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Relevance of diet diversification in the coexistence between Orius laevigatus and Amblyseius swirskii: prey switching and intraguild predation 食谱多样化与黄鹂和虹鳟共存的相关性:猎物转换和群内捕食
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01762-5

Abstract

Omnivores obtain resources from more than one trophic level, choosing food based on quantity and quality. They usually engage in intraguild predation (IGP) when prey is scarce. Orius laevigatus is an example of omnivore that becomes superior predator of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii when released in a combined system under low levels of the preferred prey, the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Here, we test two genetically enhanced O. laevigatus strains for bigger size and better fitness feeding on pollen (BIG30 and 2POL-11, respectively), hence with a wider dietary diversification, to elucidate the potential effects on prey preference and IGP on the predatory mite, in comparison with a commercial population of O. laevigatus. To do that, predation rates were registered on adult phytoseiids solely or in a choice situation at different availability ratios of adult thrips under laboratory conditions. The effect of pollen as supplemental food on IGP and prey preference was examined, too. We found that our two enhanced lines killed up to 9% less predatory mites and fed preferably on adult thrips, compared to the commercial population. While BIG30 showed a significantly higher total predation rate, killing up to 150% more adult thrips, 2POL-11 is defined as an efficient user of resources, switching between different prey and pollen showing low IGP. Pollen supplementation had a significant effect on reducing IGP, but only for 2POL-11 the influence on prey preference was significant. The theory of intraguild predation and the impact of prey switching on food webs and biological control strategies are also discussed.

摘要 杂食动物从一个以上的营养级获取资源,根据数量和质量选择食物。当猎物稀少时,它们通常会进行体内捕食(IGP)。黄鹂(Orius laevigatus)是杂食性动物的一个例子,当它们被释放到一个组合系统中,在低水平的首选猎物蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)条件下,黄鹂会成为捕食螨Amblyseius swirskii的高级捕食者。在这里,我们测试了两个基因增强的 O. laevigatus 品系(分别为 BIG30 和 2POL-11),这两个品系体型更大,以花粉为食的适应性更好,因此食性更多样化,我们希望通过与 O. laevigatus 的商业种群进行比较,阐明其对猎物偏好和捕食螨 IGP 的潜在影响。为此,在实验室条件下,根据不同的蓟马成虫供应率,对植物螨成虫的捕食率进行了记录。我们还研究了花粉作为补充食物对 IGP 和猎物偏好的影响。我们发现,与商业种群相比,我们的两个强化品系杀死的捕食性螨虫数量减少了 9%,并且更喜欢捕食成蓟马。BIG30 的总捕食率明显更高,杀死的蓟马成虫比 BIG30 多 150%,而 2POL-11 则被定义为资源的有效利用者,可在不同的猎物和花粉之间切换,显示出较低的 IGP。补充花粉对降低 IGP 有显著影响,但只有 2POL-11 对猎物偏好的影响显著。此外,还讨论了种内捕食理论以及猎物转换对食物网和生物控制策略的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Insecticide activity under changing environmental conditions: a meta-analysis 不断变化的环境条件下的杀虫剂活性:荟萃分析
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01766-1
Dexian Li, Kaisong Jiang, Xiaoxia Wang, Deguang Liu

The effect of environmental change on activity of insecticides against insects has been greatly debated, and it is of significance to evaluate general patterns of change and explore the potential mechanisms that drive the changes in the context of global climate change. To that end, we constructed three multilevel meta-analyses and phylogenetically-corrected models based on 810 individual effect sizes of insecticide activity from 95 studies with variable levels of temperatures, humidities, and CO2 concentrations. We found that increasing temperatures could overall increase the insecticidal activity of insecticides by 1.33 times. Increasing temperatures will boost the activity of some types of insecticides (e.g., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors), but decrease the activity of some other types (e.g., sodium channel modulators). Activities of stomach toxicants and fumigants are overall more sensitive to increasing temperatures than other insecticides. The sensitivity of insects in Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera to insecticides will also tend to increase significantly due to increasing temperatures. The magnitude of warming was found to have strong interactive effects with both insecticide class and insect group. Although moisture changes were showed to have no significant effects on insecticidal activity overall, our meta-regression analyses identified a positive relationship between insecticide activity and the magnitude of humidity change. No significant relationships between changes in CO2 concentrations and insecticide activity were identified. Our results are critical in adaptation of insecticide application and pest management strategies, and forecasting insecticide risks (e.g., resistance development) across global climate regions under future warming conditions.

