Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154710
Ziyi Luo , Chen Tang , Liping Wang , Xiaoyu Sha , Yuhan Zhang , Wenjiang Liu , Jingye Fu , Qiang Wang
Against the backdrop of global climate change, water scarcity and food shortages, drought has emerged as a critical constraint on crop productivity, posing a severe threat to sustainable agricultural production. In this study, we identify the rice transcription factor OsERF74 as a key regulator of drought resistance. Overexpression of OsERF74 in Arabidopsis plants enhances drought tolerance, whereas rice knockout lines display increased drought sensitivity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that OsERF74 modulates multiple pathways under drought stress. Mechanistically, OsERF74 directly binds to the promoters of ABA catabolic genes OsABA8ox1&2 to regulate their expression, thereby modulating ABA homeostasis and drought responses. Our findings demonstrate that OsERF74 positively regulates drought resistance by directly controlling ABA degradation, as well as regulating multiple signaling pathways. This study provides a critical scientific foundation for improving crop drought tolerance and ensuring food security.
{"title":"The transcription factor OsERF74 positively regulates drought resistance by modulating abscisic acid catabolism in rice","authors":"Ziyi Luo , Chen Tang , Liping Wang , Xiaoyu Sha , Yuhan Zhang , Wenjiang Liu , Jingye Fu , Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of global climate change, water scarcity and food shortages, drought has emerged as a critical constraint on crop productivity, posing a severe threat to sustainable agricultural production. In this study, we identify the rice transcription factor OsERF74 as a key regulator of drought resistance. Overexpression of <em>OsERF74</em> in Arabidopsis plants enhances drought tolerance, whereas rice knockout lines display increased drought sensitivity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that OsERF74 modulates multiple pathways under drought stress. Mechanistically, OsERF74 directly binds to the promoters of ABA catabolic genes <em>OsABA8ox1&2</em> to regulate their expression, thereby modulating ABA homeostasis and drought responses. Our findings demonstrate that OsERF74 positively regulates drought resistance by directly controlling ABA degradation, as well as regulating multiple signaling pathways. This study provides a critical scientific foundation for improving crop drought tolerance and ensuring food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 154710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important economic crop, which has widespread applications in medicine, food, and industry. Currently, the study of gene function regulating the synthesis of key medicinal components in safflower has always been a research hotspot. However, due to the fact that the tissue culture method is time-intensive and heavily genotype-dependent, the pollen tube pathway method has low repeatability, high environmental sensitivity, and significant differences in evolutionary pathways and genetic backgrounds between model plants and safflower, and there are still many genes whose functions are unknown. In this study, a one-step hairy root transformation system in safflower was established, and the RUBY reporter was used to observe the transformation efficiency in real time. The explants and dark culture time were optimized, and the transformation efficiency reached 76.66 %. Moreover, this study provides a technical path for improving the genetic transformation of other medicinal plants.
{"title":"Establishing one-step hairy root transformation system in safflower using RUBY reporter","authors":"Rong Guo, Xuerui Zhang, Xu Jiao, Chunfeng Zhu, Jian Wei, Yun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safflower (<em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L.) is an important economic crop, which has widespread applications in medicine, food, and industry. Currently, the study of gene function regulating the synthesis of key medicinal components in safflower has always been a research hotspot. However, due to the fact that the tissue culture method is time-intensive and heavily genotype-dependent, the pollen tube pathway method has low repeatability, high environmental sensitivity, and significant differences in evolutionary pathways and genetic backgrounds between model plants and safflower, and there are still many genes whose functions are unknown. In this study, a one-step hairy root transformation system in safflower was established, and the <em>RUBY</em> reporter was used to observe the transformation efficiency in real time. The explants and dark culture time were optimized, and the transformation efficiency reached 76.66 %. Moreover, this study provides a technical path for improving the genetic transformation of other medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 154713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154722
Xin-Long Guo , Hong-Liang Li , Xiang Wu , Tian-tian Wang , Yan-yan Guo , Jian-Ping An , Chun-Xiang You
Abiotic stresses constrain plant growth and yield worldwide, with drought and salinity among the most severe limitations. Here, we characterize an apple (Malus domestica) cyclic nucleotide–gated channel, MdCNGC15B, to define its role in stress adaptation. Quantitative RT–PCR showed that MdCNGC15B transcripts were modulated by both drought and salt treatments. Functional assays demonstrated that MdCNGC15B overexpression in apple calli improved performance under water-deficit and salinity. In Arabidopsis, heterologous expression increased stress tolerance, with a concomitant reduction in reactive oxygen species accumulation. The comprehensive results indicate that MdCNGC15B acts as a positive regulatory factor for responses to drought and salt stress by eliminating the accumulation of ROS. This provides a new perspective for understanding the CNGC signaling mechanism in woody plants.
