Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154418
Wenxuan Wang, Haiou Wang, Xiaoyu Ren
To explore variation patterns of uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes responding to organophosphate esters (OPEs) among Poaceae plants, hydroponic and computer simulation experiments were executed. Plant growth, OPEs' concentration, and bioinformation and transcript of lipid transporters in the three terrestrial barley, wheat, and maize and aquatic rice seedlings were studied after exposure to seven OPE congeners. Four types of plants could accumulate seven OPE congeners. OPEs could promote rice growth by upregulating IAA27 hormone gene. However, maize growth was inhibited due to upregulating IAA17 hormone gene. In general, OPEs with log Kow > 4 tended to accumulate in roots of the four types of plants. Furthermore, the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanism of OPEs in different plants showed species-specific, depending on chemical properties of OPEs and biological factors specifically referring to the binding ability and gene expression of lipid transporters. The uptake and accumulation of OPE in aquatic rice roots were mainly influenced by biological factors. On the contrary, terrestrial plants relied on log Kow more than biological factors. Meanwhile, TIL of Poaceae plants could be a common and key protein that contributed to OPEs accumulation.
{"title":"The difference of organophosphate esters (OPEs) uptake, translocation and accumulation mechanism between four varieties in Poaceae.","authors":"Wenxuan Wang, Haiou Wang, Xiaoyu Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore variation patterns of uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes responding to organophosphate esters (OPEs) among Poaceae plants, hydroponic and computer simulation experiments were executed. Plant growth, OPEs' concentration, and bioinformation and transcript of lipid transporters in the three terrestrial barley, wheat, and maize and aquatic rice seedlings were studied after exposure to seven OPE congeners. Four types of plants could accumulate seven OPE congeners. OPEs could promote rice growth by upregulating IAA27 hormone gene. However, maize growth was inhibited due to upregulating IAA17 hormone gene. In general, OPEs with log K<sub>ow</sub> > 4 tended to accumulate in roots of the four types of plants. Furthermore, the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanism of OPEs in different plants showed species-specific, depending on chemical properties of OPEs and biological factors specifically referring to the binding ability and gene expression of lipid transporters. The uptake and accumulation of OPE in aquatic rice roots were mainly influenced by biological factors. On the contrary, terrestrial plants relied on log K<sub>ow</sub> more than biological factors. Meanwhile, TIL of Poaceae plants could be a common and key protein that contributed to OPEs accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"154418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154415
Qing Wang, Da-Ru Wang, Xin Liu, Guo-Lin Chen, He-Dan Li, Wen-Long Ji, Man-Shu Qu, Rui Yang, Chun-Xiang You
Plants are vulnerable to various abiotic stresses in the natural growing environment, among which salt stress can seriously affect plant growth, development and yield. Protein families containing trimeric tetrapeptide repeat sequences have a crucial function in plant resilience to non-living factors and participate in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. For this investigation, we acquired the apple MdTPR16 gene. The research demonstrated that ectopic expression of MdTPR16 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance to salt stress. This was observed by a drop in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a reduction in the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress conditions. Meanwhile, apple calli, apple seedlings and apple rooting seedlings overexpressing MdTPR16 showed reduced sensitivity to salt stress. The results indicate that MdTPR16 has a critical positive regulatory function under salt stress, which may lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways of salt tolerance in apple.
