Pub Date : 2023-05-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3267
Aishwarya Govindaswamy, Sowmya Sridharan, Raymond D Savio, S. Nambi, Adhithyan Rajendran
Aim: During the second wave of the COVID 19 pandemic, a life threatening fungal infection, mucormycosis have been detected in patients post COVID 19 disease. Commonly known as the ‘black fungus’ can causes tissue necrosis, inflammation and necrosis of the head and neck regions, paranasal sinuses, facial bones, orbits and it can also cause intracranial spread. In the current study we describe a series of cases of COVID 19 associated mucormycosis (CAM), the clinical presentations, risk factors, diagnosis, management and follow up experience from a tertiary care centre in India. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted over a period of one year (April 2021 to April 2022) at our tertiary care centre. The diagnosis of COVID 19 was done by RT PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The diagnosis of Mucormycosis was done by Histopathology and fungal cultures. The demographic details of the patients were retrieved from the medical records. Results: In the present study we report four cases of Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis, three cases of Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis, two cases of Pulmonary Mucormycosis and one case of Disseminated Mucormycosis. All the patients had undergone extensive surgical debridement and received Liposomal Amphotericin B as initial antifungal medication and Posaconazole or Isavuconazole as step down therapy. Six patients responded to treatment while four patients did not have a favorable outcome and succumbed to the illness. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a deadly disease with high mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. Factors like poor control of blood sugars, inadvertent use of corticosteroids, immune dysfunction due to COVID 19 can result in poor outcome of the disease despite aggressive treatment interventions.
{"title":"A Case Series on COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in India","authors":"Aishwarya Govindaswamy, Sowmya Sridharan, Raymond D Savio, S. Nambi, Adhithyan Rajendran","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3267","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: During the second wave of the COVID 19 pandemic, a life threatening fungal infection, mucormycosis have been detected in patients post COVID 19 disease. Commonly known as the ‘black fungus’ can causes tissue necrosis, inflammation and necrosis of the head and neck regions, paranasal sinuses, facial bones, orbits and it can also cause intracranial spread. In the current study we describe a series of cases of COVID 19 associated mucormycosis (CAM), the clinical presentations, risk factors, diagnosis, management and follow up experience from a tertiary care centre in India. \u0000Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted over a period of one year (April 2021 to April 2022) at our tertiary care centre. The diagnosis of COVID 19 was done by RT PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The diagnosis of Mucormycosis was done by Histopathology and fungal cultures. The demographic details of the patients were retrieved from the medical records. \u0000Results: In the present study we report four cases of Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis, three cases of Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis, two cases of Pulmonary Mucormycosis and one case of Disseminated Mucormycosis. All the patients had undergone extensive surgical debridement and received Liposomal Amphotericin B as initial antifungal medication and Posaconazole or Isavuconazole as step down therapy. Six patients responded to treatment while four patients did not have a favorable outcome and succumbed to the illness. \u0000Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a deadly disease with high mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. Factors like poor control of blood sugars, inadvertent use of corticosteroids, immune dysfunction due to COVID 19 can result in poor outcome of the disease despite aggressive treatment interventions.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"477 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116688985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3265
Patria Adri Wibhawa, Agus Yudawijaya, Aldo Vivavaldi Wairisal
Background: Nucleus Pulposus Herniation (NPH) is a disease in which the annulus fibrosus ruptures, causing the nucleus pulposus to protrude or bulge and press against the spinal canal, causing sciatic pain. One of the risk factors for Nucleus pulposus herniation was Body Mass Index (BMI). Objective: This study aim the relationship between BMI and the incidence of Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) patients at UKI General Hospital from January to June 2020. Methods: The subjects of the study were 24 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were treated at UKI General Hospital from January to June 2020 that were taken from medical records. Results: 63 samples were analyzed that obtained 24 (38.0%) patients with lumbar disc herniation, and patients with lumbar disc herniation with BMI ≥ 23 as many as 18 subjects (75.0%). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between BMI and LDH patients at UKI General Hospital.
