Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology最新文献_第9页

Comparative efficacy and safety of traditional single-shot and two successive pass and diascopy method in Q-switched Nd: YAG laser-assisted tattoo removal: an evaluator-blinded trial q开关Nd: YAG激光辅助纹身去除的传统单次和两次连续传递和复制方法的疗效和安全性比较：一项评估者盲法试验。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113283

Amirhossein Rahimnia , Ala Ehsani , Mina Koohian Mohammadabadi , Amirhoushang Ehsani , Pedram Nourmohammadpour , Darya Khosravi , Parvaneh Hatami

Background

Various methods for tattoo removal have been employed over the last century, including different methods of laser treatment.

Aim

To compare three different methods of Q-switched laser treatment.

Methods

A prospective, comparative cohort study was carried out on 17 subjects with tattoos. Each tattoo was segmented into three sections. The first part underwent a single application of the with QS Nd:YAG. The second part received two pass of QS Nd:YAG treatment with a 15-min interval at each session. The third part received a laser treatment with a 4 mm thick silicone blade on the skin (diascopy).

Results

The study included 17 participants aged 18 to 37 years, with an average age of 26.41 ± 9.64 years. Males represented 94.1 % (n = 16) of the sample, while females accounted for 5.9 % (n = 1). The highest clearance degree was achieved by two-shot laser method (3.47 ± 0.68), followed by one-shot laser method (2.72 ± 0.62) and diascopy method (2.45 ± 0.86). Although the clearance degree of two-shot method was significantly higher than one-shot method (P value: 0.014), one-shot and diascopy methods did not show any significant difference in this regard (P value: 0.11). There was no significant difference between mean pain severity expressed by patients in the three treatment methods. None of the patients showed any side effects after treatment.

Conclusion

We found that using two passes of laser treatment in one session enhanced the clinical efficacy, with comparable safety profile to standard one-shot method or diascopy method.

背景：在上个世纪，人们采用了多种方法去除纹身，包括不同的激光治疗方法。目的比较三种不同的调q激光治疗方法。方法：对17名纹身者进行前瞻性、比较队列研究。每个纹身被分成三个部分。第一部分进行了qsnd:YAG的单次应用。第二组接受两组QS Nd:YAG治疗，每组间隔15分钟。第三部分接受激光治疗，在皮肤上使用4毫米厚的硅胶刀片（diascopy）。结果：纳入17例患者，年龄18 ~ 37岁，平均年龄26.41±9.64岁。男性占94.1% (n = 16)，女性占5.9% （n = 1）。两次激光法获得的清除率最高（3.47±0.68），其次是一次激光法（2.72±0.62）和一体机法（2.45±0.86）。虽然两针法的清除程度显著高于一针法（P值：0.014），但一针法与一体机法在这方面没有显著差异（P值：0.11）。三种治疗方法患者表达的平均疼痛严重程度差异无统计学意义。所有患者治疗后均未出现任何副作用。结论：我们发现在一个疗程中使用两道激光治疗可提高临床疗效，其安全性与标准的一次注射方法或一体式手术方法相当。

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of traditional single-shot and two successive pass and diascopy method in Q-switched Nd: YAG laser-assisted tattoo removal: an evaluator-blinded trial","authors":"Amirhossein Rahimnia , Ala Ehsani , Mina Koohian Mohammadabadi , Amirhoushang Ehsani , Pedram Nourmohammadpour , Darya Khosravi , Parvaneh Hatami","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Various methods for tattoo removal have been employed over the last century, including different methods of laser treatment.</div><div>Aim</div><div>To compare three different methods of Q-switched laser treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective, comparative cohort study was carried out on 17 subjects with tattoos. Each tattoo was segmented into three sections. The first part underwent a single application of the with QS Nd:YAG. The second part received two pass of QS Nd:YAG treatment with a 15-min interval at each session. The third part received a laser treatment with a 4 mm thick silicone blade on the skin (diascopy).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 17 participants aged 18 to 37 years, with an average age of 26.41 ± 9.64 years. Males represented 94.1 % (<em>n</em> = 16) of the sample, while females accounted for 5.9 % (n = 1). The highest clearance degree was achieved by two-shot laser method (3.47 ± 0.68), followed by one-shot laser method (2.72 ± 0.62) and diascopy method (2.45 ± 0.86). Although the clearance degree of two-shot method was significantly higher than one-shot method (<em>P</em> value: 0.014), one-shot and diascopy methods did not show any significant difference in this regard (P value: 0.11). There was no significant difference between mean pain severity expressed by patients in the three treatment methods. None of the patients showed any side effects after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found that using two passes of laser treatment in one session enhanced the clinical efficacy, with comparable safety profile to standard one-shot method or diascopy method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms 3,7 -二羟基- 2,4 -二甲氧基菲通过抗氧化和抗黑素机制防止uvb诱导的皮肤色素沉着。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113277

Mengyan Li , Die Li , Yu Zhang , Juan Wang , Ziying Zhang , Weiqun Wang , Shaochun Chen , Lechun Lyu , Weimin Liu

Background

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by UVB radiation can disrupt the normal redox balance, leading to oxidative cellular damage as well as triggering melanin synthesis by melanocytes. Currently, natural active substances are emphasized in UV protection research. This study explored the protective effect of 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (DDP), a bioactive compound from Dendrobium lindleyi Stendel, against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation and examined its specific mechanism.