{"title":"Trimeric tetrapeptide repeat protein TPR16 positively regulates salt stress in apple.","authors":"Qing Wang, Da-Ru Wang, Xin Liu, Guo-Lin Chen, He-Dan Li, Wen-Long Ji, Man-Shu Qu, Rui Yang, Chun-Xiang You","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants are vulnerable to various abiotic stresses in the natural growing environment, among which salt stress can seriously affect plant growth, development and yield. Protein families containing trimeric tetrapeptide repeat sequences have a crucial function in plant resilience to non-living factors and participate in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. For this investigation, we acquired the apple MdTPR16 gene. The research demonstrated that ectopic expression of MdTPR16 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance to salt stress. This was observed by a drop in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a reduction in the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress conditions. Meanwhile, apple calli, apple seedlings and apple rooting seedlings overexpressing MdTPR16 showed reduced sensitivity to salt stress. The results indicate that MdTPR16 has a critical positive regulatory function under salt stress, which may lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways of salt tolerance in apple.</p>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"154415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154414
Hubert Matkowski, Agata Daszkowska-Golec
Currently, agriculture is facing the threat of climate change. Adaptation of plants to unfavorable growth conditions is undoubtedly a great challenge for scientists. A promising solution to this problem is priming, for which chemicals, microorganisms and phytohormones can be used. The use of priming not only affects the adaptation of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions caused by water deficiency, low temperatures, heat and soil pollution, but can also improve the quantity and quality of biomass. In this review, we focus on the role of plant phytohormones in inducing priming in crop plants. We took a closer look at hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellins. We focused not only on their physiological and morphological effects, but also on what changes at the molecular level are induced by priming with phytohormones. An interesting aspect of priming is the epigenetic changes induced by phytohormones, which influence better adaptation to unfavorable conditions, which is why we addressed this topic in this review.
{"title":"Wisdom comes after facts - An update on plants priming using phytohormones.","authors":"Hubert Matkowski, Agata Daszkowska-Golec","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, agriculture is facing the threat of climate change. Adaptation of plants to unfavorable growth conditions is undoubtedly a great challenge for scientists. A promising solution to this problem is priming, for which chemicals, microorganisms and phytohormones can be used. The use of priming not only affects the adaptation of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions caused by water deficiency, low temperatures, heat and soil pollution, but can also improve the quantity and quality of biomass. In this review, we focus on the role of plant phytohormones in inducing priming in crop plants. We took a closer look at hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellins. We focused not only on their physiological and morphological effects, but also on what changes at the molecular level are induced by priming with phytohormones. An interesting aspect of priming is the epigenetic changes induced by phytohormones, which influence better adaptation to unfavorable conditions, which is why we addressed this topic in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"154414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154394
Tran-Nguyen Nguyen, Pham Anh Tuan, Deepak Sharma, Belay T. Ayele
Induction and retention of dormancy are among the physiological processes that take place during seed maturation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these events are poorly understood in wheat. This study revealed that seed maturation in wheat is associated with decreases in abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) levels irrespective of dormancy level exhibited by the seeds mainly via expression of specific ABA (TaCYP707A1) and GA (TaGA3ox2, TaGA2ox3 and TaGA2ox6) metabolism genes. Consistently, ABA to GA level ratio decreased during maturation in both highly dormant and low-dormant seeds with no apparent difference in the ratio of their levels between the two seed samples. Our data, however, showed a close association between the induction and retention of dormancy during seed maturation and modulation of the balance between ABA and GA signaling via expression of specific genes that acts as positive regulators seed response to ABA (TaPYL5 and TaABI5) and GA (TaGAMyb). Consistently, the highly dormant and low-dormant seeds exhibited substantial variation in their sensitivity to ABA and GA during their maturation. The findings of this study highlight that genetic variation in induction and retention of dormancy during wheat seed maturation can be mediated by a shift in balance between seed sensitivity to ABA and GA independent of a shift in balance between their levels.