{"title":"Relationship between Body Mass Index and Lumbar Disc Herniation in UKI General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Patria Adri Wibhawa, Agus Yudawijaya, Aldo Vivavaldi Wairisal","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nucleus Pulposus Herniation (NPH) is a disease in which the annulus fibrosus ruptures, causing the nucleus pulposus to protrude or bulge and press against the spinal canal, causing sciatic pain. One of the risk factors for Nucleus pulposus herniation was Body Mass Index (BMI). \u0000Objective: This study aim the relationship between BMI and the incidence of Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) patients at UKI General Hospital from January to June 2020. \u0000Methods: The subjects of the study were 24 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were treated at UKI General Hospital from January to June 2020 that were taken from medical records. \u0000Results: 63 samples were analyzed that obtained 24 (38.0%) patients with lumbar disc herniation, and patients with lumbar disc herniation with BMI ≥ 23 as many as 18 subjects (75.0%). \u0000Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between BMI and LDH patients at UKI General Hospital.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129360474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2264
A. Ismail, K. Enan, Abdel-Rahim M. El-Hussein, Hala Ibrahim, Hajar A. Gsemalseed, Abdelmonem Abdo
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis. Sudan is considered as hyper-endemic for HEV. HEV infection in patients with preexisting chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has been reported to result in severe clinical manifestations and poor outcomes. However data on the role of HEV infection in worsening of pre-existing CLD are limited. Objective: To determine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and its effect on severity of CLD. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that consecutively enrolled 87 CLD patients in Ibn-Sina Specialized Hospital was carried out during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. Data regarding demographics, CLD causes, clinical manifestations and comorbidities were collected. The screening for anti-HEV antibodies was performed in all patients by using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the commonest etiology of chronic liver diseases being detected in 45/87(51.7%) patients. On the other hand;among all subjects; 43/87(49.4%) patients were HEV seropositive with anti-HEV Ig-G being detected in 32(36.8%) and concurrent anti-HEV Ig-M and Ig-G in 11(12.6%) patients. Jaundice (OR= 3.8, CI95%: 1.5-9.4; P. value=0.004), HCC (OR= 4.1, CI95%: 1.4-11.9; P. value=0.008), child-Pugh class-C (OR= 26, CI95%: 5.4-94.0; P. value=0.000) and child-Pugh class-B (OR= 5.3, CI95%: 1.6-17.0; P. value=0.000) were associated independently with anti-HEV positivity. Conclusion: The frequency of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among Sudanese patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) was considerably high (mainly past infection- Ig-G). Furthermore, HEV was associated with advanced liver failure statuses (child-Pugh class-B & C), jaundice, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
{"title":"Aggravating Effects of Hepatitis E Virus Infection on Patients with Chronic Liver Disease in Ibn-Sina Hospital Sudan","authors":"A. Ismail, K. Enan, Abdel-Rahim M. El-Hussein, Hala Ibrahim, Hajar A. Gsemalseed, Abdelmonem Abdo","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2264","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis. Sudan is considered as hyper-endemic for HEV. HEV infection in patients with preexisting chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has been reported to result in severe clinical manifestations and poor outcomes. However data on the role of HEV infection in worsening of pre-existing CLD are limited. Objective: To determine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and its effect on severity of CLD. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that consecutively enrolled 87 CLD patients in Ibn-Sina Specialized Hospital was carried out during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. Data regarding demographics, CLD causes, clinical manifestations and comorbidities were collected. The screening for anti-HEV antibodies was performed in all patients by using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the commonest etiology of chronic liver diseases being detected in 45/87(51.7%) patients. On the other hand;among all subjects; 43/87(49.4%) patients were HEV seropositive with anti-HEV Ig-G being detected in 32(36.8%) and concurrent anti-HEV Ig-M and Ig-G in 11(12.6%) patients. Jaundice (OR= 3.8, CI95%: 1.5-9.4; P. value=0.004), HCC (OR= 4.1, CI95%: 1.4-11.9; P. value=0.008), child-Pugh class-C (OR= 26, CI95%: 5.4-94.0; P. value=0.000) and child-Pugh class-B (OR= 5.3, CI95%: 1.6-17.0; P. value=0.000) were associated independently with anti-HEV positivity. Conclusion: The frequency of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among Sudanese patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) was considerably high (mainly past infection- Ig-G). Furthermore, HEV was associated with advanced liver failure statuses (child-Pugh class-B & C), jaundice, and hepatocellular carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133699560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2263
Dogra Shruti, B. Taruna, S. C. Devendar, K. Vijay, Kaushik Rajnish, Achra Arvind
