Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.013
Robert B Hood , Donghai Liang , Yilin Wang , Youran Tan , Irene Souter , Dean P Jones , Russ Hauser , Jorge E Chavarro , Audrey J Gaskins
Background
The profertility diet is a dietary pattern composed of nutrients and foods most consistently associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) end points in women.
Objectives
We examined the potential biological mechanisms underlying the association between adherence to a profertility diet and IVF end points using high-resolution metabolomics.
Methods
Among 120 women who underwent an autologous oocyte IVF cycle (2007–2015) in Northeast United States, we collected a serum sample during controlled ovarian stimulation and a follicular fluid sample on the day of oocyte retrieval. Women completed a food frequency questionnaire upon enrollment into the study to examine adherence to the profertility diet pattern. Liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis of biospecimens. We identified metabolic features (and enriched biological pathways) associated with the profertility diet and 2 IVF end points, live birth and clinical pregnancy, via a meet-in-the-middle approach.
Results
In the follicular fluid metabolome, vitamin D-3 metabolism was associated with adherence to the profertility diet pattern and live birth. Additionally, vitamin D-3 metabolism, vitamin B-6 metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis were associated with both adherence to the profertility diet pattern and clinical pregnancy. In the serum metabolome, only tryptophan metabolism was associated with adherence to the profertility diet pattern and live birth. We confirmed the chemical identity of a metabolite with level 1 evidence, 4-pyridoxate, which was higher in the serum and follicular fluid among women with stronger adherence to the profertility diet pattern and among women with a live birth.
Conclusions
The beneficial association between adherence to the profertility diet and IVF outcomes may be mediated through vitamin D-3 metabolism, vitamin B-6 metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis in the follicular fluid and tryptophan metabolism in the serum. These results provide new insight in the important biological pathways underlying a dietary pattern providing optimal fertility benefits to women.
{"title":"Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying the Association Between the Profertility Diet and In Vitro Fertilization End Points","authors":"Robert B Hood , Donghai Liang , Yilin Wang , Youran Tan , Irene Souter , Dean P Jones , Russ Hauser , Jorge E Chavarro , Audrey J Gaskins","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The profertility diet is a dietary pattern composed of nutrients and foods most consistently associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) end points in women.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined the potential biological mechanisms underlying the association between adherence to a profertility diet and IVF end points using high-resolution metabolomics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among 120 women who underwent an autologous oocyte IVF cycle (2007–2015) in Northeast United States, we collected a serum sample during controlled ovarian stimulation and a follicular fluid sample on the day of oocyte retrieval. Women completed a food frequency questionnaire upon enrollment into the study to examine adherence to the profertility diet pattern. Liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis of biospecimens. We identified metabolic features (and enriched biological pathways) associated with the profertility diet and 2 IVF end points, live birth and clinical pregnancy, via a meet-in-the-middle approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the follicular fluid metabolome, vitamin D-3 metabolism was associated with adherence to the profertility diet pattern and live birth. Additionally, vitamin D-3 metabolism, vitamin B-6 metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis were associated with both adherence to the profertility diet pattern and clinical pregnancy. In the serum metabolome, only tryptophan metabolism was associated with adherence to the profertility diet pattern and live birth. We confirmed the chemical identity of a metabolite with level 1 evidence, 4-pyridoxate, which was higher in the serum and follicular fluid among women with stronger adherence to the profertility diet pattern and among women with a live birth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The beneficial association between adherence to the profertility diet and IVF outcomes may be mediated through vitamin D-3 metabolism, vitamin B-6 metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis in the follicular fluid and tryptophan metabolism in the serum. These results provide new insight in the important biological pathways underlying a dietary pattern providing optimal fertility benefits to women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 559-569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.031
Shengxia Lv , Yike Wang , Linghui Tao, Yongsheng Zhang
{"title":"The Impact of Alcohol Consumption and Physical Exercise on Overweight and Gut Microbiota Deserves Attention","authors":"Shengxia Lv , Yike Wang , Linghui Tao, Yongsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 655-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. Current treatments for PD primarily focus on alleviating symptoms rather than altering the progression of the disease. The sporadic form of PD, which accounts for most cases, is thought to arise from a complex interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental factors. This review aimed to examine epidemiologic evidence regarding nutrition-related exposure factors and their associations with risk of developing PD. We proposed a tentative conclusion for each factor based on the available evidence. These associations may vary by gender and depend on dietary intake patterns and adherence. We also reviewed clinical trials on nutrition-related interventions for PD symptoms and progression. Future clinical trials may benefit from combining nutrition factors in intervention and testing within single-gender cohorts or subgroups defined by epidemiologic outcomes.