{"title":"Alteration in the balance between ABA and GA signaling mediates genetic variation in induction and retention of dormancy during seed maturation in wheat","authors":"Tran-Nguyen Nguyen, Pham Anh Tuan, Deepak Sharma, Belay T. Ayele","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Induction and retention of dormancy are among the physiological processes that take place during seed maturation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these events are poorly understood in wheat. This study revealed that seed maturation in wheat is associated with decreases in abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) levels irrespective of dormancy level exhibited by the seeds mainly via expression of specific ABA (<em>TaCYP707A</em>1) and GA (<em>TaGA3ox2</em>, <em>TaGA2ox3</em> and <em>TaGA2ox6</em>) metabolism genes. Consistently, ABA to GA level ratio decreased during maturation in both highly dormant and low-dormant seeds with no apparent difference in the ratio of their levels between the two seed samples. Our data, however, showed a close association between the induction and retention of dormancy during seed maturation and modulation of the balance between ABA and GA signaling via expression of specific genes that acts as positive regulators seed response to ABA (<em>TaPYL5</em> and <em>TaABI5</em>) and GA (<em>TaGAMyb</em>). Consistently, the highly dormant and low-dormant seeds exhibited substantial variation in their sensitivity to ABA and GA during their maturation. The findings of this study highlight that genetic variation in induction and retention of dormancy during wheat seed maturation can be mediated by a shift in balance between seed sensitivity to ABA and GA independent of a shift in balance between their levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154386
Dolores Vázquez-Rivera , Pedro Iván Huerta-Venegas , Javier Raya-González , César Arturo Peña-Uribe , Jesús Salvador López-Bucio , Ernesto García-Pineda , José López-Bucio , Jesús Campos-García , Homero Reyes de la Cruz
The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is critical for plant growth and stress adaptation through maintaining the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, by using BX517, an inhibitor of the mammalian phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), we tested the hypothesis that a plant ortholog of PDK1 could influence the TOR complex activity and its target, the S6 ribosomal protein kinase (S6K) in Arabidopsis seedlings. Through locally applying sucrose to leaves, which promotes root growth and plant biomass production via TOR signaling, we could demonstrate the opposite trend upon BX517 treatment, which antagonized sucrose-induced plant growth and overly decreased root development through inhibiting the expression of mitotic cyclins CYCB1 and CYCA3 in root meristems. Evidence was gathered that the WEE1 kinase, a master regulator of the DNA damage rescue system in meristems, operates downstream of a plant BX517 target(s). TOR protein activity and WEE1 expression were analyzed through protein blots and reporter gene activity, respectively, and their relationship with meristematic cell cycle progression was tested through genetic analyses. BX517 reduced TOR kinase activity, activated WEE1 expression in shoot, root, and lateral root meristems, and inhibited meristematic cell cycle progression in roots, suggesting that PDK1 is a critical element for plant responses to mitogenic factors through modulating TOR activity. Our data uncover a relation between a PDK1 ortholog with TOR activity and the expression of WEE1 kinase for growth and stress responses in plants.
{"title":"BX517, an inhibitor of the mammalian phospholipid-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), antagonizes sucrose-induced plant growth and represses the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and the cell cycle through WEE1 kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Dolores Vázquez-Rivera , Pedro Iván Huerta-Venegas , Javier Raya-González , César Arturo Peña-Uribe , Jesús Salvador López-Bucio , Ernesto García-Pineda , José López-Bucio , Jesús Campos-García , Homero Reyes de la Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is critical for plant growth and stress adaptation through maintaining the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, by using BX517, an inhibitor of the mammalian phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), we tested the hypothesis that a plant ortholog of PDK1 could influence the TOR complex activity and its target, the S6 ribosomal protein kinase (S6K) in Arabidopsis seedlings. Through locally applying sucrose to leaves, which promotes root growth and plant biomass production via TOR signaling, we could demonstrate the opposite trend upon BX517 treatment, which antagonized sucrose-induced plant growth and overly decreased root development through inhibiting the expression of mitotic cyclins CYCB1 and CYCA3 in root meristems. Evidence was gathered that the WEE1 kinase, a master regulator of the DNA damage rescue system in meristems, operates downstream of a plant BX517 target(s). TOR protein activity and WEE1 expression were analyzed through protein blots and reporter gene activity, respectively, and their relationship with meristematic cell cycle progression was tested through genetic analyses. BX517 reduced TOR kinase activity, activated WEE1 expression in shoot, root, and lateral root meristems, and inhibited meristematic cell cycle progression in roots, suggesting that PDK1 is a critical element for plant responses to mitogenic factors through modulating TOR activity. Our data uncover a relation between a PDK1 ortholog with TOR activity and the expression of WEE1 kinase for growth and stress responses in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154381
Yifan Yin, Liuzi Zhang, Jiangting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a key biosynthetic precursor of tetrapyrrole compounds, significantly induces anthocyanin accumulation in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) as well as other fruits. Although the molecular mechanisms of ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation have been reported, it remains unknown whether the metabolism of ALA is involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Here, we found that MdFC2, a gene encoding ferrochelatase (MdFC2), which catalyzes the generation of heme from protoporphyrin lX (PPIX), may play an important role in ALA-induced apple anthocyanin accumulation. Exogenous ALA induced the MdFC2 expression as well as anthocyanin accumulation in apple leaves, calli, and isolated fruits. MdFC2 overexpression in apple leaves or calli significantly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation as well as the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, while RNA interference MdFC2 inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. When 2,2′-dithiodipyridine, an inhibitor of MdFC2, was added, ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation was blocked. These results suggest that ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple may be regulated by heme or its biosynthesis, among which MdFC2 or MdFC2 may play a critical positive regulatory role. This finding provides a novel insight to explore the mechanisms of ALA-regulating physiological processes and better application of ALA in high-quality fruit production.
