Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154617
Yuxin Cui , Xiaoqian Zhang , Meixiang Yang , Xin Wei , Jianrong Guo
Potassium (K+) is a critical nutrient for plant growth and development. The K+ uptake/high-affinity K+ transporter/K+ transporter (KUP/HAK/KT) family comprises high-affinity K+ transport proteins in plants, with vital roles in K+ uptake and transport, especially under K+-deficient conditions. In this review, we summarize the functions of HAK transporter proteins in mediating K+ uptake and plant growth and development. We also discuss their roles in enhancing plant tolerance to salt, drought, K+ deficiency, and virus stresses, as well as their regulation. We propose that the functions of HAKs in regulating photosynthesis and growth, as well as the mechanisms by which HAKs interact with related genes and proteins to carry out their functions, warrant future investigation. The studies discussed here are important for improving the efficiency of K+ fertilization, enhancing crop yield and quality, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Current understanding of HAK potassium transporters in plant development and stress tolerance","authors":"Yuxin Cui , Xiaoqian Zhang , Meixiang Yang , Xin Wei , Jianrong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) is a critical nutrient for plant growth and development. The K<sup>+</sup> uptake/high-affinity K<sup>+</sup> transporter/K<sup>+</sup> transporter (KUP/HAK/KT) family comprises high-affinity K<sup>+</sup> transport proteins in plants, with vital roles in K<sup>+</sup> uptake and transport, especially under K<sup>+</sup>-deficient conditions. In this review, we summarize the functions of HAK transporter proteins in mediating K<sup>+</sup> uptake and plant growth and development. We also discuss their roles in enhancing plant tolerance to salt, drought, K<sup>+</sup> deficiency, and virus stresses, as well as their regulation. We propose that the functions of HAKs in regulating photosynthesis and growth, as well as the mechanisms by which HAKs interact with related genes and proteins to carry out their functions, warrant future investigation. The studies discussed here are important for improving the efficiency of K<sup>+</sup> fertilization, enhancing crop yield and quality, and promoting sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 154617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154616
Shuang Li , Wenbo Zhao , Wei Zhao , Zhen Jiao , Keqiao Cui , Rong Wang , Aiying Wang , Yuantao Tan , Huandong Li , Yue Yin , Feijuan Gao , Kaikai Liu , Yaoke Duan , Xiaoping Kong , Ruonan Ma , Hao Sun
Food security is increasingly threatened by population growth, regional conflicts, and climate disasters, making it imperative to further increase crop production. One safe approach to achieving this goal is to expand the utilization of agricultural inputs. Recent research has revealed that carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have potential in interacting with plants to enhance growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized CDs that emit red light at a wavelength of 670 nm when excited by green light at 560 nm. When tomato seedlings were treated with these CDs via foliar spraying, their plant height increased by 10.26 % and fresh weight by 19.81 %. Measurements of photosynthesis and the Hill reaction showed significant improvements in both photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast electron transport. Transcriptome analysis of tomato leaves revealed downregulation of genes associated with leaf senescence, including those involved in ethylene response, protein ubiquitination, chlorophyll degradation, ATP hydrolysis, and lignin synthesis. Transient expression assays of phyB1::GFP and phyB2::GFP demonstrated that CDs accelerate the translocation of red light-responsive phytochrome B (PhyB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, a process that may contribute to delayed leaf senescence. Additionally, during the harvesting period, CD-treated tomato plants showed evident enhancements in both fruit quantity and quality. These results collectively indicate that CDs promote tomato growth and fruit production by enhancing photosynthesis and delaying leaf senescence. This study not only provides insights for promoting tomato growth and yield but also offers valuable guidance for investigating interactions between nanomaterials and plants.