Introduction: The novel corona virus (COVID-19), which began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has been declared pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2021. Till now, even when nations are in race for developing vaccine against COVID-19, diagnosing the cases and isolating them still remain the only way to contain the disease spread. Hence, effective triage of the suspected COVID 19 patients, becomes an effective tool in preventing disease spread, especially in developing nations. Simple hematological parameters like leukocyte counts, platelet counts, hemoglobin and parameters derived from complete blood counts namely NLR, derived NLR, PLR and liver function tests can be studied and analysed to differentiate COVID 19 patients from other non-COVID 19 Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) patients. These are the investigations at first point of contact with the patient and are relatively cost effective, keeping in mind the population of developing nations. Patients and Methods: Retrospective case control study conducted over a period of one month including 286 consecutive Severe Acute Respiratory Illness(SARI) patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. The patients were divided into COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative groups based on their results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19. The demographic data, and routine hematological and biochemical parameters including derived parameters like Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR ratio, Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Prognostic nutrition index (PNI) were analyzed and compared between the two groups using SPSS version 23.0. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The COVID-19 positive patients had a significantly higher lymphocyte percentage (p value=0.017) and Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase(SGPT)( p value=0.033), and a significantly lower Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)( p value= 0.023), NLR(p value=0.033) and platelet count(p valu=0.001). No significant difference in other haematological and biochemical parameters was found. Conclusion: NLR, platelet count, lymphocyte percentage and SGPT are the simple laboratory biomarkers of inflammation that can be utilized for screening and triage in COVID 19 disease with variable sensitivity and specificity.
{"title":"Study of Potential Utility of Predictive Laboratory Parameters for Early Triage of SARI Patients","authors":"Dogra Shruti, B. Taruna, S. C. Devendar, K. Vijay, Kaushik Rajnish, Achra Arvind","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2263","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The novel corona virus (COVID-19), which began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has been declared pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2021. Till now, even when nations are in race for developing vaccine against COVID-19, diagnosing the cases and isolating them still remain the only way to contain the disease spread. Hence, effective triage of the suspected COVID 19 patients, becomes an effective tool in preventing disease spread, especially in developing nations. Simple hematological parameters like leukocyte counts, platelet counts, hemoglobin and parameters derived from complete blood counts namely NLR, derived NLR, PLR and liver function tests can be studied and analysed to differentiate COVID 19 patients from other non-COVID 19 Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) patients. These are the investigations at first point of contact with the patient and are relatively cost effective, keeping in mind the population of developing nations. \u0000Patients and Methods: Retrospective case control study conducted over a period of one month including 286 consecutive Severe Acute Respiratory Illness(SARI) patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. The patients were divided into COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative groups based on their results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19. The demographic data, and routine hematological and biochemical parameters including derived parameters like Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR ratio, Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Prognostic nutrition index (PNI) were analyzed and compared between the two groups using SPSS version 23.0. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: The COVID-19 positive patients had a significantly higher lymphocyte percentage (p value=0.017) and Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase(SGPT)( p value=0.033), and a significantly lower Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)( p value= 0.023), NLR(p value=0.033) and platelet count(p valu=0.001). No significant difference in other haematological and biochemical parameters was found. \u0000Conclusion: NLR, platelet count, lymphocyte percentage and SGPT are the simple laboratory biomarkers of inflammation that can be utilized for screening and triage in COVID 19 disease with variable sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121668460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2261
J. Apenteng, Samuel Korsah, Miriam Tagoe, N. N. Nortey, Jessica Korsah, Benedicta Delase Wobetsey, F. Owusu
Background: Cholera affects several hundred thousand individuals worldwide each year. According to estimates, more than 20 million individuals in Ghana are at danger of contracting the illness. However, research from Asia and other continents continues to be a major source of information for understanding cholera epidemiology in Africa, particularly in its coastal nations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate Ghana's cholera epidemics each year. Methods: A thorough analysis of articles that have been published on cholera outbreaks worldwide and in Ghana. A thorough search was done in the databases of Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar to retrieve and to review research works published on cholera. Results: Findings suggest cholera has been a significant public health issue for Ghana every year since the first case was reported in 1970. Greater Accra is the area with the most cholera cases each year, with Accra being the district with the most cases. Greater Accra alone reported 58.5% of all cholera cases in Ghana from 1998 to 2017. However, the least affected regions in Ghana are the Upper West, Northern, Upper East, and Volta region. The cause of these cholera outbreaks is subpar sanitation and contaminated water. Annual cholera outbreaks occur in Ghana, where more attention is needed. Multiple deaths have been caused by these epidemics. Conclusion: Improved sanitation and provision of adequate clean drinking water can help curb the incidence of cholera and its devastating effects on individuals and the country as a whole.