{"title":"MdCNGC15B, a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) protein, positively regulates the tolerance to drought and salt stress in apple","authors":"Xin-Long Guo , Hong-Liang Li , Xiang Wu , Tian-tian Wang , Yan-yan Guo , Jian-Ping An , Chun-Xiang You","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stresses constrain plant growth and yield worldwide, with drought and salinity among the most severe limitations. Here, we characterize an apple (<em>Malus domestica</em>) cyclic nucleotide–gated channel, <em>MdCNGC15B</em>, to define its role in stress adaptation. Quantitative RT–PCR showed that <em>MdCNGC15B</em> transcripts were modulated by both drought and salt treatments. Functional assays demonstrated that <em>MdCNGC15B</em> overexpression in apple calli improved performance under water-deficit and salinity. In <em>Arabidopsis</em>, heterologous expression increased stress tolerance, with a concomitant reduction in reactive oxygen species accumulation. The comprehensive results indicate that <em>MdCNGC15B</em> acts as a positive regulatory factor for responses to drought and salt stress by eliminating the accumulation of ROS. This provides a new perspective for understanding the CNGC signaling mechanism in woody plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 154722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154708
Yihan Su , Yuhui Li , Weicong Luo , Ying Liu , Zhenfei Guo , Shaoyun Lu
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are one of the Ca2+ sensors involving plant growth, development and adaptation to environmental stresses. The role of PpCML29 from a native Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in regulating drought tolerance was investigated in the present study. PpCML29 is most similar to OsCML29 among all CML members in rice. PpCML29 protein locates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. PpCML29 was expressed in roots, stems, leaves and spikes, with the highest level in leaves. PpCML29 expression was induced by 6–24 h of treatment with 23 % polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000. Overexpression of PpCML29 led to increased drought tolerance, with higher levels of survival rate and relative water content (RWC) and lower levels of ion leakage in transgenic rice than in the wild type (WT) after drought and osmotic stress. In addition, lower water loss rate was observed in PpCML29-overexpressing lines compared with WT. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and proline concentrations increased after osmotic stress, and higher levels were observed in PpCML29-overexpressing lines than in WT. Consistently, relative expressions of SOD1, SOD2, CAT1, CAT2, APX1, APX2, P5CS1 and P5CS2 as well as drought responsive marker genes including OsDREB1A, OsDREB2A, OsDREB2B, OsNCED3, OsLEA3 and OsRAB16A were induced by osmotic stress, with higher levels in PpCML29-overexpressing lines than in WT under osmotic stress. The results suggest that PpCML29 confers drought tolerance through upregulating drought responsive genes and activating proline biosynthesis and antioxidant defense system to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis.