{"title":"Carbon dots promote tomato growth and yield via photosynthesis enhancement and leaf senescence delay","authors":"Shuang Li , Wenbo Zhao , Wei Zhao , Zhen Jiao , Keqiao Cui , Rong Wang , Aiying Wang , Yuantao Tan , Huandong Li , Yue Yin , Feijuan Gao , Kaikai Liu , Yaoke Duan , Xiaoping Kong , Ruonan Ma , Hao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food security is increasingly threatened by population growth, regional conflicts, and climate disasters, making it imperative to further increase crop production. One safe approach to achieving this goal is to expand the utilization of agricultural inputs. Recent research has revealed that carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have potential in interacting with plants to enhance growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized CDs that emit red light at a wavelength of 670 nm when excited by green light at 560 nm. When tomato seedlings were treated with these CDs via foliar spraying, their plant height increased by 10.26 % and fresh weight by 19.81 %. Measurements of photosynthesis and the Hill reaction showed significant improvements in both photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast electron transport. Transcriptome analysis of tomato leaves revealed downregulation of genes associated with leaf senescence, including those involved in ethylene response, protein ubiquitination, chlorophyll degradation, ATP hydrolysis, and lignin synthesis. Transient expression assays of phyB1::GFP and phyB2::GFP demonstrated that CDs accelerate the translocation of red light-responsive phytochrome B (PhyB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, a process that may contribute to delayed leaf senescence. Additionally, during the harvesting period, CD-treated tomato plants showed evident enhancements in both fruit quantity and quality. These results collectively indicate that CDs promote tomato growth and fruit production by enhancing photosynthesis and delaying leaf senescence. This study not only provides insights for promoting tomato growth and yield but also offers valuable guidance for investigating interactions between nanomaterials and plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 154616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154587
Roohollah Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi , Hadi Pirasteh-Anoshe , Sirous Tahmasebi
Melatonin has emerged as a crucial mediator in plant responses to abiotic stresses, with its regulatory effects closely dependent on its endogenous levels and biosynthetic dynamics. However, in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the upstream regulatory mechanisms of melatonin biosynthesis under salinity stress, and their connection to hormonal signaling, remain largely unknown. In this study, we explore the potential regulatory modules of the key melatonin biosynthesis gene, Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase 1 (ASMT1), in barley. Promoter analysis identified putative Stress-responsive NAC1 (SNAC1) binding motifs within the ASMT1 promoter region, and transcriptomic data showed the differential expression of SNAC1 and ASMT1 in response to salinity exposure. To further investigate this regulatory relationship, we performed a controlled greenhouse experiment with six treatments: control, Jasmonic acid (JA), DIECA (a JA biosynthesis inhibitor), salinity (S), JA + S, and DIECA + S. Exogenous JA significantly increased SNAC1 and ASMT1 expression, boosted melatonin levels, activated antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), and reduced oxidative damage and photosynthetic decline under salinity. In contrast, inhibition of JA biosynthesis by DIECA attenuated these responses, supporting the involvement of JA signaling in this pathway. Additionally, we observed a statistically significant correlation between gene expression profiles and melatonin content. While further functional validation is needed, our results support a model in which JA signaling contributes to salinity-induced melatonin biosynthesis, possibly through the SNAC1–ASMT1 axis. These findings offer new insights into how hormones regulate melatonin during stress and provide a framework for future functional studies aimed at improving stress tolerance in barley.
{"title":"Evidence for a JA-responsive SNAC1–ASMT1 regulatory module contributing to melatonin-mediated salinity stress tolerance in Barley","authors":"Roohollah Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi , Hadi Pirasteh-Anoshe , Sirous Tahmasebi","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melatonin has emerged as a crucial mediator in plant responses to abiotic stresses, with its regulatory effects closely dependent on its endogenous levels and biosynthetic dynamics. However, in barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.), the upstream regulatory mechanisms of melatonin biosynthesis under salinity stress, and their connection to hormonal signaling, remain largely unknown. In this study, we explore the potential regulatory modules of the key melatonin biosynthesis gene, <em>Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase 1</em> (<em>ASMT1</em>), in barley. Promoter analysis identified putative Stress-responsive NAC1 (SNAC1) binding motifs within the <em>ASMT1</em> promoter region, and transcriptomic data showed the differential expression of <em>SNAC1</em> and <em>ASMT1</em> in response to salinity exposure. To further investigate this regulatory relationship, we performed a controlled greenhouse experiment with six treatments: control, Jasmonic acid (JA), DIECA (a JA biosynthesis inhibitor), salinity (S), JA + S, and DIECA + S. Exogenous JA significantly increased <em>SNAC1</em> and <em>ASMT1</em> expression, boosted melatonin levels, activated antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), and reduced oxidative damage and photosynthetic decline under salinity. In contrast, inhibition of JA biosynthesis by DIECA attenuated these responses, supporting the involvement of JA signaling in this pathway. Additionally, we observed a statistically significant correlation between gene expression profiles and melatonin content. While further functional validation is needed, our results support a model in which JA signaling contributes to salinity-induced melatonin biosynthesis, possibly through the <em>SNAC1–ASMT1</em> axis. These findings offer new insights into how hormones regulate melatonin during stress and provide a framework for future functional studies aimed at improving stress tolerance in barley.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 154587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154586