{"title":"Outbreak of Cholera in Ghana: A Systematic Review from 2010 to 2020","authors":"J. Apenteng, Samuel Korsah, Miriam Tagoe, N. N. Nortey, Jessica Korsah, Benedicta Delase Wobetsey, F. Owusu","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2261","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cholera affects several hundred thousand individuals worldwide each year. According to estimates, more than 20 million individuals in Ghana are at danger of contracting the illness. However, research from Asia and other continents continues to be a major source of information for understanding cholera epidemiology in Africa, particularly in its coastal nations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate Ghana's cholera epidemics each year. \u0000Methods: A thorough analysis of articles that have been published on cholera outbreaks worldwide and in Ghana. A thorough search was done in the databases of Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar to retrieve and to review research works published on cholera. \u0000Results: Findings suggest cholera has been a significant public health issue for Ghana every year since the first case was reported in 1970. Greater Accra is the area with the most cholera cases each year, with Accra being the district with the most cases. Greater Accra alone reported 58.5% of all cholera cases in Ghana from 1998 to 2017. However, the least affected regions in Ghana are the Upper West, Northern, Upper East, and Volta region. The cause of these cholera outbreaks is subpar sanitation and contaminated water. Annual cholera outbreaks occur in Ghana, where more attention is needed. Multiple deaths have been caused by these epidemics. \u0000Conclusion: Improved sanitation and provision of adequate clean drinking water can help curb the incidence of cholera and its devastating effects on individuals and the country as a whole.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114651895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2260
E. Odumeru, C. Njoku, C. Ewurum, K. Agwunobi
Background: Intestinal parasites (IP) are organisms that live and strife within the host for harm or mutual benefit, is a global concern infecting over 3 billion people and causing morbidity in about 450 million people worldwide of which the developing countries are most affected, the majority being school children, rural dwellers, and peasant farmers. Parasitic load (PL) in our locality has not been assessed, or determined, and comparisons made based on biographic data of the peasant farmers. Objective: The study was aimed at determining the PL of peasant farmers in Emekuku by Laboratory and Sonographic examinations. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select 126 subjects within the age group of 20 years to 90 years of both sexes. Stool specimens were collected, Wet preparation and Concentration Methods were used for laboratory investigation and comparisons were made. Sonography was used for the confirmation and characterization of IP. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and chi-square. Results: Wet prep technique recorded 10 (7.94%) positive cases while the Concentration method recorded 44 (34.92%) positive cases (P < 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides amongst other IPs had the highest manifestation in the study, most prevalent in the age group 80 to 89 years,10 (62.5%) and more occurring in the female 10 (15.87%) and significant (P =0.039967). Sonographic indices for confirmation of IP were 4 (80.0%) out of 5. Conclusion: Sonography complements the role of Laboratory stool analysis for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides.