{"title":"A calmodulin-like protein from Kentucky bluegrass PpCML29 confers drought tolerance through activating antioxidant defense to maintain ROS homeostasis","authors":"Yihan Su , Yuhui Li , Weicong Luo , Ying Liu , Zhenfei Guo , Shaoyun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are one of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensors involving plant growth, development and adaptation to environmental stresses. The role of PpCML29 from a native Kentucky bluegrass (<em>Poa pratensis</em> L.) in regulating drought tolerance was investigated in the present study. PpCML29 is most similar to OsCML29 among all CML members in rice. PpCML29 protein locates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. <em>PpCML29</em> was expressed in roots, stems, leaves and spikes, with the highest level in leaves. <em>PpCML29</em> expression was induced by 6–24 h of treatment with 23 % polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000. Overexpression of <em>PpCML29</em> led to increased drought tolerance, with higher levels of survival rate and relative water content (RWC) and lower levels of ion leakage in transgenic rice than in the wild type (WT) after drought and osmotic stress. In addition, lower water loss rate was observed in <em>PpCML29</em>-overexpressing lines compared with WT. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and proline concentrations increased after osmotic stress, and higher levels were observed in <em>PpCML29</em>-overexpressing lines than in WT. Consistently, relative expressions of <em>SOD1</em>, <em>SOD2</em>, <em>CAT1</em>, <em>CAT2</em>, <em>APX1</em>, <em>APX2</em>, <em>P5CS1</em> and <em>P5CS2</em> as well as drought responsive marker genes including <em>OsDREB1A</em>, <em>OsDREB2A</em>, <em>OsDREB2B</em>, <em>OsNCED3</em>, <em>OsLEA3</em> and <em>OsRAB16A</em> were induced by osmotic stress, with higher levels in <em>PpCML29</em>-overexpressing lines than in WT under osmotic stress. The results suggest that PpCML29 confers drought tolerance through upregulating drought responsive genes and activating proline biosynthesis and antioxidant defense system to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 154708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154680
Jie Yu , Cheng Ji , Yongwei Sun , Zhi Qi
The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is predicted to increase from the current approximate 450 to 700 ppm by end of this century. To evaluate its potential impact on sustainability of grassland, Leymus chinensis, the dominant wild forage species in the eastern Eurasian Steppe, was cultivated in two growth chambers for a month with ambient 450 ppm (aCO2) as the control and elevated 700 ppm CO2 (eCO2) as simulation of the future respectively. The eCO2 increased the aboveground biomass, net photosynthesis rate and contents of carbohydrates, as well as the Mn contents in the leaves. The eCO2 decreased the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and the contents of mineral elements S, P, K, Fe, Zn in the xylem sap and leaves, as well as expression of ion transporter-encoding transcripts. As response to the eCO2, the DNA, RNA and protein metabolism related transcripts were over-represented in the down-regulation transcriptome, accompanied with reduction in the contents of amino acids. The eCO2 significantly suppressed expression of lipid metabolism-encoding transcripts and contents of phospholipids, as well as expression of vesicle-traffic encoding transcripts. The eCO2 decreased contents of bioactive compounds flavonoids, terpenoids including gibberellins and steroids. These data imply that the predicted increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration in the near future would have negative impacts on the forage quality of the grass.
