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Autophagy, ROS, and their interplay in plant adaptive responses 自噬、活性氧及其在植物适应性反应中的相互作用
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154671
Chi Zhang , Song-Qi Li , Pengwei Jing , Run-Xin Wu , Yu-Qing Ma , Ji-Xiao Wu , Ru-Feng Song , Wen-Cheng Liu
In ever-changing natural environments, plants have evolved precise and intricate regulatory networks to combat energy deprivation. Under limited energy supply, plants use autophagy to recycle cellular components and sustain vital processes. Autophagy represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism operating at the subcellular level in eukaryotes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), traditionally viewed as metabolic byproducts, exert concentration-dependent effects in plants: lower ROS in a controllable concentration range serve as signaling molecules modulating various aspects of plant growth, development and stress responses, whereas over-accumulating ROS induce oxidative damages, threatening plant growth and survival. Although the classification, metabolic dynamics, and multifaceted roles of ROS in plants have been extensively studied, the reciprocal regulatory interplay between ROS signaling and autophagy remains inadequately explored, particularly in plants. This review summarizes recent progress of plant ROS, autophagy, and their interplay, and also provides predictions and perspectives on the potential regulatory mechanisms between ROS and autophagy.
在不断变化的自然环境中,植物进化出精确而复杂的调节网络来对抗能量匮乏。在有限的能量供应下,植物利用自噬来回收细胞成分并维持生命过程。自噬是真核生物在亚细胞水平上运行的一种进化保守机制。活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)传统上被认为是植物的代谢副产物,在植物体内发挥浓度依赖作用:在可控浓度范围内较低的ROS作为信号分子调节植物生长、发育和胁迫反应的各个方面,而过度积累的ROS则会引起氧化损伤,威胁植物的生长和生存。虽然植物中活性氧的分类、代谢动力学和多方面的作用已经得到了广泛的研究,但活性氧信号传导和自噬之间的相互调节作用仍然没有得到充分的探索,特别是在植物中。本文综述了植物活性氧、自噬及其相互作用的最新进展,并对活性氧与自噬之间的潜在调控机制进行了预测和展望。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Squaring the circle: Challenges and breakthroughs in plant sciences 社论:圆的平方:植物科学的挑战和突破
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154668
Uwe Sonnewald , Quan-Sheng Qiu , Herbert J. Kronzucker
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引用次数: 0
Dose-dependent mutagenic effects of carbon-ion beams in foxtail millet: from phenotypic screening to physiological and molecular mechanisms 碳离子束对谷子的剂量依赖性诱变效应:从表型筛选到生理和分子机制
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154673
Ruiyuan Liu , Yan Zhan , Aiming Cui , Ying Qu , Wenjie Jin , Yan Du , Lixia Yu , Libin Zhou
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv) is an important crop for both basic research and sustainable dryland agriculture, due to its rapid growth, high seed yield, strong stress tolerance, and rich nutritional qualities. Multiple mutagenesis approaches have been used to broaden foxtail millet germplasm resources, among which heavy ion beam (HIB) irradiation has emerged as a powerful tool for inducing genetic variations in plant breeding. However, compared with other model species, genetic resources in foxtail millet remain limited, and the specific effects of HIB radiation on this crop are not yet fully understood. In this study, seeds of foxtail millet (Yugu 24) were irradiated using six different carbon-ion beams (CIB, 100 Gy–500 Gy), a commonly used HIB mutagen. Then, the mutagenic effects were evaluated in the M1 generation, conducted large-scale phenotype screening in the M2 generation, and analyzed the anatomical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of stable leaf mutants. M1 plants exhibited dose-dependent responses, with the optimum CIB dose for Yugu 24 ranging from 110 Gy to 140 Gy. From 3100 M2 plants, we identified 56 individuals exhibiting obvious phenotypic variations, resulting in an overall mutation frequency of 1.81 % under CIB irradiation. High frequencies of leaf morphological mutations was observed in the M2 population. Stable leaf mutants were identified and further characterized in the M4 generation, which displayed distinct phenotypic variations, including changes in chloroplast structure, stomatal characteristics, and photosynthetic pigment content. Collectively, these findings establish a theoretical foundation for applying CIB irradiation in foxtail millet mutation breeding. Furthermore, the CIB-induced mutant library of Yugu 24provides a valuable resource for future functional genomics research on foxtail millet.