环境变化对杀虫剂杀虫活性的影响一直备受争议,在全球气候变化的背景下,评估变化的一般模式并探索驱动变化的潜在机制具有重要意义。为此,我们根据 95 项研究中 810 个杀虫剂活性的个体效应大小构建了三个多层次元分析和系统发育校正模型,这些研究的温度、湿度和二氧化碳浓度水平各不相同。我们发现,温度升高可使杀虫剂的杀虫活性总体提高 1.33 倍。温度升高会提高某些类型杀虫剂(如乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂)的活性,但会降低其他一些类型杀虫剂(如钠通道调节剂)的活性。与其他杀虫剂相比,胃毒剂和熏蒸剂的活性总体上对温度升高更敏感。半翅目、鞘翅目和双翅目昆虫对杀虫剂的敏感性也会因温度升高而显著增加。研究发现,气候变暖的程度与杀虫剂类别和昆虫种类都有很强的交互影响。尽管湿度变化总体上对杀虫活性没有显著影响,但我们的元回归分析发现,杀虫活性与湿度变化幅度之间存在正相关关系。二氧化碳浓度变化与杀虫活性之间没有明显关系。我们的研究结果对于适应未来气候变暖条件下的杀虫剂应用和害虫管理策略以及预测全球气候区域的杀虫剂风险(如抗药性发展)至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Insect resilience: unraveling responses and adaptations to cold temperatures 昆虫的恢复力:揭示对低温的反应和适应性
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-023-01741-2
Farman Ullah, Arzlan Abbas, Hina Gul, Ali Güncan, Muhammad Hafeez, Basana-Gowda Gadratagi, Lizette Cicero, Ricardo Ramirez-Romero, Nicolas Desneux, Zhihong Li

Insects are vital arthropods that significantly impact various ecosystems. Their successful colonization of diverse habitats spanning from cold to warm environments is made possible by numerous adaptations shaped by environmental selection. This comprehensive review delves into the spectrum of physiological adaptations exhibited by insects to thrive in diverse environments, with a particular emphasis on the connection between these adaptations and the challenges posed by cold temperatures. Focusing on both long-term and short-term strategies, the review highlights the key protective mechanisms that insects employ to cope and thrive in cold temperatures. To withstand these constraints, insects have developed four main strategies: freeze tolerance, freeze avoidance, cryoprotective dehydration, and vitrification. These adaptive responses involve crucial physiological and biochemical changes that enable insects to withstand low temperatures. Specifically, insects exhibit cold tolerance through a range of molecular adaptive strategies, which encompass alterations in the expression of specific target genes, the synthesis of ice core formers, and the production of polyol cryoprotectants. Despite these remarkable results, there is still a lack of in-depth knowledge about the major factors contributing to successful overwintering of insects and their ability to withstand extremely low temperatures. To address these gaps, technological advances and genome sequencing of model organisms are critical to uncover the molecular mechanisms in insect responses to low temperatures. The knowledge gained from these advances provides valuable information about insect cold tolerance strategies and paves the way for a better understanding of their ecological importance and potential applications in conservation and ecological management.

昆虫是对各种生态系统有重大影响的重要节肢动物。它们之所以能够成功地在从寒冷到温暖的不同栖息地定居,是因为它们在环境选择中形成了许多适应性。本综述深入探讨了昆虫为在不同环境中茁壮成长而表现出的各种生理适应性,并特别强调了这些适应性与低温挑战之间的联系。这篇综述以长期和短期策略为重点,强调了昆虫为应对和在低温环境中茁壮成长而采用的关键保护机制。为了抵御这些限制,昆虫开发了四种主要策略:耐冻、避冻、低温保护性脱水和玻璃化。这些适应性反应涉及重要的生理和生化变化,使昆虫能够抵御低温。具体来说,昆虫通过一系列分子适应策略表现出耐寒性,这些策略包括改变特定目标基因的表达、合成冰核形成物以及生产多元醇低温保护剂。尽管取得了这些令人瞩目的成果,但人们对昆虫成功越冬的主要因素及其抵御极端低温的能力仍然缺乏深入了解。为了弥补这些差距,技术进步和模式生物基因组测序对于揭示昆虫对低温反应的分子机制至关重要。从这些进展中获得的知识提供了有关昆虫耐寒策略的宝贵信息,为更好地了解昆虫的生态重要性以及在保护和生态管理中的潜在应用铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of odorant-binding proteins in the antennal transcriptome of Cotesia ruficrus and the response of CrufOBP3 and CrufOBP17 to maize volatiles 鉴定大黄蜂触角转录组中的气味结合蛋白以及CrufOBP3和CrufOBP17对玉米挥发性物质的反应
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01754-5
Wen-Wen Wang, Peng-Yang He, Bi-Ting Tian, Tong-Xian Liu, Xiang-Feng Jing, Shi-Ze Zhang

