Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification and mental imagery on visual and verbal memory of female high school students in Yazd city. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest pre-posttest design along with a control group. Four high schools from district 2 education of Yazd were selected by cluster sampling method and 15 students from each high school were randomly selected and placed into three experimental and a control group. Initially, all subjects were tested by Wechsler memory scale. The subjects were exposed to eight different educational sessions. The experimental groups included (Experimental group 1: Cognitive bias modification training group), (Experimental group 2: Mental imagery training group), and (Experimental groups 3: Cognitive bias modification and Mental imaging training). The control group had no intervention. After completing the experimental group training, the 4 groups were tested by the Wechsler memory scale. Results: cognitive bias modification training and mental imagery training significantly affected visual memory (P = 0.001, F = 24.264) and this effect was 57%, while the effect of cognitive bias modification training and mental imagery had a significant effect on verbal memory (P = 0.053, F = 2.7226) and had an effect of 13%. It is therefore confirmed that cognitive bias modification training and mental imagery enhance learners' visual and verbal memory performance. Conclusion: Such interventions can have a significant contribution in learning, school efficiency, and medical clinical treatments.
前言:本研究旨在探讨认知偏见修正和心理意象对亚兹德市女高中生视觉和言语记忆的影响。方法:本实验采用前测后测设计，并设对照组。采用整群抽样的方法，从亚兹德省第二教育区选取4所高中，每所高中随机抽取15名学生，分为3个实验组和1个对照组。研究开始时，采用韦氏记忆量表对所有被试进行测试。研究对象接受了8个不同的教育课程。实验组包括:(实验组1:认知偏见修正训练组)、(实验组2:心理意象训练组)、(实验组3:认知偏见修正与心理意象训练组)。对照组不进行干预。各组完成实验组训练后，采用韦氏记忆量表进行测试。结果:认知偏差修正训练和心理意象训练对视觉记忆有显著影响(P = 0.001, F = 24.264)，影响率为57%;认知偏差修正训练和心理意象训练对言语记忆有显著影响(P = 0.053, F = 2.7226)，影响率为13%。因此，认知偏见修正训练和心理意象能提高学习者的视觉和言语记忆表现。结论:这些干预措施对提高学习效率、提高学校教学效率和提高医疗临床治疗效果有重要作用。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification and Mental Imagery on Visual and Verbal Memory","authors":"Vidasadat Razavi Nematollahi, Maryam Ashab Sohof, Mahshid Tajrobehkar, Zahra Zeinaddiny Meimand","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10901","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification and mental imagery on visual and verbal memory of female high school students in Yazd city. \u0000Methods: The present experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest pre-posttest design along with a control group. Four high schools from district 2 education of Yazd were selected by cluster sampling method and 15 students from each high school were randomly selected and placed into three experimental and a control group. Initially, all subjects were tested by Wechsler memory scale. The subjects were exposed to eight different educational sessions. The experimental groups included (Experimental group 1: Cognitive bias modification training group), (Experimental group 2: Mental imagery training group), and (Experimental groups 3: Cognitive bias modification and Mental imaging training). The control group had no intervention. After completing the experimental group training, the 4 groups were tested by the Wechsler memory scale. \u0000Results: cognitive bias modification training and mental imagery training significantly affected visual memory (P = 0.001, F = 24.264) and this effect was 57%, while the effect of cognitive bias modification training and mental imagery had a significant effect on verbal memory (P = 0.053, F = 2.7226) and had an effect of 13%. It is therefore confirmed that cognitive bias modification training and mental imagery enhance learners' visual and verbal memory performance. \u0000Conclusion: Such interventions can have a significant contribution in learning, school efficiency, and medical clinical treatments.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123000540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10893
Marzieh Akbari, H. Rahimi, Fatemeh Hamamian Zavareh, G. Mostafaei, Hasan Rahmani
Introduction: Recycling is one of the main elements of comprehensive waste management. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women towards solid waste recycling in Kashan. Methods: In this descriptive study, 368 women were selected from households by random sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 with descriptive statistics and analytical tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of women were 4.1±83.74, 14.3±75.54, and 4.1±45.29, respectively. The results showed that 37.2% of women in Kashan had good knowledge, 43.1% had good attitude, and 57.2% had good performance towards solid waste recycling. A significant difference was observed between the level of performance among different educational groups in terms of attitude and knowledge, between the level of knowledge of individuals and occupational groups, and between the level of knowledge of people in terms of marital status, and between different groups of owners and tenants in terms of knowledge. Conclusion: It seems that the performance of women in Kashan was at an acceptable level compared to others participants in other studies.