谷子(Setaria italica (L.))由于其生长速度快、种子产量高、抗逆性强、营养品质丰富,是基础研究和可持续旱地农业的重要作物。多种诱变手段已被广泛应用于谷子种质资源的拓展,其中重离子辐照(HIB)已成为植物育种中诱导遗传变异的有力手段。然而,与其他模式物种相比,谷子的遗传资源仍然有限,HIB辐射对谷子的具体影响尚不完全清楚。本研究采用6种不同的碳离子束(CIB, 100 Gy - 500 Gy)辐照育谷24号谷子(foxtail millet, Yugu 24)种子。然后,对M1代进行诱变效应评价,对M2代进行大规模表型筛选,分析叶片稳定突变体的解剖、生理和分子机制。M1植株表现出剂量依赖性,玉谷24的最佳CIB剂量在110 ~ 140 Gy之间。从3100个M2植株中,我们发现56个个体表现出明显的表型变异,导致CIB辐照下的总体突变频率为1.81%。M2群体叶片形态突变频率较高。在M4代中鉴定出稳定的叶片突变体,并对其进行了进一步的表征,这些突变体表现出明显的表型变异,包括叶绿体结构、气孔特征和光合色素含量的变化。本研究结果为CIB辐照在谷子诱变育种中的应用奠定了理论基础。此外,玉谷24号的cib诱导突变体文库为谷子功能基因组学研究提供了宝贵的资源。
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引用次数: 0
Functional characterization of GmSRS14 in regulating root nodule development of soybean GmSRS14调控大豆根瘤发育的功能研究
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154649
Kangjun Fan , Yue Wu , Yonghua Qin , Hongzao He , Lu Lv , Gang Li , Jiao Liu , Rui Qin , Hong Liu
SHORT INTERNODES (SHI)-related sequence (SRS) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that modulate hormone biosynthesis and signalling. Their contribution to legume–rhizobium symbiosis, however, remains largely unexplored. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses of legume SRS genes classified 12 subclasses and revealed soybean's evolutionary relationships, including large-scale gene duplication. GmSRS14 was specifically highly expressed in root nodules and localised in the nucleus only. Exogenous IAA modulates its expression at low concentrations (1 μM), while high concentrations (100 μM) decrease nodule expression. All ABA concentrations tested (10, 20 and 50 μM) inhibited nodule growth, nitrogenase activity and GmSRS14 expression. Functional validation via hairy root transformation demonstrated GmSRS14 overexpression (GmSRS14-OE) increased nodule number, weight, and nitrogenase activity, while GmSRS14 silencing (GmSRS14-RNAi) suppressed nodulation. This study provides a new idea for breeding soybean varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen fixation.
短节间(SHI)相关序列(SRS)蛋白是调节激素生物合成和信号传导的植物特异性转录因子。然而,它们对豆科植物-根瘤菌共生的贡献在很大程度上仍未被探索。豆类SRS基因的系统发育和共线性分析划分了12个亚类,揭示了大豆的进化关系,包括大规模的基因重复。GmSRS14在根瘤中特异高表达,且仅局限于细胞核。外源IAA低浓度(1 μM)可调节其表达,高浓度(100 μM)可降低其表达。10 μM、20 μM和50 μM的ABA浓度均能抑制根瘤生长、氮酶活性和GmSRS14表达。毛状根转化的功能验证表明,GmSRS14过表达(GmSRS14- oe)增加了根瘤数量、重量和氮酶活性,而GmSRS14沉默(GmSRS14- rnai)抑制了根瘤形成。本研究为培育高效固氮大豆品种提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Cytokinin-induced phenotypic and endogenous phytohormonal dynamics during potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber development in vitro 马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)块茎体外发育过程中细胞分裂素诱导的表型和内源植物激素动态。
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154632
Lixiang Cheng, Jianlong Yuan, Lulu Xia, Zhensan Tang, Feng Zhang
Cytokinins (CKs) exist in various forms within potato plants, among which the active CKs account for only a minute fraction but play crucial roles in tuber development. In the present study, in vitro potato stolons were exposed to graded concentrations of active CK N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine (2ip) and CK-biosynthesis inhibitor lovastatin, and the phenotypic and endogenous phytohormone dynamics during tuber development were investigated. The results showed that low 2ip concentrations promoted tuberization, with 0.1 μM 2ip exhibiting the strongest inductive effect. The initial time of tuberization was advanced, and the tuberization rate, tuber fresh weight, and tuber diameter significantly increased. With increasing 2ip concentrations, higher levels (>50 μM) inhibited tuberization and markedly elevated the length-to-width ratio of tubers. Inhibiting CK biosynthesis by lovastatin also inhibited tuberization, and even induced the formation of abnormal tubers. Treatment with 0.1 μM 2ip shifted the endogenous hormone balance toward a state that favors tuber formation and development. Levels of active CKs (iP, tZ, and DHZ), IAA, and SA significantly increased, whereas the contents of total jasmonates (JA, JA-Ile, and cis-OPDA), ABA, and inactive CKs (iPR and cZR) decreased. The ratios of active CKs to GA3, ABA, or JA, as well as the IAA/ABA and IAA/GA3 ratios, significantly increased. Inhibition of CK biosynthesis elicited changes in CKs, JAs, and ABA levels, as well as in the associated phytohormone ratios, that were opposite to those observed with 0.1 μM 2ip treatment. Thus this study revealed the specific physiological roles of active CKs in tuber development and provided insights into the mechanisms of tuber development regulated by CKs.