{"title":"Increasing CO2 concentration promoted the biomass accumulation but decreased the mineral nutrition and forage quality of Leymus chinensis","authors":"Jie Yu , Cheng Ji , Yongwei Sun , Zhi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is predicted to increase from the current approximate 450 to 700 ppm by end of this century. To evaluate its potential impact on sustainability of grassland, <em>Leymus chinensis</em>, the dominant wild forage species in the eastern Eurasian Steppe, was cultivated in two growth chambers for a month with ambient 450 ppm (aCO<sub>2</sub>) as the control and elevated 700 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) as simulation of the future respectively. The eCO<sub>2</sub> increased the aboveground biomass, net photosynthesis rate and contents of carbohydrates, as well as the Mn contents in the leaves. The eCO<sub>2</sub> decreased the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and the contents of mineral elements S, P, K, Fe, Zn in the xylem sap and leaves, as well as expression of ion transporter-encoding transcripts. As response to the eCO<sub>2</sub>, the DNA, RNA and protein metabolism related transcripts were over-represented in the down-regulation transcriptome, accompanied with reduction in the contents of amino acids. The eCO<sub>2</sub> significantly suppressed expression of lipid metabolism-encoding transcripts and contents of phospholipids, as well as expression of vesicle-traffic encoding transcripts. The eCO<sub>2</sub> decreased contents of bioactive compounds flavonoids, terpenoids including gibberellins and steroids. These data imply that the predicted increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the near future would have negative impacts on the forage quality of the grass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154679
Yanbing Dong , Yang Nan , Zhi Qi
Iron is an essential micronutrient. However, nearly 40 % of arable land worldwide suffers from iron deficiency. In this study, the adaptation of shoots to root Fe2+ deficiency was investigated using hydroponically grown Astragalus mongholicus, a widely cultivated medicinal plant. The root Fe2+ deficiency significantly inhibited the plants' growth and the contents of Fe, Mo, as well as 10 metabolites, including -isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and nepitrin, which have reported anti-inflammatory activities. The root Fe2+ deficiency promoted the contents of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Mn, and 12 metabolites, among which the glucoliquiritin apioside, an anti-infection flavonoid, strikingly increased by 2480.6 times. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Fe2+ deficiency could impair cellular energy metabolism by inhibiting the expression of ATPase and other essential enzymes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The plants adapted to the stress by enhancing the expression of transcripts encoding V-type H+-ATPases, Ca2+ and Mg2+ transporting ATPases, Fe2+ storage protein ferritins, as well as receptor like kinase and phytohormone-related transcription factors. In the transcriptome, a transcript encoding a functional Fe2+ passive transporter was identified by complementing Fe2+/Zn2+ uptake defective yeast mutants. The adaptation strategy of Astragalus mongholicus to the Fe2+ deficiency and the potential for increasing glucoliquiritin apioside contents in the shoots by occasionally applying Fe2+ chelators to the cultivating soils were discussed.
铁是一种必需的微量营养素。然而，全世界近40%的可耕地缺铁。以水培栽培的蒙古黄芪（Astragalus mongholicus）为研究对象，研究了其茎部对根系Fe2+缺乏的适应性。根系Fe2+缺乏显著抑制植株生长和铁、钼含量，以及-异鼠李素-3- o -葡萄糖苷、nepitrin等10种代谢产物的抗炎活性。根系缺铁促进了钙、镁、钾、锌、锰含量和12种代谢物的含量，其中抗感染类黄酮糖醛酸苷含量显著增加了2480.6倍。转录组分析显示，缺铁可能通过抑制atp酶和其他三羧酸循环必需酶的表达而损害细胞能量代谢。植物通过增强编码v型H+- atp酶、Ca2+和Mg2+转运atp酶、Fe2+储存蛋白铁蛋白以及受体激酶和植物激素相关转录因子的表达来适应逆境。在转录组中，通过补充Fe2+/Zn2+摄取缺陷酵母突变体，鉴定了一个编码功能性Fe2+被动转运蛋白的转录本。探讨了蒙古黄芪对Fe2+缺乏的适应策略，以及间或施用Fe2+螯合剂提高栽培土壤中糖醛酸苷含量的潜力。
{"title":"The adaptation strategy of Astragalus mongholicus shoots to the root Fe2+ deficiency and its strong stimulating effect on glucoliquiritin apioside accumulation","authors":"Yanbing Dong , Yang Nan , Zhi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is an essential micronutrient. However, nearly 40 % of arable land worldwide suffers from iron deficiency. In this study, the adaptation of shoots to root Fe<sup>2+</sup> deficiency was investigated using hydroponically grown <em>Astragalus mongholicus</em>, a widely cultivated medicinal plant. The root Fe<sup>2+</sup> deficiency significantly inhibited the plants' growth and the contents of Fe, Mo, as well as 10 metabolites, including -isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and nepitrin, which have reported anti-inflammatory activities. The root Fe<sup>2+</sup> deficiency promoted the contents of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Mn, and 12 metabolites, among which the glucoliquiritin apioside, an anti-infection flavonoid, strikingly increased by 2480.6 times. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Fe<sup>2+</sup> deficiency could impair cellular energy metabolism by inhibiting the expression of ATPase and other essential enzymes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The plants adapted to the stress by enhancing the expression of transcripts encoding V-type H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> transporting ATPases, Fe<sup>2+</sup> storage protein ferritins, as well as receptor like kinase and phytohormone-related transcription factors. In the transcriptome, a transcript encoding a functional Fe<sup>2+</sup> passive transporter was identified by complementing Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Zn<sup>2+</sup> uptake defective yeast mutants. The adaptation strategy of <em>Astragalus mongholicus</em> to the Fe<sup>2+</sup> deficiency and the potential for increasing glucoliquiritin apioside contents in the shoots by occasionally applying Fe<sup>2+</sup> chelators to the cultivating soils were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154689
Yan Li , Jiaxuan Zhu , Ruili Lv, Zhengjie Wang, Huimin Li, Ruirui Yang, Yushi Luan
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a globally important economic vegetable crop, but its growth and yield are often limited by biotic stresses. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), as key components of the Ca2+ signaling pathway, play crucial roles in plant stress responses and have been extensively studied in relation to biotic stress adaptation. However, the specific role of CDPKs in tomato resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) remains largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that SlCDPK12 functions as a positive regulator of tomato resistance to P. infestans. Overexpression of SlCDPK12 in the P. infestans-susceptible cultivar ZaoFen No.2 significantly enhanced resistance. This enhanced resistance was accompanied by elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified SlACS11, a member of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) family, as a candidate interacting protein of SlCDPK12. Intriguingly, transient silencing of SlACS11 enhanced tomato resistance to P. infestans. Overall, this research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato resistance to P. infestans and contributes to our understanding of the biological functions of the CDPK gene family in plant-pathogen interactions.
番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）是全球重要的经济蔬菜作物，但其生长和产量往往受到生物胁迫的限制。钙依赖性蛋白激酶（Calcium-dependent protein kinase, CDPKs）作为Ca2+信号通路的关键组分，在植物的逆境响应中起着至关重要的作用，并与生物逆境适应有关。然而，CDPKs在番茄抗晚疫病（疫霉）中的具体作用仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们证明了SlCDPK12作为番茄对病原菌抗性的正调节因子。SlCDPK12的过表达显著增强了耐药品种早粉2号的抗性。这种抗性的增强伴随着致病相关基因（PR）的表达升高和活性氧（ROS）的积累增加。通过酵母双杂交筛选，我们确定了1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合成酶（ACS）家族成员SlACS11作为SlCDPK12的候选相互作用蛋白。有趣的是，SlACS11的短暂沉默增强了番茄对病原菌的抗性。总的来说，这项研究为番茄抵抗病原菌的分子机制提供了新的见解，并有助于我们了解CDPK基因家族在植物-病原体相互作用中的生物学功能。
{"title":"Functional analysis of SlCDPK12 and its interacting protein SlACS11 in the regulation of tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans","authors":"Yan Li , Jiaxuan Zhu , Ruili Lv, Zhengjie Wang, Huimin Li, Ruirui Yang, Yushi Luan","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) is a globally important economic vegetable crop, but its growth and yield are often limited by biotic stresses. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), as key components of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathway, play crucial roles in plant stress responses and have been extensively studied in relation to biotic stress adaptation. However, the specific role of CDPKs in tomato resistance to late blight (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>) remains largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that <em>SlCDPK12</em> functions as a positive regulator of tomato resistance to <em>P. infestans</em>. Overexpression of <em>SlCDPK12</em> in the <em>P. infestans</em>-susceptible cultivar ZaoFen No.2 significantly enhanced resistance. This enhanced resistance was accompanied by elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (<em>PR</em>) genes and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified SlACS11, a member of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) family, as a candidate interacting protein of SlCDPK12. Intriguingly, transient silencing of <em>SlACS11</em> enhanced tomato resistance to <em>P. infestans.</em> Overall, this research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato resistance to <em>P. infestans</em> and contributes to our understanding of the biological functions of the CDPK gene family in plant-pathogen interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154687