Jung-Ho Shin , Hyun-Sung Kim , Sehee Kim , Won Park , Sung-Ju Ahn
Rare Cold Inducible 2s (RCI2s) are membrane-associated proteolipids dynamically trafficking between the plasma membrane (PM) and the endomembrane system. Their expression is upregulated in response to abiotic stresses, including cold, heat, drought, and salinity, contributing to plant stress tolerance. CsRCI2E interacts with the water transport protein CsPIP2; 1, reducing its abundance at the PM under NaCl-induced stress. Consequently, CsRCI2E is considered a potential regulator of CsPIP2 endocytosis involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its precise role in membrane trafficking remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the rapid internalization of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2 under mannitol-induced and NaCl-induced osmotic stress using a sucrose density gradient. CsRCI2E transcription levels increased significantly 3 h posttreatment with mannitol or NaCl. CsRCI2E overexpression enhanced stress tolerance and reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation-induced cellular damage during Camelina germination. Despite no concurrent change in CsRCI2E gene expression, the subcellular distribution of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2s (CsPIP2; 1 and CsPIP2; 2) shifted rapidly from the PM to the endomembrane within 0.5 h following osmotic stress. Additionally, CsRCI2E overexpression induced internalization and subcellular redistribution of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2s under osmotic stress and non-stress conditions. These findings suggest that CsRCI2E internalization functions as a sensing mechanism during the initial phase of osmotic shocks. Furthermore, elevated CsRCI2E levels promote CsPIP2s membrane trafficking from the PM to the endomembrane system, supporting water homeostasis in Camelina.
{"title":"Osmotic stress-induced CsRCI2E endosomal trafficking modulates CsPIP2 aquaporins at the plasma membrane in Camelina sativa","authors":"Jung-Ho Shin , Hyun-Sung Kim , Sehee Kim , Won Park , Sung-Ju Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare Cold Inducible 2s (RCI2s) are membrane-associated proteolipids dynamically trafficking between the plasma membrane (PM) and the endomembrane system. Their expression is upregulated in response to abiotic stresses, including cold, heat, drought, and salinity, contributing to plant stress tolerance. CsRCI2E interacts with the water transport protein CsPIP2; 1, reducing its abundance at the PM under NaCl-induced stress. Consequently, CsRCI2E is considered a potential regulator of CsPIP2 endocytosis involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its precise role in membrane trafficking remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the rapid internalization of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2 under mannitol-induced and NaCl-induced osmotic stress using a sucrose density gradient. <em>CsRCI2E</em> transcription levels increased significantly 3 h posttreatment with mannitol or NaCl. <em>CsRCI2E</em> overexpression enhanced stress tolerance and reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation-induced cellular damage during <em>Camelina</em> germination. Despite no concurrent change in <em>CsRCI2E</em> gene expression, the subcellular distribution of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2s (CsPIP2; 1 and CsPIP2; 2) shifted rapidly from the PM to the endomembrane within 0.5 h following osmotic stress. Additionally, <em>CsRCI2E</em> overexpression induced internalization and subcellular redistribution of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2s under osmotic stress and non-stress conditions. These findings suggest that CsRCI2E internalization functions as a sensing mechanism during the initial phase of osmotic shocks. Furthermore, elevated CsRCI2E levels promote CsPIP2s membrane trafficking from the PM to the endomembrane system, supporting water homeostasis in <em>Camelina</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 154586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154605
Yuquan Fu , Zhensheng Qiao , Yiming Zhao , Juchen Zhou , Xiangyu Huang , Changhuan Du , Feng sheng , Xuezhu Du
RAV transcription factors play roles in a variety of diverse biological processes. However, their role in rice's response to drought and blast stress remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed a genome-wide characterization and identification of rice RAV transcription factor family genes. Our analysis of gene structure, chromosome location, cis-regulatory elements, and collinearity revealed the phylogenetic characteristics of this gene family. The RT-qPCR of the 15 genes showed that the expression levels of OsRAV2 were up-regulated under the two stress treatments. The overexpression of OsRAV2 enhanced drought resistance through the regulation of Pro, MDA and H2O2 levels, and the transcription levels of ABA signaling pathway genes. Additionally, the overexpression of OsRAV2 enhanced rice resistance to blast disease by increasing the accumulation of Pro and H2O2, along with the expression of disease resistance-related genes. OsRAV2 is localized in the nucleus and interacts with OsLHCB5. This study reveals the positive role of OsRAV2 in enhancing drought and blast resistance of rice, and nuclear localization and interaction with OsLHCB5 revealed that OsRAV2 responds to stress by integrating light signals, which provides a new target for breeding rice varieties with broad-spectrum stress resistance.