{"title":"MdFC2, a ferrochelatase gene, is a positive regulator of ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apples","authors":"Yifan Yin, Liuzi Zhang, Jiangting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a key biosynthetic precursor of tetrapyrrole compounds, significantly induces anthocyanin accumulation in apple (<em>Malus</em> × <em>domestica</em> Borkh.) as well as other fruits. Although the molecular mechanisms of ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation have been reported, it remains unknown whether the metabolism of ALA is involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Here, we found that <em>MdFC2</em>, a gene encoding ferrochelatase (MdFC2), which catalyzes the generation of heme from protoporphyrin lX (PPIX), may play an important role in ALA-induced apple anthocyanin accumulation. Exogenous ALA induced the <em>MdFC2</em> expression as well as anthocyanin accumulation in apple leaves, calli, and isolated fruits. <em>MdFC2</em> overexpression in apple leaves or calli significantly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation as well as the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, while RNA interference <em>MdFC2</em> inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. When 2,2′-dithiodipyridine, an inhibitor of MdFC2, was added, ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation was blocked. These results suggest that ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple may be regulated by heme or its biosynthesis, among which <em>MdFC2</em> or MdFC2 may play a critical positive regulatory role. This finding provides a novel insight to explore the mechanisms of ALA-regulating physiological processes and better application of ALA in high-quality fruit production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Members of the Cucurbitaceae family accumulate several hydrophobic organic pollutants in their above-ground parts at high concentrations. Major latex-like proteins (MLPs) identified in Cucurbita pepo bind to hydrophobic organic pollutants, such as pyrene and dieldrin, in roots, forming complexes that are transported via xylem vessels to the above-ground plant parts. However, soil remediation of hydrophobic organic pollutants utilizing MLPs has not been established. In this study, the uptake of the hydrophobic organic pollutant pyrene by C. pepo was promoted through the upregulation of the expression of MLP genes following agrochemical treatment. Probenazole, an active ingredient in the agrochemical Oryzemate, was previously found to upregulate the promoter activity of MLP genes in the roots of transgenic tobacco plants. Here, Oryzemate treatment increased the levels of MLPs in the roots and xylem sap of C. pepo. Oryzemate treatment slightly increased and significantly decreased the pyrene concentration in the xylem sap of C. pepo cultivated in high- and low-contamination soils, respectively. Probenazole competitively inhibited the binding of MLPs to pyrene in vitro, thereby likely suppressing its uptake by C. pepo in low-contamination soil. This study demonstrated that Oryzemate possesses dual effects: effective phytoremediation and safe crop production, depending on the soil contamination level.