Guoqiang Zheng , Ying Wang , Jiaping Wei , Zefeng Wu , Jinxiong Wang , Qi Yang , Junmei Cui , Yan Fang , Xiaoyun Dong , Xinyi Zhang , Qian Luo , Jiayue Yang , Zigang Liu
The quality traits of rapeseed are critical genetic characteristics that determine seed value and its applications. Heterosis manifests not only in yield traits but also in quality traits. In this study, multiple interspecific and intraspecific hybrid crosses were generated to evaluate their heterosis effects. Our results demonstrated that the heterosis of oil content, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid was higher in the winter × spring crosses than in the winter × winter crosses, whereas the opposite was true for erucic acid and glucosinolate. Furthermore, we identified a substantial numerous SNP markers through targeted sequencing and mapped the heterosis-related loci for the corresponding traits in the F1 population. A lot of 233, 46, 247, 192, 203, and 64 QTLs were identified as being associated with the seed traits of erucic acid, glucosinolates, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oil content and their heterosis. These were consolidated into 425 consensus QTLs (cq-QTLs). By integrating RNA-seq data, we identified 10 pathways involved in lipid and pyruvate metabolism, among which 28 candidate genes were annotated. These conclusions showed that these cq-QTLs can serve as hotspots for mining regulatory genes related to the heterosis of rapeseed quality traits, laying a foundation for research on the heterosis of rapeseed quality traits.
{"title":"Localization of heterosis loci for quality traits and identification of candidate genes in Brassica napus","authors":"Guoqiang Zheng , Ying Wang , Jiaping Wei , Zefeng Wu , Jinxiong Wang , Qi Yang , Junmei Cui , Yan Fang , Xiaoyun Dong , Xinyi Zhang , Qian Luo , Jiayue Yang , Zigang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality traits of rapeseed are critical genetic characteristics that determine seed value and its applications. Heterosis manifests not only in yield traits but also in quality traits. In this study, multiple interspecific and intraspecific hybrid crosses were generated to evaluate their heterosis effects. Our results demonstrated that the heterosis of oil content, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid was higher in the winter × spring crosses than in the winter × winter crosses, whereas the opposite was true for erucic acid and glucosinolate. Furthermore, we identified a substantial numerous SNP markers through targeted sequencing and mapped the heterosis-related loci for the corresponding traits in the F<sub>1</sub> population. A lot of 233, 46, 247, 192, 203, and 64 QTLs were identified as being associated with the seed traits of erucic acid, glucosinolates, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oil content and their heterosis. These were consolidated into 425 consensus QTLs (cq-QTLs). By integrating RNA-seq data, we identified 10 pathways involved in lipid and pyruvate metabolism, among which 28 candidate genes were annotated. These conclusions showed that these cq-QTLs can serve as hotspots for mining regulatory genes related to the heterosis of rapeseed quality traits, laying a foundation for research on the heterosis of rapeseed quality traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154694
Genzhong Liu , Xiaofang Liu , Jiaojiao Fan, Chaoyu Li, Wang Zheng, Fangfang Ma, Zhilong Bao
Plant height and fruit shape are significant traits affecting plant yield and appearance quality. Kip-related protein (KRP) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a critical role in the inhibition of cell cycle progression during plant development. However, the mechanism by which SlKRP3 regulates tomato plant height and fruit shape through cell cycle progression remains unclear. Here, we unveil functional characterization of SlKRP3, which is responsible for plant height and fruit shape in tomato. As expected, overexpression of SlKRP3 resulted in shorter cell elongation and decreased endoreduplication in the tomato stem. VIGS assay was performed to obtain SlKRP3-silenced plants and demonstrated that silencing of SlKRP3 increased plant height. Transcriptome analysis showed that the xyloglucosyl transferase genes are also dysregulated in SlKRP3 overexpression lines, as are cell elongation and cell cycle-related genes. This argues that SlKRP3 negatively regulates cell expansion via inhibiting endoreduplication in tomato. Notably, we uncover that SlKRP3 physically interacted with cyclin D3.1 by AlphaFold3, yeast two-hybrid, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. These findings shed light on the functional regulation of SlKRP3 and offer potential strategies for the genetic improvement of plant architecture and fruit shape in tomato.
