Journal of plant physiology最新文献_第10页

Detection and mapping of gm13, a QTL governing recessive resistance to rice gall midge 水稻瘿蚊隐性抗性QTL gm13的检测与定位

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154678

Fugang Huang , Chunlan Teng , Huayu Huang , Haiyan Cheng , Guihua Zhou , Ting Liu , Haojiang Zhu , Zhe Jiang , Shahzad Ahmad , Piqing Liu , Yongfu Qiu

The Asian rice gall midge (RGM, Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) is a major devastating insect pest of rice, causing continuous damage from seedling to tillering stage. Its larvae invade the basal meristematic tissues of rice shoots, secreting effectors that induce the formation of characteristic hollow, tube-like structures known as ‘silver-shoot’, which inhibits panicle development. Deploying resistant cultivars harboring RGM resistance genes remains the most effective, environment-friendly, and sustainable management strategy, yet the discovery of novel resistance loci remains critical. We found that rice variety NY74 employs a combination of antixenotic and antibiotic defenses against RGM, without a hypersensitive response during the first 16 days of infestation. Genetic segregation analysis revealed that resistance in NY74 is governed by a single recessive locus, designated as gm13. Initial mapping using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) localized gm13 to chromosome 8L. The identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) individually explained 41.7 % of the phenotypic variation, with likelihood of odd (LOD) score 14.3. Subsequently, high-resolution linkage analysis segregating progenies further refined the locus to an 82 kb interval between 18.33 Mb and 18.41 Mb. Functional annotation of the candidate region identified a resistance gene homolog, gene1, as the most promising candidate gene, characterized by a leucine-rich repeat domain. Both the gene location and recessive genetic mode distinguish gm13 from other RGM resistance locus. Our findings provide a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs and advance the molecular understanding of rice immunity against gall midge.

亚洲稻瘿蚊（Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason）是水稻的主要破坏性害虫，从苗期到分蘖期都对水稻造成持续危害。它的幼虫侵入水稻芽的基部分生组织，分泌效应物，诱导形成典型的空心管状结构，称为“银芽”，抑制穗发育。培育含有RGM抗性基因的抗性品种仍然是最有效、最环保、最可持续的管理策略，但发现新的抗性位点仍然至关重要。我们发现，水稻品种NY74采用抗异种和抗生素防御RGM的组合，在侵染的前16天没有过敏反应。遗传分离分析表明，NY74的抗性受单个隐性位点gm13控制。利用散装分离分析（BSA）将gm13定位到染色体8L上。所鉴定的数量性状位点（QTL）单独解释了41.7%的表型变异，奇数似然（LOD）得分为14.3。随后，高分辨率连锁分析分离后代进一步将位点细化到18.33 Mb和18.41 Mb之间的82 kb区间。候选区域的功能注释鉴定出抗性基因同源基因基因1是最有希望的候选基因，其特征是一个富含亮氨酸的重复结构域。基因定位和隐性遗传模式将gm13与其他RGM抗性位点区分开来。本研究结果为水稻的遗传育种提供了宝贵的遗传资源，并促进了水稻对瘿蚊免疫的分子认识。

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引用次数: 0

The JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase ZmJMJ703 orchestrates salt stress adaptation in maize 含有JmjC结构域的组蛋白去甲基酶ZmJMJ703调控玉米的盐胁迫适应

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154677

Shu Wang , Lijun Jiang , Tingting Zhai , Ke Qu , Xingyu Liu , Zhaomeng Di , Yingshan Chen , Xiaoduo Lu , Xiang Li , Jiedao Zhang , Shuxin Zhang , Wei Yang