{"title":"Epidemiologic Risk and Prevention and Interventions in Parkinson Disease: From a Nutrition-Based Perspective.","authors":"Fan Zhang, Yu-Xian Liu, Yun-Yue Zhu, Qiu-Yan Yu, Samwel Sylvester Msigwa, Zhi-Hai Zeng, Xiong Zhang, Hong-Mei Wu, Jian-Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. Current treatments for PD primarily focus on alleviating symptoms rather than altering the progression of the disease. The sporadic form of PD, which accounts for most cases, is thought to arise from a complex interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental factors. This review aimed to examine epidemiologic evidence regarding nutrition-related exposure factors and their associations with risk of developing PD. We proposed a tentative conclusion for each factor based on the available evidence. These associations may vary by gender and depend on dietary intake patterns and adherence. We also reviewed clinical trials on nutrition-related interventions for PD symptoms and progression. Future clinical trials may benefit from combining nutrition factors in intervention and testing within single-gender cohorts or subgroups defined by epidemiologic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.018
Phuong Hong Nguyen , Masum Ali , Julie Ghostlaw , Lan Mai Tran , Aklima Parvin , M Mehrab Bakhtiar , Akhter U Ahmed
Background
Micronutrient deficiencies pose a significant public health challenge, yet limited evidence exists on micronutrient intakes over time in Bangladesh.
Objectives
We assessed trends and adequacies in micronutrient intakes and examined the changes in inequities by age group, sex, and expenditure quintile.
Methods
We used panel data from the 2011 and 2018 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (n = 21,475 and 21,589 household members aged 2 y or older, respectively). Food consumption data were collected using a household dietary recall. Changes in micronutrient intakes were assessed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon rank sum test. Inequities in outcomes were examined using the slope index of inequality and concentration index.
Results
Micronutrient intakes remained suboptimal across 2011 and 2018, with low adequacy (<0.50) for all nutrients except niacin. While vitamin A intake increased across various demographics, trends for other micronutrient intakes differed by age. Intakes improved for 10 micronutrients among children aged 2 to <5 y but increased for only half of the examined micronutrients among children aged 5–9 y. For adolescents and adults, most micronutrient intakes slightly declined, with greater inadequacies observed among females than those among males. Pregnant women experienced sharper declines in adequacy of micronutrient intakes than lactating women. The mean probability of adequacy (MPA) was low (around one-third) for all age groups with lower MPA among poorer than that among richer households across age, sex, and survey years. Inequity gaps in MPA mostly declined, except for females aged 50 y or older and pregnant women.
Conclusions
Micronutrient intakes and adequacies remain suboptimal and have decreased marginally over time for many nutrients and MPA across most age groups. Inequities in micronutrient intakes persist by age, sex, and income levels, disproportionately affecting the poor, adults, and women. Our study calls for evidence-based policies and programs that incorporate a range of proven approaches and tailored solutions to effectively tackle persisting inequities and ensure access to healthy diets for all.