Cotesia ruficrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an endoparasitic natural enemy of various Lepidopteran pests, and it plays a significant role in integrated pest management. In the field survey of maize fields, we found for the first time that the indigenous parasitoid C. ruficrus parasitized the major invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. We identified 18 odorant-binding proteins (CrufOBPs) of C. ruficrus through the RNA-Seq method, and PCR analysis showed that 13 out of the CrufOBPs were highly expressed in antennae. Two CrufOBPs, CrufOBP3 with the highest antennal expression and CrufOBP17 with antenna-specific expression, were selected for protein biosynthesis in the prokaryotic protein expression system and subjected to protein purification. Through fluorescence binding assay, seven maize volatile compounds were selected for the antennal electroantennography (EAG) study, and the results indicated that female C. ruficrus exhibited distinct responses to these volatiles at different concentrations. Octanal and 2-heptanone of 10 mg mL−1 were chosen for olfactory behavioral experiments because of their high EAG responses, and the results showed that C. ruficrus adults were significantly attracted at certain concentrations. Furthermore, in the cage experiments, 10 mg mL−1 of 2-heptanone significantly increased the parasitism rate of C. ruficrus on S. frugiperda. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis for studying the odorant-binding protein family of C. ruficrus but also contribute to the development of novel pest control strategies for this invasive pest management.

Cotesia ruficrus(膜翅目:蝙蝠科)是多种鳞翅目害虫的内寄生天敌,在害虫综合防治中发挥着重要作用。在对玉米田的实地调查中,我们首次发现本地寄生虫 C. ruficrus 寄生了中国主要入侵害虫 Spodoptera frugiperda(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)。通过RNA-Seq方法,我们鉴定了18个气味结合蛋白(CrufOBPs),PCR分析表明,其中13个CrufOBPs在触角中高表达。在原核生物蛋白表达系统中,选择了触角表达量最高的CrufOBP3和触角特异表达的CrufOBP17两种CrufOBPs进行蛋白生物合成,并进行了蛋白纯化。通过荧光结合试验,选择了七种玉米挥发性化合物进行触角电触觉图(EAG)研究,结果表明,在不同浓度下,雌鼠对这些挥发性化合物表现出不同的反应。由于辛醛和 10 mg mL-1 的 2-庚酮具有较高的 EAG 反应,因此被选来进行嗅觉行为实验。此外,在笼子实验中,10 mg mL-1 的 2-heptanone 能显著提高 C. ruficrus 对 S. frugiperda 的寄生率。这些发现不仅为研究C. ruficrus的气味结合蛋白家族提供了理论依据,而且有助于针对这种入侵性害虫制定新型害虫控制策略。
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引用次数: 0
Effective gap-based exclusion netting to prevent oviposition by the red-necked longhorn beetle Aromia bungii on ornamental trees 防止红颈长角金龟子在观赏树上产卵的有效间隙型排除网
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01756-3
Yuichi Yamamoto, Michiaki Yamada, Shuji Kaneko

The red-necked longhorn beetle, Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a wood-boring pest of ornamental cherry trees in the Rosaceae family. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a preventive measure using fine-mesh netting in preventing A. bungii from oviposition on host cherry trees. Aromia bungii typically oviposits in cracks and crevices of host tree bark using its elongated ovipositor, leading to higher infestations on the lower trunk where there are abundant rough barks suitable for the beetle oviposition. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of netting with a gap that exceeded the reach of the A. bungii ovipositor from the tree surface. This evaluation involved laboratory experiments using cut branches and field experiments using lower trunks from standing trees. In the field, we determined the distribution of A. bungii body sizes and estimated the maximum ovipositor length based on their proportional relationship. This led to the establishment of a 10 mm gap for the test net, featuring a 0.4 mm mesh. Both laboratory and field experiments confirmed that the 0.4 mm mesh net with the specified gap effectively prevented A. bungii oviposition in netted areas. Field experiments also suggested a potential shift in oviposition sites from netted (lower) to un-netted (upper) areas in trees with nets, considering results from trees without nets. Although various measures, such as insecticide spraying, are necessary to safeguard areas without nets, our netting method can serve as a fundamental component of integrated pest management against A. bungii.