{"title":"The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor SlKRP3 negatively regulates plant height and fruit shape in tomato via inhibiting cell elongation","authors":"Genzhong Liu , Xiaofang Liu , Jiaojiao Fan, Chaoyu Li, Wang Zheng, Fangfang Ma, Zhilong Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant height and fruit shape are significant traits affecting plant yield and appearance quality. Kip-related protein (KRP) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a critical role in the inhibition of cell cycle progression during plant development. However, the mechanism by which SlKRP3 regulates tomato plant height and fruit shape through cell cycle progression remains unclear. Here, we unveil functional characterization of <em>SlKRP3</em>, which is responsible for plant height and fruit shape in tomato. As expected, overexpression of <em>SlKRP3</em> resulted in shorter cell elongation and decreased endoreduplication in the tomato stem. VIGS assay was performed to obtain <em>SlKRP3</em>-silenced plants and demonstrated that silencing of <em>SlKRP3</em> increased plant height. Transcriptome analysis showed that the <em>xyloglucosyl transferase</em> genes are also dysregulated in <em>SlKRP3</em> overexpression lines, as are cell elongation and cell cycle-related genes. This argues that <em>SlKRP3</em> negatively regulates cell expansion via inhibiting endoreduplication in tomato. Notably, we uncover that SlKRP3 physically interacted with cyclin D3.1 by AlphaFold3, yeast two-hybrid, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. These findings shed light on the functional regulation of <em>SlKRP3</em> and offer potential strategies for the genetic improvement of plant architecture and fruit shape in tomato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154692
Shaotong Qin, Qianqian Qin, Suiwen Hou
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth, development and abiotic stresses. ABA perception is mediated by its receptors, PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like (PYL) proteins (collectively referred to as PYLs), which initiate downstream ABA signaling. The functional regulation of PYLs, particularly through post-translational modifications (PTMs) is gradually attracting extensive attention. Here, we have summarized recent advances in research on PTMs of PYL family, highlighting how mechanisms such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and nitration fine-tune their activity, stability and subcellular localization. We also briefly review the biological function and genetic phenotypes of PYL family, underscoring their central role in ABA signaling and stress adaptive responses in plants. Future studies should address key questions regarding the additional PTMs, specific sites and crosstalk of these PTMs.
{"title":"ABA receptors: function and post-translational modifications in plants","authors":"Shaotong Qin, Qianqian Qin, Suiwen Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth, development and abiotic stresses. ABA perception is mediated by its receptors, PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like (PYL) proteins (collectively referred to as PYLs), which initiate downstream ABA signaling. The functional regulation of PYLs, particularly through post-translational modifications (PTMs) is gradually attracting extensive attention. Here, we have summarized recent advances in research on PTMs of PYL family, highlighting how mechanisms such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and nitration fine-tune their activity, stability and subcellular localization. We also briefly review the biological function and genetic phenotypes of PYL family, underscoring their central role in ABA signaling and stress adaptive responses in plants. Future studies should address key questions regarding the additional PTMs, specific sites and crosstalk of these PTMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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