Methods

To evaluate the anti- melanogenic and antioxidant activities of DDP in vitro, molecular docking was used to predict the binding conformation of DDP to tyrosinase (TYR) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Subsequently, CCK8 and cell live/dead staining were used to screen the safe concentration range. B16-F10 cells were treated with different doses of DDP before UVB light irradiation and before α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction, and the evaluation of cells included determination of melanin content, Western blotting analysis, TYR activity assay, ROS assay, DPPH• and ABTS•⁺ radical scavenging assays. A brown guinea pig model was used to further evaluate the protective effect of DDP on UVB-induced skin pigmentation in vivo, and compared with commercial skin care products.

Results

In the present study, Molecular docking showed that DDP binds to TYR and MC1R better than Kojic Acid. DDP was found to possess excellent anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities in vitro. DDP was effective in alleviating skin melanin accumulation induced by UVB irradiation without inflammatory side effects.

Conclusions

DDP protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms.

背景：UVB辐射产生过多的活性氧（ROS）会破坏正常的氧化还原平衡，导致细胞氧化损伤，并触发黑色素细胞合成黑色素。目前，天然活性物质是防紫外线研究的重点。本研究探讨了来自林氏石斛的生物活性化合物3,7 -二羟基- 2,4 -二甲氧基菲（DDP）对uvb诱导的皮肤色素沉着的保护作用，并探讨了其具体机制。方法：采用分子对接方法预测DDP与酪氨酸酶（TYR）和黑素皮质素1受体（MC1R）的结合构象，评价DDP的体外抗黑素生成和抗氧化活性。随后采用CCK8和细胞活/死染色法筛选安全浓度范围。在UVB光照射前和α-MSH诱导前分别用不同剂量的DDP处理B16-F10细胞，对细胞的评价包括黑色素含量测定、Western blotting分析、TYR活性测定、ROS测定、DPPH•和ABTS•+自由基清除测定。采用褐豚鼠模型进一步评价DDP对uvb诱导的皮肤色素沉着的体内保护作用，并与市售护肤品进行比较。结果：在本研究中，分子对接显示DDP与TYR和MC1R的结合优于曲酸。体外实验发现DDP具有良好的抗黑色素生成和抗氧化活性。DDP能有效缓解UVB照射引起的皮肤黑色素积累，无炎症副作用。结论：DDP通过抗氧化和抗黑素生成机制对uvb诱导的皮肤色素沉着起到保护作用。

{"title":"3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms","authors":"Mengyan Li , Die Li , Yu Zhang , Juan Wang , Ziying Zhang , Weiqun Wang , Shaochun Chen , Lechun Lyu , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by UVB radiation can disrupt the normal redox balance, leading to oxidative cellular damage as well as triggering melanin synthesis by melanocytes. Currently, natural active substances are emphasized in UV protection research. This study explored the protective effect of 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (DDP), a bioactive compound from <em>Dendrobium</em> lindleyi Stendel, against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation and examined its specific mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To evaluate the anti- melanogenic and antioxidant activities of DDP in vitro, molecular docking was used to predict the binding conformation of DDP to tyrosinase (TYR) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Subsequently, CCK8 and cell live/dead staining were used to screen the safe concentration range. B16-F10 cells were treated with different doses of DDP before UVB light irradiation and before α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction, and the evaluation of cells included determination of melanin content, Western blotting analysis, TYR activity assay, ROS assay, DPPH• and ABTS•<sup>+</sup> radical scavenging assays. A brown guinea pig model was used to further evaluate the protective effect of DDP on UVB-induced skin pigmentation in vivo, and compared with commercial skin care products.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the present study, Molecular docking showed that DDP binds to TYR and MC1R better than Kojic Acid. DDP was found to possess excellent anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities in vitro. DDP was effective in alleviating skin melanin accumulation induced by UVB irradiation without inflammatory side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DDP protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Porphyrin-ligustrazine conjugates: Dual-mode therapeutic agents combining photodynamic and chemotherapy for enhanced antitumor activity 卟啉-川芎嗪缀合物：结合光动力和化疗的双模式治疗剂，增强抗肿瘤活性。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113282

Lei Shi , Yihui Liu , Zeijie Tian , Chen Tang , LingYan Yang , Ying Fang , Yi Wang , YunMei Liu

Dual-mode therapeutic strategies have demonstrated substantially greater efficacy than single-modality treatments and hold broad clinical potential. In this study, we developed a series of 20 novel ligustrazine–porphyrin derivatives by integrating porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) with ligustrazine chemotherapy. UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed that the characteristic photophysical features of porphyrins, including the Soret and Q bands, remained unchanged after conjugation with ligustrazine. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays revealed that all compounds were capable of generating ROS, with production further enhanced upon coordination with Zn(II). The derivatives exhibited varying levels of antitumor activity against HGC-27, A549, DU145, TCCSUP, HCT-116, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines under both light and dark conditions, while demonstrating relatively lower cytotoxicity toward normal H9C2 cells. Among these compounds, derivative 8d showed the most pronounced antitumor activity.

