V. Aina, Abdulsalami, A. Adewumi, W. Joyce, J. Ibrahim, O. Mamman
An investigation was carried out to determine the concentration of trimethylamine (TMA) in fresh samples of beef purchased from markets within Kaduna metropolis namely: Central Market, Sabo Market and Kawo Market. The analysis was carried out using spectrophotometry in which the levels of trimethylamine in 100 g of each sample was determined at 3 hours interval for 12 hours. It was observed that the concentration of trimethylamine in the beef samples increased with storage time. The concentration of TMA in beef bought from Central Market increased from 0.65 to 10.60, that of Sabo Market increased from 0.66 to 9.43 while that of Kawo Market increased from 5.75 to 12.93 after storage for 12 hours. Keywords : Trimethylamine, Kaduna Metropolis, Chilling, Microbiological Safety, Beef Botulism.
{"title":"Comparative determination of trimethylamine in fresh beef samples marketed in Kaduna metropolis","authors":"V. Aina, Abdulsalami, A. Adewumi, W. Joyce, J. Ibrahim, O. Mamman","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V10I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V10I2","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was carried out to determine the concentration of trimethylamine (TMA) in fresh samples of beef purchased from markets within Kaduna metropolis namely: Central Market, Sabo Market and Kawo Market. The analysis was carried out using spectrophotometry in which the levels of trimethylamine in 100 g of each sample was determined at 3 hours interval for 12 hours. It was observed that the concentration of trimethylamine in the beef samples increased with storage time. The concentration of TMA in beef bought from Central Market increased from 0.65 to 10.60, that of Sabo Market increased from 0.66 to 9.43 while that of Kawo Market increased from 5.75 to 12.93 after storage for 12 hours. Keywords : Trimethylamine, Kaduna Metropolis, Chilling, Microbiological Safety, Beef Botulism.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"1797-1802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81406970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Falodun, Anthony Adeyanju Udu-Cosi, O. Erharuyi, V. Imieje, J. E. Falodun, O. Agbonlahor, M. Hamann
Jatropha tanjorensis (L) (Fam – Euphorbiaceae), which has been consumed as leafy vegetable and as medicinal plant in Nigeria has shown hematological, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hypoglyceamic, hypolipidemic and antihypertensive activities. This review focuses on valuable knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Jatopha tanjorensis against some tropical diseases, in order to highlight its therapeutic potentials with a view to integrate it into conventional medical use. Several classes of phytochemical compounds such as the polyphenols, saponins, tannins and alkaloids have been associated with the plant. It has also been shown to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antiplasmodial (antimalarial), anti microbial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and as remedy for anaemia. The review has thus provided a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Jatropha tanjorensis in the tropics. Based on the findings of this work, future study on the phytochemistry and chemical constituents in relation to certain other biological activities are required to fully understand the phytochemical and complex pharmacological effect of the plant specie. Further work to isolate active compounds from the plant is also necessary. Keywords: Jatropha tanjorensis , Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, medicinal uses Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences , Vol. 10 No. 3 (2013)
{"title":"Added-on salt, socio-economic status and blood pressure in Nigerian adolescents","authors":"A. Falodun, Anthony Adeyanju Udu-Cosi, O. Erharuyi, V. Imieje, J. E. Falodun, O. Agbonlahor, M. Hamann","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V10I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V10I3","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha tanjorensis (L) (Fam – Euphorbiaceae), which has been consumed as leafy vegetable and as medicinal plant in Nigeria has shown hematological, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hypoglyceamic, hypolipidemic and antihypertensive activities. This review focuses on valuable knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Jatopha tanjorensis against some tropical diseases, in order to highlight its therapeutic potentials with a view to integrate it into conventional medical use. Several classes of phytochemical compounds such as the polyphenols, saponins, tannins and alkaloids have been associated with the plant. It has also been shown to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antiplasmodial (antimalarial), anti microbial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and as remedy for anaemia. The review has thus provided a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Jatropha tanjorensis in the tropics. Based on the findings of this work, future study on the phytochemistry and chemical constituents in relation to certain other biological activities are required to fully understand the phytochemical and complex pharmacological effect of the plant specie. Further work to isolate active compounds from the plant is also necessary. Keywords: Jatropha tanjorensis , Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, medicinal uses Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences , Vol. 10 No. 3 (2013)","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pushpalatha, R. Sarin, M. Rao, T. R. Baggi, M. Varma