{"title":"Can the agrochemical Oryzemate treatment control the uptake of pyrene by Cucurbita pepo through the regulation of major latex-like proteins?","authors":"Natsumi Chitose , Kentaro Fujita , Maho Chujo , Hideyuki Inui","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the Cucurbitaceae family accumulate several hydrophobic organic pollutants in their above-ground parts at high concentrations. Major latex-like proteins (MLPs) identified in <em>Cucurbita pepo</em> bind to hydrophobic organic pollutants, such as pyrene and dieldrin, in roots, forming complexes that are transported via xylem vessels to the above-ground plant parts. However, soil remediation of hydrophobic organic pollutants utilizing MLPs has not been established. In this study, the uptake of the hydrophobic organic pollutant pyrene by <em>C. pepo</em> was promoted through the upregulation of the expression of <em>MLP</em> genes following agrochemical treatment. Probenazole, an active ingredient in the agrochemical Oryzemate, was previously found to upregulate the promoter activity of <em>MLP</em> genes in the roots of transgenic tobacco plants. Here, Oryzemate treatment increased the levels of MLPs in the roots and xylem sap of <em>C. pepo</em>. Oryzemate treatment slightly increased and significantly decreased the pyrene concentration in the xylem sap of <em>C. pepo</em> cultivated in high- and low-contamination soils, respectively. Probenazole competitively inhibited the binding of MLPs to pyrene <em>in vitro</em>, thereby likely suppressing its uptake by <em>C. pepo</em> in low-contamination soil. This study demonstrated that Oryzemate possesses dual effects: effective phytoremediation and safe crop production, depending on the soil contamination level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154384
Pei Zhao , Yuxia Liu , Zhuyun Deng , Lingtong Liu , Tengwei Yu , Gege Ge , Bingtang Chen , Tai Wang
Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoding gene Waxy (Wx), which largely regulates the amylose content of rice grains, is a master module determining rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Fine-tuning amylose level of grains is an ideal strategy to improve rice quality. Through fine editing of Wxa promoter and 5′UTR by CRISPR/Cas9 system, we created 14 types of novel Wx allelic variations, of which MT7 and MT13 were able to alter Wx expression and amylose content of grains. MT7 showed fragment deletion and base insertions in CAAT-boxes, hardly detectable expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 5.87% amylose in grains. MT13 had fragment deletions in the A-box and the TATA-box, low expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 9.61% amylose in grains. Besides of the amylose content, MT7 and MT13 significantly reduced protein content and increased lipid content of grains compared with Wxa. A comparison of MT7, MT13 and other allelic lines demonstrated the importance of base insertion around the second CAAT-box and 31bp-deletion following the second TATA-box in modulating Wx expression. Thus, our study generated two novel Wx allelic variations which significantly alter Wx expression and amylose content of rice grains, providing not only new germplasms for soft rice breeding, but also insights into candidate cis elements of Wx.
{"title":"Creating of novel Wx allelic variations significantly altering Wx expression and rice eating and cooking quality","authors":"Pei Zhao , Yuxia Liu , Zhuyun Deng , Lingtong Liu , Tengwei Yu , Gege Ge , Bingtang Chen , Tai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoding gene <em>Waxy</em> (<em>Wx</em>), which largely regulates the amylose content of rice grains, is a master module determining rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Fine-tuning amylose level of grains is an ideal strategy to improve rice quality. Through fine editing of <em>Wx</em><sup><em>a</em></sup> promoter and 5′UTR by CRISPR/Cas9 system, we created 14 types of novel <em>Wx</em> allelic variations, of which MT7 and MT13 were able to alter <em>Wx</em> expression and amylose content of grains. MT7 showed fragment deletion and base insertions in CAAT-boxes, hardly detectable expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 5.87% amylose in grains. MT13 had fragment deletions in the A-box and the TATA-box, low expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 9.61% amylose in grains. Besides of the amylose content, MT7 and MT13 significantly reduced protein content and increased lipid content of grains compared with <em>Wx</em><sup><em>a</em></sup>. A comparison of MT7, MT13 and other allelic lines demonstrated the importance of base insertion around the second CAAT-box and 31bp-deletion following the second TATA-box in modulating <em>Wx</em> expression. Thus, our study generated two novel <em>Wx</em> allelic variations which significantly alter <em>Wx</em> expression and amylose content of rice grains, providing not only new germplasms for soft rice breeding, but also insights into candidate <em>cis</em> elements of <em>Wx.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154383
Yuanyuan Liu, Yuqi Song, Liu Shi, Jiaying Cao, Zuliang Fan, Wei Zhang, Xi Chen
Copper is an essential but potential toxic micro-nutrient in rapeseed. So far, little is known about the mechanism of rapeseed Cu transport and detoxification. Here, we determined the function of Cu transporter, Brassica napus cell number regulator 6 (BnCNR6), in regulating Cu homeostasis. BnCNR6 exhibited higher expression level in euphylla and root tips. It was found that in protoplasts and transgenic plants expressing Pro35S:BnCNR6-GFP, BnCNR6 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM). Expression of BnCNR6 in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), compensated the Cu hypersensitivity of Δcup2 by promoting Cu2+ efflux. The overexpression of BnCNR6 in Arabidopsis athma5 mutant restored its growth, increased its photosynthesis, and reduced Cu2+ concentration in the roots. Furthermore, the roots of BnCNR6 overexpression lines had lower net Cu influx than in those of the athma5 mutant. These results revealed that BnCNR6 is a PM protein which is useful for detoxification to increase tolerance to Cu toxicity. Collectively, our study provides a theoretical basis for reducing Cu stress in rapeseed.
