Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I1.48468
G. Adepoju, O. Laiyemo
Although advertising accounts for a major share of promotional expenditure of most companies in the pharmaceutical industry, most of them manifest considerable ignorance about how advertising works. This study aimed at determining the effect of advertising on the sales of pharmaceutical products bearing in mind the uniqueness of this market. Data collection was achieved with the use of questionnaire administered on the respondents by stratified sampling technique. Data analysis was done with the SPSS software package. The result showed that there was a positive correlation between advertising and sales in the industry. The study concluded that even though advertising influenced sales, there was a limit to which a positive correlation could be expected and hence, advertisers should be wary of this phenomenon. The study also showed that, there was no difference in the way advertising influences sales in this industry and in any other industry.
{"title":"The effects of advertising on sales in the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria - A survey","authors":"G. Adepoju, O. Laiyemo","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I1.48468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I1.48468","url":null,"abstract":"Although advertising accounts for a major share of promotional expenditure of most companies in the pharmaceutical industry, most of them manifest considerable ignorance about how advertising works. This study aimed at determining the effect of advertising on the sales of pharmaceutical products bearing in mind the uniqueness of this market. Data collection was achieved with the use of questionnaire administered on the respondents by stratified sampling technique. Data analysis was done with the SPSS software package. The result showed that there was a positive correlation between advertising and sales in the industry. The study concluded that even though advertising influenced sales, there was a limit to which a positive correlation could be expected and hence, advertisers should be wary of this phenomenon. The study also showed that, there was no difference in the way advertising influences sales in this industry and in any other industry.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77011603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48454
Jm Okonto, C. Ukwe, W. Obonga, P. Udeogaranya
The effects of ciprofloxacin on the salivary and urinary concentrations of chloroquine (CQ) were investigated in six healthy volunteers, 20 to 30 years of age. Ciprofloxacin reduced the absorption, excretion rate and t1/2 of chloroquine in urine, Cmax and AUC in saliva but increased the Tmax in saliva. Thus, concurrent administration of chloroquine, especially as chemoprophylactic agent, and ciprofloxacin, may lead to therapeutic failure hence may not be advisable.
{"title":"Effect of ciprofloxacin on single dose chloroquine salivary and urinary excretion in healthy volunteers: a pharmacokinetic consideration","authors":"Jm Okonto, C. Ukwe, W. Obonga, P. Udeogaranya","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48454","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of ciprofloxacin on the salivary and urinary concentrations of chloroquine (CQ) were investigated in six healthy volunteers, 20 to 30 years of age. Ciprofloxacin reduced the absorption, excretion rate and t1/2 of chloroquine in urine, Cmax and AUC in saliva but increased the Tmax in saliva. Thus, concurrent administration of chloroquine, especially as chemoprophylactic agent, and ciprofloxacin, may lead to therapeutic failure hence may not be advisable.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48423
C. Eboka, H. Okeri
Ofloxacin belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones which has found widespread use in the treatment of microbial infections resistant to other antibiotics. However, metallic cations and anti-acids have been found to adversely affect the bioavailability and antibacterial activity of ofloxacin. Many reasons have been suggested to explain the observed effects. In order to gain further understanding of how ofloxacin-metallic cation interaction affects ofloxacin availability and activity, the aqueous solubility of ofloxacin was investigated in the presence of some metallic cations spectrophometrically in this study. All the cations investigated increased the aqueous solubility of ofloxacin to varying extents. Ferrous sulphate produced the greatest increase in the solubility of ofloxacin. It was followed by ferric ammonium citrate, magnesium sulphate, aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. Potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate produced very slight increases. In all the cases, the solubility of ofloxacin increased as the amount of each metallic cation increased. The observed results can be attributed to formation of soluble ionic ofloxacin carboxylate salts and complexes of the metallic cations. The implication of such increase of the aqueous solubility of ofloxacin in the presence of metallic cations on the bioavailability and antibacterial activity of ofloxacin is discussed.