A forced oxidative degradation study was successfully carried out and a stability-indicating assay method developed for the determination of zolpidem in the presence of its degradation products. Zolpidem was refluxed with 6% peroxide at 60°C for 48 hrs with constant stirring. The method was developed and optimized by analyzing the forcefully degraded sample. Successful separation of drug from synthetic impurities and degradation products formed under stress condition was achieved on a C 18 column (waters Spherisorb 250 mm length×4.6 mm internal diameter and 5 μm particle size) using a mixture of acetonitrile:methanol:water (500:400:100, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Validation of the developed HPLC method was done with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and ruggedness. To our knowledge, a rapid stability indicating LC method with oxidative degradation of zolpidem tartrate has not previously reported. Keywords: Forced degradation, Stability-indicating assay, Oxidation, Zolpidem tartrate, Validation Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences , Vol. 9 No. 2 (2012)
{"title":"Forced Oxidative degradation study of Zolpidem tartrate by HPLC","authors":"P. Pushpalatha, R. Sarin, M. Rao, T. R. Baggi, M. Varma","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V9I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V9I2","url":null,"abstract":"A forced oxidative degradation study was successfully carried out and a stability-indicating assay method developed for the determination of zolpidem in the presence of its degradation products. Zolpidem was refluxed with 6% peroxide at 60°C for 48 hrs with constant stirring. The method was developed and optimized by analyzing the forcefully degraded sample. Successful separation of drug from synthetic impurities and degradation products formed under stress condition was achieved on a C 18 column (waters Spherisorb 250 mm length×4.6 mm internal diameter and 5 μm particle size) using a mixture of acetonitrile:methanol:water (500:400:100, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Validation of the developed HPLC method was done with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and ruggedness. To our knowledge, a rapid stability indicating LC method with oxidative degradation of zolpidem tartrate has not previously reported. Keywords: Forced degradation, Stability-indicating assay, Oxidation, Zolpidem tartrate, Validation Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences , Vol. 9 No. 2 (2012)","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"1519-1527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79504856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of ready-to-eat salads (crispy Green) from retail establishments in the United Kingdom, was undertaken to determine their microbiological quality. The salads were collected and examined according to a standardized protocol. Total count was carried out and all colonies on CFC and MRS were counted as Pseudomona s and Lactobacilli respectively, while yeast and mould counts were obtained from RBCA agar. Only large dark colonies on VRBA agar were counted. E. coli enumeration was obtained from E. coli broth culture to check for acid and gas production which was found to be negative and a confirmatory test was carried out using tryptone water for indole production. This study has shown that there was a level of contamination associated with ready-to-eat salad in the U.K. The APC count was within the acceptable range according to the PHLS Guidelines. No growth of E. coli and Listeria was recorded showing that sample was satisfactory in that respect. For Pseudomonas there was a notable count due probably to the favourable temperature that suites their survival as they have the ability to grow at low temperature. There was also high count for yeast and mould , due possibly to their ability to grow at low temperature, with their optimum at 15-30 o C.
{"title":"Microbiological Examination of Ready-to-Eat Salads (Crispy Green) from Retail Establishments in the United Kingdom","authors":"Fo Enwa, Co Anie, T. Onyekaba","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V9I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V9I1","url":null,"abstract":"A study of ready-to-eat salads (crispy Green) from retail establishments in the United Kingdom, was undertaken to determine their microbiological quality. The salads were collected and examined according to a standardized protocol. Total count was carried out and all colonies on CFC and MRS were counted as Pseudomona s and Lactobacilli respectively, while yeast and mould counts were obtained from RBCA agar. Only large dark colonies on VRBA agar were counted. E. coli enumeration was obtained from E. coli broth culture to check for acid and gas production which was found to be negative and a confirmatory test was carried out using tryptone water for indole production. This study has shown that there was a level of contamination associated with ready-to-eat salad in the U.K. The APC count was within the acceptable range according to the PHLS Guidelines. No growth of E. coli and Listeria was recorded showing that sample was satisfactory in that respect. For Pseudomonas there was a notable count due probably to the favourable temperature that suites their survival as they have the ability to grow at low temperature. There was also high count for yeast and mould , due possibly to their ability to grow at low temperature, with their optimum at 15-30 o C.