{"title":"Investigation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Women in Solid Waste Recycling in Kashan","authors":"Marzieh Akbari, H. Rahimi, Fatemeh Hamamian Zavareh, G. Mostafaei, Hasan Rahmani","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10893","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recycling is one of the main elements of comprehensive waste management. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women towards solid waste recycling in Kashan. \u0000 Methods: In this descriptive study, 368 women were selected from households by random sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 with descriptive statistics and analytical tests at a significance level of 0.05. \u0000Results: The scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of women were 4.1±83.74, 14.3±75.54, and 4.1±45.29, respectively. The results showed that 37.2% of women in Kashan had good knowledge, 43.1% had good attitude, and 57.2% had good performance towards solid waste recycling. A significant difference was observed between the level of performance among different educational groups in terms of attitude and knowledge, between the level of knowledge of individuals and occupational groups, and between the level of knowledge of people in terms of marital status, and between different groups of owners and tenants in terms of knowledge. \u0000Conclusion: It seems that the performance of women in Kashan was at an acceptable level compared to others participants in other studies.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131084421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10897
H. Ahmadi, Rasool Nazari, M. D. Manshadi
Introduction: Farhangian University as a training agent and custodian of education human resources will play an effective role in the future development of the country. The present study aims to identify the factors affecting the development of health-oriented leisure in Farhangian University. Methods: The present qualitative study aims to discover the effective factors and in-depth interviews were used as data collection tools. The researcher interviewed the participants working in Farhangian University who were purposefully selected. After fully transcribing the interviews and extracting the key sentences, 27 theoretical saturations were obtained in the interview and continued until interview 29 for more assurance. Data analysis was performed by content analysis method and coding method. To evaluate the validity of the study, the criteria of acceptability, transferability, and verification and for the reliability of the study, the reliability of the codings were evaluated and approved. Results: The findings indicate that 49 primary codes were classified into 15 sub-categories and 6 main categories, including cultural norms, economic events, effective governance, legal guarantee, sociability, and digital lifestyle. Conclusion: Education and training, by being on the right path, can raise a generation for today and the future, so that the society becomes a reliable place for the people of the society to live. Without taking into account the role of teachers, this goal is illusory, so providing the conditions for leisure activities in Farhangian University will lead to their growth and excellence and ultimately lead to the improvement of the country's educational system.