{"title":"The aqueous solubility of ofloxacin in the presence of metallic cations","authors":"C. Eboka, H. Okeri","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48423","url":null,"abstract":"Ofloxacin belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones which has found widespread use in the treatment of microbial infections resistant to other antibiotics. However, metallic cations and anti-acids have been found to adversely affect the bioavailability and antibacterial activity of ofloxacin. Many reasons have been suggested to explain the observed effects. In order to gain further understanding of how ofloxacin-metallic cation interaction affects ofloxacin availability and activity, the aqueous solubility of ofloxacin was investigated in the presence of some metallic cations spectrophometrically in this study. All the cations investigated increased the aqueous solubility of ofloxacin to varying extents. Ferrous sulphate produced the greatest increase in the solubility of ofloxacin. It was followed by ferric ammonium citrate, magnesium sulphate, aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. Potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate produced very slight increases. In all the cases, the solubility of ofloxacin increased as the amount of each metallic cation increased. The observed results can be attributed to formation of soluble ionic ofloxacin carboxylate salts and complexes of the metallic cations. The implication of such increase of the aqueous solubility of ofloxacin in the presence of metallic cations on the bioavailability and antibacterial activity of ofloxacin is discussed.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78410078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48472
B. Kakoti
The in vivo and in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol extract of Streblus asper Lour (Family: Moraceae) (MESA) was evaluated. The in vitro antioxidant potential was determined by performing various assays such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay and reducing ability. 3, 5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as a standard. The IC50 values of MESA and BHT in DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging assays were 116.05, 110.07, 130.49, 143.99 ig/ml & 78.87, 89.97, 71.03, 103.77 ig/ml respectively. In the reducing ability assay, the Fe3+ to Fe2+ transformation was established as reducing capacity and the ability increased with increasing concentration. The phenolic content of the sample, determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and was found to be 55.28±5.24 mg gallic acid equivalents (GA)/g dry weight. The total flavonoid concentrations, detected using 2% aluminum chloride, was 20.57±3.82 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight. In the in vivo antioxidant study, MESA (250 and 500 mg/kg) was administered four days prior to single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and on the 7th day, the antioxidant status was measured in the liver. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) significantly reduced in CC14 control animal, when compared to normal animal liver. MESA treatment significantly increased the GSH and CAT levels. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level significantly reduced in the extract - treated groups, when compared to CCl4 control group. Serum biochemical parameters such as transaminases, phosphataes and total bilirubin level were significantly increased in toxin control groups and it restored to normal by supplementation of MESA and BHT. The obtained in vitro and in vivo results suggest that MESA possesses a significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective property.
{"title":"In vivo and Invitro antioxidant properties of methanol extract of streblus asper lour","authors":"B. Kakoti","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48472","url":null,"abstract":"The in vivo and in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol extract of Streblus asper Lour (Family: Moraceae) (MESA) was evaluated. The in vitro antioxidant potential was determined by performing various assays such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay and reducing ability. 3, 5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as a standard. The IC50 values of MESA and BHT in DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging assays were 116.05, 110.07, 130.49, 143.99 ig/ml & 78.87, 89.97, 71.03, 103.77 ig/ml respectively. In the reducing ability assay, the Fe3+ to Fe2+ transformation was established as reducing capacity and the ability increased with increasing concentration. The phenolic content of the sample, determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and was found to be 55.28±5.24 mg gallic acid equivalents (GA)/g dry weight. The total flavonoid concentrations, detected using 2% aluminum chloride, was 20.57±3.82 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight. In the in vivo antioxidant study, MESA (250 and 500 mg/kg) was administered four days prior to single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and on the 7th day, the antioxidant status was measured in the liver. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) significantly reduced in CC14 control animal, when compared to normal animal liver. MESA treatment significantly increased the GSH and CAT levels. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level significantly reduced in the extract - treated groups, when compared to CCl4 control group. Serum biochemical parameters such as transaminases, phosphataes and total bilirubin level were significantly increased in toxin control groups and it restored to normal by supplementation of MESA and BHT. The obtained in vitro and in vivo results suggest that MESA possesses a significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective property.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90496376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48428
W. Mikre, N. Mekonnen
The quality of drugs in some less developed countries is inadequate. The quality of drugs in countries having a tropical climate may be adversely affected if their formulations have not been optimized for stability under these conditions. Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin, active against certain Gram negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is a widely used. There are currently several formulations of it in Ethiopia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical equivalence of eight brands of amoxicillin capsules and five brands of amoxicillin for oral suspensions sourced from different retail Pharmacy outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia market and to study the effect of tropical storage conditions on the their quality with respect to the USP and BP requirements using the WHO guidelines. The assessment included the evaluation of uniformity of weight, identification, moisture content, dissolution profiles and the pH values of the reconstituted oral suspensions in addition to the quantitative determination of the amoxicillin content for the studied formulations. Almost all of the amoxicillin formulations examined met Pharmacopoeial requirements at zero time, three-months and six months after storage under tropical condition.