双模式治疗策略已被证明比单模治疗有效得多，具有广泛的临床潜力。在这项研究中，我们通过将基于卟啉的光动力疗法（PDT）与川芎嗪化疗相结合，开发了一系列20个新的川芎嗪-卟啉衍生物。紫外-可见光谱证实卟啉与川芎嗪偶联后，其特有的Soret和Q波段的光物理特征保持不变。活性氧（ROS）检测分析表明，所有化合物都能产生ROS，与Zn（II）配合后，ROS的产生进一步增强。在光照和黑暗条件下，这些衍生物对HGC-27、A549、DU145、TCCSUP、HCT-116和MDA-MB-231癌细胞均表现出不同程度的抗肿瘤活性，而对正常H9C2细胞的细胞毒性相对较低。其中，衍生物8d的抗肿瘤活性最强。

{"title":"Porphyrin-ligustrazine conjugates: Dual-mode therapeutic agents combining photodynamic and chemotherapy for enhanced antitumor activity","authors":"Lei Shi , Yihui Liu , Zeijie Tian , Chen Tang , LingYan Yang , Ying Fang , Yi Wang , YunMei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-mode therapeutic strategies have demonstrated substantially greater efficacy than single-modality treatments and hold broad clinical potential. In this study, we developed a series of 20 novel ligustrazine–porphyrin derivatives by integrating porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) with ligustrazine chemotherapy. UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed that the characteristic photophysical features of porphyrins, including the Soret and Q bands, remained unchanged after conjugation with ligustrazine. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays revealed that all compounds were capable of generating ROS, with production further enhanced upon coordination with Zn(II). The derivatives exhibited varying levels of antitumor activity against HGC-27, A549, DU145, TCCSUP, HCT-116, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines under both light and dark conditions, while demonstrating relatively lower cytotoxicity toward normal H9C2 cells. Among these compounds, derivative 8d showed the most pronounced antitumor activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wavelength-dependent photobiomodulation attenuates synovial inflammation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and a collagenase-induced osteoarthritis model 波长依赖的光生物调节减轻成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的滑膜炎症和胶原酶诱导的骨关节炎模型

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113276

Tianxiang Fan , Peng Xia , Safayet Ahmed , Yuen H. Tsang , Zhi Yao , Deli Wang , Ziyu Chen , Lixiang Xue , Dongquan Shi , Bo Wang , Chi Fai Cheung , Marco Y.C. Pang , Ye Li , Siu Ngor Fu

Photobiomodulation (PBM) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects in musculoskeletal disorders. However, the optimal parameters for modulating synovitis and joint degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the wavelength- and dose-dependent effects of PBM on inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of selected wavelengths in a murine model of collagenase-induced OA (CIOA). Primary rat FLS were stimulated with TNF-α and irradiated using PBM at 625, 810, 940, or 1050 nm with fluences ranging from 13 to 78 J/cm² (fixed irradiance of 44 mW/cm²). mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS were quantified by RT-qPCR. The in vivo study involved daily PBM (810 or 940 nm at 39 J/cm²) for two weeks in CIOA mice, starting one week post-induction. Pain-related behavior was assessed weekly using the incapacitance test. Synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation were evaluated by histology and immunofluorescence staining for IL-1β and IL-6. Among tested parameters, 810 nm at 39 J/cm² showed the most potent suppression of inflammatory gene expression in FLS. In vivo, 810 nm PBM significantly improved pain-related behavior by week 4, reduced synovitis and cartilage damage, and downregulated IL-1β and IL-6 expression in synovium. While 940 nm PBM also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, it did not show significant efficacy in vivo. These findings suggest that PBM at 810 nm exerts stronger anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in inflammatory OA compared with 940 nm, supporting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for inflammatory OA phenotypes.

使用发光二极管（led）的光生物调节（PBM）在肌肉骨骼疾病中具有良好的抗炎作用。然而，调节骨关节炎（OA）滑膜炎和关节退变的最佳参数仍不清楚。本研究旨在研究PBM对成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞（FLS）炎症反应的波长和剂量依赖效应，并评估选定波长在胶原酶诱导的OA （CIOA）小鼠模型中的体内治疗效果。用TNF-α刺激原代大鼠FLS，并使用PBM在625、810、940或1050 nm照射，影响范围为13至78 J/cm2（固定辐照度为44 mW/cm2）。RT-qPCR检测IL-1β、IL-6、COX-2、iNOS mRNA水平。在体内研究中，从诱导后一周开始，CIOA小鼠每天服用PBM(810或940 nm， 39 J/cm2)，持续两周。疼痛相关行为每周使用失容测试进行评估。采用组织学和免疫荧光法检测IL-1β和IL-6，评价滑膜炎症和软骨降解。在测试参数中，39 J/cm2下810 nm对FLS炎症基因表达的抑制作用最强。在体内，810 nm PBM在第4周显著改善疼痛相关行为，减轻滑膜炎和软骨损伤，并下调滑膜中IL-1β和IL-6的表达。940 nm PBM在体外也有抗炎作用，但在体内没有明显的疗效。这些发现表明，与940 nm相比，810 nm的PBM在炎性OA中具有更强的抗炎和软骨保护作用，支持其作为炎性OA表型非药物干预的潜力。

{"title":"Wavelength-dependent photobiomodulation attenuates synovial inflammation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and a collagenase-induced osteoarthritis model","authors":"Tianxiang Fan , Peng Xia , Safayet Ahmed , Yuen H. Tsang , Zhi Yao , Deli Wang , Ziyu Chen , Lixiang Xue , Dongquan Shi , Bo Wang , Chi Fai Cheung , Marco Y.C. Pang , Ye Li , Siu Ngor Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects in musculoskeletal disorders. However, the optimal parameters for modulating synovitis and joint degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the wavelength- and dose-dependent effects of PBM on inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of selected wavelengths in a murine model of collagenase-induced OA (CIOA). Primary rat FLS were stimulated with TNF-α and irradiated using PBM at 625, 810, 940, or 1050 nm with fluences ranging from 13 to 78 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (fixed irradiance of 44 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS were quantified by RT-qPCR. The in vivo study involved daily PBM (810 or 940 nm at 39 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) for two weeks in CIOA mice, starting one week post-induction. Pain-related behavior was assessed weekly using the incapacitance test. Synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation were evaluated by histology and immunofluorescence staining for IL-1β and IL-6. Among tested parameters, 810 nm at 39 J/cm<sup>2</sup> showed the most potent suppression of inflammatory gene expression in FLS. In vivo, 810 nm PBM significantly improved pain-related behavior by week 4, reduced synovitis and cartilage damage, and downregulated IL-1β and IL-6 expression in synovium. While 940 nm PBM also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, it did not show significant efficacy in vivo. These findings suggest that PBM at 810 nm exerts stronger anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in inflammatory OA compared with 940 nm, supporting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for inflammatory OA phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoacidity and solvent-dependent fluorescence of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin 7,8-二甲基-8-羟基-5-去氮杂黄素的光酸性和溶剂依赖性荧光。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113280

