire Mouquet-Rivier

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are a serious public health problem in early childhood in Madagascar.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of responsive feeding (RF) and the consumption of fortified complementary foods (FCFs), either alone or combined, on hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and micronutrient status of young children.

Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled intervention trial in infants (n = 706), recruited at 6-7 mo of age, was conducted. The control group received counseling on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices, whereas the 3 intervention groups received, in addition to WASH, promotion of RF, provision of daily FCF or both (FCF + RF). Hb concentrations and micronutrient status (iron, zinc, vitamin A, and thiamine) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the intervention after 9 mo, whereas anthropometry was assessed 3 times monthly. The impact of interventions was evaluated through generalized mixed models.

Results: Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency was high, with 85% of children affected by 1 or more deficiencies. Consumption of FCF increased concentrations of Hb (+5.43 g/L, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: +2.52, +8.3) and retinol-binding protein (RBP: +0.09 μmol/L; 95% CI: +0.04, +0.14). Promotion of RF had only a positive effect on RBP (RBP: +0.06 μmol/L; 95% CI: +0.01, +0.11), but surprisingly, a negative impact on iron, zinc, and thiamine status was observed. There were significant interactions between RF and FCF for most indicators of micronutrient status.

Conclusions: The study confirms the potential of FCF on improving micronutrient status of young children, but surprisingly, RF tended to have a negative impact, warranting more research into appropriate RF training modules.

Registry number: The study protocol was registered under the Pan African clinical trials registry (http://www.edctp.org/pan-african-clinical-trials-registry/) under the number PACTR201906819960554.

背景：微量营养素缺乏是马达加斯加幼儿期一个严重的公共卫生问题。目的：我们旨在评估反应性喂养（RF）和强化辅食（FCF）单独或联合使用对幼儿血红蛋白浓度和微量营养素状态的影响。方法：采用2x2因子随机对照干预试验，招募6-7月龄婴儿（n=706）。对照组接受了关于水、环境卫生和个人卫生习惯（WASH）的咨询，而三个干预组除了接受WASH之外，还接受了促进反应性喂养（RF）、提供每日强化辅食（FCF+RF）或两者兼而有（FCF+RF）。在基线和干预结束9个月后评估血红蛋白浓度和微量营养素状态（铁、锌、维生素A和硫胺素），而人体测量每3个月评估一次。通过广义混合模型评估干预措施的影响。结果：微量营养素缺乏症的发生率很高，85%的儿童有一种或多种微量营养素缺乏症。FCF的摄入增加了血红蛋白（+5.43 g/L, 95% CI: +2.52, +8.3）和视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP +0.09 μmol/L, 95% CI: +0.04, +0.14）的浓度。促进RF对RBP仅有正影响（+0.06 μmol/L, CI 95%: +0.01, +0.11），但对铁、锌和硫胺素状态有负影响。在大多数微量营养素状态指标上，RF和FCF之间存在显著的相互作用。结论：该研究证实了FCF在改善幼儿微量营养素状况方面的潜力，但令人惊讶的是，RF往往具有负面影响，需要对适当的RF训练模块进行更多的研究。注册号：PACTR201906819960554 （http://www.edctp.org/pan-african-clinical-trials-registry/）。

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引用次数: 0

Arginine Requirements for WOD188 Broilers on a Low-Protein Diet: Insights from Growth Performance and Intestine Health 低蛋白饲粮下WOD188肉鸡精氨酸需求：来自生长性能和肠道健康的启示

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101347

Yujie Li , Weiyu Li , Jianlou Song , Qiang Jiang , Wenbin Li , Zhiqiang Wang , Xiaoli Dong , Minhao Zhang , Jianmin Yuan , Yuming Guo , Zengpeng Lv

Background

The efficacy of low-protein diets, an effective approach to the high-quality protein feed shortage, relies on precisely meeting the amino acid requirements of broilers.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the arginine requirement of WOD188 broilers fed low-protein diets and to assess the effects of arginine on growth performance, intestinal function, and nitrogen metabolism.

Methods

Experiment 1: WOD188 broilers (29-d-old, male, n = 300) were randomly assigned to a normal-protein diet or 4 low-protein diets with standardized ileal digestible arginine-to-lysine ratios (SID Arg:Lys) of 96%, 107%, 118%, and 128% (6 cages/treatment, 10 broilers/cage). After 13 d, growth performance was recorded and regarded as the primary outcome for evaluating the arginine requirement. Samples of blood, breast muscle, intestine, and chyme were collected for the analysis of serum parameters, meat quality, intestinal morphology, gene/protein expression, and intestinal microbiota. Experiment 2: A total of 90 broilers (35–37-d-old) were fed the same 5 diets and collected excreta to measure nitrogen content. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and regression modeling.

