Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Another Disease, Another Utility of Vitamin D.","authors":"Olivia Zb Ginnard","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gut Microbiota from Patients with Uremia on Body Weight and Microinflammation in Rats.","authors":"Yong-Zhan Liu, Xiang-Fei Cui, Si-Yu Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut dysbiosis is associated with malnutrition and inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the causality remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether fecal microbiota from patients with stage 5 CKD can directly induce nutritional impairment and inflammatory responses in recipient rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal microbiota from patients with stage 5 CKD and healthy controls were transplanted into rats treated with antibiotics. After 2 wk, we assessed nutritional parameters, inflammatory markers, and microbial composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the healthy-fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) group, rats receiving CKD-derived microbiota exhibited a significant reduction in body weight (466.70 ± 12.60 g compared with 433.90 ± 20.10 g) and serum albumin concentrations (22.87 ± 5.43 g/L compared with 20.36 ± 7.51 g/L). In contrast, serum inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in the CKD-FMT group, including C-reactive protein (12.10 ± 3.10 compared with 15.40 ± 5.00 mg/L) and interleukin-6 (14.30 ± 1.80 compared with 18.80 ± 2.10 pg/L) (all P < 0.01). Microbial analysis revealed enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae and depletion of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide direct evidence that gut microbiota from patients with uremia can impair nutritional status and aggravate systemic inflammation in recipient rats, underscoring a pathogenic role of dysbiosis in CKD complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor - \"Relevant Factors For the Cardiovascular Responses to Dietary Nitrate and Nitrite\".","authors":"Macario A Rebelo, Jose E Tanus-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyrate Consolidates the Positive Effects of the Mannose–Cetobacterium Axis in Improving Liver and Intestinal Health of High-Fat Diet–Fed Zebrafish","authors":"Delong Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhu ,&nbsp;Tsegay Teame ,&nbsp;Benjamin Earl Niemann ,&nbsp;Ran Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Ran ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Qianwen Ding ,&nbsp;Yalin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intestinal and liver damage induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) is a major problem in farmed fish. <em>Cetobacterium somerae</em> is a native beneficial bacterium to many fish species, including zebrafish, a model animal for nutrition studies of economically important fish species.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms how mannose and tributyrin affect the growth of <em>C. somerae</em> and its role in ameliorating HFD-induced liver and intestinal damage, and gut microbiota dysbiosis of zebrafish.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One-month-old zebrafish were fed for 4 wk with Control (5.77% fat), HFD (14.64% fat), or HFD supplemented with 1.0% mannose (experiment 1) and 0.1% tributyrin (experiment 2). Then, a combination treatment of mannose and tributyrin was tested with an HFD and compared their effects with the previous single additive groups (experiment 3). Finally, the effects of <em>Cetobacterium</em> and <em>Plesiomonas</em> on alleviating HFD-induced liver steatosis were investigated using germ-free (GF) zebrafish (experiment 4).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When <em>Cetobacterium</em> abundance was low in the gut of HFD-fed zebrafish, the prebiotic mannose could not improve the growth of <em>Cetobacterium</em> to elicit any beneficial effects. Supplementation with tributyrin created an appropriate anaerobic gut environment for <em>Cetobacterium</em> growth by upregulating the expression of the <em>hif1a</em> gene by 86.4% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The combination of mannose and tributyrin increased the abundance of <em>Cetobacterium</em> by 309.8% compared with the HFD group. In addition, the combination treatment reduced triacylglycerol, Alanine aminotransferase, and aspartic aminotransferase levels (0.61-, 0.46-, and 0.55-fold, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and improved HFD-induced liver damage. Furthermore, intestinal damage was improved as verified with a lower level of serum LPS (0.59-fold, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). After transferring <em>Cetobacterium</em> into GF zebrafish, the liver lipid accumulation caused by HFD was reduced by 10.9% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The combination of mannose and tributyrin enhanced the growth of <em>Cetobacterium</em> and its benefits in improving HFD-induced liver and intestinal damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic Effect of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies","authors":"Martha N Ofokansi ,&nbsp;Chinonyelum E Agbo ,&nbsp;Ogechukwu N Isiogugu ,&nbsp;Akachukwu M Onwuka ,&nbsp;Ikechukwu E Peter ,&nbsp;Uzochukwu E Chima ,&nbsp;Ikponmwosa J Ogieuhi ,&nbsp;Olufemi Akinmeji ,&nbsp;Chukwuemeka A Nwachuya ,&nbsp;Olumide A Noah ,&nbsp;Somtochukwu C Anierobi ,&nbsp;Mercy C Agu ,&nbsp;Kenneth C Ofokansi ,&nbsp;Chukwuemeka S Nworu ,&nbsp;Peter A Akah","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the effectiveness of conventional antidiabetic agents, limitations still remain, necessitating the use of alternative treatment options in the management of diabetes. Some preliminary studies report the antidiabetic effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). However, there is a paucity of comprehensive evidence on this.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the results of animal studies investigating C3G as an antidiabetic agent.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keywords and Boolean operators. Articles were screened for eligibility, ensuring that only animal studies reporting diabetes-related outcomes were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 6067 articles generated from the database search, 16 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. All studies used diabetic mice or rat models. Due to the variability in animal models, intervention protocols, and measured outcomes across the included studies, meta-analysis was not feasible. Across the studies, C3G administration significantly reduced serum glucose concentrations in 14 studies (87.5%) and improved glucose tolerance test in the other 2 studies compared with the untreated diabetic groups. Serum insulin concentrations decreased from ∼25–35 ng/mL to 15–17 ng/mL, and in a few cases increased modestly in insulin-deficient models, reflecting improved sensitivity to insulin. Also, C3G decreased HbA1c by 30 %–40% compared with diabetic controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>C3G shows considerable promise as an antidiabetic agent as it improved glucose, insulin, and HbA1c concentrations in animal models of diabetes. Given these encouraging findings, there is a need for more robust clinical trials to validate its antidiabetic effect and assess its superiority, inferiority, or otherwise to standard antidiabetic agents.