{"title":"Quality and influence of tropical storage conditions on amoxicillin formulations marketed in ethiopia","authors":"W. Mikre, N. Mekonnen","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48428","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of drugs in some less developed countries is inadequate. The quality of drugs in countries having a tropical climate may be adversely affected if their formulations have not been optimized for stability under these conditions. Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin, active against certain Gram negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is a widely used. There are currently several formulations of it in Ethiopia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical equivalence of eight brands of amoxicillin capsules and five brands of amoxicillin for oral suspensions sourced from different retail Pharmacy outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia market and to study the effect of tropical storage conditions on the their quality with respect to the USP and BP requirements using the WHO guidelines. The assessment included the evaluation of uniformity of weight, identification, moisture content, dissolution profiles and the pH values of the reconstituted oral suspensions in addition to the quantitative determination of the amoxicillin content for the studied formulations. Almost all of the amoxicillin formulations examined met Pharmacopoeial requirements at zero time, three-months and six months after storage under tropical condition.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90577912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48530
V. Aina, H. Inuwa, S. Ibrahim, D. Ameh, Aj Noka, I. Aimola, P. Wuyep
Genomic DNA was isolated from the three different species of African Mistletoe parasitizing on 3 different trees. We attempted to study the expression of the â-tubulin gene in the leaves of these plant using ECO RI to target the â-tubulin gene in the genomic DNA. Results obtained revealed a fragment (2.1 Kbp) close to the documented size of the â-Tubulin gene (1.9 Kbp). The expression of the â-tubulin gene as revealed by ECO RI digestion was evident only during the wet season only, probably due to higher metabolic requirement of the parasitic plant during this season. There was very little expression of this gene fragment during the dry season.
{"title":"Effectiveness of genomic DNA extraction protocol from three species of African Mistletoe(Lorantheceae)","authors":"V. Aina, H. Inuwa, S. Ibrahim, D. Ameh, Aj Noka, I. Aimola, P. Wuyep","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48530","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic DNA was isolated from the three different species of African Mistletoe parasitizing on 3 different trees. We attempted to study the expression of the â-tubulin gene in the leaves of these plant using ECO RI to target the â-tubulin gene in the genomic DNA. Results obtained revealed a fragment (2.1 Kbp) close to the documented size of the â-Tubulin gene (1.9 Kbp). The expression of the â-tubulin gene as revealed by ECO RI digestion was evident only during the wet season only, probably due to higher metabolic requirement of the parasitic plant during this season. There was very little expression of this gene fragment during the dry season.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89932640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-04-21DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34987
F. Ohwoavworhua, I. Uya, O. Kunle
In this study, microcrystalline cellulose, coded MCC-PNF, was obtained from palm nut ( Elaeis guineensis ) fibres. MCC-PNF was examined for its physicochemical and powder properties. The powder properties of MCC-PNF were compared to those of the best commercial microcrystalline cellulose grade, Avicel PH 101. The extraction yield of MCC-PNF was approximately 8% w/w. The cellulose material was composed of irregularly shaped fibrous cellulose particles and has a moisture content of 5.6% and total ash of 0.21%. The true density was 1.54 g/cm 3 . The flow indices showed that MCC-PNF flowed poorly. The hydration and swelling capacities were 3.82 and 56.8% respectively. The study revealed that the cellulose material comparesfavourably with Avicel PH 101 and conformed to official requirements specified in the British Pharmacopoeia and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients for microcrystalline cellulose. Keywords : palm nut fibres, microcrystalline cellulose, isolation, characterization Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 255-262
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose obtained from palm nut ( Elaeis guineensis ) fibres","authors":"F. Ohwoavworhua, I. Uya, O. Kunle","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34987","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, microcrystalline cellulose, coded MCC-PNF, was obtained from palm nut ( Elaeis guineensis ) fibres. MCC-PNF was examined for its physicochemical and powder properties. The powder properties of MCC-PNF were compared to those of the best commercial microcrystalline cellulose grade, Avicel PH 101. The extraction yield of MCC-PNF was approximately 8% w/w. The cellulose material was composed of irregularly shaped fibrous cellulose particles and has a moisture content of 5.6% and total ash of 0.21%. The true density was 1.54 g/cm 3 . The flow indices showed that MCC-PNF flowed poorly. The hydration and swelling capacities were 3.82 and 56.8% respectively. The study revealed that the cellulose material comparesfavourably with Avicel PH 101 and conformed to official requirements specified in the British Pharmacopoeia and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients for microcrystalline cellulose. Keywords : palm nut fibres, microcrystalline cellulose, isolation, characterization Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 255-262","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72890821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-04-21DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34996
J. Xiao, F. Ren, M. Xu