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"1441-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88548901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is, as yet, no consensus on the relationship between anxiety and hypertension. While a few studies have investigated the topic in sub-Saharan Africa, there is no such literature in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 1654 apparently healthy young (mean age: 21.6±2.2 years), Nigerian adults (57.6% males) was conducted. Their blood pressures (BPs), weights and heights were measured using standard protocols. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and self-reported age at last birthday was recorded per subject. Anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze the data generated. A total of 1.5% (1.6% for males and 1.4% for females, P = 0.561) had high degree of anxiety. Hypertension was found in 2.4% (4% for males and 0.1% for female, P = 0.043) of the population while prehypertension was found in 39.7% (53.2% for males and 21.5% for females, P = 0.05) between the low anxiety group and each of the moderate and high anxiety groups. No significant correlations or associations were found between BAI scores and systolic or diastolic BPs. Hypertension was not associated with anxiety in the studied population. The prevalence of both hypertension and anxiety in this population is one of the lowest in recorded literature. Further studies are warranted (especially in sub-Saharan Africa) to examine further, the hypothesis that both factors are associated. Keywords: anxiety, association, blood pressure, hypertension, young adults Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2012)
{"title":"Total Phenol amd Flavonoid contents of Crude Extract and Fractions of Picralima Nitida root bark TH. and H. Durand (Apoceanaceae)","authors":"O. Erharuyi, A. Falodun","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V9I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V9I3","url":null,"abstract":"There is, as yet, no consensus on the relationship between anxiety and hypertension. While a few studies have investigated the topic in sub-Saharan Africa, there is no such literature in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 1654 apparently healthy young (mean age: 21.6±2.2 years), Nigerian adults (57.6% males) was conducted. Their blood pressures (BPs), weights and heights were measured using standard protocols. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and self-reported age at last birthday was recorded per subject. Anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze the data generated. A total of 1.5% (1.6% for males and 1.4% for females, P = 0.561) had high degree of anxiety. Hypertension was found in 2.4% (4% for males and 0.1% for female, P = 0.043) of the population while prehypertension was found in 39.7% (53.2% for males and 21.5% for females, P = 0.05) between the low anxiety group and each of the moderate and high anxiety groups. No significant correlations or associations were found between BAI scores and systolic or diastolic BPs. Hypertension was not associated with anxiety in the studied population. The prevalence of both hypertension and anxiety in this population is one of the lowest in recorded literature. Further studies are warranted (especially in sub-Saharan Africa) to examine further, the hypothesis that both factors are associated. Keywords: anxiety, association, blood pressure, hypertension, young adults Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2012)","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"1564-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75606780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68144
E. Enato, Aa Sounyo, T. Einarson
Proper drug storage is essential, especially in tropical climates. Failure to do so can result in substrength products which can cause treatment failures. Little research has been done in Africa to examine this aspect of healthcare. The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of drug storage at home in some communities in Nigeria, and to assess the conditions under which medicines are kept. A survey of households in some communities in Edo State, Nigeria, was undertaken using a validated questionnaire. Information on types of medication, dosage form, cost, source, and quantity stored in households, and reasons for using a particular storage facility were collected. Data were entered into Excel spreadsheet and sorted based on the research theme. Thereafter, the frequency distributions of the responses were determined. Of the 497 respondents surveyed, 209 (42.1%) indicated that they kept a total of 490 drugs on hand in their homes. The average number of drugs on hand among those who reported having them was 2.3±1.3 (median 2), the cost of which ranged from 10-2000 naira (USD $0.07-$13.33). Analgesics (43.7%), vitamins and nutrients (19.7%), and anti-malarial drugs (11.8%) were the most frequently stored classes of medicine. A majority of household medicines were stored in cellophane bag (36.9%), followed by closed cupboard or drawer (25.9%), and household containers (9.6%). The study reveals the frequency of household stored medicines in Nigerian communities, which often were kept in suboptimal conditions. The implications of this practice along with recommendations for appropriate behaviors are discussed.