Results

A dynamic requirement model for SID arginine intake (Y) was established as Y = 1.703 × BW^0.70 + 0.750 × body weight gain (BWG). The optimal growth performance and peak nitrogen utilization efficiency were achieved at SID Arg:Lys 107%–115%. Low-protein diets with arginine supplementation decreased meat pH, fecal nitrogen content, serum total protein (TP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (P < 0.05), while increasing intestinal villus height and NO concentrations (P < 0.05). It also upregulated intestinal CAT-2 mRNA expression, barrier-related protein (ZO-1/ Occludin) expression, and decreased interleukin 10 inflammatory factor concentrations (P < 0.05). The low-protein diet significantly reduced bacterial α-diversity (ACE and Chao1 index, P < 0.05), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analysis further identified Lactobacillus as key biomarkers LDA score > 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study established the dynamic arginine requirement model of WOD188 broilers fed the low-protein diet. Dietary arginine enhanced growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, while improving intestinal microbiota composition, barrier, and transport function, ultimately elevating nitrogen utilization efficiency.

背景：低蛋白饲粮能否准确满足肉鸡对氨基酸的需求，是解决优质蛋白质饲料短缺的有效途径。目的：研究低蛋白饲粮对WOD188肉仔鸡精氨酸的需用量，探讨精氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、肠道功能和氮代谢的影响。方法：试验1：选取WOD188肉鸡（29日龄，雄性，n=300），随机分为标准回肠可消化精氨酸与赖氨酸比值（SID Arg:Lys）分别为96%、107%、118%和128%的正常蛋白质饲粮和4种低蛋白质饲粮（6个笼/处理，10只鸡/笼）。13 d后，记录生长性能，并以此作为评价精氨酸需要量的主要指标。采集血液、胸肌、肠道和食糜样本，分析血清参数、肉质、肠道形态、基因/蛋白表达和肠道菌群。试验2:90只肉鸡（35 ~ 37日龄）饲喂相同的5种饲粮，收集粪便测定氮含量。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和回归模型。结果：建立SID精氨酸摄食量(Y)动态需要量模型，Y=1.703×BW0.70+0.750×BWG。SID：赖氨酸水平为107% ~ 115%，达到最佳生长性能和氮利用效率峰值。低蛋白饲粮中添加精氨酸降低了肉品pH、粪便氮含量、血清总磷和尿素氮水平（P < 0.05），提高了肠绒毛高度和NO水平（P < 0.05）。上调肠道CAT-2 mRNA表达和屏障相关蛋白（ZO-1/ Occludin）表达，降低IL-10炎症因子水平（P < 0.05）。低蛋白饲粮显著降低了细菌α-多样性（ACE和Chao1指数，P < 0.05）， LEfSe分析进一步确定乳酸菌为关键生物标志物（LDA评分> 2.0，fdr校正P < 0.05）。结论：本研究建立了低蛋白饲粮WOD188肉鸡精氨酸需求动态模型。饲粮精氨酸提高了生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质，同时改善了肠道菌群组成、屏障和转运功能，最终提高了氮的利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

The Hepatic Transcriptomes of Two Mouse Models of Liver Fibrosis Reveal Shared Molecular Patterns Associated with a Common Dysregulation of Folate Metabolism 两种肝纤维化小鼠模型的肝脏转录组揭示了与叶酸代谢失调相关的共同分子模式。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101349

Robin P da Silva , Brandon J Eudy

Background

Dysregulated one-carbon metabolism occurs in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and in models of liver fibrosis, but two fibrosis models display opposing methylation cycle profiles, which has been a point of confusion. Broader changes in one-carbon related metabolism and the consequent impact on transcriptional events have not been fully explored.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify common metabolic and transcriptional profiles in methionine and choline deficient (MCD) and glycine N-methyltransferase knockout (GNMTKO) mice to help us understand molecular mechanisms that contribute to hepatic fibrosis.

Methods

Eight-wk-old male GNMTKO (C57BL6J background) and control mice were fed AIN-76 based diet (24% casein, 60% sucrose/starch, and 5% fat) for 8 wk (n = 5–6). Ten-wk-old male C57BL6J mice were fed amino acid-defined diet (based on AIN-76) with or without sufficient methionine and choline (65% sucrose/starch, 15% defined amino acid, and 10% fat) for 5 wk (n = 6). We characterized the expression of folate metabolic enzymes, measured the amino acid content in plasma and liver, performed targeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing in liver to compare metabolite and transcriptional profiles.

