Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48503
S. Fatumo, Cs Yah
Of the over 156 species of Plasmodium that infect vertebrates, only four infect man: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. Other species infect other animals including birds, reptiles and rodents. The rodent malaria parasites are Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium vinckei. Since research has shown a high similarity in sequence and properties between human and rodent, we sought to study the likely similar enzymatic pathways between the parasites that infect these two organisms that may be used as drug targets. The paper therefore, employed a computational biochemical approach to identify some choke points in the four selected species of Plasmodium: two (2) that infect humans and two (2) that infect rodents. These include- P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. berghei and P. chanbaudi respectively. In general, we identified an average of 178 chokepoint enzymes in these Plasmodium species which were common to all of them. Since there were several chokepoints enzymes common to all the species; we hypothesize that the chokepoints which are only common to a particular species could be possible drug targets to the individual parasites.
{"title":"In-Silico detection of chokepoints enzymes in four plasmodium species","authors":"S. Fatumo, Cs Yah","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48503","url":null,"abstract":"Of the over 156 species of Plasmodium that infect vertebrates, only four infect man: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. Other species infect other animals including birds, reptiles and rodents. The rodent malaria parasites are Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium vinckei. Since research has shown a high similarity in sequence and properties between human and rodent, we sought to study the likely similar enzymatic pathways between the parasites that infect these two organisms that may be used as drug targets. The paper therefore, employed a computational biochemical approach to identify some choke points in the four selected species of Plasmodium: two (2) that infect humans and two (2) that infect rodents. These include- P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. berghei and P. chanbaudi respectively. In general, we identified an average of 178 chokepoint enzymes in these Plasmodium species which were common to all of them. Since there were several chokepoints enzymes common to all the species; we hypothesize that the chokepoints which are only common to a particular species could be possible drug targets to the individual parasites.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80001953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48507
PAUL CHIDOKA CHIKEZIE, A. Uwakwe, C. Monago
In vivo study was carried out to ascertain the mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) index and corresponding stability of three erythrocyte genotypes (HbAA, HbAS and HbSS) in male volunteers, before (control; t=0 hour) and after (tests; i.e. at t=3, 6 and 18 hours) of administration of five (5) antimalarial drugs (FansidarTM, HalfanTM, quinine, CoartemTM, and chloroquine phosphate). Clinically confirmed healthy non-malarious and malarious male subjects/volunteers enrolled for this study. Erythrocytes obtained from these individuals were suspended in two separate sets of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solutions of decreasing concentrations in the following order: 0.9, 0.7, 0.6, 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 g/100 ml. Spectrophotometric method was used to determine the level of erythrocyte osmotic fragility. The mean (± S.D) MCF values of the three genotypes were in the order: HbAA there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the MCF values of HbAA and HbAS erythrocytes. Comparatively, parasitized erythrocytes exhibited significantly (p redox equilibrium of the red cells are agents of membrane destabilization.
{"title":"Compararive osmotic fragility of erythrocyte genotypes (HBAA, HBAS and HBSS) of male subjects administered antimalarial drugs","authors":"PAUL CHIDOKA CHIKEZIE, A. Uwakwe, C. Monago","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48507","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo study was carried out to ascertain the mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) index and corresponding stability of three erythrocyte genotypes (HbAA, HbAS and HbSS) in male volunteers, before (control; t=0 hour) and after (tests; i.e. at t=3, 6 and 18 hours) of administration of five (5) antimalarial drugs (FansidarTM, HalfanTM, quinine, CoartemTM, and chloroquine phosphate). Clinically confirmed healthy non-malarious and malarious male subjects/volunteers enrolled for this study. Erythrocytes obtained from these individuals were suspended in two separate sets of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solutions of decreasing concentrations in the following order: 0.9, 0.7, 0.6, 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 g/100 ml. Spectrophotometric method was used to determine the level of erythrocyte osmotic fragility. The mean (± S.D) MCF values of the three genotypes were in the order: HbAA there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the MCF values of HbAA and HbAS erythrocytes. Comparatively, parasitized erythrocytes exhibited significantly (p redox equilibrium of the red cells are agents of membrane destabilization.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48549
K. Pandey, E. Ibezim
Taxol, is conceivably the single most essential anticancer drug, today. It was first isolated in exceptionally low yield from the bark of the Western Yew, Taxus brevifolia. The clinical effectiveness of Taxol has impelled an incredible endeavor to obtain this intricate molecule synthetically. Owing to the chemical complication of Taxol, its commercial manufacture by total synthesis is not likely to be economical. The chemical and biological properties, along with mechanism of action of Taxol are discussed here.