{"title":"Storage practices in the developing world: A survey of Nigerian households","authors":"E. Enato, Aa Sounyo, T. Einarson","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68144","url":null,"abstract":"Proper drug storage is essential, especially in tropical climates. Failure to do so can result in substrength products which can cause treatment failures. Little research has been done in Africa to examine this aspect of healthcare. The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of drug storage at home in some communities in Nigeria, and to assess the conditions under which medicines are kept. A survey of households in some communities in Edo State, Nigeria, was undertaken using a validated questionnaire. Information on types of medication, dosage form, cost, source, and quantity stored in households, and reasons for using a particular storage facility were collected. Data were entered into Excel spreadsheet and sorted based on the research theme. Thereafter, the frequency distributions of the responses were determined. Of the 497 respondents surveyed, 209 (42.1%) indicated that they kept a total of 490 drugs on hand in their homes. The average number of drugs on hand among those who reported having them was 2.3±1.3 (median 2), the cost of which ranged from 10-2000 naira (USD $0.07-$13.33). Analgesics (43.7%), vitamins and nutrients (19.7%), and anti-malarial drugs (11.8%) were the most frequently stored classes of medicine. A majority of household medicines were stored in cellophane bag (36.9%), followed by closed cupboard or drawer (25.9%), and household containers (9.6%). The study reveals the frequency of household stored medicines in Nigerian communities, which often were kept in suboptimal conditions. The implications of this practice along with recommendations for appropriate behaviors are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76891681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68148
R. Ashikur, H. Ekramul, Hasanuzzaman, S. Muhuri, I. Shahid
The present study investigated pharmacological activities to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of the plant, Vallaris solanacea (Roth). Phytochemical analysis of the dried roots indicated the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, gums, steroids, alkaloids and glycosides. The pharmacological interest of these compounds, coupled with the use of this plant in traditional medicine prompted the authors to check for its possible antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrhoeal activities. The ethanolic extract showed statistically significant analgesic activity (p antidiarrhoeal effect at the dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight comparable to that produced by loperamide, used as standard drug. The results tend to suggest that the extract might possess some chemical constituents that are responsible for analgesic, antiinflammatory and antidiarrhoeal activities.
{"title":"A study on antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antidiarrhoeal activities of vallaris solanacea (roth) kuntze bark extracts","authors":"R. Ashikur, H. Ekramul, Hasanuzzaman, S. Muhuri, I. Shahid","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68148","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated pharmacological activities to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of the plant, Vallaris solanacea (Roth). Phytochemical analysis of the dried roots indicated the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, gums, steroids, alkaloids and glycosides. The pharmacological interest of these compounds, coupled with the use of this plant in traditional medicine prompted the authors to check for its possible antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrhoeal activities. The ethanolic extract showed statistically significant analgesic activity (p antidiarrhoeal effect at the dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight comparable to that produced by loperamide, used as standard drug. The results tend to suggest that the extract might possess some chemical constituents that are responsible for analgesic, antiinflammatory and antidiarrhoeal activities.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79546351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68146
H. Isah, B. Uko
Significant stress with deleterious impact on the health of a pregnant woman is a known occurrence in the course of pregnancy. This study explored the variations in health profile of rural pregnant women in Northern Nigerian rural setting. Records of a cohort of 340 pregnant women provided ANC services in a rural faith-based PHC facility were reviewed to ascertain their obstetric care seeking behaviour, pregnancy experience and health profile in the course of their pregnancies, and fetal outcome using a template to abstract relevant information. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the trends in their health status over the course of their pregnancy through to delivery. Mean booking and pre-delivery maternal weights were 53.35 kg and 55.83 kg respectively. 62.17% were found to have lost weight in the course of their pregnancies, while 21.31% had no change in weight, and 16.52% had varying degrees of weight appreciation. Mean booking haemoglobin value was 12.96%. Poor obstetric care seeking behaviour was a notable finding as 55.65% terminated their ANC access before the 34th week of gestation. High homebased obstetric services as shown by home deliveries and by untrained traditional birth attendants were high (90.88%). Poor pregnancy outcome as depicted by low birth weight (mean birth weight of 2.93 kg) and high stillbirth (48.19%) were found. More comprehensive maternal and child health services that are community-driven is recommended; and it is imperative that the traditional and community obstetric care providers and its system be harnessed. In addition, there is the need to vigorously put on ground, programmes for ensuring women especially rural women empowerment and for paying more attention to rural pregnant women due to their high risk nature from their marginal health profile prior to and during pregnancy.