Results

We measured an 11-fold increase (P = 0.0067) in MTHFD1L1 and 2.8-fold (P = 0.013) MTHFS expression in liver of GNMTKO mice, matching results from our previous study in MCD mice. Liver mitochondria from GNMTKO mice had a 2-fold (P = 0.0423) higher capacity for oxidation of one-carbon units. We find common regulation of xenobiotic/metabolic sensors, growth, immune, and inflammatory pathways in our transcriptomic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student’s t-test with Welch’s correction, and RNA sequencing data were analyzed using the method of Benjamini-Hochberg.

Conclusions

We identify a common dysregulation in folate metabolism in two widely used rodent models of liver fibrosis and highlight the consequent metabolic disturbances. Analysis of hepatic transcriptional profiles of MCD and GNMTKO mice reveals novel association of the transcriptional regulators STAT5b, AhR, and ARNT with liver fibrosis.

背景：单碳代谢失调发生在代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）和肝纤维化模型中，但两种纤维化模型显示相反的甲基化周期谱，这一直是一个困惑点。单碳相关代谢的更广泛变化及其对转录事件的影响尚未得到充分探讨。目的：鉴定蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏（MCD）和甘氨酸n -甲基转移酶敲除（GNMTKO）小鼠的共同代谢和转录谱，以帮助我们了解导致肝纤维化的分子机制。方法：8周龄雄性GNMTKO （C57BL6J背景）和对照小鼠分别饲喂以AIN-76为基础的饲粮（24%酪蛋白，60%蔗糖/淀粉，5%脂肪）8周（n=5 ~ 6）。10周龄雄性C57BL6J小鼠饲喂氨基酸限定日粮（以AIN-76为基础），添加或不添加足够的蛋氨酸和胆碱（65%蔗糖/淀粉，15%规定氨基酸，10%脂肪）5周（n=6）。我们表征叶酸代谢酶的表达，测量血浆和肝脏的氨基酸含量，在肝脏中进行靶向代谢组学和RNA测序，以比较代谢物和转录谱。结果：我们检测到GNMTKO小鼠肝脏中MTHFD1L1表达增加了11倍（p=0.0067）， MTHFS表达增加了2.8倍（p=0.013），与我们之前在MCD小鼠中的研究结果相匹配。GNMTKO小鼠的肝脏线粒体氧化单碳单元的能力增加了2倍（p=0.0423）。我们在转录组学分析中发现了异种/代谢传感器、生长、免疫和炎症途径的共同调控。采用Welch校正的unpaired student t检验进行统计分析，RNA测序数据采用Benjamini-Hochberg法进行分析。结论：我们在两种广泛使用的啮齿动物肝纤维化模型中发现了叶酸代谢的共同失调，并强调了随之而来的代谢紊乱。MCD和GNMTKO小鼠的肝脏转录谱分析揭示了转录调节因子STAT5b、AhR和ARNT与肝纤维化的新关联。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary Ethanolamine Increases Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet 饲粮乙醇胺增加高脂饲料小鼠肝脏脂质积累。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101348

Courtney M Holdaway , Amy Vo , Kelly-Ann Leonard , Randal Nelson , Aducio Thiesen , Yi Fan , Camila S Marcolla , Robin D Clugston , Benjamin P Willing , Rene L Jacobs

Background

Ethanolamine (Etn), a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), may alter hepatic lipid homeostasis and gut health; its dietary effects remain undefined.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Etn on lipid and glucose metabolism and liver/gut health in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice, complemented by in vitro hepatocyte assays.

Methods

Ten-wk-old C57BL/6 mice (20 male, 18 female) were fed ad libitum HFD (45% energy from fat) with [Ethanolamine supplementation (ES-group)] or without (CON-group) Etn (8 g/kg diet) for 10 wk. Outcomes included body/liver weight, glucose tolerance test (GTT) results, plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC)/cholesteryl ester (CE)/triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, hepatic TG/PC/PE concentrations, hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, and inflammation markers, jejunal morphology/barrier/inflammation genes, and fecal microbiota (α/β diversity). HuH7 cells received 20 μM or 5 mM Etn to assess TG/PC/PE synthesis. Statistics: repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (GTT), t-test or Wilcoxon (other endpoints), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (β diversity); α=0.05.