Elena V. Nemtseva , Dmitry V. Gulnov , Anna A. Deeva , Natalia S. Rodionova , Matvey V. Vavilov , Renata I. Zagitova , Valentin N. Petushkov

7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (8-HDF or F₀) is a chromophore involved into electronic energy transfer processes in DNA-photolyases, cryptochromes and bioluminescent reaction of the Siberian earthworm, Henlea sp. We studied the impact of the solvent properties (polarity, hydrogen bonding ability, etc.) on F₀ fluorescence using the Catalan multiparametric approach and molecular dynamics technique. Analysis of the absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as fluorescence decays and decay-associated spectra, of F₀ in 14 solvents revealed the presence of a mixture of protonated and deprotonated forms – F₀H and F₀⁻, respectively, in the majority of solvents. We performed a correlation analysis of the spectral maxima of excitation/emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes with the Catalan parameters of the solvents. A stronger dependence of spectral maxima of F₀⁻ than of F₀H on the solvent polarizability (SP) was found. For both F₀H and F₀⁻, a weaker effect of solvent basicity (SB) was oppositely directed on excitation and emission spectra, which resulted in a stronger effect on the Stokes shifts. In water solutions with low pH (2.9–4.5), absorption and fluorescence spectra of F₀ indicated the proton transfer during the excited-state lifetime (ESPT). For this process, ΔpK_a = 3.67 ± 0.04 was first obtained, characterizing F₀ as a weak photoacid. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of F₀H and F₀⁻ in water, methanol, DMSO, and acetone demonstrated that solvent hydrogen-bonding interactions influence the fluorophore's conformational dynamics and could alter F₀ photophysical properties. A special role of the N3 atom as a donor of the hydrogen bonds with solvents or proteins was proposed.

7,8-二甲基-8-羟基-5-脱氮黄素（8-HDF或F0）是一种参与西伯利亚蚯蚓（Henlea sp.） dna光解酶、隐色素和生物发光反应的电子能量传递过程的发色基团。我们利用Catalan多参数方法和分子动力学技术研究了溶剂性质（极性、氢键能力等）对F0荧光的影响。对F0在14种溶剂中的吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及荧光衰减和衰减相关光谱的分析表明，在大多数溶剂中分别存在质子化和去质子化形式F0H和F0-的混合物。我们对激发/发射光谱的光谱最大值和荧光寿命与溶剂的加泰罗尼亚参数进行了相关性分析。发现F0-的光谱最大值比F0H对溶剂极化率（SP）的依赖性更强。对于F0H和F0-，溶剂碱度（SB）对激发光谱和发射光谱的影响较弱，对Stokes位移的影响较强。在低pH（2.9 ~ 4.5）水溶液中，F0的吸收光谱和荧光光谱显示了激发态寿命（ESPT）期间的质子转移。该工艺首先得到ΔpKa = 3.67±0.04，表征F0为弱光酸。F0H和F0-在水、甲醇、DMSO和丙酮中的全原子分子动力学模拟表明，溶剂氢键相互作用影响荧光团的构象动力学，并可能改变F0的光物理性质。提出了N3原子作为溶剂或蛋白质氢键供体的特殊作用。

{"title":"Photoacidity and solvent-dependent fluorescence of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin","authors":"Elena V. Nemtseva , Dmitry V. Gulnov , Anna A. Deeva , Natalia S. Rodionova , Matvey V. Vavilov , Renata I. Zagitova , Valentin N. Petushkov","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (8-HDF or F<sub>0</sub>) is a chromophore involved into electronic energy transfer processes in DNA-photolyases, cryptochromes and bioluminescent reaction of the Siberian earthworm, <em>Henlea</em> sp. We studied the impact of the solvent properties (polarity, hydrogen bonding ability, etc.) on F<sub>0</sub> fluorescence using the Catalan multiparametric approach and molecular dynamics technique. Analysis of the absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as fluorescence decays and decay-associated spectra, of F<sub>0</sub> in 14 solvents revealed the presence of a mixture of protonated and deprotonated forms – F<sub>0</sub>H and F<sub>0</sub><sup>−</sup>, respectively, in the majority of solvents. We performed a correlation analysis of the spectral maxima of excitation/emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes with the Catalan parameters of the solvents. A stronger dependence of spectral maxima of F<sub>0</sub><sup>−</sup> than of F<sub>0</sub>H on the solvent polarizability (SP) was found. For both F<sub>0</sub>H and F<sub>0</sub><sup>−</sup>, a weaker effect of solvent basicity (SB) was oppositely directed on excitation and emission spectra, which resulted in a stronger effect on the Stokes shifts. In water solutions with low pH (2.9–4.5), absorption and fluorescence spectra of F<sub>0</sub> indicated the proton transfer during the excited-state lifetime (ESPT). For this process, ΔpK<sub>a</sub> = 3.67 ± 0.04 was first obtained, characterizing F<sub>0</sub> as a weak photoacid. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of F<sub>0</sub>H and F<sub>0</sub><sup>−</sup> in water, methanol, DMSO, and acetone demonstrated that solvent hydrogen-bonding interactions influence the fluorophore's conformational dynamics and could alter F<sub>0</sub> photophysical properties. A special role of the N3 atom as a donor of the hydrogen bonds with solvents or proteins was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterizations of lysosome-targeting morpholine-porphyrin fluorescent probes 靶向溶酶体的morpholine-卟啉荧光探针的合成与表征。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113281