The JmjC domain-containing protein family (JMJs) represents a family of key demethylases critical for epigenetic regulation and orchestrating plant growth and developmental processes. Despite their established roles, functional investigations into JMJ proteins under abiotic stress conditions remain limited in maize. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized ZmJMJ703, a JmjC domain-containing gene exhibiting salt stress-responsive expression patterns in maize. Physiological and phenotypic analysis revealed that ZmJMJ703 mutation significantly impairs salt stress tolerance in maize seedlings. Transcriptomic profiling uncovered differential expression patterns between zmjmj703 mutants and wild-type plants, with affected genes predominantly associated with intracellular protein trafficking, amino acid metabolism, and small molecule reprogramming. Parallel proteomic analysis through mass spectrometry further demonstrated that differential protein accumulation in mutants primarily enriched pathways related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These integrated omics analyses collectively suggest that ZmJMJ703 may modulate metabolic pathways critical for abiotic stress responses. Functional validation was reinforced by phenotypic evaluation of Arabidopsis lines heterologous overexpressing ZmJMJ703, which exhibited enhanced salt stress tolerance compared to control plants. Collectively, these findings significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of JMJ proteins' contributions to plant abiotic stress resilience, particularly in the context of salt stress adaptation.

JmjC结构域蛋白家族（JMJs）代表了一个对表观遗传调控和协调植物生长发育过程至关重要的关键去甲基化酶家族。尽管JMJ蛋白具有既定的作用，但对其在非生物胁迫条件下在玉米中的功能研究仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们鉴定并功能表征了ZmJMJ703，这是一个含JmjC结构域的基因，在玉米中表现出盐胁迫响应的表达模式。生理和表型分析表明，ZmJMJ703突变显著降低了玉米幼苗的耐盐性。转录组学分析揭示了zmjmj703突变体与野生型植物之间的差异表达模式，受影响的基因主要与细胞内蛋白质运输、氨基酸代谢和小分子重编程相关。通过质谱分析的平行蛋白质组学分析进一步表明，突变体中蛋白质的差异积累主要富集了与次生代谢物生物合成相关的途径。这些综合组学分析共同表明，ZmJMJ703可能调节对非生物应激反应至关重要的代谢途径。通过对异源过表达ZmJMJ703的拟南芥品系进行表型评价，证实其耐盐性强于对照植株。总的来说，这些发现显著地促进了我们对JMJ蛋白对植物非生物胁迫恢复能力的贡献的机制理解，特别是在盐胁迫适应的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Golden coloration of Ginkgo biloba can be driven by fine-tuning of pigment, flavonoid, and terpene metabolism 银杏的金色是由色素、类黄酮和萜烯代谢的微调驱动的。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154675

Yibin Lu , Guolin Wang , Dong Yang , Cuiping Zhang , Guo He , Xiao Zhou , Yu Liu , Weiqi Li , Chunxiang Fu , Mengzhu Lu , Gongke Zhou , Jie Meng

The ginkgo leaf, with its unique fan-shaped structure, golden color, and rich content of bioactive metabolites, serves as an important medium for both cultural appreciation and medicinal use. However, the high-resolution metabolic profile of pigments and bioactive compounds has yet to be systematically investigated during the leaf color change process. In this study, we investigated a yellow-leaf mutant (YL^m) and a naturally yellowing leaf type (YLⁿ), comparing them with green leaves (GL) in terms of cellular structure, metabolic profile of gene expression and metabolite contents, and hormone levels. First, only the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) involved in the photosystems were severely damaged in YL^m while the whole chloroplast severely damaged in YLⁿ. Second, extensive reduction in chlorophyll content was only caused by the differential expression of POR, CAO and CLH in YL^m without the degradation which also occurred in the YLⁿ. The overall gene expression patterns as well as the proportion of specific metabolites in the carotenoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways varied significantly between YL^m and YLⁿ, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms between the two types of YL. The contents of hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene levels, and gibberellin were significantly different between YL^m and YLⁿ. The expression levels of several transcription factors involved in chloroplast development and pigment biosynthesis such as GLK, FtsZ, ELIP, ORANGE, TCP14 were not changed significantly in YL^m. In conclusion, golden coloration of Ginkgo biloba is directly caused by the sharp decrease in chlorophyll, which can be driven by the precise regulation of certain genes and does not necessitate the initiation of senescence.