{"title":"Identifying the Effective Factors on the Development of Health-Oriented Leisure Times of Farhangian University","authors":"H. Ahmadi, Rasool Nazari, M. D. Manshadi","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i3.10897","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Farhangian University as a training agent and custodian of education human resources will play an effective role in the future development of the country. The present study aims to identify the factors affecting the development of health-oriented leisure in Farhangian University. \u0000Methods: The present qualitative study aims to discover the effective factors and in-depth interviews were used as data collection tools. The researcher interviewed the participants working in Farhangian University who were purposefully selected. After fully transcribing the interviews and extracting the key sentences, 27 theoretical saturations were obtained in the interview and continued until interview 29 for more assurance. Data analysis was performed by content analysis method and coding method. To evaluate the validity of the study, the criteria of acceptability, transferability, and verification and for the reliability of the study, the reliability of the codings were evaluated and approved. \u0000Results: The findings indicate that 49 primary codes were classified into 15 sub-categories and 6 main categories, including cultural norms, economic events, effective governance, legal guarantee, sociability, and digital lifestyle. \u0000Conclusion: Education and training, by being on the right path, can raise a generation for today and the future, so that the society becomes a reliable place for the people of the society to live. Without taking into account the role of teachers, this goal is illusory, so providing the conditions for leisure activities in Farhangian University will lead to their growth and excellence and ultimately lead to the improvement of the country's educational system.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127590322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Following the epidemic crisis and the outbreak of Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) in Iran and other provinces, the statistics of the patients showed that Yazd is among the top few provinces in the country in terms of the prevalence and incidence of this deadly disease. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risk factors related to the life status of patients with coronavirus. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, demographic, clinical, and biochemical information of 932 patients who were infected with COVID-19 from May 2018 to March 2019 and were hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd were examined. Information was recorded through patients’ records or telephone calls. Data analysis was performed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and logistic regression using SPSS-22 software. Results: Based on the results 57.9% (N=540) of patients were male and the mean age of all patients was 53.33 (19 ± 0.15) years, and also 9.6% (N=82) of patients died. The risk of death for patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 75 times higher than that of patients who were hospitalized in general wards. Also, the risk of death for patients with a history of cancer was 12 times higher than other patients. The risk factors associated with mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression model, which included increasing age, having shortness of breath, history of cancer, hospitalization in the ICU, increased white blood cell count, and sodium deficiency. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality of patients with COVID-19, it is necessary for physicians to prioritize the treatment of elderly patients with underlying diseases, such as cancer and shortness of breath in order to improve their clinical condition.
{"title":"Evaluation of Risk Factors Related to Life Status of Patients With COVID-19 Hospitalized in Yazd","authors":"Seyed Yaser Ghelmani, Hossein Soleymani Salehabadi, Homa Moazen, Hossein Nazmiah, Tahere Fallah Tafti, Azam Kabirzadeh, Somaye Gholami","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10343","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Following the epidemic crisis and the outbreak of Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) in Iran and other provinces, the statistics of the patients showed that Yazd is among the top few provinces in the country in terms of the prevalence and incidence of this deadly disease. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risk factors related to the life status of patients with coronavirus. \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, demographic, clinical, and biochemical information of 932 patients who were infected with COVID-19 from May 2018 to March 2019 and were hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd were examined. Information was recorded through patients’ records or telephone calls. Data analysis was performed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and logistic regression using SPSS-22 software. \u0000Results: Based on the results 57.9% (N=540) of patients were male and the mean age of all patients was 53.33 (19 ± 0.15) years, and also 9.6% (N=82) of patients died. The risk of death for patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 75 times higher than that of patients who were hospitalized in general wards. Also, the risk of death for patients with a history of cancer was 12 times higher than other patients. The risk factors associated with mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression model, which included increasing age, having shortness of breath, history of cancer, hospitalization in the ICU, increased white blood cell count, and sodium deficiency. \u0000Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality of patients with COVID-19, it is necessary for physicians to prioritize the treatment of elderly patients with underlying diseases, such as cancer and shortness of breath in order to improve their clinical condition.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128234901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10337