细胞分裂素(Cytokinins, ck)在马铃薯植株中以多种形式存在,其中活性细胞分裂素仅占很小的比例,但在马铃薯块茎发育中起着至关重要的作用。在本研究中,马铃薯匍匐茎暴露于不同浓度的活性CK N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-腺嘌呤(2ip)和CK生物合成抑制剂洛伐他汀,研究了块茎发育过程中的表型和内源植物激素动态。结果表明,低浓度的2ip促进了结核的形成,其中0.1 μM 2ip诱导效果最强。结瘤起始时间提前,结瘤率、块茎鲜重、块茎直径显著增加。随着2ip浓度的增加,较高浓度(bbb50 μM)抑制了块茎的形成,并显著提高了块茎的长宽比。洛伐他汀抑制CK生物合成也抑制了块茎的形成,甚至诱导了异常块茎的形成。0.1 μM 2ip处理将内源激素平衡转向有利于块茎形成和发育的状态。活性ck (iP、tZ和DHZ)、IAA和SA含量显著升高,总茉莉酸(JA、JA- ile和顺式opda)、ABA和非活性ck (iPR和cZR)含量显著降低。活性ck与GA3、ABA和JA的比值以及IAA/ABA和IAA/GA3的比值均显著升高。抑制CK生物合成引起了CK、JAs和ABA水平的变化,以及相关的植物激素比率的变化,与0.1 μM 2ip处理相反。因此,本研究揭示了活性ck在块茎发育中的具体生理作用,为探讨ck调控块茎发育的机制提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Ca2+ flux in plant responses to abiotic stress 植物对非生物胁迫响应中的Ca2+通量。
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154648
Songsong Jin , Xinling Zhong , Zhangli Hu , Zhonghao Jiang
Calcium (Ca2+) plays versatile roles in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to environmental stimuli. Abiotic stressors, including abnormal temperature, drought, salt, heavy metals, and flooding, induce instantaneous and rapid free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation, known as Ca2+ signatures. Ca2+ signatures are stress-specific and regulated by Ca2+ flux. Ca2+ flux contains Ca2+ influx, which initiates Ca2+ signatures, and Ca2+ efflux, which terminates them. Ca2+ flux is achieved through the co-operation of Ca2+ channels and pumps. Here, we highlight recent advances in Ca2+ flux and Ca2+ channel functions in plant responses to abiotic stress. Ca2+ influx channels in plants include the hyperosmolarity-gated calcium-permeable channel family of proteins (OSCAs), glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs), cyclic-nucleotide-gated calcium channels (CNGCs), annexins (ANNs), two-pore channels (TPCs), Piezo channels (PZOs), Mid1-complement activity protein channels (MCAs), and mechanosensitive channels of small conductance (MscS)-like proteins (MSLs). Ca2+ efflux channels mainly contain Ca2+-ATPases and Ca2+ exchangers. Most Ca2+ channels have been found to participate in plant responses to single abiotic stress, whereas some are reported to be involved in responses to multiple abiotic stresses. This improved knowledge advances our understanding of Ca2+ signaling in plant responses to abiotic stress and offers new strategies for cultivating stress-resilient crops.