Dried leaves of Marchantia convolute are largely used as hepatoprotectives, and to treat tumefaction of skins in China. Two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Marchantia convolute by silica gel column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC). These compounds were identified through spectral analysis (IR, UV, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, MS) as 5-hydroxyl-7-methoxyl-2- methylchromone and a flavone glycoside, Apigenin-7-O-s-D-glucuronide. Keywords : Marchantia convolute , apigenin-7-O-s-D-glucuronide, spectral analysis, flavones Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 300-313
在中国，卷地药的干叶子被广泛用作肝保护剂和治疗皮肤肿胀。采用硅胶柱和制备型高效液相色谱法从卷地药叶中分离得到两种黄酮类化合物。通过光谱分析(IR、UV、1hnmr、13cnmr、MS)鉴定为5-羟基-7-甲氧基-2-甲基色素和黄酮类苷Apigenin-7-O-s-D-glucuronide。关键词:卷地参，芹菜素-7- o -s- d -葡糖苷，光谱分析，黄酮，医药科学，Vol. 3(1) 2006: 300-313
{"title":"Flavones from Marchantia convoluta : isolation of apigenin7O- ß-D-glucuronide AND 5-hydroxyl-7-methoxyl-2-methylchromone","authors":"J. Xiao, F. Ren, M. Xu","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34996","url":null,"abstract":"Dried leaves of Marchantia convolute are largely used as hepatoprotectives, and to treat tumefaction of skins in China. Two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Marchantia convolute by silica gel column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC). These compounds were identified through spectral analysis (IR, UV, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, MS) as 5-hydroxyl-7-methoxyl-2- methylchromone and a flavone glycoside, Apigenin-7-O-s-D-glucuronide. Keywords : Marchantia convolute , apigenin-7-O-s-D-glucuronide, spectral analysis, flavones Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 300-313","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"310-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82380378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-04-21DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34990
K. Pandey
Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.), the Indian trumpet creeper, is commonly grown for ornament. In the present study, the aqueous extract of the leaves of the climber was evaluated for its pesticidal and insecticidal activities. A direct relationship was observed between the dose and the percentage larval mortality. Dosage values as expressed in log terms were, 1.398, 1.301, 1.230, 1.176 and 1.079 for 0.25, 0.20, 0.17, 0.15 and 0.12 ppm dose concentrations, respectively. For the insecticidal study, the percentage insect mortality was found to increase with the corresponding increase in dosage, indicating a direct relationship between the two. Highest insect mortality of 80% was observed with 5.75 µg/insect, while the lowest mortality of 20% was found, when the dosage was minimum at 0.35 µg/insect. Keywords : instecticidal, pesticidal, Campsis grandiflora Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 274-277
{"title":"Pesticidal and insecticidal effect of Campsis grandiflora (Thumb.)","authors":"K. Pandey","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34990","url":null,"abstract":"Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.), the Indian trumpet creeper, is commonly grown for ornament. In the present study, the aqueous extract of the leaves of the climber was evaluated for its pesticidal and insecticidal activities. A direct relationship was observed between the dose and the percentage larval mortality. Dosage values as expressed in log terms were, 1.398, 1.301, 1.230, 1.176 and 1.079 for 0.25, 0.20, 0.17, 0.15 and 0.12 ppm dose concentrations, respectively. For the insecticidal study, the percentage insect mortality was found to increase with the corresponding increase in dosage, indicating a direct relationship between the two. Highest insect mortality of 80% was observed with 5.75 µg/insect, while the lowest mortality of 20% was found, when the dosage was minimum at 0.35 µg/insect. Keywords : instecticidal, pesticidal, Campsis grandiflora Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 274-277","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"274-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78127215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-04-21DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34992
J. Okonta, P. Udeogaranya, C. Ezeagu
The effects of the two imidazole derivatives (cimetidine and metronidazole) on the control of blood glucose level by Glyburide were determined in normal and hyperglycemic rats. Both imidazole derivatives insignificantly reduced the blood glucose lowering ability of glyburide in both normal and hyperglycemic rats after a single dose administration. However, on the chronic administrations for 3 weeks, there were no observed significant variations in blood glucose levels of all the treated rats. Although the drugs did not significantly affect the control of blood glucose levels by glyburide, precautions must be taken when the need to co administer these drugs arises especially in a prolonged therapy situation. Keywords : glucose lowering, normoglycemic, hyperglycemic, imidazole derivatives and Glyburide Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 283-288
{"title":"Pharmacodynamic effects of cimetidine and metronidazole on the blood glucose lowering effect of glyburide in rats","authors":"J. Okonta, P. Udeogaranya, C. Ezeagu","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I1.34992","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the two imidazole derivatives (cimetidine and metronidazole) on the control of blood glucose level by Glyburide were determined in normal and hyperglycemic rats. Both imidazole derivatives insignificantly reduced the blood glucose lowering ability of glyburide in both normal and hyperglycemic rats after a single dose administration. However, on the chronic administrations for 3 weeks, there were no observed significant variations in blood glucose levels of all the treated rats. Although the drugs did not significantly affect the control of blood glucose levels by glyburide, precautions must be taken when the need to co administer these drugs arises especially in a prolonged therapy situation. Keywords : glucose lowering, normoglycemic, hyperglycemic, imidazole derivatives and Glyburide Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2006: 283-288","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"283-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89326121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：