Bahareh Baghaei, Asghar ------- Aghaei
Introduction: Firefighters are among the people who face all kinds of painful and stressful situations due to their work. Therefore, due to stressful conditions, the mental health of firefighters should always be considered. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on quality of life, happiness, and semantic level of firefighters in Isfahan in the spring of 2020. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted based on pre-test-post-test with control- follow-up and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all firefighters in Isfahan. Among them, 30 people, two groups of 15 people (test and control) were selected using random sampling method. To collect data, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF), Oxford Happiness (OxH), and Semantic Level Determination (Dsl) questionnaires were used. Positive treatment sessions were performed on the test group during eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test and follow-up in the variables of semantic level, quality of life, and happiness. This indicates that positive psychotherapy was able to significantly change the post-test scores and follow-up of semantic level, quality of life, and happiness compared to the pre-test stage (p <0.01). Conclusion: Given that positive psychotherapy has been effective on quality of life, happiness, and semantic level of firefighters, it is recommended that counselors use this intervention method to improve the mental health of firefighters.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Quality of Life, Happiness, Semantic Level of Firefighters","authors":"Bahareh Baghaei, Asghar ------- Aghaei","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10337","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Firefighters are among the people who face all kinds of painful and stressful situations due to their work. Therefore, due to stressful conditions, the mental health of firefighters should always be considered. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on quality of life, happiness, and semantic level of firefighters in Isfahan in the spring of 2020. \u0000Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted based on pre-test-post-test with control- follow-up and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all firefighters in Isfahan. Among them, 30 people, two groups of 15 people (test and control) were selected using random sampling method. To collect data, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF), Oxford Happiness (OxH), and Semantic Level Determination (Dsl) questionnaires were used. Positive treatment sessions were performed on the test group during eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. \u0000Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test and follow-up in the variables of semantic level, quality of life, and happiness. This indicates that positive psychotherapy was able to significantly change the post-test scores and follow-up of semantic level, quality of life, and happiness compared to the pre-test stage (p <0.01). \u0000Conclusion: Given that positive psychotherapy has been effective on quality of life, happiness, and semantic level of firefighters, it is recommended that counselors use this intervention method to improve the mental health of firefighters.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125296931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10341
Ghodratolah Shakerinejad, Azam Zandieh, A. Sharhani, N. Hatamzadeh, M. Mazaheri
Introduction: Communication skills are a set of behaviours through which aperson communicate with others in such a way leading to positive responses and the avoidance of negative responses. This study aims to predict the determinants of interpersonal communication skills among healthcare providers of Ahvaz city based on the extended theory of reasoned action. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was condcuted on 160 healthcare providers of Ahvaz city in 2021using random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and AMOSS version 22 software, using correlation tests, regression analysis, independent samples t-test and paired t-test. Results: The mean age and work experience of the participants was 35.76± 6.55 and 10.31± 6.79 years, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation indicated a direct and significant correlation between attitude (r = 0.527), subjective norm (r = 0.243), and self-efficacy (r = 0.630) together and with behavioral intention. Among the constructs of the extended theory of reasoned action, self-efficacy (r = 0.630) and subjective norm (r = 0.243) had the highest and lowest correlation with behavioral intention of health care providers, respectively. Furthermore, this theory predicted 0.22 variance of attitude, 0.02 variance of subjective norm and 0.49 variance of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was the strongest and subjective norms was the weakestpredictors of communications skills behavior, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that in planning to implement behavioural interventions to promote interpersonal communication skills in healthcare providers, more emphasis should be placed on strategies related to increasing attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioural intention.