{"title":"Trends and Inequities in Adequacy of Micronutrient Intakes in Rural Bangladesh","authors":"Phuong Hong Nguyen , Masum Ali , Julie Ghostlaw , Lan Mai Tran , Aklima Parvin , M Mehrab Bakhtiar , Akhter U Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Micronutrient deficiencies pose a significant public health challenge, yet limited evidence exists on micronutrient intakes over time in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed trends and adequacies in micronutrient intakes and examined the changes in inequities by age group, sex, and expenditure quintile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used panel data from the 2011 and 2018 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (<em>n</em> = 21,475 and 21,589 household members aged 2 y or older, respectively). Food consumption data were collected using a household dietary recall. Changes in micronutrient intakes were assessed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon rank sum test. Inequities in outcomes were examined using the slope index of inequality and concentration index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Micronutrient intakes remained suboptimal across 2011 and 2018, with low adequacy (<0.50) for all nutrients except niacin. While vitamin A intake increased across various demographics, trends for other micronutrient intakes differed by age. Intakes improved for 10 micronutrients among children aged 2 to <5 y but increased for only half of the examined micronutrients among children aged 5–9 y. For adolescents and adults, most micronutrient intakes slightly declined, with greater inadequacies observed among females than those among males. Pregnant women experienced sharper declines in adequacy of micronutrient intakes than lactating women. The mean probability of adequacy (MPA) was low (around one-third) for all age groups with lower MPA among poorer than that among richer households across age, sex, and survey years. Inequity gaps in MPA mostly declined, except for females aged 50 y or older and pregnant women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Micronutrient intakes and adequacies remain suboptimal and have decreased marginally over time for many nutrients and MPA across most age groups. Inequities in micronutrient intakes persist by age, sex, and income levels, disproportionately affecting the poor, adults, and women. Our study calls for evidence-based policies and programs that incorporate a range of proven approaches and tailored solutions to effectively tackle persisting inequities and ensure access to healthy diets for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 492-508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.001
Monica M Pasqualino , Rebecca K Campbell , Kristen M Hurley , Lee S-F Wu , Abu Ahmed Shamim , Saijuddin Shaikh , Saskia de Pee , Parul Christian
Background
Few studies have evaluated the dietary impact of complementary food supplements (CFSs) designed to deliver macro- and micronutrients to children at risk for undernutrition. In a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, we previously reported that CFSs increased children’s micronutrient adequacy.
Objectives
To longitudinally characterize energy and macronutrient intakes and inadequacies and evaluate the extent to which CFSs fill intake gaps.
Methods
Children were enrolled at 6 mo and received 1 of 4 CFSs plus caregiver nutrition counseling or counseling alone for 1 y. A semi-quantitative diet questionnaire was administered at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 mo. Energy and macronutrient intakes were estimated by age and arm; protein adequacy was adjusted for protein quality and infection. We estimated the proportion meeting intake requirements set by FAO and the Institute of Medicine and compared group-wise differences using log binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations. We used multivariate analysis of variance models to evaluate if CFSs substituted home foods.
Results
Across groups, most children did not meet energy or protein requirements at enrollment (74.6%–81.3% and 77.4%–79.2%, respectively). Estimated energy and macronutrient intakes from home foods increased from 6 to 24 mo. Energy inadequacy was lower in the supplemented groups compared with the control at all ages (e.g. 10.5%–13.8% compared with 31.4% at 18 mo). In the control group, protein inadequacy dropped from 78.4% at 6 mo to 8.3% at 9 mo to 2.8% by 18 mo; adjusted protein estimates were 25.1% at 9 mo and 7.0% at 18 mo. Protein inadequacy was the highest in the control group at all timepoints. CFSs did not substitute home foods.
Conclusions
CFSs can significantly bridge energy and protein intake gaps. With earlier trial findings that CFSs filled micronutrient gaps and improved growth, these findings strengthen evidence supporting using CFSs for improved health outcomes.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT01562379 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01562379).