{"title":"The chemistry and biology of the anticancer agent, taxol: A review","authors":"K. Pandey, E. Ibezim","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48549","url":null,"abstract":"Taxol, is conceivably the single most essential anticancer drug, today. It was first isolated in exceptionally low yield from the bark of the Western Yew, Taxus brevifolia. The clinical effectiveness of Taxol has impelled an incredible endeavor to obtain this intricate molecule synthetically. Owing to the chemical complication of Taxol, its commercial manufacture by total synthesis is not likely to be economical. The chemical and biological properties, along with mechanism of action of Taxol are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75865840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48512
E. Ibezim, P. Duchowicz, N. Ibezim, M. Sanservino, E. Castro
Modeling has come of age as a research tool in the basic sciences, especially the exact sciences. Specifically, in the discipline of chemistry, it has been of great utility. Its use dates back to the 17th Century and includes such wide areas as computational chemistry, chemoinformatics, molecular mechanics, chemical dynamics, molecular dynamics, molecular graphics and algorithms. Modeling has been employed extensively in discovering newer chemical compounds and in explaining some chemical properties hitherto unexplained by laboratory experimental procedures. In modeling, some ways of determining the total energy to predict molecular structures include the ab initio method, density functional method and the semi-empirical/empirical methods. Several computer softwares have been employed in chemistrybased modeling including the HUMO-LUMO, ATMOL, GAUSSIAN, IBMOL, and POLYAYTOM,
{"title":"Computer - based modeling in extract sciences research -I. Chemical Sciences","authors":"E. Ibezim, P. Duchowicz, N. Ibezim, M. Sanservino, E. Castro","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48512","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling has come of age as a research tool in the basic sciences, especially the exact sciences. Specifically, in the discipline of chemistry, it has been of great utility. Its use dates back to the 17th Century and includes such wide areas as computational chemistry, chemoinformatics, molecular mechanics, chemical dynamics, molecular dynamics, molecular graphics and algorithms. Modeling has been employed extensively in discovering newer chemical compounds and in explaining some chemical properties hitherto unexplained by laboratory experimental procedures. In modeling, some ways of determining the total energy to predict molecular structures include the ab initio method, density functional method and the semi-empirical/empirical methods. Several computer softwares have been employed in chemistrybased modeling including the HUMO-LUMO, ATMOL, GAUSSIAN, IBMOL, and POLYAYTOM,","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84857845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48543
PAUL CHIDOKA CHIKEZIE, A. Uwakwe, C. Monago
In vivo investigation to ascertain the capacities of five antimalarials drugs (Fansidar, Halfan, quinine, Coartem and chloroquine phosphate) to alter/distort non-parasitized human erythrocyte (HbAA genotype) glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was carried out. Apparent healthy and clinically confirmed non-malarious male volunteers enrolled for this study. The incubation of human erythrocytes with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) resulted in almost quantitative conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to form S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione. The reaction formed the basis for the spectrophotometric determination of GST activity. Determination of GST activity was carried out before (control; t=0 hour) and after (tests; i.e. at t=3, 6 and 18 hours) the five (5) antimalarial drugs were administered to the human volunteers. The control/reference values ranged between 3.27±0.13 and 3.40±0.05 )iu/gHb. Generally, the pattern of in vivo erythrocyte GST activity with time in the presence of the five antimalarial drugs showed a two-phase profile. The first stage showed decreasing levels of relative GST activity within approximate time range: (6
{"title":"Erythrocyte glutathione S-Transferase activity in human administered with five antimalarial drugs","authors":"PAUL CHIDOKA CHIKEZIE, A. Uwakwe, C. Monago","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48543","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo investigation to ascertain the capacities of five antimalarials drugs (Fansidar, Halfan, quinine, Coartem and chloroquine phosphate) to alter/distort non-parasitized human erythrocyte (HbAA genotype) glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was carried out. Apparent healthy and clinically confirmed non-malarious male volunteers enrolled for this study. The incubation of human erythrocytes with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) resulted in almost quantitative conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to form S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione. The reaction formed the basis for the spectrophotometric determination of GST activity. Determination of GST activity was carried out before (control; t=0 hour) and after (tests; i.e. at t=3, 6 and 18 hours) the five (5) antimalarial drugs were administered to the human volunteers. The control/reference values ranged between 3.27±0.13 and 3.40±0.05 )iu/gHb. Generally, the pattern of in vivo erythrocyte GST activity with time in the presence of the five antimalarial drugs showed a two-phase profile. The first stage showed decreasing levels of relative GST activity within approximate time range: (6","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81311303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48513