{"title":"Predicting the Determinants of Interpersonal Communication Skills in Healthcare Providers of Ahvaz City: An Application of the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action","authors":"Ghodratolah Shakerinejad, Azam Zandieh, A. Sharhani, N. Hatamzadeh, M. Mazaheri","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10341","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Communication skills are a set of behaviours through which aperson communicate with others in such a way leading to positive responses and the avoidance of negative responses. This study aims to predict the determinants of interpersonal communication skills among healthcare providers of Ahvaz city based on the extended theory of reasoned action. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was condcuted on 160 healthcare providers of Ahvaz city in 2021using random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and AMOSS version 22 software, using correlation tests, regression analysis, independent samples t-test and paired t-test. \u0000Results: The mean age and work experience of the participants was 35.76± 6.55 and 10.31± 6.79 years, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation indicated a direct and significant correlation between attitude (r = 0.527), subjective norm (r = 0.243), and self-efficacy (r = 0.630) together and with behavioral intention. Among the constructs of the extended theory of reasoned action, self-efficacy (r = 0.630) and subjective norm (r = 0.243) had the highest and lowest correlation with behavioral intention of health care providers, respectively. Furthermore, this theory predicted 0.22 variance of attitude, 0.02 variance of subjective norm and 0.49 variance of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was the strongest and subjective norms was the weakestpredictors of communications skills behavior, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that in planning to implement behavioural interventions to promote interpersonal communication skills in healthcare providers, more emphasis should be placed on strategies related to increasing attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioural intention.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132167365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10339
A. K. Sadati, Zeinab Sabouhi Golkar
Introduction: One of the problems and challenges of families in the COVID-19 pandemic was the education of children. This study aims to discover and analyze the tensions and concerns of families in this regard. Method: This qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Tabas. Semi-structured interviews with 17 parents were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that parents have experienced multiple concerns and tensions regarding their children's education in the pandemic. The issue of education quality on one hand and sociocultural challenges related to virtual space on the other hand was the most important concern of parents. The four themes of the study included socialization challenges, education problem, media panic, and economic and environmental problems. Discussion: It is suggested that policy makers pay more attention to the problems of families in the field of virtual learning. Attention should be given to vulnerable groups and families, so that the issue of educational deprivation does not threaten the children of these families. On the other hand, sociocultural issues related to media and poor media literacy of parents are a major challenge in this field. It is necessary for sociocultural custodians as well as researchers and social theorists to provide theoretical discussions and solutions using psychology and social work in this field.
{"title":"Virtual Learning and Parental Stress Experience in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Tabas City","authors":"A. K. Sadati, Zeinab Sabouhi Golkar","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10339","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the problems and challenges of families in the COVID-19 pandemic was the education of children. This study aims to discover and analyze the tensions and concerns of families in this regard. \u0000Method: This qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Tabas. Semi-structured interviews with 17 parents were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by thematic analysis. \u0000Results: Data analysis showed that parents have experienced multiple concerns and tensions regarding their children's education in the pandemic. The issue of education quality on one hand and sociocultural challenges related to virtual space on the other hand was the most important concern of parents. The four themes of the study included socialization challenges, education problem, media panic, and economic and environmental problems. \u0000Discussion: It is suggested that policy makers pay more attention to the problems of families in the field of virtual learning. Attention should be given to vulnerable groups and families, so that the issue of educational deprivation does not threaten the children of these families. On the other hand, sociocultural issues related to media and poor media literacy of parents are a major challenge in this field. It is necessary for sociocultural custodians as well as researchers and social theorists to provide theoretical discussions and solutions using psychology and social work in this field.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115371249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10344
Houshang Garavand, Saeideh Sabzian