钙(Ca2+)在植物生长发育以及对环境刺激的反应中发挥着多种作用。非生物应激源,包括异常温度、干旱、盐、重金属和洪水,诱导瞬时和快速的游离胞质Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt)升高,称为Ca2+特征。Ca2+信号是应力特异性的,由Ca2+通量调节。Ca2+通量包含Ca2+内流,其启动Ca2+特征,以及Ca2+外流,其终止它们。Ca2+通量是通过Ca2+通道和泵的合作实现的。在这里,我们重点介绍了植物对非生物胁迫反应中Ca2+通量和Ca2+通道功能的最新进展。植物中的Ca2+内流通道包括高渗透压门控钙透性通道家族蛋白(OSCAs)、谷氨酸受体样通道(GLRs)、环核苷酸门控钙通道(CNGCs)、膜联蛋白(ANNs)、双孔通道(TPCs)、压电通道(PZOs)、mid1补体活性蛋白通道(MCAs)和小电导样蛋白(MscS)的机械敏感通道(MSLs)。Ca2+外排通道主要包含Ca2+- atp酶和Ca2+交换剂。大多数Ca2+通道被发现参与植物对单一非生物胁迫的响应,而一些被报道参与对多重非生物胁迫的响应。这一改进的知识推进了我们对植物对非生物胁迫反应的Ca2+信号的理解,并为培育抗胁迫作物提供了新的策略。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient genetic transformation and gene editing system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes for Liriodendron hybrid and its application 根根农杆菌介导的鹅掌楸杂交高效遗传转化和基因编辑系统及其应用。
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154639
Mingyue Xu, Wenbin Su, Delight Hwarari, Yinyue Zuo, Zhaodong Hao, Jisen Shi, Jinhui Chen, Liming Yang
An efficient genetic transformation system is imperative for advancing gene functional studies and molecular breeding in horticultural tree species. Traditional Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated methods have encountered significant technical challenges when applied to tree species, particularly Liriodendron hybrids. The high costs, and extended transformation cycles associated with this method have substantially limited its utility in gene functional analysis and breeding applications. In response to these challenges, this study presents the development of a streamlined, rapid, and efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation system tailored specifically for Liriodendron hybrids, an important ornamental and timber tree species. Among the three Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (K599, MSU440, and C58C1) evaluated in this study, K599 demonstrated the highest transformation efficiency, reaching 46.09 % for inducing hairy roots from apical bud incisions. Further optimization of the system revealed that 2 days and two-month-old seedlings were the most suitable co-culture duration and explants, yielding a peak transformation efficiency of 60.38 %, 53.12 %, respectively. The applicability of this transformation system was validated across various Liriodendron hybrids genotypes and Liriodendron tulipifera, with transformation efficiencies ranging from 15.47 % to 60.63 %. Additionally, the system was effectively employed for subcellular localization analysis, which confirmed that the aquaporin (AQP) protein. LhAQP1 is localized in the plasma membrane and exhibits enrichment in the vascular tissues of the hairy roots. Notably, this study marks the first application of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated system for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Liriodendron hybrids, successfully achieving targeted mutagenesis of the LhAQP1 gene and establishing the feasibility of gene editing within this species. In addition, the hairy root-based transformation system was employed to investigate the functional role of LhAQP1 in the improved Liriodendron variety ‘Nanlin-Jinsen E1’ by comparing wild-type, LhAQP1-overexpressing and gene-edited lines generated via the CRISPR/Cas9. LhAQP1-overexpression significantly promoted plant growth and drought tolerance, whereas pYLCRISPR-LhAQP1 increases dehydration sensitivity, underscoring the essential role of LhAQP1 in water stress adaptation. Optimized transformation platform represents a crucial advancement for functional genomics and molecular breeding efforts in woody plants.