G. Adepoju, A. Akinbowale
It is the inalienable right of the pharmaceutical industry to continue to create medical breakthroughs in order to improve the quality and availability of essential drugs, equipment and consumables in order to impact on morbidity and mortality rates associated with emerging and re-emerging diseases. This study aims at evaluating the prospects and constraints that the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria faces in Research and Development (R&D) and its commercialization and how these could be overcome. Questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument using stratified sampling procedure. Findings show that the industry faces a lot of constraints due to economic, regulatory and scientific factors that have fundamentally changed the environment in which it operates. The changing focus of drug discovery and development, rising R & D expenditure, cost management, complexity of R & D (e.g. biotechnologies), lengthy period of R & D till commercialization among others, are disincentives to innovations and commercialization of the output of R & D. Thus, translation of the output of pharmaceutical R & D in developing countries like Nigeria is still low just as the prospect for commercialization and innovative skills remain low. The study recommends appropriate intervention strategies to overcome the militating factors so that the industry can grow and enhance the multiplier effect of improved quality of life benefits.
制药工业有不可剥夺的权利继续创造医疗突破，以改善基本药品、设备和消耗品的质量和供应，从而降低与新出现和再出现的疾病有关的发病率和死亡率。这项研究的目的是评估尼日利亚制药业在研发(R&D)及其商业化方面面临的前景和限制，以及如何克服这些限制。采用分层抽样方法，采用问卷调查作为数据收集工具。调查结果显示，由于经济、监管和科学因素，该行业面临着许多限制，这些因素从根本上改变了其运营环境。不断变化的药物发现和开发,重点研发支出上升,成本管理,R & D的复杂性(如生物技术),长期的R & D到商业化等,约束输出的创新和商业化的R & D .因此,翻译的输出制药R & D在尼日利亚这样的发展中国家仍然很低的商业化前景和创新技能仍然很低。研究建议适当的干预策略，以克服影响因素，使该行业得以发展，并提高生活质量效益的乘数效应。
{"title":"A critical analysis of the prospects and constraints to commercialization of indigenous pharmaceutical research and developments outputs in developing countries","authors":"G. Adepoju, A. Akinbowale","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I3.48513","url":null,"abstract":"It is the inalienable right of the pharmaceutical industry to continue to create medical breakthroughs in order to improve the quality and availability of essential drugs, equipment and consumables in order to impact on morbidity and mortality rates associated with emerging and re-emerging diseases. This study aims at evaluating the prospects and constraints that the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria faces in Research and Development (R&D) and its commercialization and how these could be overcome. Questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument using stratified sampling procedure. Findings show that the industry faces a lot of constraints due to economic, regulatory and scientific factors that have fundamentally changed the environment in which it operates. The changing focus of drug discovery and development, rising R & D expenditure, cost management, complexity of R & D (e.g. biotechnologies), lengthy period of R & D till commercialization among others, are disincentives to innovations and commercialization of the output of R & D. Thus, translation of the output of pharmaceutical R & D in developing countries like Nigeria is still low just as the prospect for commercialization and innovative skills remain low. The study recommends appropriate intervention strategies to overcome the militating factors so that the industry can grow and enhance the multiplier effect of improved quality of life benefits.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"763 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76922017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48559
O. Okorie, C. Esimone, I. Nzekwe, S. Okoli
Following claims of the use of the root bark of Zanthoxylum tessmannii in remedies for mouth and throat infections, particularly tonsillitis and oral thrush, it became necessary to examine the possibility of formulating the extract into lozenges. The root bark was extracted with methanol and the phytochemical composition of the extract evaluated using standard methods. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out on the extract, which was then tested for activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, using nystatin and ampicillin/cloxacillin as control standards respectively. The extract was formulated into lozenges by dry granulation followed by compression in a tableting machine. The compressed lozenges were evaluated for friability, thickness and diameter, weight uniformity and content of active ingredient. The tests revealed heavy presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, oils, carbohydrates and a trace quantity of reducing sugars, tannins and steroids. The extract showed significant activity against Candida albicans in comparison with nystatin, but not against Staphylococcus aureus. The lozenges were of uniform thickness and diameter, and also conformed to the official requirements for uniformity of weight and content of active ingredient for such preparations. We conclude that the bark of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii can be formulated into lozenges for oral thrush in paediatric and geriatric patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of lozenges formulated from the root bark extract of ZinthoxylumTessmannii","authors":"O. Okorie, C. Esimone, I. Nzekwe, S. Okoli","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48559","url":null,"abstract":"Following claims of the use of the root bark of Zanthoxylum tessmannii in remedies for mouth and throat infections, particularly tonsillitis and oral thrush, it became necessary to examine the possibility of formulating the extract into lozenges. The root bark was extracted with methanol and the phytochemical composition of the extract evaluated using standard methods. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out on the extract, which was then tested for activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, using nystatin and ampicillin/cloxacillin as control standards respectively. The extract was formulated into lozenges by dry granulation followed by compression in a tableting machine. The compressed lozenges were evaluated for friability, thickness and diameter, weight uniformity and content of active ingredient. The tests revealed heavy presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, oils, carbohydrates and a trace quantity of reducing sugars, tannins and steroids. The extract showed significant activity against Candida albicans in comparison with nystatin, but not against Staphylococcus aureus. The lozenges were of uniform thickness and diameter, and also conformed to the official requirements for uniformity of weight and content of active ingredient for such preparations. We conclude that the bark of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii can be formulated into lozenges for oral thrush in paediatric and geriatric patients.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89840373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/jophas.v6i4.48556
E. Ibezim, P. Duchowicz, N. Ibezim, C. Njoku, Sa Brown, O. Okorie, M. Sanservino, E. Castro
The use of molecular modeling in exact science based researches has come a long way. Our earlier paper focused on its use in chemistry and physics disciplines. Molecular modeling techniques have been of great applicability in the study of the biological sciences and other exact science fields like agriculture, mathematics, computer science and the like. In this write up, a list of computer programs for predicting, for instance, the structure of proteins has been provided. Discussions on different types of models, structural bioinformatics, Monte Carlos methods and their applications in finance and business, telecommunications, physical sciences, designs and visuals, games and methematics bioinformatics are presented. Some recent applications of molecular modeling in biological, agricultural and mathematical researches are presented.
{"title":"Computer - based modeling in extract sciences research -III. Biological and related sciences","authors":"E. Ibezim, P. Duchowicz, N. Ibezim, C. Njoku, Sa Brown, O. Okorie, M. Sanservino, E. Castro","doi":"10.4314/jophas.v6i4.48556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jophas.v6i4.48556","url":null,"abstract":"The use of molecular modeling in exact science based researches has come a long way. Our earlier paper focused on its use in chemistry and physics disciplines. Molecular modeling techniques have been of great applicability in the study of the biological sciences and other exact science fields like agriculture, mathematics, computer science and the like. In this write up, a list of computer programs for predicting, for instance, the structure of proteins has been provided. Discussions on different types of models, structural bioinformatics, Monte Carlos methods and their applications in finance and business, telecommunications, physical sciences, designs and visuals, games and methematics bioinformatics are presented. Some recent applications of molecular modeling in biological, agricultural and mathematical researches are presented.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80592722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48560
E. Ibezim, P. Duchowicz, N. Ibezim, E. Castro
QSPR constitutes one of the major areas within computational chemistry and refers to the process of correlating chemical structure of compounds with their physicochemical properties. To achieve this, it employs a wide range of computational programmes and computer softwares including DRAGON, MATLAB, HYPERCHEM and RECKON. Experimental data are first generated from which models or equations are derived that now help to predict the properties of known or unknown compounds whose properties are hitherto unknown. It is a very useful tool in the search for new compounds with improved physicochemical properties like melting point, boiling point, free energy, activation energy, partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient and the like.