Introduction: Nail biting is an inappropriate habit and its exact cause is debatable. Researchers believe that nail biting disorder is often associated with psychiatric disorders, including anxiety. State/trait anxiety can be considered an unstable emotional state reflecting the individual's interpretation of a stressful situation in a particular time frame and varies depending on the degree to which the situation is perceived threatening. This study aims to determine the evaluation of the effectiveness of habit reversal techniques on reducing nail biting disorder and state/trait anxiety in students. Methods: The present semi-experimental study with pretest, post-test, and follow-up was conducted on six junior high school male students in the age range of 13-15 years, who asked for help by referring to the school counseling and were selected by convenience sampling method. They received a program of habit reversal techniques individually in 6 sessions for 1 month. Clinical interviewing, frequency recording of nail biting per day, and state/trait anxiety test were used to measure the variables. Results: Data analysis showed that habit reversal techniques reduce nail biting and students' state/trait anxiety. Follow-up one month after the end of treatment indicated the persistence of these results. Conclusion: The habit reversal training is effective on treating nail biting, reducing anxiety, and promoting the person life quality and symptoms from nail biting. Due the low sample size, it is suggested that while repeating the study in a larger sample, its effectiveness on the treatment of other habitual disorders be studied.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of habit reversal techniques on reducing nail biting disorder and state/trait anxiety of male high school Students in khorramabad","authors":"Houshang Garavand, Saeideh Sabzian","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10344","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nail biting is an inappropriate habit and its exact cause is debatable. Researchers believe that nail biting disorder is often associated with psychiatric disorders, including anxiety. State/trait anxiety can be considered an unstable emotional state reflecting the individual's interpretation of a stressful situation in a particular time frame and varies depending on the degree to which the situation is perceived threatening. This study aims to determine the evaluation of the effectiveness of habit reversal techniques on reducing nail biting disorder and state/trait anxiety in students. \u0000Methods: The present semi-experimental study with pretest, post-test, and follow-up was conducted on six junior high school male students in the age range of 13-15 years, who asked for help by referring to the school counseling and were selected by convenience sampling method. They received a program of habit reversal techniques individually in 6 sessions for 1 month. Clinical interviewing, frequency recording of nail biting per day, and state/trait anxiety test were used to measure the variables. \u0000Results: Data analysis showed that habit reversal techniques reduce nail biting and students' state/trait anxiety. Follow-up one month after the end of treatment indicated the persistence of these results. \u0000Conclusion: The habit reversal training is effective on treating nail biting, reducing anxiety, and promoting the person life quality and symptoms from nail biting. Due the low sample size, it is suggested that while repeating the study in a larger sample, its effectiveness on the treatment of other habitual disorders be studied.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"22 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115505501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10342
R. Askari, F. Shamsi, Fatemeh Dehghani Ashkazari
Introduction: Nursing care as an essential component of health services is very important and ethics in nursing is a significant factor in health care. Therefore, the present study aims to prioritize and examine the level of observance of nurses' ethical values from the perspective of patients admitted to the selected hospitals in Yazd in 2021. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected hospitals in Yazd and in a sample of 100 patients who were selected by stratified-random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 10 dimensions of ethical values of nursing of the Ministry of Health in 2011. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) in SPSS software version 20. Resulte: Among the 10 dimensions of ethical values of nursing, the patients gave the highest priority to altruism and kindness (1± 140.19), compassion and kindness (2 ±135 .01), and accountability and responsibility (1± 130.33), respectively. Moreover, 56% of patients rated the observance of ethical values in a good condition. Conclusion: If the ethical values of altruism and empathy, compassion and kindness, and accountability and responsibility are considered in the continuous nursing education program, it can be effective to help improve the quality of hospital performance as well as patients’ satisfaction.
