Journal of plant physiology最新文献

{"title":"Detection and mapping of gm13, a QTL governing recessive resistance to rice gall midge","authors":"Fugang Huang ,&nbsp;Chunlan Teng ,&nbsp;Huayu Huang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Cheng ,&nbsp;Guihua Zhou ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Haojiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhe Jiang ,&nbsp;Shahzad Ahmad ,&nbsp;Piqing Liu ,&nbsp;Yongfu Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Asian rice gall midge (RGM, <em>Orseolia oryzae</em> Wood-Mason) is a major devastating insect pest of rice, causing continuous damage from seedling to tillering stage. Its larvae invade the basal meristematic tissues of rice shoots, secreting effectors that induce the formation of characteristic hollow, tube-like structures known as ‘silver-shoot’, which inhibits panicle development. Deploying resistant cultivars harboring RGM resistance genes remains the most effective, environment-friendly, and sustainable management strategy, yet the discovery of novel resistance loci remains critical. We found that rice variety NY74 employs a combination of antixenotic and antibiotic defenses against RGM, without a hypersensitive response during the first 16 days of infestation. Genetic segregation analysis revealed that resistance in NY74 is governed by a single recessive locus, designated as <em>gm13</em>. Initial mapping using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) localized <em>gm13</em> to chromosome 8L. The identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) individually explained 41.7 % of the phenotypic variation, with likelihood of odd (LOD) score 14.3. Subsequently, high-resolution linkage analysis segregating progenies further refined the locus to an 82 kb interval between 18.33 Mb and 18.41 Mb. Functional annotation of the candidate region identified a resistance gene homolog, <em>gene1</em>, as the most promising candidate gene, characterized by a leucine-rich repeat domain. Both the gene location and recessive genetic mode distinguish <em>gm13</em> from other RGM resistance locus. Our findings provide a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs and advance the molecular understanding of rice immunity against gall midge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by cluster and proteoid roots of Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren and Protea cynaroides (L.) L. in nutrient-poor ecosystems","authors":"Stian Griebenow ,&nbsp;Lida - Mari Groenewald ,&nbsp;Nokwanda Makunga ,&nbsp;Maik Veste ,&nbsp;Paul Hills ,&nbsp;Aleysia Kleinert ,&nbsp;Alexander Valentine","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certain plant families have evolved cluster (or proteoid) roots, which facilitate their survival in nutrient-poor ecosystems, specifically related to phosphorus impoverished environments, such as in South Africa, South Western Australia and Chile. Most cluster (or proteoid) rooted studies have focused on their capacity for phosphate acquisition, while in nutrient-poor ecosystems along with phosphate, nitrogen is the most limiting for plant growth. The role of cluster (or proteoid) roots in nitrogen nutrition is poorly understood. Therefore, in a field based experiments two cluster/proteoid rooted species, <em>Protea cynaroides</em> (L.) L. and <em>Aspalathus linearis</em> (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren, the cluster/proteoid root capacity for inorganic nitrogen assimilation and organic nitrogen recycling utilising was assessed utilising an enzymatic approach. It was shown that cluster/proteoid roots are able to assimilate both NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ through the enzyme activities of Glutamine synthase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) and Nitrate reductase (NR) (EC 1.7.1.1). Additionally, cluster/proteoid roots were also able to recycle amino acids into other useable forms. The assimilation and recycling of inorganic - and organic nitrogen by cluster/proteoid roots along with their capacity for phosphorus mobilisation, provides insight into how cluster/proteoid roots form part of a larger system in which belowground organs are integrated to acquire scarce resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light signal transduction networks regulating phenylpropanoid, terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis in horticultural plants","authors":"Yadi Chen,&nbsp;Lanxi Shi,&nbsp;Qingtao Xu,&nbsp;Chi Zhang,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Weixing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), crucial for horticultural crop quality and value, are synthesized in an organ-specific manner and are highly regulated by light. Acting beyond a mere energy source for photosynthesis, light signals are detected by specialized photoreceptors (e.g., phytochromes, cryptochromes, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8), triggering signaling cascades that converge on central regulators including the COP1-SPA complex and the transcription factor HY5. These regulators interact with a broad network of transcription factors, such as MYBs, bHLHs, BBXs, and PIFs, as well as epigenetic modifications, to precisely direct the transcriptional programs governing phenylpropanoid, terpenoid, and alkaloid metabolism. This review synthesizes these molecular mechanisms and discusses their implications for designing precise lighting strategies to enhance the quality and value of horticultural products in controlled-environment agriculture, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for light-quality regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Golden