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD420251078672.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Urolithin B Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis Correlating with Autophagy Induction and Gut Microbiota Remodeling","authors":"Jiacheng Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Li ,&nbsp;Lemei Sun,&nbsp;Bingqi Chen,&nbsp;Jing Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urolithin B (UB) is a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary ellagitannins found in foods such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. Although UB has demonstrated antitumor potential, possibly through gut microbiota modulation, its specific role and underlying mechanisms in lung cancer remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of UB on lung cancer suppression and to explore the potential involvement of autophagy and gut microbiota in these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We employed in vitro and in vivo approaches. Lung cancer cells were treated with UB at varying concentrations to assess proliferation and autophagy. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify key regulatory pathways. A tumor-bearing mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of oral UB administration, and gut microbiota changes were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UB inhibited lung cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, primarily by inducing autophagy rather than apoptosis, as evidenced by increased microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II concentrations. Transcriptomic profiling and protein analysis revealed that UB treatment was associated with a change in the status of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway, a key regulator of autophagy. In vivo, oral UB administration significantly suppressed tumor growth, enhanced autophagic activity, and modulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that UB induced an enrichment of beneficial gut bacteria, including <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Desulfovibrio</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight UB as a promising dietary-derived metabolite for lung cancer prevention and therapy. Our study suggests that UB exerts its antitumor effects in part through the induction of autophagy associated with the AMPK/mTOR pathway and concomitant modulation of the gut microbiota, emphasizing the critical role of food–gut interactions in cancer management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age in Northern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Lilia Bliznashka ,&nbsp;Fusta Azupogo ,&nbsp;Elise Reynolds ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Sonja Y Hess ,&nbsp;Joyce Kinabo ,&nbsp;Kidola Jeremiah ,&nbsp;Evangelista Malindisa ,&nbsp;Deanna K Olney ,&nbsp;Marie T Ruel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is an increasing problem among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We described WRA’s nutritional status by sociodemographic factors and assessed associations with diet quality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed baseline data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions (<em>n =</em> 2415). Diet was assessed using a quantitative 24-h recall. We calculated the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS; 0−49), with higher scores indicating healthier diet. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m²; morbid obesity as BMI ≥35 kg/m²; and central obesity as: waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm, WC ≥88 cm, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ≥0.85, waist-to-height ratio ≥0.50, and WHR ≥0.85 or BMI ≥30 kg/m². We tested associations between diet quality and nutritional status using generalized linear models controlling for age and sociodemographic factors and tested interactions to assess differential associations by age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of general obesity was 25.1%, morbid obesity 8.4%, and central obesity 48.2%–71.6% depending on the definition. Mean GDQS was 20.9 ± 3.9. General and central obesity were more prevalent among women who were older, less educated, had light physical labor occupations, were in the highest wealth quintile, and lived in more urbanized villages, and in more food-secure households. Higher GDQS was associated with lower risk of morbid obesity: risk ratio 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.00). Higher GDQS was also associated with 0.25–0.27 kg/m² lower BMI, 0.54–0.66 cm lower WC, and 0.53–0.58 cm lower hip circumference in women aged 30–49 y.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Better diet quality emerged as a protective factor for morbid obesity and for other obesity measures among women aged 30–49 y. Our study suggests that interventions to improve diet quality in Tanzania should target women in their 30s and 40s and those with lower physical activity and higher education, food security, and wealth to maximize effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Almond Supplementation Improves Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Pregnant Women with Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Jamshed Arslan ,&nbsp;Zainab Najam ,&nbsp;Hamza Abdullah ,&nbsp;Hasan Salman Siddiqi ,&nbsp;Raffat Bano ,&nbsp;Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani ,&nbsp;Humaira Jamshed","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertension and dyslipidemia during pregnancy increase risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Although almond supplementation is recognized for its cardioprotective effects in nonpregnant populations, its role during pregnancy remains underexplored despite its potential as a safe and accessible dietary intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of almond supplementation at 2 doses (10 g/d and 25 g/d) on blood pressure, lipid profile, and heart rate in pregnant women with hypertension and dyslipidemia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center, 12-wk randomized controlled trial enrolled 103 pregnant women (≥20 wk of gestation) with confirmed hypertension and/or dyslipidemia from Aga Khan Maternity Hospital, Karachi, with 46 participants meeting criteria for both conditions included in the primary analysis. Participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups: no-intervention (NI, control), 10 g/d almonds (A10), or 25 g/d almonds (A25). Primary outcomes were changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured every 4 wk. Secondary outcomes included serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, and heart rate, assessed at baseline and week 12. Data were analyzed using 1-way and 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc testing (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05 considered significant).