高效的遗传转化系统是推进园艺树种基因功能研究和分子育种的必要条件。传统的农杆菌介导的方法在应用于树种,特别是鹅掌楸杂交品种时遇到了重大的技术挑战。该方法的高成本和较长的转化周期极大地限制了其在基因功能分析和育种中的应用。为了应对这些挑战,本研究提出了一种专门针对鹅绒楸这种重要的观赏和木材树种的流线型、快速、高效的根生农杆菌介导的转化系统的开发。在本研究评价的3株根农杆菌(K599、MSU440和C58C1)中,K599的转化效率最高,从根尖芽切口诱导毛状根的转化率达到46.09%。进一步优化体系发现,2 d和2月龄的苗期和外植体最适宜,转化效率峰值分别为60.38%和53.12%。该转化体系适用于不同鹅掌楸杂交基因型和鹅掌楸,转化效率在15.47% ~ 60.63%之间。此外,该系统被有效地用于亚细胞定位分析,证实了水通道蛋白(AQP)蛋白。LhAQP1定位于质膜,在毛状根的维管组织中富集。值得注意的是,本研究首次将根际农杆菌介导的CRISPR/ cas9介导的基因编辑系统应用于鹅绒斛杂交体,成功实现了LhAQP1基因的靶向诱变,确立了在鹅绒斛内进行基因编辑的可行性。此外,利用毛状根转化系统,通过比较野生型、过表达LhAQP1和通过CRISPR/Cas9产生的基因编辑系,研究LhAQP1在改良鹅子楸品种‘南林-金森E1’中的功能作用。LhAQP1过表达显著促进植物生长和耐旱性,而pYLCRISPR-LhAQP1增加脱水敏感性,说明LhAQP1在水分胁迫适应中的重要作用。优化的转化平台是木本植物功能基因组学和分子育种工作的重要进展。
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引用次数: 0
Protoplast isolation and transient expression in the precious and economically important tree Toona ciliata 珍贵经济树种香椿纤毛原生质体的分离与瞬时表达。
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154635
Chunyi Ye , Weijia Kong , Yue Li , Huiyun Song , Ziyi Tian , Chunxia Lei , Pei Li

Background

Protoplasts are widely used in the fields of genetic transformation, physiology, and biochemistry, as they can easily absorb exogenous substances. The development and an efficient protoplast isolation and transient transformation system are essential for molecular biology and related research. Toona ciliata, valued for its high-quality and vividly colored wood, represents an economically significant species. In order to promote efficient breeding of the precious fast-growing tree, the establishment of a protoplast isolation and transient transformation system for T. ciliata is particularly important.

Results

The native protoplast isolation system established in this study used 0.3 g of leaves of two-month-old T. ciliata seedlings as the separation material, with an enzyme solution composed of 15 g/L Cellulase R-10 + 15 g/L Macerozyme R-10 + 0.6 M mannitol +10 mM MES +1 mM CaCl2 + 0.1 % BSA. Protoplasts were isolated in the dark at room temperature with gentle shaking (50 rpm) for 10 h, yielding (89.17 ± 7.21) × 106 protoplasts per gram of fresh weight with a viability of 92.62 ± 0.75 % (n = 3). For transient transformation, the optimal conditions included 40 % PEG, a plasmid concentration of 30 μg/μL, and a 30 min incubation in the dark, resulting in a transformation efficiency of 29.02 ± 6.13 % (n = 3). This highly efficient native protoplast-based transient expression system was successfully applied to determine the subcellular localization of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), a rate-limiting enzyme in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway in T. ciliata.

Conclusions

The established protoplast isolation and transient expression system provides a foundation for the subsequent identification of gene function and mechanism research, and provides a reliable research platform for the molecular breeding of T. ciliata, supporting future genetic improvement efforts.
背景:原生质体易吸收外源物质,在遗传转化、生理生化等领域有着广泛的应用。建立高效的原生质体分离和瞬时转化系统是分子生物学及相关研究的基础。香椿纤毛以其高质量和色彩鲜艳的木材而受到重视,是一种具有重要经济意义的物种。为了促进这一珍贵的速生树种的高效育种,建立一种原生质体分离和瞬时转化体系显得尤为重要。结果:本研究建立的原生质体分离体系以2月龄毛缕青苗叶片0.3 g为分离材料,酶液为15 g/L纤维素酶R-10 + 15 g/L宏观酶R-10 + 0.6 M甘露醇+10 mM MES +1 mM CaCl2 + 0.1% BSA。在室温暗摇(50 rpm)条件下分离原生质体10 h,每克鲜重产生(89.17±7.21)× 106个原生质体,活力为92.62±0.75% (n = 3)。瞬时转化的最佳条件为PEG含量为40%,质粒浓度为30 μg/μL,暗培养30 min,转化效率为29.02±6.13% (n = 3)。这种基于原生质体的高效瞬时表达系统成功地测定了纤毛t萜类生物合成途径中的限速酶1-脱氧-d -木lulose 5-磷酸合酶(DXS)的亚细胞定位。结论:建立的原生质体分离及瞬时表达体系为后续基因功能鉴定及机制研究奠定了基础,为纤毛虱分子育种提供了可靠的研究平台,为今后的遗传改良工作提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
The integrated function of roots in plant salt tolerance 根系在植物耐盐性中的综合作用。
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154638
Bing Cui , Yiran Xu , Yancan Li , Jie Song , Faujiah Nurhasanah Ritonga , Jianwei Gao , Jingjuan Li
Soil salinization is one of the critical challenges facing global agriculture, seriously affecting crop growth and yields. As the primary organs for absorbing water and nutrients, plant roots play a pivotal role in responding to salt stress. In recent years, researchers have uncovered diverse functional mechanisms underlying root-mediated salt tolerance through multi-dimensional studies, such as gene regulation, physiological and biochemical mechanisms, and ecological adaptation. This article reviews the integrated functions of plant roots in salt tolerance from multiple perspectives, including root structure and function, physiological and biochemical responses of roots, root-shoot coordination, root perception and signal transduction of salt stress, rhizosphere microbial synergy, nutrient elements, and the application of phenotypic techniques. Such knowledge is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for breeding salt-tolerant crop varieties.