Results

ES increased hepatic TG in females by 230% compared with CON (P = 0.001), and trended higher in males (P = 0.054); hepatic PC and PE masses were unchanged. In ES males, GTT area under the curve decreased by 22.6% (P = 0.037), and plasma PC, CE, and TG were reduced by: PC −16.6%, CE −24.5%, TG −25.9%, respectively (all P < 0.05). ES males showed higher hepatic Tnf and Cd68 and increased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) (all P < 0.05). In vitro, Etn did not alter hepatocellular TG, PC, or PE synthesis (all P > 0.05). Female ES mice exhibited altered fecal β-diversity (PERMANOVA P = 0.006) with early jejunal inflammatory signals (Tnf ↑; P = 0.055).

Conclusions

Dietary Etn modifies hepatic lipid storage and gut microbiota in a sex-dependent manner and improves glucose tolerance in males, whereas in vitro data indicate no direct effect on hepatocyte lipid synthesis.

背景：乙醇胺（Etn）是磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）的前体，可能改变肝脏脂质稳态和肠道健康；它对饮食的影响尚不明确。目的：通过体外肝细胞实验，研究高脂饮食（HFD）小鼠饲粮中Etn对脂质和葡萄糖代谢及肝脏/肠道健康的影响。方法：选用10周龄C57BL/6小鼠（公20只，母18只），在加（ES）或不加（CON） Etn （8 g/kg日粮）的情况下，随意饲喂HFD（45%脂肪能量）10周。结果包括体/肝质量、糖耐量（GTT）、血浆PC/CE/TG、肝脏TG/PC/PE、肝脏er应激和炎症标志物、空肠形态/屏障/炎症基因和粪便微生物群（α/β多样性）。HuH7细胞接受20 μM或5 mM Etn，以评估TG/PC/PE的合成。统计学：重复测量方差分析（GTT）， t检验或Wilcoxon（其他终点），PERMANOVA （β多样性）；α= 0.05。结果：ES使女性的肝脏TG比CON增加了230% (p = 0.001)，并且在男性中有更高的趋势（p = 0.054）；肝脏PC和PE肿块未见变化。es组GTT AUC降低22.6% (p = 0.037)，血浆PC、CE、TG分别降低PC - 16.6%、CE - 24.5%、TG - 25.9%（均p < 0.05）。ES男性肝脏Tnf、Cd68升高，CHOP蛋白升高（均p < 0.05）。在体外，Etn没有改变肝细胞TG、PC或PE合成（均p < 0.05）。雌性ES小鼠表现出粪便β多样性的改变（PERMANOVA p = 0.006），伴有早期空肠炎症信号（Tnf↑；p = 0.055）。结论：膳食Etn以性别依赖的方式改变肝脏脂质储存和肠道微生物群，并改善男性的葡萄糖耐量，而体外数据显示对肝细胞脂质合成没有直接影响。

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引用次数: 0

High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Alters Tissue-Specific Vitamin D Metabolite Distribution in Mice During Pregnancy. 大剂量补充维生素D改变妊娠期小鼠组织特异性维生素D代谢物分布。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101345

Iskander Lc Shadid, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Bruce D Levy, Scott T Weiss, Hooman Mirzakhani

Background: Pregnancy is a major modifier of vitamin D metabolism, which is suggested to serve an immunomodulatory role, support placental function, and aid fetal development. However, little is known about local tissue concentrations of vitamin D metabolites following supplementation during gestation.

Objectives: We aimed to quantify intracellular concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25[OH]D) and the bioactive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25[OH]₂D) across tissues following vitamin D supplementation and to determine how this distribution is altered during gestation in mice.

Methods: Forty nulliparous female C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice were fed a semipurified diet supplemented with either a normal (1000 IU/kg) or high-dose (6000 IU/kg) vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) for 4 wk. Thirty females were mated with 10 diet-matched C57BL/6 males, whereas 10 females served as nonpregnant controls. Maternal serum, lung, liver, kidney, and placental tissue and fetal samples were collected at gestational day 18.5. Concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry and compared between groups using t tests in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).

Results: High-dose vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D (calcidiol) across all groups, with a clear dose response. Serum 1,25(OH)₂D (calcitriol) concentrations were substantially increased in pregnant compared with nonpregnant females (mean difference: 74 pg/mL for control dose, P < 0.05 and 65 pg/mL for high dose, P = 0.1). Tissue analysis revealed the lungs as important targets of 25(OH)D accumulation, with significantly higher concentrations than liver tissue in nonpregnant (mean difference: 27 ng/g, P < 0.05) mice. Pregnancy induced notable shifts in vitamin D metabolite distribution, including reduced serum 25(OH)D concentrations and enhanced renal conversion to serum 1,25(OH)₂D. Despite high placental accumulation of 25(OH)D, fetal 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in the high-dose group (mean difference: -2.6 ng/g, P < 0.05), suggesting a protective saturation mechanism. High-dose vitamin D supplementation was well tolerated without any adverse gestational events.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pregnancy results in a redistribution of vitamin D metabolites in tissues, with the kidneys and placenta playing central roles. This distribution is responsive to prenatal vitamin D supplementation; however, under supraphysiological maternal dosing, fetal 25(OH)D uptake may be decreased.