{"title":"Linear computational QSPR for property elucidation and new chemical synthesis","authors":"E. Ibezim, P. Duchowicz, N. Ibezim, E. Castro","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48560","url":null,"abstract":"QSPR constitutes one of the major areas within computational chemistry and refers to the process of correlating chemical structure of compounds with their physicochemical properties. To achieve this, it employs a wide range of computational programmes and computer softwares including DRAGON, MATLAB, HYPERCHEM and RECKON. Experimental data are first generated from which models or equations are derived that now help to predict the properties of known or unknown compounds whose properties are hitherto unknown. It is a very useful tool in the search for new compounds with improved physicochemical properties like melting point, boiling point, free energy, activation energy, partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient and the like.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91273371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48558
U. Georgewill, O. Georgewill, R. Nwankwoala
This study investigated the pharmacological activity of the principle from the spines of the seed pods of Mucuna pruriens using contraction of guinea pig ileum as index of pharmacological activity. The active principle was extracted with 0.0015 M NaCl. Muscle strips of guinea pig ileum were prepared and contractile responses were measured using a Kymograph. Two sets of experiments were conducted viz: the contraction of the ileum in the presence of different concentrations of histamine, 2 – methylhistamine and the extract of Mucuna pruriens and the contractile response of the ileum in the presence of different concentrations of the extract and antagonists – diphenhydramine, atropine and methysergide. Mucuna pruriens extract, 2 – methylhistamine and histamine produced dose dependent contraction of guinea pig ileum (Extract ED50 = 13.0 ig/ml; 2 – methylhistamine ED=50-8.5 ig/ml and Histamine ED50=10 ig/ml). Diphenhydramine, an H1 antagonist competitively blocked the contractile response of the extract and coadministration of the extract either with different doses of antimuscarinic agent atropine or 5 – hydroxytryptamine blocking agent, methysergide did not alter the extract - induced contractile response of the guinea pig ileum. These results demonstrate that the spines of Mucuna pruriens possess histamine activity which may contribute to its itching and painful irritation effects.
{"title":"A study of the histaminic activity of extract of Mucuna pruriens","authors":"U. Georgewill, O. Georgewill, R. Nwankwoala","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48558","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the pharmacological activity of the principle from the spines of the seed pods of Mucuna pruriens using contraction of guinea pig ileum as index of pharmacological activity. The active principle was extracted with 0.0015 M NaCl. Muscle strips of guinea pig ileum were prepared and contractile responses were measured using a Kymograph. Two sets of experiments were conducted viz: the contraction of the ileum in the presence of different concentrations of histamine, 2 – methylhistamine and the extract of Mucuna pruriens and the contractile response of the ileum in the presence of different concentrations of the extract and antagonists – diphenhydramine, atropine and methysergide. Mucuna pruriens extract, 2 – methylhistamine and histamine produced dose dependent contraction of guinea pig ileum (Extract ED50 = 13.0 ig/ml; 2 – methylhistamine ED=50-8.5 ig/ml and Histamine ED50=10 ig/ml). Diphenhydramine, an H1 antagonist competitively blocked the contractile response of the extract and coadministration of the extract either with different doses of antimuscarinic agent atropine or 5 – hydroxytryptamine blocking agent, methysergide did not alter the extract - induced contractile response of the guinea pig ileum. These results demonstrate that the spines of Mucuna pruriens possess histamine activity which may contribute to its itching and painful irritation effects.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"9 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83659982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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