{"title":"Complementary Food Supplements Fill Energy and Protein Gaps among Children with Dietary Inadequacy in a Complementary Feeding Trial in Rural Bangladesh","authors":"Monica M Pasqualino , Rebecca K Campbell , Kristen M Hurley , Lee S-F Wu , Abu Ahmed Shamim , Saijuddin Shaikh , Saskia de Pee , Parul Christian","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have evaluated the dietary impact of complementary food supplements (CFSs) designed to deliver macro- and micronutrients to children at risk for undernutrition. In a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, we previously reported that CFSs increased children’s micronutrient adequacy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To longitudinally characterize energy and macronutrient intakes and inadequacies and evaluate the extent to which CFSs fill intake gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Children were enrolled at 6 mo and received 1 of 4 CFSs plus caregiver nutrition counseling or counseling alone for 1 y. A semi-quantitative diet questionnaire was administered at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 mo. Energy and macronutrient intakes were estimated by age and arm; protein adequacy was adjusted for protein quality and infection. We estimated the proportion meeting intake requirements set by FAO and the Institute of Medicine and compared group-wise differences using log binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations. We used multivariate analysis of variance models to evaluate if CFSs substituted home foods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across groups, most children did not meet energy or protein requirements at enrollment (74.6%–81.3% and 77.4%–79.2%, respectively). Estimated energy and macronutrient intakes from home foods increased from 6 to 24 mo. Energy inadequacy was lower in the supplemented groups compared with the control at all ages (e.g. 10.5%–13.8% compared with 31.4% at 18 mo). In the control group, protein inadequacy dropped from 78.4% at 6 mo to 8.3% at 9 mo to 2.8% by 18 mo; adjusted protein estimates were 25.1% at 9 mo and 7.0% at 18 mo. Protein inadequacy was the highest in the control group at all timepoints. CFSs did not substitute home foods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CFSs can significantly bridge energy and protein intake gaps. With earlier trial findings that CFSs filled micronutrient gaps and improved growth, these findings strengthen evidence supporting using CFSs for improved health outcomes.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> with registration number NCT01562379 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01562379</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 602-611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.010
Niknaz Riazati , Reina Engle-Stone , Charles B Stephensen
Background
Immune function is affected by vitamin D status, but the optimal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration for immune function is not known.
Objectives
We hypothesized that 25(OH)D would be associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation.
Methods
We identified associations between 25(OH)D and immune markers from 361 healthy adults using polynomial regression. Linear regression was used to define the slope (β) of significant linear associations, and piecewise regression identified inflection points (IPs) for curvilinear associations with P < 0.05. IPs with a slope difference (SD) P < 0.05 before and after were significant.
Results
25(OH)D had linear, negative associations with interleukin (IL)-6 (β: −0.126; P = 0.009) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (β: −0.108; P = 0.04) and a linear, positive association with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (β: 0.108; P = 0.04). Among the significant curvilinear associations, 2 showed negative associations below but positive associations above an IP with nearly significant SD P values, including percentage of effector-memory CD8 T cells (IP: 56.2 nmol/L; SD P = 0.067) and platelet concentration (IP: 38.9 nmol/L; SD P = 0.058). The opposite associations, positive below and negative above an IP, were seen for eotaxin (IP: 49.5 nmol/L; SD P = 0.049); interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) (IP: 71.8 nmol/L; SD P = 0.02); percentage of CD4 T cells expressing programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 (IP: 71.2 nmol/L; SD P = 0.01); percentage of Tregs expressing human leukocyte antigen, DR isotype (HLA-DR) (IP: 67.5 nmol/L; SD P < 0.0001); percentage of memory Tregs (IP: 68.8 nmol/L; SD P = 0.002); and percentage of memory Tregs expressing HLA-DR (IP: 68.8 nmol/L; SD P = 0.0008).
Conclusions
These findings are consistent with low vitamin D status allowing and higher vitamin D status dampening inflammation and immune activation. IP analysis identified possible thresholds for vitamin D effects on immune function. Two of 3 IPs at ∼50 nmol/L show higher inflammation below this concentration, suggesting 50 nmol/L as a minimum target for dampening inflammation. IPs at ∼70 nmol/L identify a threshold for CD4 T-cell activity, including Treg activation and IFN-γ-driven production of the T-cell chemokine IP-10, suggesting an optimal concentration for regulating adaptive immunity.
This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.