Hyungkyu Moon , Gun-Jae Jeong , Chung ah Kim , T. Sheshashena Reddy , Dae Hyeok Yang , Myung-Seok Choi

Lysosomes play essential role in various intracellular processes. Their malfunction is one of the main causes of diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, two porphyrin-based fluorescent probes specifically designed for targeting lysosomes were synthesized and characterized. Morpholine, a lysosome targeting molecule, was conjugated to a porphyrin core with and without a spacer (TP_Zn-SM and TP_Zn-M, respectively). Investigation of the photophysical properties and cellular imaging experiments demonstrated that TP_Zn-SM showed optimal lysosome tracking ability for specific imaging in live-cell imaging assays compared to TP_Zn-M. The cytotoxicity of the probes was investigated to evaluate their potential as live-cell fluorescence imaging agents and was found to be minimal. Confocal colocalization studies of the probes with commercial Lysotracker Green in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells demonstrated the specific localization of the probes in the lysosomes of the cells with a high colocalization coefficient (0.96). Overall, TP_Zn-SM demonstrated better results, which were attributed to the spacers between morpholine and the porphyrin moiety.

溶酶体在细胞内的各种过程中起着重要作用。它们的功能障碍是溶酶体贮积病、炎症和神经退行性疾病等疾病的主要原因之一。本文合成并表征了两种专为溶酶体设计的基于卟啉的荧光探针。啉是一种溶酶体靶向分子，在有和没有间隔物（TPZn-SM和TPZn-M）的情况下与卟啉核偶联。光物理性质和细胞成像实验的研究表明，TPZn-SM在活细胞成像实验中表现出比TPZn-M更好的溶酶体跟踪能力。对探针的细胞毒性进行了研究，以评估其作为活细胞荧光显像剂的潜力，发现其毒性很小。在人间充质干细胞共聚焦共定位研究中，利用商用Lysotracker Green对探针进行共聚焦共定位，结果表明探针在细胞的溶酶体中具有较高的共定位系数（0.96）。总体而言，TPZn-SM表现出更好的效果，这归因于在啉和卟啉之间的间隔。

{"title":"Synthesis and characterizations of lysosome-targeting morpholine-porphyrin fluorescent probes","authors":"Hyungkyu Moon , Gun-Jae Jeong , Chung ah Kim , T. Sheshashena Reddy , Dae Hyeok Yang , Myung-Seok Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lysosomes play essential role in various intracellular processes. Their malfunction is one of the main causes of diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, two porphyrin-based fluorescent probes specifically designed for targeting lysosomes were synthesized and characterized. Morpholine, a lysosome targeting molecule, was conjugated to a porphyrin core with and without a spacer (TP<sub>Zn</sub>-SM and TP<sub>Zn</sub>-M, respectively). Investigation of the photophysical properties and cellular imaging experiments demonstrated that TP<sub>Zn</sub>-SM showed optimal lysosome tracking ability for specific imaging in live-cell imaging assays compared to TP<sub>Zn</sub>-M. The cytotoxicity of the probes was investigated to evaluate their potential as live-cell fluorescence imaging agents and was found to be minimal. Confocal colocalization studies of the probes with commercial Lysotracker Green in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells demonstrated the specific localization of the probes in the lysosomes of the cells with a high colocalization coefficient (0.96). Overall, TP<sub>Zn</sub>-SM demonstrated better results, which were attributed to the spacers between morpholine and the porphyrin moiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wavelength-dependent excitation ratio of photosystem I and II in Arabidopsis thaliana 拟南芥光系统I和II的波长依赖性激发比

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113278

Peter R. Bos, Herbert van Amerongen, Emilie Wientjes

Photosynthesis is a finely tuned process in which plants balance excitations between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) to optimize energy conversion efficiency. The distribution of light energy between PSI and PSII across the full spectrum of photosynthetically active radiation is hard to quantify. Current attempts rely on estimating the PSI/PSII reaction center ratio and PS antenna sizes. In this study, we employed a streak-camera system to measure excitation distribution between PSI and PSII in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves over the wavelength range 430–630 nm, bypassing the need for indirect estimations of antenna size and pigment distribution. Our findings show that the absorption weighted PSII/(PSI + PSII) excitation ratio is 0.60 ± 0.01 in the 430–630 nm spectral range. By fitting the excitation spectrum with absorption spectra of PSI, PSII, and LHCII, we estimate the PSII/(PSI + PSII) reaction center ratio to be 0.58 ± 0.004. The excitation ratio shows that in the dark-adapted supercomplex organisation, PSII is overexcited. By recording a light response curve of ΦPSI and ΦPSII, we determined that the dark-adapted supercomplex organisation leads to overexcitation of PSII in low to medium light illumination intensities (∼372 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). However, state transitions alone can rebalance the charge separation ratio. The quantitative excitation ratio and its correlation with reaction center ratios provide crucial parameters for refining photosynthetic models and understanding energy distribution across photosystems.