coloration of Ginkgo biloba can be driven by fine-tuning of pigment, flavonoid, and terpene metabolism","authors":"Yibin Lu ,&nbsp;Guolin Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Cuiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo He ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Weiqi Li ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Fu ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Lu ,&nbsp;Gongke Zhou ,&nbsp;Jie Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ginkgo leaf, with its unique fan-shaped structure, golden color, and rich content of bioactive metabolites, serves as an important medium for both cultural appreciation and medicinal use. However, the high-resolution metabolic profile of pigments and bioactive compounds has yet to be systematically investigated during the leaf color change process. In this study, we investigated a yellow-leaf mutant (YL^m) and a naturally yellowing leaf type (YLⁿ), comparing them with green leaves (GL) in terms of cellular structure, metabolic profile of gene expression and metabolite contents, and hormone levels. First, only the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) involved in the photosystems were severely damaged in YL^m while the whole chloroplast severely damaged in YLⁿ. Second, extensive reduction in chlorophyll content was only caused by the differential expression of <em>POR, CAO</em> and <em>CLH</em> in YL^m without the degradation which also occurred in the YLⁿ. The overall gene expression patterns as well as the proportion of specific metabolites in the carotenoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways varied significantly between YL^m and YLⁿ, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms between the two types of YL. The contents of hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene levels, and gibberellin were significantly different between YL^m and YLⁿ. The expression levels of several transcription factors involved in chloroplast development and pigment biosynthesis such as <em>GLK</em>, <em>FtsZ</em>, <em>ELIP</em>, <em>ORANGE</em>, <em>TCP14</em> were not changed significantly in YL^m. In conclusion, golden coloration of <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> is directly caused by the sharp decrease in chlorophyll, which can be driven by the precise regulation of certain genes and does not necessitate the initiation of senescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 contributes to improve tomato drought stress resilience and priming for enhanced gene regulation","authors":"Mengistu F. Mekureyaw ,&nbsp;Chandana Pandey ,&nbsp;Ajay Madhusudan Sorty ,&nbsp;Rosanna C. Hennessy ,&nbsp;Mette H. Nicolaisen ,&nbsp;Fulai Liu ,&nbsp;Ole Nybroe ,&nbsp;Thomas Roitsch","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas putida</em> KT2440 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), known to enhance tolerance to pathogen infection, but its role in drought stress mitigation remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess whether inoculation with KT2440 improves tomato tolerance to drought. Inoculation with the KT2440 wild type (WT) significantly improved ecophysiological drought stress responses by increasing leaf water potential and photosynthetic rate. It also resulted in an impact on the holobiont cell physiology through modulation of the activity signature of key enzymes of carbohydrate (e.g., PGM and vacInv) and antioxidant (e.g., GR, MDHAR, and cwPOX) metabolism under drought conditions. To functionally assess the role of biofilm formation in drought response, biofilm-deficient mutants KT2440 Alg, with only one gene cluster for the exopolysaccharide alginate deleted, and KT2440 Q, with four exopolysaccharide gene clusters (<em>alg, bcs, pea</em> and <em>peb</em>) deleted, were used. Inoculation with these two mutants led to reduced drought resilience, with partial or complete loss of protective effects in the Alg and Q mutants, respectively. This was reflected in lowered leaf water potential, photosynthetic rate, and reduced antioxidant and carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities compared to inoculation with the corresponding wild type. Global RNA sequencing revealed that under drought conditions 360 % more genes were differentially regulated in the presence of KT2440 WT compared to the mock inoculated control, whereas this value decreased again to only 140 % more differentially regulated genes after recovery from the drought stress. Thus, KT2440 specifically primes the plant for a much more pronounced transcriptional response only during the impact of drought, thus providing resilience protection on demand. This priming for enhanced abiotic stress responsiveness was partially dependent on the ability to form biofilm. Both under well-watered and drought stress the number of differentially regulated genes was strongly reduced in plants inoculated with KT2440 Q compared to WT. Gene ontology and expression analyses showed significant upregulation of pathways involved in photosynthesis, phytohormone signaling, antioxidant metabolism, and drought resilience in KT2440-inoculated plants. Although KT2440 WT showed higher biofilm formation compared to the Alg and Q mutants, the strains did not differ in their ability for root colonization. These findings provide novel insights into the contribution of biofilm formation to PGPR-mediated drought tolerance and protection on demand via priming for enhanced transcriptional regulation under stress, supporting the potential of KT2440 for environmentally friendly mitigating of drought stress responses in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of mango GF14I1 and