{"title":"Association of Vitamin D Status with Immune Markers in a Cohort of Healthy Adults","authors":"Niknaz Riazati , Reina Engle-Stone , Charles B Stephensen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immune function is affected by vitamin D status, but the optimal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration for immune function is not known.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We hypothesized that 25(OH)D would be associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We identified associations between 25(OH)D and immune markers from 361 healthy adults using polynomial regression. Linear regression was used to define the slope (β) of significant linear associations, and piecewise regression identified inflection points (IPs) for curvilinear associations with <em>P</em> < 0.05. IPs with a slope difference (SD) <em>P</em> < 0.05 before and after were significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>25(OH)D had linear, negative associations with interleukin (IL)-6 (β: −0.126; <em>P</em> = 0.009) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (β: −0.108; <em>P</em> = 0.04) and a linear, positive association with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (β: 0.108; <em>P</em> = 0.04). Among the significant curvilinear associations, 2 showed negative associations below but positive associations above an IP with nearly significant SD <em>P</em> values, including percentage of effector-memory CD8 T cells (IP: 56.2 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.067) and platelet concentration (IP: 38.9 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.058). The opposite associations, positive below and negative above an IP, were seen for eotaxin (IP: 49.5 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.049); interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) (IP: 71.8 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.02); percentage of CD4 T cells expressing programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 (IP: 71.2 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.01); percentage of Tregs expressing human leukocyte antigen, DR isotype (HLA-DR) (IP: 67.5 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> < 0.0001); percentage of memory Tregs (IP: 68.8 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.002); and percentage of memory Tregs expressing HLA-DR (IP: 68.8 nmol/L; SD <em>P</em> = 0.0008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings are consistent with low vitamin D status allowing and higher vitamin D status dampening inflammation and immune activation. IP analysis identified possible thresholds for vitamin D effects on immune function. Two of 3 IPs at ∼50 nmol/L show higher inflammation below this concentration, suggesting 50 nmol/L as a minimum target for dampening inflammation. IPs at ∼70 nmol/L identify a threshold for CD4 T-cell activity, including Treg activation and IFN-γ-driven production of the T-cell chemokine IP-10, suggesting an optimal concentration for regulating adaptive immunity.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02367287.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 621-633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.012
Laís Bhering Martins , Magda Gamba , Anna Stubbendorff , Nathalie Gasser , Laura Löbl , Florian Stern , Ulrika Ericson , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Séverine Vuilleumier , Angeline Chatelan
Background
An unhealthy diet is a major contributor to several noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Additionally, our food system has significant impacts on the environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a healthy diet that preserves global environmental resources.
Objectives
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a Swiss cohort.
Methods
We analyzed data from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus cohort study (N = 3866). Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The EAT-Lancet adherence score was calculated based on the recommended intake and reference intervals of 12 food components, ranging from 0 to 39 points. Participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-adherence groups according to score tertiles. We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to assess the association among diet adherence, incident cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality.
Results
During a mean follow-up of 7.9 y (SD: ±2.0 y), 294 individuals (7.6%) from our initial sample experienced a first cardiovascular event, and 264 (6.8%) died. Compared with the low-adherence group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.17) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.98) for the medium-adherence and high-adherence groups, respectively (P-trend = 0.04). We observed no association between adherence groups and cardiovascular events.
Conclusions
In a Swiss cohort, high adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a potential 30% lower risk of overall mortality. However, it is not associated with cardiovascular events.