{"title":"Health status and pregnancy experience of pregnant women in a rural community, Gamashina of Kano State","authors":"H. Isah, B. Uko","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68146","url":null,"abstract":"Significant stress with deleterious impact on the health of a pregnant woman is a known occurrence in the course of pregnancy. This study explored the variations in health profile of rural pregnant women in Northern Nigerian rural setting. Records of a cohort of 340 pregnant women provided ANC services in a rural faith-based PHC facility were reviewed to ascertain their obstetric care seeking behaviour, pregnancy experience and health profile in the course of their pregnancies, and fetal outcome using a template to abstract relevant information. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the trends in their health status over the course of their pregnancy through to delivery. Mean booking and pre-delivery maternal weights were 53.35 kg and 55.83 kg respectively. 62.17% were found to have lost weight in the course of their pregnancies, while 21.31% had no change in weight, and 16.52% had varying degrees of weight appreciation. Mean booking haemoglobin value was 12.96%. Poor obstetric care seeking behaviour was a notable finding as 55.65% terminated their ANC access before the 34th week of gestation. High homebased obstetric services as shown by home deliveries and by untrained traditional birth attendants were high (90.88%). Poor pregnancy outcome as depicted by low birth weight (mean birth weight of 2.93 kg) and high stillbirth (48.19%) were found. More comprehensive maternal and child health services that are community-driven is recommended; and it is imperative that the traditional and community obstetric care providers and its system be harnessed. In addition, there is the need to vigorously put on ground, programmes for ensuring women especially rural women empowerment and for paying more attention to rural pregnant women due to their high risk nature from their marginal health profile prior to and during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79308052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68149
J. Audu-Peter, Jo Kadiri, As Ogianakhu
Adansonia digitata gum was extracted from the dried leaves of Adansonia digitata using hot and cold water extraction processes yielding 16 and 18 % w/w respectively. The suspending properties of the hot (HWE) and cold water (CWE) gum extracts, used at 1-5 % w/w concentration levels were evaluated and compared with Compound Tragacanth (4% w/v) in sulphadimidine suspension. Sedimentation volume and rate, rheology, and ease of redispersion were employed as evaluation parameters. The results showed that both hot and cold water extracts of the gum used at 2-3 % w/v produced a better suspending property than 4 % w/v Compound Tragacanth gum. The suspending ability of the gums was in the order of: CWE > HWE > Compound Tragacanth. When the viscosity of HWE was compared with CWE for 15 days, they were found to differ significantly (P< 0.05). Also, when the viscosity of either hot or cold water gum extracts were compared with that of Compound Tragacanth at the same concentration for 15 days, there was a significant difference (P< 0.05). At all concentrations of gums used, the CWE had the better suspending property. Keywords: Adansonia digitata , suspending agents, rheology, ease of re-dispersibility, sedimentation rate
{"title":"Evaluation of the suspending properties of Adansonia digitata gum on Sulphadimidine Suspension","authors":"J. Audu-Peter, Jo Kadiri, As Ogianakhu","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V8I1.68149","url":null,"abstract":"Adansonia digitata gum was extracted from the dried leaves of Adansonia digitata using hot and cold water extraction processes yielding 16 and 18 % w/w respectively. The suspending properties of the hot (HWE) and cold water (CWE) gum extracts, used at 1-5 % w/w concentration levels were evaluated and compared with Compound Tragacanth (4% w/v) in sulphadimidine suspension. Sedimentation volume and rate, rheology, and ease of redispersion were employed as evaluation parameters. The results showed that both hot and cold water extracts of the gum used at 2-3 % w/v produced a better suspending property than 4 % w/v Compound Tragacanth gum. The suspending ability of the gums was in the order of: CWE > HWE > Compound Tragacanth. When the viscosity of HWE was compared with CWE for 15 days, they were found to differ significantly (P< 0.05). Also, when the viscosity of either hot or cold water gum extracts were compared with that of Compound Tragacanth at the same concentration for 15 days, there was a significant difference (P< 0.05). At all concentrations of gums used, the CWE had the better suspending property. Keywords: Adansonia digitata , suspending agents, rheology, ease of re-dispersibility, sedimentation rate","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90604344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-08DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V7I4.63452
P. Nwonu, T. Okoye, P. Akah, A. Ezike, Ia Ejindu, Se Eneh
The wound healing properties of the methanol stem bark extract of Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae) were evaluated in rats using the excision wound model. Extraction of the powdered plant material by continuous extraction in a soxhlet afforded 5.73% w/w of the Tabebuia methanol extract (TME). Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity LD50 tests were also performed. The results showed that TME and formulation of the extract in petroleum jelly (PE) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the wound diameter as well as epithelialisation time of the excised wound. The extract (TME) and the formulations (PE) produced 100% healing on the 14th day post excision which is comparable to the healing exhibited by a standard agent, Cicatrin powder. Phytochemical analysis of the extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test indicated an LD50 of 2154 mg/kg.Keywords: Tabebuia rosea, wound healing, excision, ratsJournal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, Vol. 7 No.4 (2010)
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