银杏叶以其独特的扇形结构、金黄色和丰富的生物活性代谢物，是一种重要的文化观赏和药用介质。然而，在叶片颜色变化过程中，色素和生物活性化合物的高分辨率代谢谱尚未得到系统的研究。在这项研究中，我们研究了一个黄叶突变体（YLm）和一个自然黄叶型（YLn），并在细胞结构、基因表达的代谢谱、代谢物含量和激素水平方面与绿叶（GL）进行了比较。首先，在YLn中，只有参与光系统的光收集复合物（lhc）受到严重破坏，而在YLn中，整个叶绿体都受到严重破坏。其次，叶绿素含量的大量降低仅仅是由YLm中POR、CAO和CLH的差异表达引起的，而YLn中也发生了降解。在类胡萝卜素和类黄酮代谢途径中，两种YL的整体基因表达模式和特定代谢物比例差异显著，表明两种YL的调控机制不同，吲哚-3-乙酸、茉莉酸、乙烯、赤霉素等激素含量在两种YL之间差异显著。GLK、FtsZ、ELIP、ORANGE、TCP14等参与叶绿体发育和色素生物合成的转录因子在YLm中的表达水平无显著变化。综上所述，银杏的金黄色是由叶绿素急剧下降直接引起的，可以通过某些基因的精确调控来驱动，而不一定是衰老的开始。

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引用次数: 0

Eggplant SmMYB6.2 positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating SmANS gene expression 茄子SmMYB6.2通过激活SmANS基因表达正向调节花青素生物合成

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154676

Jiangnan Hao, Ziyi Hua, Jinwei Zhang, Sufen Liu, Dalu Li, Shaohang Li, Yang Liu, Huoying Chen

Anthocyanins significantly influence both the visual quality and nutritional value of eggplants. Exogenous application of jasmonic acid enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant peel under low-light conditions and induced the expression of several MYB genes. In this paper, these MYB proteins were investigated by yeast one-hybrid experiments, and it was found that SmMYB6.2 could directly bind to the promoter sequence of the anthocyanin synthesis structural gene SmANS. SmMYB6.2 was a nuclear-localized protein whose expression could be induced by various stimuli, including UV-B radiation, blue light, ABA treatment, PEG stress, and low-temperature exposure at 4 °C. Next, overexpression of SmMYB6.2 in Arabidopsis promoted anthocyanin accumulation and enhanced the gene expression of AtANS. Further, Dual-LUC assays demonstrated that SmMYB6.2 enhanced its transcriptional activation of the SmANS promoter through protein-protein interactions with the bHLH proteins SmTT8, SmbHLH79, and SmGLABRA3. These findings deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant peel and provide candidate genes for breeding anthocyanin-enriched eggplant varieties.

花青素对茄子的视觉品质和营养价值均有显著影响。外源施用茉莉酸促进了弱光条件下茄子皮花青素的合成，诱导了多个MYB基因的表达。本文通过酵母单杂交实验对这些MYB蛋白进行了研究，发现SmMYB6.2可以直接结合花青素合成结构基因SmANS的启动子序列。SmMYB6.2是一种核定位蛋白，可以在各种刺激下诱导表达，包括UV-B辐射、蓝光、ABA处理、PEG胁迫和4°C低温暴露。接下来，SmMYB6.2在拟南芥中的过表达促进了花青素的积累，增强了AtANS基因的表达。此外，Dual-LUC分析表明，SmMYB6.2通过与bHLH蛋白SmTT8、SmbHLH79和SmGLABRA3的蛋白相互作用增强了其对SmANS启动子的转录激活。这些发现加深了我们对茄子皮花青素生物合成调控机制的理解，并为培育富含花青素的茄子品种提供了候选基因。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal trajectory of senescence in mesocarp cell clusters of Hylocereus undatus based on single-cell and spatial transcriptomics 基于单细胞和空间转录组学的黄颡鱼中果皮细胞群衰老的时空轨迹

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154672

Yajing Tian , Xiang Ji , Mingyue Lv , Lili Lu , Tengfei Yu , Jingya Wang , Jingyu Xu , Guanzhi Wang , Fuqiang Li , Yiyang Song , Yang Li , Xinyue Pang , Xin Li