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Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154382
Zhongjuan Liu , Shaoxuan Huang , Lin Zhu , Chengquan Li , Duanmei Zhang , Mingxue Chen , Yanan Liu , Yongqiang Zhang
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as indispensable mineral elements, both play pivotal roles in plant growth and development. Despite the intimate association between nitrate signaling and inorganic phosphate (Pi) signaling, the regulatory function of Pi in N metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we observed that Pi deficiency leads to a reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), an essential enzyme involved in N metabolism. Furthermore, PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1), a key regulator of Pi signaling, exerts a negative impact on both NR activity and the expression of its coding gene NIA1. Importantly, our analysis utilizing yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) techniques reveals the direct binding of PHR1 to the NIA1 promoter via the P1BS motifs. Subsequent transient transcription expression assay (TTEA) demonstrates PHR1 as a transcriptional suppressor of NIA1. In addition, it was also observed that the SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) proteins SPX1 and SPX4 can attenuate the transcriptional inhibition of NIA1 by PHR1. Collectively, these findings reveal a mechanism through which PHR1-mediated Pi signal governs N metabolism, thus offering evidence for the precise modulation of plant growth and development via N-P interaction.
氮（N）和磷（P）作为不可或缺的矿物质元素，在植物的生长和发育过程中都起着举足轻重的作用。尽管硝酸盐信号传导与无机磷酸盐（Pi）信号传导密切相关，但人们对 Pi 在氮代谢中的调控功能仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们观察到 Pi 缺乏会导致硝酸还原酶（NR）活性降低，而 NR 是参与氮代谢的一种重要酶。此外，Pi 信号转导的关键调控因子磷酸盐饥饿反应 1（PHR1）对 NR 活性及其编码基因 NIA1 的表达均有负面影响。重要的是，我们利用酵母单杂交（Y1H）和电泳迁移分析（EMSA）技术进行的分析表明，PHR1 通过 P1BS 基序与 NIA1 启动子直接结合。随后的瞬时转录表达检测（TTEA）证明 PHR1 是 NIA1 的转录抑制因子。此外，还观察到 SPX（SYG1/Pho81/XPR1）蛋白 SPX1 和 SPX4 可以减弱 PHR1 对 NIA1 的转录抑制作用。总之，这些发现揭示了 PHR1 介导的 Pi 信号调控 N 代谢的机制，从而为通过 N-P 相互作用精确调控植物生长和发育提供了证据。
{"title":"PHR1 negatively regulates nitrate reductase activity by directly inhibiting the transcription of NIA1 in Arabidopsis","authors":"Zhongjuan Liu , Shaoxuan Huang , Lin Zhu , Chengquan Li , Duanmei Zhang , Mingxue Chen , Yanan Liu , Yongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as indispensable mineral elements, both play pivotal roles in plant growth and development. Despite the intimate association between nitrate signaling and inorganic phosphate (Pi) signaling, the regulatory function of Pi in N metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we observed that Pi deficiency leads to a reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), an essential enzyme involved in N metabolism. Furthermore, PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1), a key regulator of Pi signaling, exerts a negative impact on both NR activity and the expression of its coding gene <em>NIA1</em>. Importantly, our analysis utilizing yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) techniques reveals the direct binding of PHR1 to the <em>NIA1</em> promoter via the P1BS motifs. Subsequent transient transcription expression assay (TTEA) demonstrates PHR1 as a transcriptional suppressor of <em>NIA1</em>. In addition, it was also observed that the SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) proteins SPX1 and SPX4 can attenuate the transcriptional inhibition of <em>NIA1</em> by PHR1. Collectively, these findings reveal a mechanism through which PHR1-mediated Pi signal governs N metabolism, thus offering evidence for the precise modulation of plant growth and development via N-P interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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