背景：妊娠是维生素D代谢的主要改变因素，维生素D可能具有免疫调节作用，支持胎盘功能，促进胎儿发育。然而，对妊娠期间补充维生素D代谢物后的局部组织浓度知之甚少。目的：我们旨在量化补充维生素D后组织中25-羟基维生素D （25[OH]D3）和生物活性1,25-二羟基维生素D （1,25[OH]2D3）的细胞内浓度，并确定这种分布在小鼠妊娠期间是如何改变的。方法：40只未生育雌性C57BL/6（野生型）小鼠在半纯化饲料中添加正常（1,000 IU/kg）或高剂量（6,000 IU/kg）维生素D3，饲喂4周。30只雌性与10只饮食匹配的C57BL/6雄性交配，10只雌性作为未怀孕的对照组。于妊娠第18.5天采集母体血清、肺、肝、肾、胎盘组织及胎儿标本。采用高压液相色谱和串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定25-羟基维生素D （25[OH]D）和1,25[OH]2D3的浓度，并在r中使用t检验比较各组之间的差异。结果：高剂量维生素D补充增加了所有组的血清25(OH)D，并具有明显的剂量反应。孕妇血清1,25(OH)2D浓度显著高于非孕妇（对照组平均差异为74 pg/mL， p < 0.05，高剂量组平均差异为65 pg/mL， p = 0.1）。组织分析显示，肺是25(OH)D积累的重要目标，其浓度显著高于未妊娠小鼠的肝组织（平均差异27 ng/g， p < 0.05）。妊娠引起维生素D代谢物分布的显著变化，包括降低血清25(OH)D浓度和增强肾脏向血清125 (OH)2D的转化。尽管胎盘中25(OH)D积累较高，但高剂量组胎儿25(OH)D浓度显著降低（平均差值-2.6 ng/g, p < 0.05），提示存在保护性饱和机制。大剂量维生素D补充耐受良好，无任何不良妊娠事件。结论：我们的研究结果表明，怀孕导致组织中维生素D代谢物的重新分配，肾脏和胎盘起着核心作用。这种分布对产前补充维生素D有反应；然而，在超生理剂量下，胎儿的25(OH)D摄取可能会减少。

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引用次数: 0

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improves Pulmonary Function and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: a Meta-Analysis 补充Omega-3脂肪酸可改善危重患者的肺功能和临床结果：一项荟萃分析

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101351

Ming-yuan Wu , Xin Wang , Jian-zheng Cai , Ting Liu , Yu-yu Wang , Yun-xia Wang , Chen-xi Xu

Background

Although several studies have examined the relationship between omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids and pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, their findings remain mixed and inconclusive, and additional research is warranted.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods

We searched 5 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify randomized controlled trials involving critically ill adults who received ω-3 fatty acids. Both enteral and parenteral routes of administration were included. Effect estimates were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I² statistic.

Results

The analysis included 29 studies involving 2551 critically ill patients. The ω-3 fatty acids intervention significantly increased EPA and DHA levels. For inflammatory and immune markers, it increased CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, and decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. For pulmonary function, it increased PaO₂, SaO₂, and PaO₂/FiO₂, and decreased airway resistance, positive end expiratory pressure, and lactate levels. For clinical outcomes, it significantly shortened mechanical ventilation days [mean difference: −1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.54, −0.09; P = 0.04] and length of hospitalization (mean difference: −3.96; 95% CI: −7.83, −0.09; P = 0.04). Both enteral and parenteral supplementation with ω-3 could reduce CRP levels, shorten hospital stay, and improve the oxygenation index. Besides, ω-3 via enteral nutrition also increases PaO₂ and shortens mechanical ventilation days.

Conclusions

In critically ill patients, ω-3 fatty acids may improve fatty acid concentrations, modulate immune regulation, enhance pulmonary function, and be associated with improved clinical outcomes.