光合作用是植物平衡光系统I （PSI）和光系统II （PSII）之间的激发以优化能量转换效率的精细调节过程。在整个光合有效辐射光谱中，PSI和PSII之间的光能分布很难量化。目前的尝试依赖于估计PSI/PSII反应中心比和PS天线尺寸。在这项研究中，我们利用条纹相机系统测量了拟南芥叶片中PSI和PSII在430-630 nm波长范围内的激发分布，绕过了间接估计天线尺寸和色素分布的需要。结果表明，在430 ~ 630 nm光谱范围内，吸收加权PSII/(PSI + PSII)激发比为0.60±0.01。将激发光谱与PSI、PSII和LHCII的吸收光谱拟合，得到PSII/(PSI + PSII)反应中心比为0.58±0.004。激发比表明，在适应黑暗的超复杂组织中，PSII被过度激发。通过记录ΦPSI和ΦPSII的光响应曲线，我们确定了适应黑暗的超复杂组织导致PSII在低到中等光照强度（~ 372 μmol m−2 s−1）下过度激发。然而，状态跃迁本身可以重新平衡电荷分离比。定量激发比及其与反应中心比的相关性为完善光合模型和理解光系统间的能量分布提供了关键参数。

{"title":"Wavelength-dependent excitation ratio of photosystem I and II in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Peter R. Bos, Herbert van Amerongen, Emilie Wientjes","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis is a finely tuned process in which plants balance excitations between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) to optimize energy conversion efficiency. The distribution of light energy between PSI and PSII across the full spectrum of photosynthetically active radiation is hard to quantify. Current attempts rely on estimating the PSI/PSII reaction center ratio and PS antenna sizes. In this study, we employed a streak-camera system to measure excitation distribution between PSI and PSII in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> leaves over the wavelength range 430–630 nm, bypassing the need for indirect estimations of antenna size and pigment distribution. Our findings show that the absorption weighted PSII/(PSI + PSII) excitation ratio is 0.60 ± 0.01 in the 430–630 nm spectral range. By fitting the excitation spectrum with absorption spectra of PSI, PSII, and LHCII, we estimate the PSII/(PSI + PSII) reaction center ratio to be 0.58 ± 0.004. The excitation ratio shows that in the dark-adapted supercomplex organisation, PSII is overexcited. By recording a light response curve of ΦPSI and ΦPSII, we determined that the dark-adapted supercomplex organisation leads to overexcitation of PSII in low to medium light illumination intensities (∼372 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). However, state transitions alone can rebalance the charge separation ratio. The quantitative excitation ratio and its correlation with reaction center ratios provide crucial parameters for refining photosynthetic models and understanding energy distribution across photosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-duration UV-B exposure mitigates salinity stress in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and boosts secondary metabolite production 短时间UV-B暴露减轻了苦荬菜的盐度胁迫并促进次级代谢物的产生。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113279

Sneha Singh, Pajeb Saha, Sabitri Kumari, Jyotiraj Upadhyay, Shashi Pandey-Rai

Withania somnifera is a widely valued medicinal plant traditionally cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of India, where salt stress and rising UV-B radiation pose growing threats to its productivity and pharmacological quality of different metabolites. While the individual impacts of salinity and UV-B stress have been extensively studied, their interactive effects and potential for cross-tolerance in W. somnifera remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the morphophysiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of W. somnifera under salt (50–200 mM NaCl), UV-B (1–4 h), and combined exposure. Salt stress significantly reduced plant height, shoot biomass, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/fm), and pigment content, while inducing oxidative damage. UV-B exposure alone enhanced relative water content, stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX, and GR), and promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Under combined salt and UV-B exposure, plants exhibited further amplified responses wherein antioxidant enzyme activities remained elevated while lipid peroxidation levels decreased compared to salt stress alone, suggesting reduced oxidative damage. Due to short-term UV-B exposure, metabolite profiling via high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed a synergistic enhancement in the accumulation of key secondary metabolites, particularly withanolides, flavonoids and triterpenoids, alongside the unique induction of stress-responsive compounds such as betaine and arjungenin. These findings suggest that short-duration UV-B exposure synergistically interacts with salt stress, intensifying redox activity and metabolic reprogramming to reinforce the plant's adaptive capacity. This work provides a foundation for integrating UV-B-based agronomic strategies in saline-prone regions to boost both stress resilience and the commercial phytochemical yield of W. somnifera.

Withania somnifera是一种传统上在印度干旱和半干旱地区种植的具有广泛价值的药用植物，在这些地区，盐胁迫和UV-B辐射的增加对其生产力和不同代谢物的药理质量构成越来越大的威胁。虽然盐度和UV-B胁迫的个体影响已经得到了广泛的研究，但它们的相互作用和对W. somnifera的交叉耐受潜力仍未得到探索。在盐（50 ~ 200 mM NaCl）、UV-B （1 ~ 4 h）和复合暴露条件下，研究了夏菖蒲（W. somnifera）的形态生理、生化和代谢反应。盐胁迫显著降低了植物株高、地上部生物量、光合效率（Fv/fm）和色素含量，同时诱导了氧化损伤。UV-B暴露增加了相对含水量，刺激了抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX和GR）活性，促进了次生代谢物的积累。在盐和UV-B联合暴露下，植物表现出进一步的反应，其中抗氧化酶活性保持升高，而脂质过氧化水平下降，与单独盐胁迫相比，表明氧化损伤减少。由于短期的UV-B暴露，通过高分辨率质谱分析的代谢物分析显示，在甜菜碱和arjungenin等独特的应激反应化合物的诱导下，关键次级代谢物的积累协同增强，特别是野醇内酯、类黄酮和三萜。这些发现表明，短时间的UV-B暴露与盐胁迫协同作用，增强氧化还原活性和代谢重编程，以增强植物的适应能力。本研究为在盐碱化易发地区整合基于uv -b的农艺策略以提高苦荞麦的抗逆性和商业植物化学产量提供了基础。