{"title":"Laboratory and Sonographic Assessment of Intestinal Parasitic Load of Peasant Farmers in Emekuku Village in Nigeria","authors":"E. Odumeru, C. Njoku, C. Ewurum, K. Agwunobi","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2260","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intestinal parasites (IP) are organisms that live and strife within the host for harm or mutual benefit, is a global concern infecting over 3 billion people and causing morbidity in about 450 million people worldwide of which the developing countries are most affected, the majority being school children, rural dwellers, and peasant farmers. Parasitic load (PL) in our locality has not been assessed, or determined, and comparisons made based on biographic data of the peasant farmers. \u0000Objective: The study was aimed at determining the PL of peasant farmers in Emekuku by Laboratory and Sonographic examinations. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select 126 subjects within the age group of 20 years to 90 years of both sexes. Stool specimens were collected, Wet preparation and Concentration Methods were used for laboratory investigation and comparisons were made. Sonography was used for the confirmation and characterization of IP. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and chi-square. \u0000Results: Wet prep technique recorded 10 (7.94%) positive cases while the Concentration method recorded 44 (34.92%) positive cases (P < 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides amongst other IPs had the highest manifestation in the study, most prevalent in the age group 80 to 89 years,10 (62.5%) and more occurring in the female 10 (15.87%) and significant (P =0.039967). Sonographic indices for confirmation of IP were 4 (80.0%) out of 5. \u0000Conclusion: Sonography complements the role of Laboratory stool analysis for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122205404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2259
Philip Gyaase, Emmanuel Boateng Acheampong, D. Sampson, R. Owusu
Introduction: The goal of the study was to assess the factors that influence the utilization of Insecticide Treated bed Nets (ITN) in the prevention of malaria in the Berekum East Municipality. Methods: Quantitative cross sectional design was used to conduct the study in the Berekum East Municipality. Total of 307 respondents aged between 20-60 years were randomly selected for data collection with the aid of a questionnaire. Data were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the factors influencing ITN use at 95% confidence interval. Results: The study found that 87.6% of the respondents owned ITN; however 28% of them used it regularly while 72% use it irregularly. Only 12.4% of the respondents did not use ITN because they did not have them. Majority of the respondents (94.4%) had sufficient knowledge about INT. The reasons that prevented the people from using the ITN included inconvenienced sleeping under them, skin rashes and heat intolerance. The key predictors of appropriate use of ITN were education level, the number of occupants per room, the structure of the room and the knowledge level and the availability of ITNs. Age range 20-30 year had odds ratio of 1.633 of using ITN than other age groups. Likewise, people with tertiary education had OR 2.036 ITN usage more than other educational categories. Conclusion: There was high ITN ownership with poor usage. Strengthening health education of the benefits and importance of ITN use will improve appropriate utilization of ITN among the people of Berekum Municipality.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Utilization of Insecticide Treated Bed Nets in the Prevention of Malaria in the Berekum East Municipality, Ghana","authors":"Philip Gyaase, Emmanuel Boateng Acheampong, D. Sampson, R. Owusu","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i2259","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The goal of the study was to assess the factors that influence the utilization of Insecticide Treated bed Nets (ITN) in the prevention of malaria in the Berekum East Municipality. \u0000Methods: Quantitative cross sectional design was used to conduct the study in the Berekum East Municipality. Total of 307 respondents aged between 20-60 years were randomly selected for data collection with the aid of a questionnaire. Data were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the factors influencing ITN use at 95% confidence interval. \u0000Results: The study found that 87.6% of the respondents owned ITN; however 28% of them used it regularly while 72% use it irregularly. Only 12.4% of the respondents did not use ITN because they did not have them. Majority of the respondents (94.4%) had sufficient knowledge about INT. The reasons that prevented the people from using the ITN included inconvenienced sleeping under them, skin rashes and heat intolerance. The key predictors of appropriate use of ITN were education level, the number of occupants per room, the structure of the room and the knowledge level and the availability of ITNs. Age range 20-30 year had odds ratio of 1.633 of using ITN than other age groups. Likewise, people with tertiary education had OR 2.036 ITN usage more than other educational categories. \u0000Conclusion: There was high ITN ownership with poor usage. Strengthening health education of the benefits and importance of ITN use will improve appropriate utilization of ITN among the people of Berekum Municipality.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117214258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1257
Vidyani S. Kulatunga, Shehani Fernando, U. Jayawardena, C. Jayasinghe