背景：虽然有几项研究调查了omega-3脂肪酸与危重患者肺功能和临床结局之间的关系，但研究结果仍然是混合的和不确定的，需要进一步的研究。目的：本研究旨在评估omega-3脂肪酸对危重患者肺功能和临床结局的影响。方法：我们检索了5个数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、EBSCO和CENTRAL），以确定涉及接受omega-3脂肪酸治疗的危重成人的随机对照试验。包括肠内和肠外给药途径。使用固定效应或随机效应模型汇总效果估计，并使用I2统计量评估研究之间的异质性。结果：纳入29项研究，共2551例危重患者。omega-3脂肪酸干预显著提高了EPA和DHA水平。对于炎症和免疫标志物，它增加CD4+ T淋巴细胞，CD4+/CD8+比值，降低CRP水平。对于肺功能，它增加了PaO2、SaO2和PaO2/FiO2，降低了气道阻力、PEEP和乳酸水平。临床结果方面，它显著缩短了机械通气天数（MD, -1.31; 95% CI, [-2.54, -0.09]; P = 0.04）和住院时间（MD, -3.96; 95% CI, [-7.83, -0.09]; P = 0.04）。肠内和肠外补充Omega-3均可降低CRP水平，缩短住院时间，改善氧合指数。此外，Omega-3经EN也增加了PaO2，缩短了机械通气天数。结论：在危重患者中，omega-3脂肪酸可能改善脂肪酸浓度，调节免疫调节，增强肺功能，并与改善临床结果相关。

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引用次数: 0

Factors Associated with Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years: Analysis of the 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey 与10-19岁青少年贫血、缺铁和缺铁性贫血相关的因素：2020年布基纳法索国家微量营养素调查分析

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101315

Aatekah Owais , Karim Bougma , Kimberley P Bouckaert , Estelle Bambara , Souleymane Tirogo , Roelinda Jongstra , Carine Mapango , Nicole D Ford , Maria Elena D Jefferds

Background

Anemia remains a significant health problem among Burkinabé adolescents aged 10–19 y. However, population-based information on its correlates remains limited.

Objectives

This study assessed the burden of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and factors associated with these outcomes among Burkinabé adolescents.

Methods

We used data from 689 boys and 724 girls who participated in the nationally representative (except Sahel region), population-based 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey to conduct hierarchical logistic multivariable regression identifying underlying, immediate, and biological factors associated with adolescent anemia, ID, and IDA, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results

Anemia prevalence was 31% among boys and 29% among girls. Prevalences of ID and IDA were 20% and 10%, respectively, among boys, and 24% and 12%, respectively, among girls. From the underlying factors assessed, household wealth was associated with all 3 outcomes in boys. Among immediate factors, older age (14–19 y) was associated with all 3 outcomes for girls. ID and recent malaria infection were also associated with higher odds of anemia in both populations, whereas vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of anemia among boys, as well as higher odds of ID and IDA for girls.

Conclusions

Anemia, ID, and IDA etiology among Burkinabé adolescents is multifactorial, with complex relationships involving household and individual characteristics, as well as biological factors. A multisectoral approach to adolescent-focused policies and programs, in addition to direct nutrition interventions, may be effective in reducing anemia, ID, and IDA among adolescents.

背景：在布基纳法索10-19岁的青少年中，贫血仍然是一个重要的健康问题。然而，以人口为基础的相关信息仍然有限。目的：本研究评估了布基纳法索青少年贫血、缺铁（ID）和缺铁性贫血（IDA）的负担，以及与这些结果相关的因素。方法：我们使用参加全国代表性（萨赫勒地区除外）的689名男孩和724名女孩的数据，以人口为基础的2020年布基纳法索国家微量营养素调查，进行分层logistic多变量回归，确定与青少年贫血、ID和IDA相关的潜在、直接和生物因素，统计学意义设置为P < 0.05。结果：男孩和女孩的贫血患病率分别为31%和29%。男孩的ID和IDA患病率分别为20%和10%，女孩的患病率分别为24%和12%。从评估的潜在因素来看，家庭财富与男孩的所有三个结果都有关。在直接因素中，年龄较大（14-19岁）与女孩的所有3种结果有关。缺乏症和最近的疟疾感染也与两种人群中较高的贫血几率有关，而维生素A缺乏与男孩中较高的贫血几率有关，女孩中缺乏症和IDA的几率也较高。结论：布基纳法索青少年贫血、ID和IDA的病因是多因素的，涉及家庭和个人特征以及生物学因素的复杂关系。除了直接的营养干预措施外，针对青少年的多部门政策和规划可能会有效减少青少年贫血、缺血症和缺血症。