{"title":"Identification of RAV transcription factors (B3-domain-containing) and functional analysis of OsRAV2 in rice blast and drought stress","authors":"Yuquan Fu , Zhensheng Qiao , Yiming Zhao , Juchen Zhou , Xiangyu Huang , Changhuan Du , Feng sheng , Xuezhu Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RAV transcription factors play roles in a variety of diverse biological processes. However, their role in rice's response to drought and blast stress remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed a genome-wide characterization and identification of rice RAV transcription factor family genes. Our analysis of gene structure, chromosome location, cis-regulatory elements, and collinearity revealed the phylogenetic characteristics of this gene family. The RT-qPCR of the 15 genes showed that the expression levels of <em>OsRAV2</em> were up-regulated under the two stress treatments. The overexpression of <em>OsRAV2</em> enhanced drought resistance through the regulation of Pro, MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels, and the transcription levels of ABA signaling pathway genes. Additionally, the overexpression of <em>OsRAV2</em> enhanced rice resistance to blast disease by increasing the accumulation of Pro and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, along with the expression of disease resistance-related genes. OsRAV2 is localized in the nucleus and interacts with OsLHCB5. This study reveals the positive role of <em>OsRAV2</em> in enhancing drought and blast resistance of rice, and nuclear localization and interaction with OsLHCB5 revealed that <em>OsRAV2</em> responds to stress by integrating light signals, which provides a new target for breeding rice varieties with broad-spectrum stress resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 154605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154606
José Ortiz , Carolina Sanhueza , Antonia Romero-Munar , Sandra Sierra , Francisco Palma , Ricardo Aroca , Teodoro Coba de la Peña , Miguel López-Gómez , Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy , Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
Legumes form symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, well studied metabolically but less so in terms of respiration. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation demands high respiratory ATP and carbon skeletons, linking nitrogen assimilation and both NADH- and ATP-dependent process to mitochondrial respiration. The plant mitochondrial electron transport chain contains two terminal oxidases that differentially fractionate against 18O, providing estimations in vivo of the energy efficiency of respiration. The regulation of N2 fixation by plant respiratory parameters remains unknown. To investigate the regulatory interactions of these two metabolic processes, we tested the effect of different plant N status and sources on respiratory parameters and nutrition in Lotus japonicus. Plants were grown with two levels of KNO3 fertilization (5 mM and 25mM) and with the N2 fixing symbiotic bacteria Mesorhizobium loti, which induced the formation of root nodules (NP). Additionally, we characterized roots containing non-fixing nodules by growing plants that display spontaneous nodule formation (snf) (SNF). We evaluated the natural abundances of 13C and 15N, and 18O discrimination during respiration in leaves and roots using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. NADH and nutrient content were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. We observed that cytochrome c oxidase activity was higher in nodulated roots capable of nitrogen fixation than in plants fertilized with high availability of nitrate, and that nitrogen status strongly associates to respiratory parameters. These findings highlight the role of cytochrome c oxidase in meeting the carbon and energy demands of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
{"title":"Nitrogen Source and Availability Associate to Mitochondrial Respiratory Pathways and Symbiotic Function in Lotus japonicus","authors":"José Ortiz , Carolina Sanhueza , Antonia Romero-Munar , Sandra Sierra , Francisco Palma , Ricardo Aroca , Teodoro Coba de la Peña , Miguel López-Gómez , Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy , Néstor Fernández Del-Saz","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Legumes form symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, well studied metabolically but less so in terms of respiration. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation demands high respiratory ATP and carbon skeletons, linking nitrogen assimilation and both NADH- and ATP-dependent process to mitochondrial respiration. The plant mitochondrial electron transport chain contains two terminal oxidases that differentially fractionate against <sup>18</sup>O, providing estimations <em>in vivo</em> of the energy efficiency of respiration. The regulation of N<sub>2</sub> fixation by plant respiratory parameters remains unknown. To investigate the regulatory interactions of these two metabolic processes, we tested the effect of different plant N status and sources on respiratory parameters and nutrition in <em>Lotus japonicus</em>. Plants were grown with two levels of KNO<sub>3</sub> fertilization (5 mM and 25mM) and with the N<sub>2</sub> fixing symbiotic bacteria <em>Mesorhizobium loti</em>, which induced the formation of root nodules (NP). Additionally, we characterized roots containing non-fixing nodules by growing plants that display spontaneous nodule formation (<em>snf</em>) (SNF). We evaluated the natural abundances of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N, and <sup>18</sup>O discrimination during respiration in leaves and roots using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. NADH and nutrient content were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. We observed that cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase activity was higher in nodulated roots capable of nitrogen fixation than in plants fertilized with high availability of nitrate, and that nitrogen status strongly associates to respiratory parameters. These findings highlight the role of cytochrome c oxidase in meeting the carbon and energy demands of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 154606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154582
Maoxing Zhang , Mengru Xie , Ming Ding , Liang Xiao , Min Yu , Lars H. Wegner , Sergey Shabala , Ting Pan , Yiyong Zhu
Soil pH is critical for the bioavailability of nutrients and their consequent uptake by plant roots. This is specifically true for N and P, two key macronutrients that are essential for all aspects of plant growth and development. Importantly, availability of one nutrient can affect acquisition and translocation of another, although the mechanistic basis of this process remains unexplored. In this work, we combined a physiological (growth; ionomics), molecular (RNAseq and qPCR), biochemical (enzymatic assays) and genetic (using gain-of-function mutants) approaches to investigate the effect of interplay between P availability, two forms of N supply (NO3− vs NH4+) and rhizosphere pH (3.0 vs 6.5) on rice plants. In general, rice plants grown in the presence of NH4+ performed better than those treated with NO3− and better at pH 6.5 than at pH 3. P deprivation significantly reduced N accumulation in leaves but increased N in roots under both NH4+ and NO3− treatments. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8749 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and 6519 DEGs in roots under P deprivation at pH 6.5, related to membrane function, cellular response, metabolism, and cell signaling. Among the DEGs, the plasma membrane H+-ATPase genes were significantly induced by both P deprivation under NO3− and NH4+ treatments, indicating a possible role of H+-ATPase in plant adaptive responses to P nutrition. The latter was confirmed in direct experiments combining 33P radiotracers. Overexpression of OSA1 encoding a H+-ATPase improved nutrient uptake and rice growth. Overall, these results suggest that PM H+-ATPase plays a crucial role in the regulation of N and P uptake and provide a new approach to develop crop varieties that are more efficient at absorbing and utilizing nutrients and, hence, capable to achieve optimal yields.
{"title":"Revealing the role of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency in rice under various nitrogen sources and rhizosphere pH","authors":"Maoxing Zhang , Mengru Xie , Ming Ding , Liang Xiao , Min Yu , Lars H. Wegner , Sergey Shabala , Ting Pan , Yiyong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil pH is critical for the bioavailability of nutrients and their consequent uptake by plant roots. This is specifically true for N and P, two key macronutrients that are essential for all aspects of plant growth and development. Importantly, availability of one nutrient can affect acquisition and translocation of another, although the mechanistic basis of this process remains unexplored. In this work, we combined a physiological (growth; ionomics), molecular (RNAseq and qPCR), biochemical (enzymatic assays) and genetic (using gain-of-function mutants) approaches to investigate the effect of interplay between P availability, two forms of N supply (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> vs NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and rhizosphere pH (3.0 vs 6.5) on rice plants. In general, rice plants grown in the presence of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> performed better than those treated with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and better at pH 6.5 than at pH 3. P deprivation significantly reduced N accumulation in leaves but increased N in roots under both NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> treatments. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8749 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and 6519 DEGs in roots under P deprivation at pH 6.5, related to membrane function, cellular response, metabolism, and cell signaling. Among the DEGs, the plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase genes were significantly induced by both P deprivation under NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> treatments, indicating a possible role of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in plant adaptive responses to P nutrition. The latter was confirmed in direct experiments combining <sup>33</sup>P radiotracers. Overexpression of <em>OSA1</em> encoding a H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase improved nutrient uptake and rice growth. Overall, these results suggest that PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase plays a crucial role in the regulation of N and P uptake and provide a new approach to develop crop varieties that are more efficient at absorbing and utilizing nutrients and, hence, capable to achieve optimal yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 154582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The WRKY transcription factor CtWRKY70 from Cynanchum thesioides was functionally characterized to explore its role in abiotic stress responses. CtWRKY70, encoding a 340-amino acid protein from the WRKY Group III subfamily, localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Its expression is significantly induced by salt and drought stress. Overexpression of CtWRKY70 in Arabidopsis improved tolerance to both stresses, as evidenced by enhanced survival rates, maintained biomass, and preserved chlorophyll content. Transgenic lines exhibited elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD) and increased proline accumulation, with CtWRKY70 directly bound to the promoter of the AtSOD1 gene as confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, indicating enhanced ROS scavenging and osmoregulation. In contrast, CtWRKY70-silenced plants showed heightened stress sensitivity, characterized by greater wilting, increased stomatal aperture, and accelerated water loss. Y2H and BiFC assays confirmed the interaction of CtWRKY70 with another stress-responsive WRKY protein, CtWRKY41. These results demonstrate that CtWRKY70 positively regulates drought and salt tolerance by coordinating antioxidant defense and osmotic adjustment. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of WRKY-mediated stress adaptation in horticultural species, positioning CtWRKY70 as a potential genetic target for improving crop resilience.
{"title":"Functional characterization of CtWRKY70 transcription factor from Cynanchum thesioides in salt and drought stress resistance","authors":"Xiaoyao Chang , Xiaoyan Zhang , Xiumei Huang , Fenglan Zhang , Zhongren Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>WRKY</em> transcription factor <em>CtWRKY70</em> from <em>Cynanchum thesioides</em> was functionally characterized to explore its role in abiotic stress responses. <em>CtWRKY70</em>, encoding a 340-amino acid protein from the WRKY Group III subfamily, localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Its expression is significantly induced by salt and drought stress. Overexpression of <em>CtWRKY70</em> in <em>Arabidopsis</em> improved tolerance to both stresses, as evidenced by enhanced survival rates, maintained biomass, and preserved chlorophyll content. Transgenic lines exhibited elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD) and increased proline accumulation, with <em>CtWRKY70</em> directly bound to the promoter of the <em>AtSOD1</em> gene as confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, indicating enhanced ROS scavenging and osmoregulation. In contrast, CtWRKY70-silenced plants showed heightened stress sensitivity, characterized by greater wilting, increased stomatal aperture, and accelerated water loss. Y2H and BiFC assays confirmed the interaction of CtWRKY70 with another stress-responsive WRKY protein, CtWRKY41. These results demonstrate that <em>CtWRKY70</em> positively regulates drought and salt tolerance by coordinating antioxidant defense and osmotic adjustment. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of WRKY-mediated stress adaptation in horticultural species, positioning <em>CtWRKY70</em> as a potential genetic target for improving crop resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 154575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154565
Anna Collin, Agata Daszkowska-Golec
The time of flowering or heading is regulated by environmental cues, mostly by light and temperature. Abscisic acid (ABA), considered the main phytohormone that regulates plant response to abiotic stress, also plays an important role in flowering. ABA can both stimulate and inhibit flowering. In Arabidopsis, ABA accelerates flowering time during drought escape. On the other side, ABA can also repress flowering transition to ensure the time of flowering at the right moment for plant. In cereals, ABA also plays dual role in regulating heading time. Furthermore, some components of the ABA pathway can simultaneously act as positive and negative regulators of heading. ABA is also involved in another important aspect of the plant reproductive stage: seed/grain development. ABA plays positive role in the synthesis of storage proteins and lipids during seed-filling. In contrast, ABA negatively regulates seed size. In this review, we present recent knowledge regarding the complex role of ABA in the regulation of the reproductive stage in Arabidopsis and in the most important crop plants.