Global attention towards zoonotic diseases has been oriented with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 as they are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, and they pose a significant threat to public health. This study draws on the awareness of a group of new BSc degree registrants (N=267) at The Open University of Sri Lanka in 2020 about common zoonotic diseases. A cross-sectional study was employed for the participants in a virtual orientation session in December 2020 using a structured online questionnaire. Pearson Chi-square test (χ2) was used evaualte statistical significance at p<0.05. The survey reveals that from the total respondents, 89.9% were aware of zoonotic diseases in humans by animals, 77.9% are aware that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals and 75.3% knew that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted by eating raw meat of infected animals. Further, 82.4% and 86.1% of respondents agreed that zoonotic diseases could be treated and prevented while 85.4% agreed that zoonotic diseases could be controlled. The majority of the respondents were aware of Rabies, Covid 19, Malaria, Dengue fever and SARS as zoonotic diseases and a higher proportion of female respondents identified Hepatitis E as a zoonotic disease. Bovine tuberculosis was identified by students who studied biological sciences compared to other streams. Respondents below 24 years of age identified Anthrax and Leptospirosis, SARS and Trichinellosis as zoonotic diseases than other age categories. Students in suburban areas had a higher tendency to identify Ebola virus disease, Giardiasis, and Hepatitis E as zoonotic diseases. Urban and suburban students had a higher tendency to wash their hands thoroughly after petting the animals. Pet owners only identified Giardiasis as a zoonotic disease and agreed that avoiding direct contact with animals, avoidance of rearing pets indoors and discarding pet faeces in a proper place as good practices to avoid the transmission of zoonoses. Most of the respondents agreed that zoonotic diseases could be prevented by avoiding eating raw meat, avoiding eating unwashed fresh fruits and vegetables, avoiding direct contact with animals, avoiding rearing pets indoors, regular vaccination of pets, proper discharge of animal faeces, washing the hands thoroughly after petting the animals. Overall, this study revealed that the level of awareness about zoonotic diseases among the new BSc registrants was satisfactory. It is inferred that the students could be more educated about the preventive and control measures for zoonotic diseases. It is expected that students will develop essential life skills that are required for the prevention and control of diseases.
{"title":"Awareness of Zoonotic Diseases among the Bachelor of Science New Entrants at the Open University of Sri Lanka in 2020","authors":"Vidyani S. Kulatunga, Shehani Fernando, U. Jayawardena, C. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1257","url":null,"abstract":"Global attention towards zoonotic diseases has been oriented with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 as they are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, and they pose a significant threat to public health. This study draws on the awareness of a group of new BSc degree registrants (N=267) at The Open University of Sri Lanka in 2020 about common zoonotic diseases. A cross-sectional study was employed for the participants in a virtual orientation session in December 2020 using a structured online questionnaire. Pearson Chi-square test (χ2) was used evaualte statistical significance at p<0.05. The survey reveals that from the total respondents, 89.9% were aware of zoonotic diseases in humans by animals, 77.9% are aware that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals and 75.3% knew that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted by eating raw meat of infected animals. Further, 82.4% and 86.1% of respondents agreed that zoonotic diseases could be treated and prevented while 85.4% agreed that zoonotic diseases could be controlled. The majority of the respondents were aware of Rabies, Covid 19, Malaria, Dengue fever and SARS as zoonotic diseases and a higher proportion of female respondents identified Hepatitis E as a zoonotic disease. Bovine tuberculosis was identified by students who studied biological sciences compared to other streams. Respondents below 24 years of age identified Anthrax and Leptospirosis, SARS and Trichinellosis as zoonotic diseases than other age categories. Students in suburban areas had a higher tendency to identify Ebola virus disease, Giardiasis, and Hepatitis E as zoonotic diseases. Urban and suburban students had a higher tendency to wash their hands thoroughly after petting the animals. Pet owners only identified Giardiasis as a zoonotic disease and agreed that avoiding direct contact with animals, avoidance of rearing pets indoors and discarding pet faeces in a proper place as good practices to avoid the transmission of zoonoses. Most of the respondents agreed that zoonotic diseases could be prevented by avoiding eating raw meat, avoiding eating unwashed fresh fruits and vegetables, avoiding direct contact with animals, avoiding rearing pets indoors, regular vaccination of pets, proper discharge of animal faeces, washing the hands thoroughly after petting the animals. Overall, this study revealed that the level of awareness about zoonotic diseases among the new BSc registrants was satisfactory. It is inferred that the students could be more educated about the preventive and control measures for zoonotic diseases. It is expected that students will develop essential life skills that are required for the prevention and control of diseases.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1258