{"title":"Short-duration UV-B exposure mitigates salinity stress in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and boosts secondary metabolite production","authors":"Sneha Singh, Pajeb Saha, Sabitri Kumari, Jyotiraj Upadhyay, Shashi Pandey-Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Withania somnifera</em> is a widely valued medicinal plant traditionally cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of India, where salt stress and rising UV-B radiation pose growing threats to its productivity and pharmacological quality of different metabolites. While the individual impacts of salinity and UV-B stress have been extensively studied, their interactive effects and potential for cross-tolerance in <em>W. somnifera</em> remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the morphophysiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of <em>W. somnifera</em> under salt (50–200 mM NaCl), UV-B (1–4 h), and combined exposure. Salt stress significantly reduced plant height, shoot biomass, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/fm), and pigment content, while inducing oxidative damage. UV-B exposure alone enhanced relative water content, stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX, and GR), and promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Under combined salt and UV-B exposure, plants exhibited further amplified responses wherein antioxidant enzyme activities remained elevated while lipid peroxidation levels decreased compared to salt stress alone, suggesting reduced oxidative damage. Due to short-term UV-B exposure, metabolite profiling <em>via</em> high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed a synergistic enhancement in the accumulation of key secondary metabolites, particularly withanolides, flavonoids and triterpenoids, alongside the unique induction of stress-responsive compounds such as betaine and arjungenin. These findings suggest that short-duration UV-B exposure synergistically interacts with salt stress, intensifying redox activity and metabolic reprogramming to reinforce the plant's adaptive capacity. This work provides a foundation for integrating UV-B-based agronomic strategies in saline-prone regions to boost both stress resilience and the commercial phytochemical yield of <em>W. somnifera</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photosensitization and phototoxicity mechanism of diclofenac sodium (NSAID) under ambient UVR exposure. 双氯芬酸钠（NSAID）在环境紫外线照射下的光敏性和光毒性机制。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113227

Gaurav Prajapati, Sunil Kumar Patel, Durgesh Mourya, Meetali Sinha, Mohd Danish Kamar, Ratan Singh Ray, Ashish Dwivedi

Diclofenac sodium (DS) is used for pain, inflammation and musculoskeletal disorders. Despite its absorption of UV radiation, the phototoxic potential and molecular mechanisms in keratinocytes under UVA and UVB exposures are largely unexplored. In this study, we have employed a comprehensive array of in-silico, in-chemico, and in-vitro approaches to assess DS's photostability, phototoxic, and photogenotoxic properties under UV irradiation. Our findings indicate that DS undergoes photodegradation, forming 3 photoproducts. Further, docking studies revealed DS's affinity for DNA and Bax, implicating DNA damage and initiation of programmed cell death pathways. MTT and NRU assays demonstrated a concentration-dependent phototoxic response to UVA and UVB exposures. DCFH₂-DA and DHE staining confirmed that DS significantly elevates ROS under UVR. Photogenotoxicity was evidenced by comet assay, while clastogenic activity was confirmed through micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of apoptotic marker genes including Bax, Bcl2, Casp9, Apaf1, Casp3, and Cyt C in keratinocytes treated with DS under UV irradiation. Our results showed that DS exhibits both photogenotoxic and photoclastogenic activities, coupled with ROS-induced programmed cell death, elucidating the molecular basis of its phototoxicity. These insights are crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind NSAID-induced phototoxic skin diseases under environmental UVR exposure.

双氯芬酸钠（DS）用于疼痛、炎症和肌肉骨骼疾病。尽管它吸收紫外线辐射，但在UVA和UVB暴露下角质形成细胞的光毒性潜力和分子机制在很大程度上尚未被探索。在这项研究中，我们采用了一系列综合的硅、化学和体外方法来评估DS在紫外线照射下的光稳定性、光毒性和光致毒性。我们的研究结果表明，DS经过光降解，形成3种光产物。此外，对接研究揭示了DS对DNA和Bax的亲和力，暗示DNA损伤和启动程序性细胞死亡途径。MTT和NRU试验显示对UVA和UVB暴露有浓度依赖性的光毒性反应。DCFH2-DA和DHE染色证实，在UVR下，DS显著升高ROS。彗星试验证实了光致毒性，微核和染色体畸变试验证实了致裂活性。基因表达分析显示，紫外线照射下DS处理的角化细胞中凋亡标志基因Bax、Bcl2、Casp9、Apaf1、Casp3和Cyt C上调。我们的研究结果表明，DS具有光致毒性和光致裂活性，并伴有ros诱导的程序性细胞死亡，阐明了其光毒性的分子基础。这些见解对于理解nsaid在环境紫外线照射下诱发光毒性皮肤病的机制至关重要。