红颈长角蠹 Aromia bungii(鞘翅目:Cerambycidae)是蔷薇科观赏樱桃树的一种蛀木害虫。本研究评估了使用细网预防措施阻止 A. bungii 在寄主樱桃树上产卵的效果。Aromia bungii通常利用其细长的产卵器在寄主树皮的裂缝中产卵,导致树干下部的虫害较高,因为那里有大量适合甲虫产卵的粗糙树皮。因此,我们评估了间隙超过 A. bungii产卵器从树表面到达的距离的网具的效果。评估包括使用剪下的树枝进行的实验室实验和使用立木下部树干进行的现场实验。在野外,我们确定了 A. bungii 的体型分布,并根据它们的比例关系估算了最大产卵器长度。因此,我们为试验网设定了 10 毫米的间隙,网眼为 0.4 毫米。实验室和现场实验都证实,0.4 毫米网眼的指定间隙能有效防止 A. bungii 在网区产卵。现场实验还表明,考虑到没有网的树木的结果,有网树木的产卵地点可能会从有网区域(下部)转移到无网区域(上部)。尽管有必要采取各种措施(如喷洒杀虫剂)来保护无网区域,但我们的撒网方法可以作为虫害综合防治的一个基本组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Antibiotics ingestion altered the composition of gut microbes and affected the development and reproduction of the fall armyworm 摄入抗生素改变了肠道微生物的组成,并影响了秋刺吸虫的发育和繁殖
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01759-0
Yan Fu, Luo-Yan Zhang, Qing-Yi Zhao, Da-Ying Fu, Hong Yu, Jin Xu, Song Yang

A dynamic homeostasis between gut microbiome and the host is essential for animals. Antibiotics feeding may be a good way to study the function of microbes in insects due to efficiency and a linkage with pest control. Here, by using 16S rDNA sequencing, we show antibiotics feeding significantly altered the composition and diversity of microbes in different stages of Spodoptera frugiperda and showed dose dependent effects. Antibiotics ingestion resulted in a dramatic reduction of Enterococcus in larvae and Klebsiella in adults, but increase of Weissella in larvae and Pseudomonas in pupae and adults. Enterococcus spp in the lepidopteran gut may play a protective role against insect pathogens and Klebsiella spp may have positive effects on insect fecundity. Some strains from Pseudomonas and Weissella are pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. Further biological assay showed that antibiotics treatment significantly affected the fitness of treated insects and their untreated offspring, with treated insects and their offspring having longer developmental period but lower body weight, survival rate, flight capacity and fecundity than those of controls. Lepidopterans may rely on gut microbiome for some digestions and previous study indicated that antibiotics-induced dysbiosis of gut microbes affects many biological processes of S. frugiperda. Therefore, it is possible that antibiotics disrupted the homeostasis of gut microbes and the host, which then negatively affected the survival and reproduction of S. frugiperda. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of the microbiota in insects and will aid in the development of environmentally friendly management techniques for this pest.