{"title":"Prioritization and Evaluation of the Observance of Ethical Values of Nursing from the Perspective of Patients Admitted to the Selected Hospitals in Yazd City in 2021","authors":"R. Askari, F. Shamsi, Fatemeh Dehghani Ashkazari","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10342","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nursing care as an essential component of health services is very important and ethics in nursing is a significant factor in health care. Therefore, the present study aims to prioritize and examine the level of observance of nurses' ethical values from the perspective of patients admitted to the selected hospitals in Yazd in 2021. \u0000Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected hospitals in Yazd and in a sample of 100 patients who were selected by stratified-random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 10 dimensions of ethical values of nursing of the Ministry of Health in 2011. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) in SPSS software version 20. \u0000Resulte: Among the 10 dimensions of ethical values of nursing, the patients gave the highest priority to altruism and kindness (1± 140.19), compassion and kindness (2 ±135 .01), and accountability and responsibility (1± 130.33), respectively. Moreover, 56% of patients rated the observance of ethical values in a good condition. \u0000Conclusion: If the ethical values of altruism and empathy, compassion and kindness, and accountability and responsibility are considered in the continuous nursing education program, it can be effective to help improve the quality of hospital performance as well as patients’ satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122775305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10338
A. Askari, M. Mirmohammadkhani, M. Shahab, Abas AliEbrahimian
Introduction: Cost management of inpatient records can directly and indirectly affect the management and control of hospital costs. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the cost management model of inpatient records in the global system. Methods: The present mixed method study was conducted in 2021. Senior and middle managers composed the statistical population in the qualitative section and the senior, middle managers and staff of Niknafas Hospital in Rafsanjan were the quantitative section statistical population. In the qualitative section, in-depth interviews were conducted with 33 experts using the purposive sampling accompanied with snowball method. A researcher-made questionnaire with a random sampling method was used to assess the model among 210 people in the quantitative section. Qualitative data were analyzed by Atlas.ti software and quantitative data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and SmartPLS version 3 software. Results: The results of the qualitative section indicated that the cost management model includes 15 sub-categories and 6 main categories. "Information and awareness", "sensitivity", "risk-taking and motivation", "control and supervision", "experience and skill", and "factors beyond the hospital's control" were the main categories. The SRMR fit indices (0.069), R2 (>0.67), GOF (>0.36) showed that the fit of the measurement, structural and general models were appropriate and approved. Conclusion: The present study showed that the designed model of cost management of inpatient records in the global system has a good fit and can be used in medical centers.
住院病历的成本管理直接或间接地影响着医院成本的管理和控制。因此，本研究旨在设计并验证全球系统的住院病历成本管理模式。方法:本混合方法研究于2021年进行。高级和中级管理人员构成定性科的统计人口，拉夫桑詹尼克法斯医院的高级、中级管理人员和工作人员构成定量科的统计人口。在定性部分，采用目的性抽样配合滚雪球法对33位专家进行了深度访谈。定量部分的210人采用随机抽样的方式进行问卷调查，对模型进行评估。定性资料用Atlas进行分析。采用SPSS和SmartPLS version 3软件对定量数据进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析。结果:定性部分的结果表明，成本管理模型包括15个子类别和6个主要类别。“信息和意识”、“敏感性”、“冒险和动机”、“控制和监督”、“经验和技能”以及“医院无法控制的因素”是主要类别。SRMR拟合指数(0.069)、R2(>0.67)、GOF(>0.36)表明测量模型、结构模型和一般模型的拟合是适当的，得到了认可。结论:本研究表明所设计的住院病历成本管理模型在全球系统中具有良好的契合性，可在医疗中心应用。
{"title":"Designing and validating the cost management model of inpatient records in the global system: A Case study in Niknafas Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Rafsanjan","authors":"A. Askari, M. Mirmohammadkhani, M. Shahab, Abas AliEbrahimian","doi":"10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v21i2.10338","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cost management of inpatient records can directly and indirectly affect the management and control of hospital costs. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the cost management model of inpatient records in the global system. \u0000Methods: The present mixed method study was conducted in 2021. Senior and middle managers composed the statistical population in the qualitative section and the senior, middle managers and staff of Niknafas Hospital in Rafsanjan were the quantitative section statistical population. In the qualitative section, in-depth interviews were conducted with 33 experts using the purposive sampling accompanied with snowball method. A researcher-made questionnaire with a random sampling method was used to assess the model among 210 people in the quantitative section. Qualitative data were analyzed by Atlas.ti software and quantitative data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and SmartPLS version 3 software. \u0000Results: The results of the qualitative section indicated that the cost management model includes 15 sub-categories and 6 main categories. \"Information and awareness\", \"sensitivity\", \"risk-taking and motivation\", \"control and supervision\", \"experience and skill\", and \"factors beyond the hospital's control\" were the main categories. The SRMR fit indices (0.069), R2 (>0.67), GOF (>0.36) showed that the fit of the measurement, structural and general models were appropriate and approved. \u0000Conclusion: The present study showed that the designed model of cost management of inpatient records in the global system has a good fit and can be used in medical centers.","PeriodicalId":166328,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Tolooebehdasht","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127594918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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