{"title":"Revising the role of ABA as regulator of flowering and seed development","authors":"Anna Collin, Agata Daszkowska-Golec","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The time of flowering or heading is regulated by environmental cues, mostly by light and temperature. Abscisic acid (ABA), considered the main phytohormone that regulates plant response to abiotic stress, also plays an important role in flowering. ABA can both stimulate and inhibit flowering. In Arabidopsis, ABA accelerates flowering time during drought escape. On the other side, ABA can also repress flowering transition to ensure the time of flowering at the right moment for plant. In cereals, ABA also plays dual role in regulating heading time. Furthermore, some components of the ABA pathway can simultaneously act as positive and negative regulators of heading. ABA is also involved in another important aspect of the plant reproductive stage: seed/grain development. ABA plays positive role in the synthesis of storage proteins and lipids during seed-filling. In contrast, ABA negatively regulates seed size. In this review, we present recent knowledge regarding the complex role of ABA in the regulation of the reproductive stage in Arabidopsis and in the most important crop plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 154565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154569
Jin-Xian Fu , Jiao Jiao , Qing-Yan Gai , Yu-Jie Fu , Mo-Nan Wen , Xiao-Qing Wang , Jing He
Plant-beneficial microbes can be effective as biological agents for promoting development and controlling diseases in plants. However, direct inoculation of non-encapsulated plant-beneficial microbes into the soils can affect their vitality and efficacy. A novel bio-based encapsulant, sporopollenin-chitosan microspheres (SCMs), was developed to load an endophytic fungus Talaromyces neorugulosus R-209 with antagonistic activities against the root rot pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani AG4) and plant growth-promoting functions. The results showed that T. neorugulosus R-209 encapsulated in SCMs (TnR-209−SCMs) could significantly enhance fungal spore germination rates and available nitrogen/phosphorus levels in the soil compared to the non-encapsulated fungus. In addition, the preliminary evidence suggests that TnR-209−SCMs have a basic safety profile for practical applications. Inoculation with TnR-209−SCMs could effectively promote development and enhance resistance in pigeon pea seedlings by promoting chlorophyll synthesis, improving photosynthesis, and enhancing phenolic compound accumulation. Meanwhile, T. neorugulosus R-209 was found to endogenously colonize root intercellular spaces. Moreover, co-inoculation of TnR-209−SCMs and R. solani AG4 could reduce host defense responses compared to R. solani AG4-infected roots, as reflected by lower levels of phenolic compound accumulation and pathogenesis-/biosynthesis-related gene expression. Overall, TnR-209−SCMs is a promising biological agent that can promote development and control root rot in plants, which also provides an innovative approach to biomaterial-supported agricultural practices.
{"title":"Sporopollenin-chitosan microspheres loaded with an endophytic fungus Talaromyces neorugulosus R-209 for promoting development and controlling root rot in pigeon pea","authors":"Jin-Xian Fu , Jiao Jiao , Qing-Yan Gai , Yu-Jie Fu , Mo-Nan Wen , Xiao-Qing Wang , Jing He","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-beneficial microbes can be effective as biological agents for promoting development and controlling diseases in plants. However, direct inoculation of non-encapsulated plant-beneficial microbes into the soils can affect their vitality and efficacy. A novel bio-based encapsulant, sporopollenin-chitosan microspheres (SCMs), was developed to load an endophytic fungus <em>Talaromyces neorugulosus</em> R-209 with antagonistic activities against the root rot pathogen (<em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> AG4) and plant growth-promoting functions. The results showed that <em>T. neorugulosus</em> R-209 encapsulated in SCMs (<em>Tn</em>R-209−SCMs) could significantly enhance fungal spore germination rates and available nitrogen/phosphorus levels in the soil compared to the non-encapsulated fungus. In addition, the preliminary evidence suggests that <em>Tn</em>R-209−SCMs have a basic safety profile for practical applications. Inoculation with <em>Tn</em>R-209−SCMs could effectively promote development and enhance resistance in pigeon pea seedlings by promoting chlorophyll synthesis, improving photosynthesis, and enhancing phenolic compound accumulation. Meanwhile, <em>T. neorugulosus</em> R-209 was found to endogenously colonize root intercellular spaces. Moreover, co-inoculation of <em>Tn</em>R-209−SCMs and <em>R. solani</em> AG4 could reduce host defense responses compared to <em>R. solani</em> AG4-infected roots, as reflected by lower levels of phenolic compound accumulation and pathogenesis-/biosynthesis-related gene expression. Overall, <em>Tn</em>R-209−SCMs is a promising biological agent that can promote development and control root rot in plants, which also provides an innovative approach to biomaterial-supported agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 154569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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