肠道微生物群与宿主之间的动态平衡对动物至关重要。饲喂抗生素可能是研究昆虫体内微生物功能的一个好方法,因为它效率高,而且与害虫控制有关。在此,我们利用 16S rDNA 测序表明,饲喂抗生素会显著改变鞘翅目蛙不同阶段的微生物组成和多样性,并表现出剂量依赖效应。摄入抗生素导致幼虫体内的肠球菌和成虫体内的克雷伯氏菌急剧减少,但幼虫体内的魏氏菌和蛹及成虫体内的假单胞菌却有所增加。鳞翅目昆虫肠道中的肠球菌属可能对昆虫的病原体起到保护作用,而克雷伯氏菌属可能对昆虫的繁殖力有积极影响。假单胞菌和魏氏菌中的一些菌株是病原体或机会性病原体。进一步的生物检测表明,抗生素处理对处理过的昆虫及其未处理的后代的体能有显著影响,处理过的昆虫及其后代的发育期比对照组长,但体重、存活率、飞行能力和繁殖力比对照组低。鳞翅目昆虫的一些消化过程可能依赖肠道微生物群,先前的研究表明,抗生素引起的肠道微生物菌群失调会影响鞘翅目昆虫的许多生物学过程。因此,抗生素有可能破坏了肠道微生物和宿主的平衡,进而对食蚜蝇的生存和繁殖产生负面影响。这些发现有助于更好地了解微生物群在昆虫中的作用,并有助于开发针对这种害虫的环境友好型管理技术。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying candidate host plants for trap cropping against Drosophila suzukii in vineyards 确定候选寄主植物,用于诱捕葡萄园中的铃木果蝇
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01748-3
Anne-Laure Fragnière, Sven Bacher, Patrik Kehrli

The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a serious pest in vineyards where it is difficult to control. Trap cropping, which involves manipulating the host plant composition in the crop vicinity to lure the pest away from grapes and towards more attractive host plant fruits, might be an interesting but so far neglected control approach to limit SWD egg-laying in grapes. An ideal trap crop should be more attractive to the pest than the actual crop and should ideally restrict pest development. We determined the attractiveness of fruits of 60 plant species for SWD egg-laying and their suitability for larval development in laboratory assays. Compared to grapes, 16 of the 60 fruits were strongly preferred by SWD females for egg-laying and additionally inhibited the development of SWD larvae into adults. Host preference was strongly influenced by the hardness of the fruit skin, and larval development was marginally affected by the acidity of fruits. However, none of the measured fruit traits had a significant effect on the emergence success of SWD. All 16 candidate trap crop plants should be further tested for their potential to reduce SWD infestation of grapes. We provide practical advice on the next steps to be taken for implementing a successful trap cropping strategy against SWD in commercial vineyards.

斑翅果蝇(SWD),即松村果蝇(双翅目:果蝇科),是葡萄园中的一种严重害虫,很难控制。诱捕作物是指操纵作物附近的寄主植物成分,引诱害虫远离葡萄,转而吃更有吸引力的寄主植物果实,这可能是一种有趣但迄今被忽视的控制方法,可限制 SWD 在葡萄中产卵。理想的诱捕作物应该比实际作物对害虫更有吸引力,并能理想地限制害虫的发展。我们在实验室试验中测定了 60 种植物果实对 SWD 产卵的吸引力及其对幼虫发育的适宜性。与葡萄相比,60 种水果中有 16 种是 SWD 雌虫产卵的强烈偏好,此外还能抑制 SWD 幼虫发育成成虫。寄主偏好受果皮硬度的影响很大,而幼虫发育受果实酸度的影响很小。然而,所测量的果实性状均未对 SWD 的出现成功率产生显著影响。所有 16 种候选诱捕作物都应进一步测试其减少葡萄 SWD 侵染的潜力。我们就下一步如何在商业葡萄园中成功实施诱捕作物战略以防治 SWD 提供了实用的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Blue LED trap and commercial lure improve western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) monitoring in cucumber crops 蓝色 LED 诱捕器和商品诱饵改善了黄瓜作物中西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)的监测工作
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01752-7

Abstract

Blue sticky traps contribute substantially to monitoring the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in greenhouses. Although sticky traps can detect the initial presence of thrips reliably, an estimation of the actual thrips density in the crop by counting number of thrips on the traps is often not accurate. To overcome this issue, we compared blue sticky traps and newly developed sticky LED-enlightened traps in combination with the commercial thrips kairomone Lurem-TR under commercial growing conditions. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), crop stands in greenhouse cabins investigating the correlation between thrips caught on (LED) traps and the thrips density in the crop for an accurate and reliable thrips monitoring. Additionally, experiments aiming to understand underlying mechanisms of thrips orientation towards traps in different scenarios were conducted under controlled conditions. Results show that thrips catches on sticky LED enlightened coloured traps correlated strongly positive with number of thrips in the crop, especially at low thrips population densities. Adding Lurem to this trap type further improved accuracy of the correlation in the greenhouse cabin experiment. Moreover, LED traps with and without Lurem were more attractive towards thrips in small follow-up experiments compared to standard blue sticky traps. The results are discussed in the context of general orientation of thrips and its behaviour towards visual and olfactory cues when considering different scenarios. Our study shows the successful integration of blue LEDs into an existing trapping system and underlines the advantages compared with standard sticky plates. In conclusion, sticky LED enlightened coloured traps have a potential as an improved thrips monitoring device that might improve pest management decisions.