Fruit senescence is a complex physiological process. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed the differentiation trajectories of 13 cell clusters during the senescence of Hylocereus undatus (H. undatus). The mesocarp of the fruit contained four cell clusters, but their precise localization and functional division remained unclear. This work documented mesocarp phenotypic alterations and elucidated the time courses of mesocarp flavonoid biosynthesis and superoxide anion generation. Additionally, overall ROS changes were observed using fluorescence microscopy. By combining the single-cell atlas with spatial transcriptomics data at resolutions of 0.2 and 0.8, and applying four computational algorithms (SingleR, SciBet, CARD, and RCTD), we accurately mapped the spatial distribution of the four cell populations in the two layers of the mesocarp from outer to inner regions. Furthermore, we identified highly correlated cells with cell-specific functions, which allowed us to perform a detailed analysis of the differentiation trajectories of these four cell clusters. We proposed a hypothesis that these four clusters in the mesocarp participate in the senescence process. Finally, using SCODE, we uncovered the gene regulatory networks of the pericarp's highly correlated cell clusters during fruit senescence. Through single-cell technology, the functional division of the four cell clusters in the mesocarp—responsible for stress responses, signal transduction, material preparation, and cell differentiation trajectories—has been revealed. These findings provide insights from a single-cell dimension and a spatiotemporal perspective, enhancing the understanding of the dynamic process of plant senescence.

果实衰老是一个复杂的生理过程。单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）分析揭示了13个细胞簇在水仙花（H. undatus）衰老过程中的分化轨迹。果实的中果皮包含四个细胞簇，但它们的精确定位和功能分裂尚不清楚。本文记录了中果皮的表型变化，阐明了中果皮类黄酮生物合成和超氧阴离子生成的时间过程。此外，利用荧光显微镜观察总体ROS变化。通过将单细胞图谱与分辨率为0.2和0.8的空间转录组学数据相结合，并应用4种计算算法（SingleR、SciBet、CARD和RCTD），我们精确地绘制了中果皮两层中4种细胞群体从外到内的空间分布。此外，我们确定了与细胞特异性功能高度相关的细胞，这使我们能够对这四个细胞簇的分化轨迹进行详细分析。我们提出一个假设，这四个簇在中果皮参与衰老过程。最后，我们利用SCODE揭示了果皮高度相关的细胞团在果实衰老过程中的基因调控网络。通过单细胞技术，研究人员揭示了中果皮中负责应激反应、信号转导、物质制备和细胞分化轨迹的四种细胞簇的功能分裂。这些发现提供了从单细胞维度和时空角度的见解，增强了对植物衰老动态过程的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Overexpression of TaMAPK20-2 in Brachypodium reveals freezing and drought tolerance via modulation of sugar synthesis pathway TaMAPK20-2在短柄草中的过表达通过调节糖合成途径揭示其抗旱性和抗冻性。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154674

Woo Joo Jung , Keun-ha Kim , Jin Seok Yoon , Yong Weon Seo

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play critical roles in plant responses to abiotic stress, yet their functional characterization in wheat remains limited. In this study, we investigated the function of a cold-responsive wheat MAPK gene, TaMAPK20-2, and its associated cascade components. Expression analysis revealed that TaMAPK20-2, TaMKK5, and TaMPKKK1 were significantly upregulated under cold stress. Subcellular localization and BiFC assays confirmed physical interactions among MPKKK1–MKK5–MAPK20-2 and MPKKK5–MKK6–MAPK20-2 modules, suggesting distinct signaling pathways. To assess its physiological role, we generated transgenic Brachypodium distachyon lines overexpressing TaMAPK20-2. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, overexpression lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to both freezing and drought stress, as evidenced by higher survival rates, lower water loss, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Notably, OE plants showed increased soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, and glucose contents under non-stress conditions, but not fructose. These changes were supported by elevated expression of key carbohydrate metabolism genes (Susy, GolS3, SPS, Invertase) in the absence of stress. Additionally, OE lines showed pre-activation of the ICE–CBF–COR cold tolerance pathway, suggesting a priming effect. These findings demonstrate that TaMAPK20-2 positively regulates abiotic stress tolerance by modulating both signaling and metabolic pathways. This study provides new insights into MAPK-mediated stress responses and highlights TaMAPK20-2 as a promising target for improving wheat resilience to environmental stress.