{"title":"Factors Associated with Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years: Analysis of the 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey","authors":"Aatekah Owais , Karim Bougma , Kimberley P Bouckaert , Estelle Bambara , Souleymane Tirogo , Roelinda Jongstra , Carine Mapango , Nicole D Ford , Maria Elena D Jefferds","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anemia remains a significant health problem among Burkinabé adolescents aged 10–19 y. However, population-based information on its correlates remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the burden of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and factors associated with these outcomes among Burkinabé adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from 689 boys and 724 girls who participated in the nationally representative (except Sahel region), population-based 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey to conduct hierarchical logistic multivariable regression identifying underlying, immediate, and biological factors associated with adolescent anemia, ID, and IDA, with statistical significance set at <em>P</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Anemia prevalence was 31% among boys and 29% among girls. Prevalences of ID and IDA were 20% and 10%, respectively, among boys, and 24% and 12%, respectively, among girls. From the underlying factors assessed, household wealth was associated with all 3 outcomes in boys. Among immediate factors, older age (14–19 y) was associated with all 3 outcomes for girls. ID and recent malaria infection were also associated with higher odds of anemia in both populations, whereas vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of anemia among boys, as well as higher odds of ID and IDA for girls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anemia, ID, and IDA etiology among Burkinabé adolescents is multifactorial, with complex relationships involving household and individual characteristics, as well as biological factors. A multisectoral approach to adolescent-focused policies and programs, in addition to direct nutrition interventions, may be effective in reducing anemia, ID, and IDA among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 3","pages":"Article 101315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muscle Recovery and Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis after Damaging Exercise with Recombinant Bovine β-Lactoglobulin, Dairy-Derived Whey or Carbohydrate Supplementation in Young Healthy Adults. 重组牛β-乳球蛋白、乳源性乳清或碳水化合物对年轻健康成人损伤性运动后肌肉恢复和肌原纤维蛋白合成的影响

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101321

Lucy M Rogers, Marie Korzepa, Archie E Belfield, Jonathan I Quinlan, Gareth A Wallis, Leigh Breen

Background: Supplementation with recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin (rBLG), a precision-engineered mimetic of dairy-derived whey, supports similar resistance exercise (RE) training-induced muscle remodeling to whey protein (WHEY). However, the influence of rBLG on recovery indices and muscle protein synthesis rates after damaging exercise is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the influence of rBLG supplementation on indices of muscle recovery and integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (iMyoPS) over 72 h following damaging RE, compared with WHEY and a carbohydrate placebo.

Methods: In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design, 27 healthy adults consuming a controlled diet (∼0.9 g/kg body mass/d of protein) were supplemented thrice daily with 0.3 g/kg body mass of rBLG, WHEY, or isocaloric carbohydrate placebo for 3 d following an acute bout of damaging lower-body RE (8 × 10 maximal, unilateral, eccentric knee extensions). Consumption of deuterated water combined with serial vastus lateralis muscle biopsies permitted the measurement of iMyoPS 72 h before (habitual) and after RE. Knee extensor maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle soreness, and plasma concentrations of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assessed post-RE to characterize muscle recovery.

Results: iMyoPS fractional synthetic rate (%/d) increased following damaging RE (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between groups. Knee extensor MVC decreased, and subjective muscle soreness and plasma LDH concentrations increased following strenuous exercise (P < 0.05 for all) with no significant differences between groups.

Conclusions: At habitual dietary protein intakes ∼0.9 g/kg body mass/d, further rBLG or WHEY supplementation did not influence muscle recovery or iMyoPS rates, suggesting that protein supplementation, at the intakes studied, may have limited efficacy as a tool to enhance muscle recovery and remodeling from damaging exercise.

背景：补充重组牛β-乳球蛋白（rBLG），一种精确的乳源乳清模拟物，支持与乳清蛋白（whey）相似的阻力运动（RE）训练诱导的肌肉重塑。然而，rBLG对损伤性运动后恢复指标和肌肉蛋白质合成率的影响尚不清楚。方法：在随机双盲、安慰剂对照、平行组设计中，27名健康成人在急性下肢RE发作（8 × 10次最大、单侧、偏心膝关节伸展）后，每天3次补充0.3 g·kg体重-1的rBLG、乳清或等热量碳水化合物安慰剂（CHO），控制饮食（~ 0.9 g·kg体重-1·d-1蛋白质）。消耗氘水（D2O）结合连续的股外侧肌活检，可以在RE之前（习惯性）和之后的72小时内测量综合肌纤维蛋白合成（iMyoPS）。膝关节伸肌最大自愿收缩（MVC）、肌肉酸痛、肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的血浆浓度也在RE后进行评估，以表征肌肉恢复。结果：损伤性RE后，iMyoPS FSR（%·d-1）增加(p结论：在习惯性膳食蛋白质摄入量为0.9 g·kg体重-1·d-1时，进一步补充rBLG或乳清蛋白不会影响肌肉恢复或iMyoPS率，这表明在研究的摄入量下，蛋白质补充作为增强肌肉恢复和损伤性运动重塑的工具可能效果有限。