{"title":"Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet, Incidence of Cardiovascular Events, and All-Cause Mortality: Results from a Swiss Cohort","authors":"Laís Bhering Martins , Magda Gamba , Anna Stubbendorff , Nathalie Gasser , Laura Löbl , Florian Stern , Ulrika Ericson , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Séverine Vuilleumier , Angeline Chatelan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An unhealthy diet is a major contributor to several noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Additionally, our food system has significant impacts on the environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a healthy diet that preserves global environmental resources.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This prospective study aimed to evaluate the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a Swiss cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus cohort study (<em>N</em> = 3866). Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The EAT-Lancet adherence score was calculated based on the recommended intake and reference intervals of 12 food components, ranging from 0 to 39 points. Participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-adherence groups according to score tertiles. We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to assess the association among diet adherence, incident cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a mean follow-up of 7.9 y (SD: ±2.0 y), 294 individuals (7.6%) from our initial sample experienced a first cardiovascular event, and 264 (6.8%) died. Compared with the low-adherence group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.17) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.98) for the medium-adherence and high-adherence groups, respectively (<em>P</em>-trend = 0.04). We observed no association between adherence groups and cardiovascular events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In a Swiss cohort, high adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a potential 30% lower risk of overall mortality. However, it is not associated with cardiovascular events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 483-491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.003
Lindsey M Locks , Mpela Chembe , Tamara Billima- Mulenga , Jacqueline M Lauer , Dorothy Sizakawe , Savanna Henderson , Peter C Rockers , Doug Parkerson , Günther Fink
Background
Globally, 148 million children aged <5 y are stunted, with risk factors varying by context. Our “Impact of Growth Charts and Nutritional Supplements on Child Growth in Zambia” (ZamCharts) trial observed persistently high rates of stunting in all treatment groups after 18-mo of intervention with monthly distributions of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and/or installation of a wall-mounted growth chart in children’s homes.
Objectives
We sought to identify determinants of stunting and height-for-age z-score in children aged 27–36 mo who participated in the ZamCharts endline survey (n = 1911).
Methods
Multilevel, log-binomial models were used to estimate univariable and multivariable prevalence ratios for predictors of stunting. Multilevel models were also used to predict height-for-age z-score (HAZ) with and without baseline HAZ (assessed at ages 211 mo). We also conducted a path analysis using covariance analysis of linear structural equations to assess underlying and modifiable risk factors for impaired linear growth.
Results
Significant predictors of stunting in the multivariable model included low asset ownership, being male, using biomass as cooking fuel, lower maternal height, a mother with ≤ primary education, lower baseline HAZ, and not being randomly assigned to SQ-LNS. Significant predictors of a lower mean HAZ in the full multivariable models included all the same risk factors that predicted stunting but also living in an urban area, having ≥1 child aged <5 y in the household, and diarrhea in the previous 2 wk. The multivariable model explained 48% of variability in endline HAZ; the strongest predictor was baseline HAZ, which explained 29% of endline HAZ variability in the univariable model.
Conclusions
Preventing stunting in Zambia will require investments in early life (pre- and postnatal) determinants of growth trajectory as well as improving complementary feeding practices and addressing risk factors for infectious diseases; SQ-LNS can also improve linear growth and reduce stunting.
背景:全球有 1.48 亿 5 岁以下儿童发育迟缓,风险因素因环境而异。我们的 "赞比亚生长图表和营养补充剂对儿童生长的影响"(ZamCharts)试验观察到,在每月发放小量脂质营养补充剂(SQ-LNS)和/或在儿童家中安装壁挂式生长图表的干预措施实施 18 个月后,所有治疗组的发育迟缓率都居高不下:我们试图找出参与 ZamCharts 终端调查的 27-36 个月儿童(人数=1911)发育迟缓和身高-年龄 Z 值的决定因素:采用多层次对数二叉模型估算发育迟缓预测因素的单变量和多变量流行率。多层次模型还用于预测有基线身高-年龄 Z 值(HAZ)和无基线身高-年龄 Z 值(HAZ)(在 2-11 个月大时进行评估)的身高-年龄 Z 值(HAZ)。我们还利用线性结构方程的协方差分析进行了路径分析,以评估线性生长受损的潜在和可改变的风险因素:在多变量模型中,发育迟缓的重要预测因素包括:资产拥有率低;男性;使用生物质作为烹饪燃料;母亲身高较低;母亲的初等教育程度≤;基线 HAZ 较低,以及未随机接受 SQ-LNS 治疗。在完整的多变量模型中,平均 HAZ 值较低的重要预测因素包括所有与预测发育迟缓相同的风险因素,以及居住在城市地区、有一个以上孩子等:在赞比亚预防发育迟缓需要对生命早期(产前和产后)生长轨迹的决定因素进行投资,并改善辅食喂养方法和应对传染病的风险因素;SQ-LNS 也能改善线性生长和减少发育迟缓。