摘要 蓝色粘捕器对监测温室中的西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande,蓟马科)有很大帮助。虽然粘性诱捕器能可靠地检测到蓟马的初始存在,但通过计算诱捕器上的蓟马数量来估计作物中蓟马的实际密度往往并不准确。为了解决这个问题,我们在商业种植条件下比较了蓝色粘性诱捕器和新开发的 LED 照明粘性诱捕器与商用蓟马杀灭剂 Lurem-TR 的组合。因此,我们在温室中的黄瓜(葫芦科)作物架上进行了一项实验,调查(LED)诱捕器上捕获的蓟马与作物中蓟马密度之间的相关性,以实现准确可靠的蓟马监测。此外,还在受控条件下进行了旨在了解蓟马在不同情况下向诱捕器定向的基本机制的实验。结果表明,在 LED 发光的粘性彩色诱捕器上捕获的蓟马与作物中的蓟马数量密切相关,尤其是在蓟马种群密度较低的情况下。在温室小屋实验中,将 Lurem 添加到这种诱捕器中进一步提高了相关性的准确性。此外,在小型后续实验中,与标准的蓝色粘性诱捕器相比,添加和未添加 Lurem 的 LED 诱捕器对蓟马更有吸引力。在考虑不同情况时,我们结合蓟马的一般取向及其对视觉和嗅觉线索的行为对结果进行了讨论。我们的研究表明,蓝色 LED 成功融入了现有的诱捕系统,并强调了与标准粘板相比的优势。总之,LED发光粘性彩色诱捕器有可能成为一种改进的蓟马监测设备,从而改进害虫管理决策。
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引用次数: 0
Callose deposition regulates differences in cotton aphid resistance among six watermelon varieties 胼胝质沉积调节六个西瓜品种对棉蚜抗性的差异
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01757-2
Yongqian Zhang, Yue Zhang, Aiqing Chen, Ran Huo, Hongyu Yan, Zhiyong Zhang, Honggang Guo

Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) are important pests of cucurbit crops. Plant defenses at different cell layers, including the leaf surface, mesophyll cells, and phloem, are employed to defend aphids. Here, we assessed differences in aphid resistance among six watermelon varieties and elucidated the defense mechanisms underlying aphid-resistant/susceptible watermelon varieties. The population abundance, offspring number per female, and meantime of phloem-feeding (E2 phase) of aphids were the highest on XiNong (XN), followed by JingXin (JX), TianWang (TW), ZaoJia (ZJ), and MeiFuLai (MFL), and these parameters were the lowest on JinMeiDu (JMD). Further analyses showed that there was no correlation between the aphid resistance of six watermelon varieties and defenses at the leaf surface. For defenses at mesophyll cells, aphid infestation increased salicylic acid (SA) content at 48 h post-infestation (hpi) and ROS accumulation at 6 and 12 hpi in six watermelon varieties. For phloem defenses, aphid infestation increased callose content in JMD plants but decreased callose content in JX, TW, ZJ, MFL, and XN plants at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hpi. Moreover, callose deposition suppressed by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DDG) neutralized the resistance of JMD plants and exacerbated the susceptibility of XN plants to aphids, which exhibited a higher population abundance and E2 phase time. Collectively, phloem defenses regulated by aphid-induced callose deposition were responsible for differences in aphid resistance among the watermelon varieties.

棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)是葫芦科作物的重要害虫。植物在不同细胞层(包括叶面、叶肉细胞和韧皮部)的防御系统都能抵御蚜虫。在此,我们评估了六个西瓜品种对蚜虫的抗性差异,并阐明了抗蚜虫/易感蚜虫西瓜品种的防御机制。结果表明,西农(XN)的蚜虫种群数量、每只雌蚜的后代数量和噬茎期(E2期)最高,其次是京欣(JX)、天王(TW)、早佳(ZJ)和美福来(MFL),而金美都(JMD)的这些参数最低。进一步的分析表明,六个西瓜品种的抗蚜性与叶面防御性之间没有相关性。在叶肉细胞的防御能力方面,蚜虫侵染增加了六个西瓜品种侵染后 48 小时(hpi)的水杨酸(SA)含量以及侵染后 6 小时和 12 小时的 ROS 积累。在韧皮部防御能力方面,蚜虫侵染增加了 JMD 植株的胼胝质含量,但减少了 JX、TW、ZJ、MFL 和 XN 植株在 6、12、24 和 48 hpi 的胼胝质含量。此外,2-脱氧-d-葡萄糖(2-DDG)抑制的胼胝质沉积中和了 JMD 植物的抗性,并加剧了 XN 植物对蚜虫的易感性,后者表现出更高的种群丰度和 E2 期时间。总之,由蚜虫诱导的胼胝质沉积调节的韧皮部防御是造成西瓜品种间抗蚜性差异的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Biocontrol potential of Priestia megaterium YB-3 against Meloidogyne graminicola and its impact on the rhizosphere microbial community Priestia megaterium YB-3 对禾谷黑僵菌的生物防治潜力及其对根圈微生物群落的影响
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-024-01753-6
Shan Ye, Yihang Ma, Siyu Zhou, Rui Yan, Zhuhong Yang, Zhong Ding

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly destructive pests that cause enormous crop losses worldwide. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, exploring the potential of biocontrol agents has become crucial for nematode management. Priestia megaterium YB-3 was originally isolated from rice rhizosphere soil. In vitro experiments with the fermentation supernatant of YB-3 exhibited up to 96.0% mortality of M. graminicola second-stage juveniles (J2) and 39.2% egg hatching inhibition rate at 48 h after treatment. In greenhouse and field experiments, the application of YB-3 significantly suppressed the gall index, final nematode and egg populations compared to the untreated control, while it promoted rice (Oryza sativa) growth. YB-3 showed consistently high biocontrol efficacy against M. graminicola. Moreover, YB-3 remarkably enhanced the expression of defence genes involved in salicylic acid (OsNPR1, OsWRKY45, OsPR1a), jasmonic acid (OsJaMYB, OsAOS2) and ethylene (OsACS1) signalling pathways at different levels. In addition, YB-3 steadily colonized rice rhizosphere soil at levels ranging from 3.54 × 103 to 9.08 × 104 cfu/g soil. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the application of YB-3 had no significant influence on the rice rhizosphere microbial community structure, and the taxa enriched in the YB-3 treatment were Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota. YB-3 effectively suppressed M. graminicola infection, possibly because it colonized the rice rhizosphere, induced plant resistance and increased the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms. Priestia megaterium YB-3 could be a promising and safe biological component in the integrated management of M. graminicola.

根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)随着环保意识的增强,探索生物控制剂的潜力已成为线虫治理的关键。Priestia megaterium YB-3 最初是从水稻根瘤土壤中分离出来的。用 YB-3 的发酵上清液进行的体外实验表明,在处理后 48 小时内,啮齿目线虫第二阶段幼虫(J2)的死亡率高达 96.0%,卵孵化抑制率为 39.2%。在温室和田间试验中,与未处理的对照组相比,施用 YB-3 能显著抑制虫瘿指数、最终线虫数量和虫卵数量,同时促进水稻(Oryza sativa)的生长。YB-3 对禾谷线虫的生物防治效果一直很高。此外,YB-3 在不同水平上显著提高了参与水杨酸(OsNPR1、OsWRKY45、OsPR1a)、茉莉酸(OsJaMYB、OsAOS2)和乙烯(OsACS1)信号通路的防御基因的表达。此外,YB-3 在水稻根瘤土壤中的定殖水平从 3.54 × 103 到 9.08 × 104 cfu/g 不等。高通量测序分析表明,施用 YB-3 对水稻根圈微生物群落结构无显著影响,YB-3 处理中富集的类群为酸性杆菌、类杆菌和子囊菌。YB-3 能有效抑制禾谷粉菌的感染,可能是因为它在水稻根圈中定植,诱导了植物的抗性,并增加了有益微生物的相对丰度。巨朊假丝酵母 YB-3 可以成为综合治理禾谷粉菌的一种有前景且安全的生物成分。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Pest Science
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