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引用次数: 0

An Overnight, 8-Hour Low Oxygen Exposure Increases Energy Expenditure with No Effect on Energy Intake: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Crossover Study 一项随机、假对照、交叉研究：夜间8小时低氧暴露会增加能量消耗，但对能量摄入没有影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101319

Paul A Baker , Alexandria N Long , M Alan Dawson , Claire E Berryman

Background

Extended exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude induces negative energy balance through elevations in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and decreases in energy intake. It is unknown if an overnight bout of normobaric hypoxic (NH) exposure at sea level induces similar changes in energy balance and associated mechanisms.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a single overnight exposure to NH on RMR, heart rate (HR) variability (HRV), appetite, and energy intake compared with an overnight exposure to normobaric normoxia (NN) in normal-weight adults.

Methods

In this randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study, 20 adults (22.7 ± 1.7 kg/m², 24.5 ± 3.9 y) slept 8 h in a tent maintained at either ∼15% (∼2640 m elevation) or ∼20% oxygen (∼305m elevation). The following morning, HRV was measured inside the tent using electrocardiography; RMR was measured outside the tent using indirect calorimetry; and energy intake and subjective appetite were assessed outside the tent with an ad libitum breakfast buffet and visual analog scales, respectively.

Results

Overnight peripheral oxygen saturation was lower in NH (mean ± SD: 88.2% ± 2.3%) compared with NN (96.2% ± 0.9%; P-condition < 0.0001). Root mean square of successive RR interval difference and high frequency activity, markers of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, were lower after NH (47.7 ± 19.5 ms and 524 ± 335 ms², respectively) compared with NN (58.3 ± 22.6 ms, P-condition = 0.034 and 748 ± 476 ms², P-condition = 0.052, respectively). HR was greater in NH (61.3 ± 7.4 bpm) compared with NN (56.2 ± 7.6 bpm; P-condition < 0.0001). RMR was elevated in NH (1.07 ± 0.18 kcal/min) compared with NN (1.04 ± 0.13 kcal/min; P-condition = 0.018). Appetite and energy intake did not differ between conditions (P-condition > 0.05).

Conclusions

One-night exposure to NH reduced PNS activity, increased HR and RMR, and had no impact on energy intake or appetite when compared with NN exposure.

This trial is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ as NCT04151927.

背景：在高海拔地区长期暴露于低气压缺氧，通过静息代谢率（RMR）的升高和能量摄入的减少导致负能量平衡。目前尚不清楚一夜的海平面常压缺氧（NH）暴露是否会引起能量平衡和相关机制的类似变化。目的：确定与正常体重成人夜间暴露于正压正氧环境（NN）相比，夜间暴露于NH对RMR、心率变异性（HRV）、食欲和能量摄入的影响。方法：在这项随机、单盲、假对照、交叉研究中，20名成年人（22.7±1.7kg/m2, 24.5±3.9y）在维持15%（海拔2640米）或20%氧气（海拔305米）的帐篷中睡眠8小时。第二天早上，在帐篷内用心电图测量HRV；在帐篷外用间接量热法测量RMR；在帐篷外分别用自助早餐和视觉模拟量表评估能量摄入和主观食欲。结果：夜间外周血氧饱和度（平均值±SD: 88.2±2.3%）低于非神经损伤组（96.2±0.9%,p-condition2），低于非神经损伤组（58.3±22.6ms, p-condition=0.034; 748±476ms2, p-condition=0.052）。NH组心率（61.3±7.4 bpm）高于NN组（56.2±7.6 bpm; p-condition0.05）。结论：与神经网络暴露相比，一晚暴露于NH降低了PNS活动，增加了HR和RMR，并且对能量摄入或食欲没有影响。该试验在https://clinicaltrials.gov/注册为NCT04151927。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on "Energy Drinks-Trend or Awareness Choice? A Mini-Review". “能量饮料——趋势还是意识的选择？”原子力”。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101317

Meer M Abdulkarim, Berun A Abdalla, Fahmi H Kakamad

引用次数: 0