土壤盐渍化是全球农业面临的重大挑战之一,严重影响作物生长和产量。植物根系作为吸收水分和养分的主要器官,在应对盐胁迫中起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,研究人员通过基因调控、生理生化机制、生态适应等多维度研究,揭示了根介导的耐盐机制的多种功能机制。本文从根系结构与功能、根系生理生化响应、根冠协调、盐胁迫下根系感知与信号转导、根际微生物协同作用、营养元素、表型技术应用等方面综述了植物根系在耐盐中的综合功能。这些知识有望为选育耐盐作物品种提供理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of nitrogen absorption, translocation, and assimilation depend on the growth stages of tank-forming epiphytic bromeliads 氮的吸收、转运和同化的动态取决于成罐凤梨属附生植物的生长阶段。
IF 4.1 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154636
Cassia Ayumi Takahashi , Rafael Silva Oliveira , Helenice Mercier
In tank-forming epiphytic bromeliads, two distinct growth stages can be easily identified, each characterized by specific adaptive traits for capturing nutrients such as inorganic or organic nitrogen sources: (a) the juvenile stage (atmospheric form), during which the bromeliad absorbs nutrients dissolved in rainwater through its leaves and roots; and (b) the adult stage (tank form), in which overlapping leaves form a reservoir that enables the accumulation of water and nutrients among the leaf bases. This study investigated differences in nitrogen absorption, translocation, and assimilation between these two growth stages of Vriesea gigantea. Atmospheric and tank-form bromeliads were supplied with solutions containing 15NO3, 15NH4+, or [U-15N]urea. Leaves and roots were harvested at six different time points and used for enzymatic activity assays (urease, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase) and endogenous content quantifications (ammonium, nitrate, and 15N abundance). Ammonium and urea were the main nitrogen sources utilized by both growth forms. However, they were not absorbed and assimilated with equal efficiency: atmospheric bromeliads used ammonium more efficiently, whereas tank bromeliads utilized urea better. Although nitrate was the least absorbed source in both plants, atmospheric bromeliads showed faster uptake and assimilation. These findings suggest that inorganic nitrogen sources may be more readily available to epiphytic bromeliads during their juvenile phase, which could explain why they are physiologically better adapted to absorb and metabolize them. In the adult stage, organic nitrogen sources may become more accessible to V. gigantea, as the tank structure facilitates the accumulation of decomposing organic matter.
在成罐附生凤梨属植物中,可以很容易地识别出两个不同的生长阶段,每个阶段都具有捕获营养物质(如无机或有机氮源)的特定适应特征:(a)幼年阶段(大气形式),在此期间凤梨属植物通过其叶子和根吸收溶解在雨水中的营养物质;(b)成虫期(罐状),重叠的叶片形成一个水库,使水分和营养物质在叶基之间积累。本研究研究了两个生育期巨茶对氮的吸收、转运和同化的差异。常压凤梨和罐式凤梨分别使用含有15NO3-、15NH4+或[U-15N]尿素的溶液。在六个不同的时间点收获叶片和根,用于酶活性测定(脲酶、硝酸盐还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶)和内源含量定量测定(铵、硝酸盐和15N丰度)。铵态氮和尿素是两种生长形式利用的主要氮源。然而,它们的吸收和同化效率并不相同:常压凤梨花对铵的利用效率更高,而罐式凤梨花对尿素的利用效率更高。虽然这两种植物对硝酸盐的吸收最少,但大气凤梨属植物对硝酸盐的吸收和同化速度更快。这些发现表明,附生凤梨在其幼年期可能更容易获得无机氮源,这可以解释为什么它们在生理上更好地适应吸收和代谢无机氮。在成虫阶段,由于罐体结构有利于分解有机质的积累,巨茶弧菌可能更容易获得有机氮源。
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Journal of plant physiology
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