L. S. Sunarti, E. S. Arodes, Yusias Hikmat Diani, Ayu Aulia Salshabila
Aims: To study the impact of COVID on Microbiology examination result, and analyze it further based on the gender and place of residence. Methods: Simple analysis conducted cross-sectionally based on the comparison of the result of final Microbiology exam result based on the student’s gender and place of residence. Data classified by the class of 2018 (Pre-COVID), 2019 (initial COVID) and 2020 (prolonged COVID). Results: There is a pattern of decreasing exam scores, both in theory and practicum, when compared to exam results before COVID (class of 2018), during the initial of the COVID pandemic (class of 2019) and 1 year after COVID became a pandemic but not yet fully controlled (class of 2020). Conclusion: COVID caused direct impact to medical education, in our context to Microbiology examination result.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID on Microbiology Examination Result with its Further analysis based on Student’s gender and Place of Residence","authors":"L. S. Sunarti, E. S. Arodes, Yusias Hikmat Diani, Ayu Aulia Salshabila","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1258","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To study the impact of COVID on Microbiology examination result, and analyze it further based on the gender and place of residence. \u0000Methods: Simple analysis conducted cross-sectionally based on the comparison of the result of final Microbiology exam result based on the student’s gender and place of residence. Data classified by the class of 2018 (Pre-COVID), 2019 (initial COVID) and 2020 (prolonged COVID). \u0000Results: There is a pattern of decreasing exam scores, both in theory and practicum, when compared to exam results before COVID (class of 2018), during the initial of the COVID pandemic (class of 2019) and 1 year after COVID became a pandemic but not yet fully controlled (class of 2020). \u0000Conclusion: COVID caused direct impact to medical education, in our context to Microbiology examination result.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133006494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1256
Ria Roy, Sarita Kumari, K. Naveen
The demographic and genomics of COVID-19 have changed with the advent of new BF.7 and XBB Omicron variants in the population. IPHA and IAPSM have released the 5th Joint statement on COVID-19 pandemic in India, where “Living with COVID” is the main theme. The report has summarized that it was time to declare an end to the pandemic, and institutionalize mechanisms for preventing misuse of any emergent disease. However, we should look towards the trends worldwide and be prepared for incoming new variants with robust surveillance to prevent another pandemic. Genomic sequencing and its association with the disease severity, strengthening the comprehensive primary health services are few of the measures that can be taken. Evidence-based decisions should be followed rather than keeping only restrained allocation of resources in mind. Despite the present endemic status of COVID-19, state level recommendations and mandates of masks, sanitisers or social distancing might apply in case there is rise of cases. With passage of time, protection against reinfection decreased regardless of vaccination before or after infection. However, people who were both infected and vaccinated had higher protection than those who were uninfected, or received a second dose of vaccine after the same time had elapsed. Remaining cautious and encouraging vaccination for the population should be our ongoing strategy for maintaining high level of seropositivity in the population.
{"title":"Should we Relax the Norms on SARS CoV-2 Pandemic Yet?: Analysis of the Joint Statement on COVID Pandemic within India","authors":"Ria Roy, Sarita Kumari, K. Naveen","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i1256","url":null,"abstract":"The demographic and genomics of COVID-19 have changed with the advent of new BF.7 and XBB Omicron variants in the population. IPHA and IAPSM have released the 5th Joint statement on COVID-19 pandemic in India, where “Living with COVID” is the main theme. The report has summarized that it was time to declare an end to the pandemic, and institutionalize mechanisms for preventing misuse of any emergent disease. However, we should look towards the trends worldwide and be prepared for incoming new variants with robust surveillance to prevent another pandemic. Genomic sequencing and its association with the disease severity, strengthening the comprehensive primary health services are few of the measures that can be taken. Evidence-based decisions should be followed rather than keeping only restrained allocation of resources in mind. Despite the present endemic status of COVID-19, state level recommendations and mandates of masks, sanitisers or social distancing might apply in case there is rise of cases. With passage of time, protection against reinfection decreased regardless of vaccination before or after infection. However, people who were both infected and vaccinated had higher protection than those who were uninfected, or received a second dose of vaccine after the same time had elapsed. Remaining cautious and encouraging vaccination for the population should be our ongoing strategy for maintaining high level of seropositivity in the population.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128691683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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