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At week 12, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both A10 (−13.7% and −5.8%) and A25 (−18.3% and −7.9%) compared with NI (−7.4% and −1.6%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). TC, TG, and LDL levels improved dose-dependently, with the A25 group showing the greatest reductions in TC (−22.5%), TG (−33.8%), and LDL (−27.3%) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed in HDL levels or heart rate across groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Almond supplementation for 12 wk significantly improved blood pressure and lipid profile in pregnant women with hypertension and dyslipidemia, especially at the 25 g/d dose. These findings suggest that almonds may serve as an adjunct dietary strategy to manage cardiometabolic risk in pregnancy. Future trials with larger samples and longer durations are warranted to evaluate sustained benefits and long-term outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ANZCTR, (registration number: ACTRN12617001548325) and can be accessed at <span><span>https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370228&amp;isReview=true</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. (Registration date: 10/11/2017).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino Acid Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Is Blunted by Prematurity in a Piglet Model","authors":"Antonio C Ramos dos Santos ,&nbsp;Agus Suryawan ,&nbsp;Ki Beom Jang ,&nbsp;Rosemarie D Parada ,&nbsp;Mahmoud A Mohammad ,&nbsp;Marta L Fiorotto ,&nbsp;Teresa A Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm (PT) infants are at increased risk for reduced postnatal lean mass accretion. We established that the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is blunted in piglets born PT compared with those born at term.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated the extent to which key components of the amino acid–sensing pathways that regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation contribute to anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle of piglets born PT compared with those born term.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Piglets delivered by cesarean section 10 d PT (<em>n</em> = 23) or at term (<em>n</em> = 22) were administered total parenteral nutrition for 3 d. On day 4, euinsulinemic-euaminoacidemic-euglycemic (FAST group), hyperinsulinemic-euaminoacidemic-euglycemic (INS group), or euinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic-euglycemic (AA group) clamps were performed for 2 h. Abundances and activation of amino acid signaling components in skeletal muscle were analyzed by immunoblotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Abundances of amino acid transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 (leucine), SLC38A9 (arginine), and SNAT2/SLC38A2 (glutamine) were unaffected by prematurity. Sestrin1- and Sestrin2-GATOR2 abundances were reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by AA, consistent with leucine-induced dissociation of these inhibitory complexes; prematurity blunted this effect for Sestrin1-GATOR2 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). SAR1B, but not LARS-mTOR, leucine-sensor abundances were lower in PT than term animals (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). TARS2 (threonine) and RAB1A (branched-chain amino acid) sensor abundances were lower in PT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Arginine (CASTOR1-GATOR2), methionine (SAMTOR-GATOR1), and glutamine (ARF1) sensor abundances were unaffected by prematurity. AA-induced formations of RagA- and RagC-mTOR complexes were attenuated in PT compared with term piglets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Both AA and INS stimulated mTORC1 phosphorylation, but these effects were blunted by prematurity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PT birth impairs the abundance and activation of multiple amino acid–sensing components upstream of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle. This disruption attenuates amino acid–induced mTORC1-dependent translation initiation and protein synthesis and likely contributes to the anabolic resistance, reduced lean mass, and extrauterine growth faltering frequently observed in premature infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein Supplements and Protein-Containing Product Use in Ice Cream: A Review","authors":"Artur Mykhalevych ,&nbsp;Galyna Polishchuk ,&nbsp;Maciej Kluz ,&nbsp;Magdalena Buniowska-Olejnik","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for high-protein diets, driven by health-conscious consumers and global nutritional challenges, has sparked interest in fortifying popular food products such as ice cream with protein ingredients. Ice cream, a widely consumed dessert, typically offers limited nutritional value, particularly in protein content. This review provides a comprehensive overview of protein supplementation in ice cream production, focusing on functional and technological effects of conventional and emerging protein sources. The article critically evaluates milk-derived proteins, as well as underexplored alternatives including plant-based, microbial, insect-derived, and aquatic proteins. It also addresses legislative constraints, sensory and textural challenges, and formulation strategies for optimizing product quality and consumer acceptance. The integration of proteins into ice cream not only enhances its nutritional profile but also offers potential for market innovation aligned with sustainability and health trends. However, the successful incorporation of these ingredients into ice cream systems requires navigating complex challenges related to formulation performance, sensory quality, regulatory compliance, and consumer acceptance. Functional variability, sensory trade-offs, and limited industrial validation continue to hinder mainstream adoption, especially for novel protein sources. Future advances will depend on a deeper mechanistic understanding of protein behavior in multiphase frozen matrices, as well as the development of formulation strategies that reconcile nutritional value with sensory appeal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}