GF14I2 promotes early flowering and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis","authors":"Jumei Wei,&nbsp;Liming Xia,&nbsp;Tianli Guo,&nbsp;Yanshu Meng,&nbsp;Kaijiang Li,&nbsp;Moying Lan,&nbsp;Yi Nai,&nbsp;Wenting Wu,&nbsp;Shuquan Chen,&nbsp;Weiqiaochu He,&nbsp;Xinhua He,&nbsp;Cong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>14-3-3 proteins, also called G-box factor 14-3-3 homologs (GF14) or G-box regulatory factors (GRFs), are highly abundant and involved in a variety of physiological regulatory processes, especially in flowering and stress regulation. This study selected a pair of <em>GF14</em> genes, <em>MiGF14I1</em> and <em>MiGF14I2</em>, which exhibit distinct intron and exon numbers, for functional characterization. <em>MiGF14I1</em> and <em>MiGF14I2</em> are expressed in various mango tissues, with particularly high expression levels detected in flowers. In addition, <em>MiGF14I1</em> and <em>MiGF14I2</em> were significantly upregulated under low-temperature, salt, and drought treatments. The overexpression of <em>MiGF14I1</em> and <em>MiGF14I2</em> in <em>Arabidopsis</em> resulted in early flowering and upregulated the expression of the bZIP transcription factors FD (AtFD), <em>SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like (AtSPL)</em> and <em>APETALA1</em> (<em>AtAP1</em>) in <em>Arabidopsis</em>. The <em>MiGF14I1</em> and <em>MiGF14I2</em> overexpression lines presented significantly increased germination rates, root lengths and survival rates under stress. Compared with those in the control plants, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂ were significantly lower, whereas the content of proline was significantly greater in the transgenic plants. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses revealed that MiGF14I interacted with the flowering-related proteins MiFD and FLOWERING LOCUS T (MiFT) and with several stress-related proteins, namely, NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (MiNAC7), MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (MiMIEL1) and zinc finger protein 4 (MiZFP4). Moreover, yeast three-hybrid and luciferase complementation assay (LCA) analyses revealed that MiGF14I acts as a bridge to increase the interaction of MiFT with MiFD, which may lead to the formation of the flowering activation complex (FAC) of mango. These findings suggest that the <em>MiGF14I1</em> and <em>MiGF14I2</em> genes may play important roles in flowering and stress response in mango.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into responses to elevated temperatures in Solanum tuberosum cultivars with contrasting sensitivity","authors":"Selina Beck ,&nbsp;Luisa Höfner ,&nbsp;David Rüscher ,&nbsp;Danuše Tarkowská ,&nbsp;Jitka Široká ,&nbsp;Stephen Reid ,&nbsp;David Pscheidt ,&nbsp;Jörg Hofmann ,&nbsp;Ondřej Novák ,&nbsp;Miroslav Strnad ,&nbsp;Sophia Sonnewald","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevated temperatures caused by climate change threaten potato production. To understand heat stress adaptations and variety-specific responses, plants of a susceptible (Cecile) and a tolerant cultivar (Solara) were exposed to elevated temperatures (30/28 °C) for 21 days at tuberization stage. Phenotypic, physiological, transcriptional and metabolic changes were analyzed in comparison to ambient temperatures (21/19 °C). Heat stress caused shoot elongation and tuber weight loss, which were more pronounced in Cecile. Transcriptome analysis of leaf samples revealed a stronger decrease of photosynthesis-associated genes in the sensitive cultivar Cecile, which was associated with decreased chlorophyll fluorescence and an early senescence. These effects correlated with strongly elevated levels of salicylic acid and ethylene. In contrast, Solara showed delayed senescence and a higher expression of sugar and amino acid transporters suggesting an adaptive mechanism to maintain carbohydrate and amino acid allocation. The expression of known tuberization regulators including <em>SP6A</em>, exhibited a similar response to heat in both varieties, with decreasing expression of <em>SP6A</em>. Solara exhibited a constitutively higher expression of <em>PEBP14/15</em> and <em>MADS13</em>, which potentially promote tuberization and may support tuber growth under heat. Regardless of variety, a few genes, such as <em>HSP20</em> and <em>HSP70</em>, were induced by heat and may serve as heat stress marker genes. Altogether, the results indicate that delayed senescence, stable photosynthesis, efficient assimilate translocation, and differential regulation of tuberization pathways contribute to heat tolerance in Solara. These insights improve our understanding of the molecular basis of heat resilience and provide potential targets for breeding climate-resilient potato varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global lysine crotonylation profiling reveals metabolic and stress-responsive mechanisms in Reynoutria japonica","authors":"Lei You ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongbin Cheng ,&nbsp;Yujie Deng ,&nbsp;Haitang Xiong ,&nbsp;Jumei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengxiu Ye ,&nbsp;Zezhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Victor Manuel Martinez Espinosa ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Lanlan Zheng ,&nbsp;Tong Li ,&nbsp;Yonghong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Reynoutria japonica</em> (Huzhang), also known as Japanese knotweed, is a traditionally valued medicinal herb in Asian medicine. Historically introduced to Europe and England for ornamental purposes, it has since become widely regarded as an invasive species due to its aggressive growth and adaptability. Understanding the mechanisms underlying its robust growth and environmental adaptability is therefore of both horticultural and ecological interest. Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly discovered post-translational modification implicated in diverse biological processes, but its roles in non-histone proteins, especially within medicinal plant <em>R. japonica</em>, remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first comprehensive proteome-wide profiling of Kcr in <em>R. japonica</em>. Using high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with immunoaffinity enrichment, we identified 18,914 Kcr sites across 5842 proteins and characterized six conserved sequence motifs, constituting the largest plant crotonylome described to date. Functional enrichment revealed that Kcr-modified proteins are primarily associated with critical metabolic pathways, including carbon fixation, photosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and protein translation. Notably, abundant Kcr modifications were found on enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as resveratrol and anthraquinones. Additionally, stress-responsive changes in global Kcr modification were observed, with H2B carrying the highest number of Kcr sites and showing a marked reduction under stress. These findings provide novel insights into the functional significance of Kcr in plant metabolic regulation and stress adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auxin-mediated regulation and functional adaptation of leaf veins under heat stress","authors":"Afroz Naznin ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jing He ,&nbsp;Md Mazadul Islam ,&nbsp;Asad Abbas ,&nbsp;Jay Bose ,&nbsp;Oula Ghannoum ,&nbsp;Zhong-Hua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevated global temperatures threaten crop yield and quality by impairing plant hydraulic efficiency and photosynthetic stability, hence highlighting the significance of vascular architectural plasticity in heat stress tolerance. Leaf vein architecture, the principal conduit for water, nutrients, and photosynthates, provides structural support and controls gas exchange, which are critical for sustaining growth and productivity under heat stress. Increasing evidence shows that vascular plasticity, including adjustments in vein density and patterning, underpins plant resilience by maintaining physiological homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of how heat stress influences leaf and vein structure, with an emphasis on the molecular regulatory networks that drive vascular structural adaptation. We highlight the central role of auxin in coordinating vascular differentiation through its regulation of biosynthesis, polar transport, and signalling transduction, and discuss how auxin integrates with other hormonal pathways to fine-tune vascular traits in response to environmental cues. Particularly, we focus on the unique vein patterning strategies and physiological function in the grass family, including species of many major food and cash crops with agricultural and ecological significance. By integrating these insights, we propose a framework that links vascular plasticity with plant development and yield, offering research insights and practical guidance for breeding heat-resilient crop varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TaGSr-4D orchestrates lateral root development and tolerance to low nitrogen stress in Arabidopsis","authors":"Huiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Duheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Furong Nai ,&nbsp;Lulu Wang ,&nbsp;Yihao Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateral roots are significant for capturing nutrients and water from the soil due to their capacity to expand the uptake area of the root system. Comprehending the molecular mechanisms that regulate lateral root development would be beneficial for optimizing the root system architecture (RSA) and improving crop yield. The enzyme GS (Glutamine synthetase) is a key enzyme that assimilates ammonium into glutamine. Previous study showed that <em>TaGSr</em> (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. <em>ROOT GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE</em>) was mainly expressed in the root. However, little is known about the function of <em>TaGSr</em> in root system development in wheat. In this study, we showed that <em>TaGSr-4D</em> was expressed at all eight developmental stages of lateral root primordia and the heterologous expression of <em>TaGSr-4D</em> gene from wheat promoted the lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of <em>TaGSr-4D</em> increased glutamine content and auxin content in root. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of <em>IAA14</em>, <em>LBD18</em>, <em>ARF6</em>, <em>ARF8</em>, <em>YUC3</em>, <em>YUC5</em>, <em>YUC6</em>, and <em>YUC9</em> were up-regulated in <em>TaGSr-4D-</em>OE Arabidopsis plants compared with wild-type. The absence of lateral roots in the <em>arf7 arf19</em> mutant was not complemented by <em>TaGSr-4D</em> overexpression. These findings suggested that <em>TaGSr-4D</em>-regulated lateral root development is dependent on auxin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the shoot fresh weight of overexpression of <em>TaGSr-4D</em> OE-1 in Arabidopsis was greatly increased (39.29 %) compared with wild-type under low nitrogen conditions. This study may provides important clues for improving RSA and yield in wheat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 154682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145804739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}