{"title":"Predictors of Stunting and Pathway Analysis for Linear Growth among Children Aged Two to Three Years after a Trial of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements and Home-Installed Growth Charts in Three Districts in Zambia","authors":"Lindsey M Locks , Mpela Chembe , Tamara Billima- Mulenga , Jacqueline M Lauer , Dorothy Sizakawe , Savanna Henderson , Peter C Rockers , Doug Parkerson , Günther Fink","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Globally, 148 million children aged <5 y are stunted, with risk factors varying by context. Our “Impact of Growth Charts and Nutritional Supplements on Child Growth in Zambia” (ZamCharts) trial observed persistently high rates of stunting in all treatment groups after 18-mo of intervention with monthly distributions of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and/or installation of a wall-mounted growth chart in children’s homes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We sought to identify determinants of stunting and height-for-age <em>z</em>-score in children aged 27–36 mo who participated in the ZamCharts endline survey (<em>n</em> = 1911).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multilevel, log-binomial models were used to estimate univariable and multivariable prevalence ratios for predictors of stunting. Multilevel models were also used to predict height-for-age <em>z</em>-score (HAZ) with and without baseline HAZ (assessed at ages 211 mo). We also conducted a path analysis using covariance analysis of linear structural equations to assess underlying and modifiable risk factors for impaired linear growth.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant predictors of stunting in the multivariable model included low asset ownership, being male, using biomass as cooking fuel, lower maternal height, a mother with ≤ primary education, lower baseline HAZ, and not being randomly assigned to SQ-LNS. Significant predictors of a lower mean HAZ in the full multivariable models included all the same risk factors that predicted stunting but also living in an urban area, having ≥1 child aged <5 y in the household, and diarrhea in the previous 2 wk. The multivariable model explained 48% of variability in endline HAZ; the strongest predictor was baseline HAZ, which explained 29% of endline HAZ variability in the univariable model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Preventing stunting in Zambia will require investments in early life (pre- and postnatal) determinants of growth trajectory as well as improving complementary feeding practices and addressing risk factors for infectious diseases; SQ-LNS can also improve linear growth and reduce stunting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 589-601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.019
Livia SA Augustin , Peter R Ellis , Marie-Ann Vanginkel , Gabriele Riccardi
Pasta is a low glycemic index food, an essential part of the Mediterranean diet, and is a good source of fiber. Pasta is generally made from durum wheat semolina, which comprises coarse endosperm with largely structurally intact cell walls (that is, dietary fiber), unlike finely milled wheat flour that contains fragmented endosperm cells. Yet, pasta is considered a refined carbohydrate food and classified under “unhealthy plant-based diets” despite the health benefits and lack of negative effects observed in epidemiological and clinical trial data. There is, therefore, a need to redefine dietary carbohydrates, because the current terminology is no longer sufficient to understand their structural complexity or to fully define all positive attributes.
{"title":"Pasta: Is It an Unhealthy Refined Food?","authors":"Livia SA Augustin , Peter R Ellis , Marie-Ann Vanginkel , Gabriele Riccardi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pasta is a low glycemic index food, an essential part of the Mediterranean diet, and is a good source of fiber. Pasta is generally made from durum wheat semolina, which comprises coarse endosperm with largely structurally intact cell walls (that is, dietary fiber), unlike finely milled wheat flour that contains fragmented endosperm cells. Yet, pasta is considered a refined carbohydrate food and classified under “unhealthy plant-based diets” despite the health benefits and lack of negative effects observed in epidemiological and clinical trial data. There is, therefore, a need to redefine dietary carbohydrates, because the current terminology is no longer sufficient to understand their structural complexity or to fully define all positive attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 378-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.003
Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha, Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira, Josefina Bressan, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
{"title":"Reply to S Lv et al.","authors":"Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha, Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira, Josefina Bressan, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 657-658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}