{"title":"Photosensitization and phototoxicity mechanism of diclofenac sodium (NSAID) under ambient UVR exposure.","authors":"Gaurav Prajapati, Sunil Kumar Patel, Durgesh Mourya, Meetali Sinha, Mohd Danish Kamar, Ratan Singh Ray, Ashish Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diclofenac sodium (DS) is used for pain, inflammation and musculoskeletal disorders. Despite its absorption of UV radiation, the phototoxic potential and molecular mechanisms in keratinocytes under UVA and UVB exposures are largely unexplored. In this study, we have employed a comprehensive array of in-silico, in-chemico, and in-vitro approaches to assess DS's photostability, phototoxic, and photogenotoxic properties under UV irradiation. Our findings indicate that DS undergoes photodegradation, forming 3 photoproducts. Further, docking studies revealed DS's affinity for DNA and Bax, implicating DNA damage and initiation of programmed cell death pathways. MTT and NRU assays demonstrated a concentration-dependent phototoxic response to UVA and UVB exposures. DCFH<sub>2</sub>-DA and DHE staining confirmed that DS significantly elevates ROS under UVR. Photogenotoxicity was evidenced by comet assay, while clastogenic activity was confirmed through micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of apoptotic marker genes including Bax, Bcl2, Casp9, Apaf1, Casp3, and Cyt C in keratinocytes treated with DS under UV irradiation. Our results showed that DS exhibits both photogenotoxic and photoclastogenic activities, coupled with ROS-induced programmed cell death, elucidating the molecular basis of its phototoxicity. These insights are crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind NSAID-induced phototoxic skin diseases under environmental UVR exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"113227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the potential of spectral LED lights in enhancing glandular trichome density and accumulation of bioactive specialized metabolites in spearmint. 释放光谱LED灯在提高绿薄荷腺毛密度和生物活性特化代谢物积累方面的潜力。

IF 3.7 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113239

Dipanjali Chatterjee, Adinpunya Mitra

Spearmint is a well-known aromatic plant recognized for its unique aroma, flavour, and bioactive properties. To ensure its year-round production in response to the growing market demand under rapidly changing climates, the implementation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in controlled environments presents a promising solution. This study explored the impact of different LED spectral lights, namely monochromatic red (R), monochromatic blue (B), combined red-blue (RB), and control warm white (WW) on the vegetative growth, glandular trichome density, key specialized metabolite contents and relevant biosynthetic gene expression levels in spearmint. Various morphometric features showed improvement under RB and B lights compared to WW, while R light resulted in overall impaired growth. Plants under RB light showed the highest density of peltate glandular trichomes (43 Nos./mm²), which exhibited strong positive correlation with maximally elevated levels of marker terpene carvone (9.2 μmol/g FM) and its precursor limonene (0.5 μmol/g FM). This suggested a possible interlinkage between trichome development and terpene biosynthesis. Additionally, rosmarinic acid content significantly increased (781.5 μg/g FM) under RB light compared to other spectral light conditions. The highest expression levels of genes related to both phenolic and monoterpene biosynthetic pathways were also obtained under RB light, explaining the enhanced production of key bioactive compounds at the transcript level. Thus, the combination of R and B lights proved advantageous for the growth of spearmint and the concurrent enrichment of major specialized metabolites. The insights gained from this research will pave ways for developing appropriate LED-based cultivation systems for commercial production of spearmint.

绿薄荷是一种著名的芳香植物，以其独特的香气、风味和生物活性而闻名。为了确保其全年生产以应对快速变化的气候下不断增长的市场需求，在受控环境中实施发光二极管（led）提出了一个有前途的解决方案。本研究探讨了单色红(R)、单色蓝(B)、复合红蓝（RB）和对照暖白（WW）不同LED光谱光对绿薄荷营养生长、腺毛密度、关键特化代谢物含量及相关生物合成基因表达水平的影响。与WW相比，RB和B光下的各种形态特征有所改善，而R光导致整体生长受损。RB光照下植物的盆状腺毛密度最高（43个/mm2），与标记萜类香芹酮（9.2 μmol/g FM）及其前体柠檬烯（0.5 μmol/g FM）含量最高呈极显著正相关。这表明毛状体发育与萜烯生物合成之间可能存在相互联系。在RB光下，迷迭香酸含量显著增加（781.5 μg/g FM）。在RB光照下，与酚类和单萜类生物合成途径相关的基因表达水平最高，这解释了转录水平上关键生物活性化合物的产生增强。因此，R光和B光的组合有利于绿薄荷的生长和主要特化代谢物的同时富集。从这项研究中获得的见解将为开发适合绿薄荷商业生产的led栽培系统铺平道路。

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of spectral LED lights in enhancing glandular trichome density and accumulation of bioactive specialized metabolites in spearmint.","authors":"Dipanjali Chatterjee, Adinpunya Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spearmint is a well-known aromatic plant recognized for its unique aroma, flavour, and bioactive properties. To ensure its year-round production in response to the growing market demand under rapidly changing climates, the implementation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in controlled environments presents a promising solution. This study explored the impact of different LED spectral lights, namely monochromatic red (R), monochromatic blue (B), combined red-blue (RB), and control warm white (WW) on the vegetative growth, glandular trichome density, key specialized metabolite contents and relevant biosynthetic gene expression levels in spearmint. Various morphometric features showed improvement under RB and B lights compared to WW, while R light resulted in overall impaired growth. Plants under RB light showed the highest density of peltate glandular trichomes (43 Nos./mm<sup>2</sup>), which exhibited strong positive correlation with maximally elevated levels of marker terpene carvone (9.2 μmol/g FM) and its precursor limonene (0.5 μmol/g FM). This suggested a possible interlinkage between trichome development and terpene biosynthesis. Additionally, rosmarinic acid content significantly increased (781.5 μg/g FM) under RB light compared to other spectral light conditions. The highest expression levels of genes related to both phenolic and monoterpene biosynthetic pathways were also obtained under RB light, explaining the enhanced production of key bioactive compounds at the transcript level. Thus, the combination of R and B lights proved advantageous for the growth of spearmint and the concurrent enrichment of major specialized metabolites. The insights gained from this research will pave ways for developing appropriate LED-based cultivation systems for commercial production of spearmint.</p>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"113239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0