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联在植物对非生物胁迫的响应中起着关键作用，但其在小麦中的功能研究仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们研究了小麦冷响应MAPK基因TaMAPK20-2及其相关级联成分的功能。表达分析显示TaMAPK20-2、TaMKK5和TaMPKKK1在冷胁迫下显著上调。亚细胞定位和BiFC实验证实了MPKKK1-MKK5-MAPK20-2和MPKKK5-MKK6-MAPK20-2模块之间的物理相互作用，提示不同的信号通路。为了评估其生理作用，我们构建了过表达TaMAPK20-2的转基因短柄菊二代。与野生型（WT）植物相比，过表达系表现出更高的存活率、更低的水分流失和更少的丙二醛（MDA）积累，从而增强了对冰冻和干旱胁迫的耐受性。值得注意的是，OE植株在非胁迫条件下可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖和葡萄糖含量增加，但果糖含量没有增加。在没有胁迫的情况下，关键碳水化合物代谢基因（Susy, GolS3， SPS, Invertase）的表达升高支持了这些变化。此外，OE系显示ICE-CBF-COR耐冷途径的预激活，这表明了启动效应。这些发现表明TaMAPK20-2通过调节信号通路和代谢途径正向调节非生物胁迫耐受性。该研究为mapk介导的胁迫反应提供了新的见解，并强调TaMAPK20-2是提高小麦环境胁迫抗性的有希望的靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Dose-dependent mutagenic effects of carbon-ion beams in foxtail millet: from phenotypic screening to physiological and molecular mechanisms 碳离子束对谷子的剂量依赖性诱变效应：从表型筛选到生理和分子机制

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154673

Ruiyuan Liu , Yan Zhan , Aiming Cui , Ying Qu , Wenjie Jin , Yan Du , Lixia Yu , Libin Zhou

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv) is an important crop for both basic research and sustainable dryland agriculture, due to its rapid growth, high seed yield, strong stress tolerance, and rich nutritional qualities. Multiple mutagenesis approaches have been used to broaden foxtail millet germplasm resources, among which heavy ion beam (HIB) irradiation has emerged as a powerful tool for inducing genetic variations in plant breeding. However, compared with other model species, genetic resources in foxtail millet remain limited, and the specific effects of HIB radiation on this crop are not yet fully understood. In this study, seeds of foxtail millet (Yugu 24) were irradiated using six different carbon-ion beams (CIB, 100 Gy–500 Gy), a commonly used HIB mutagen. Then, the mutagenic effects were evaluated in the M₁ generation, conducted large-scale phenotype screening in the M₂ generation, and analyzed the anatomical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of stable leaf mutants. M₁ plants exhibited dose-dependent responses, with the optimum CIB dose for Yugu 24 ranging from 110 Gy to 140 Gy. From 3100 M2 plants, we identified 56 individuals exhibiting obvious phenotypic variations, resulting in an overall mutation frequency of 1.81 % under CIB irradiation. High frequencies of leaf morphological mutations was observed in the M₂ population. Stable leaf mutants were identified and further characterized in the M₄ generation, which displayed distinct phenotypic variations, including changes in chloroplast structure, stomatal characteristics, and photosynthetic pigment content. Collectively, these findings establish a theoretical foundation for applying CIB irradiation in foxtail millet mutation breeding. Furthermore, the CIB-induced mutant library of Yugu 24provides a valuable resource for future functional genomics research on foxtail millet.

谷子（Setaria italica (L.)）由于其生长速度快、种子产量高、抗逆性强、营养品质丰富，是基础研究和可持续旱地农业的重要作物。多种诱变手段已被广泛应用于谷子种质资源的拓展，其中重离子辐照（HIB）已成为植物育种中诱导遗传变异的有力手段。然而，与其他模式物种相比，谷子的遗传资源仍然有限，HIB辐射对谷子的具体影响尚不完全清楚。本研究采用6种不同的碳离子束（CIB, 100 Gy - 500 Gy）辐照育谷24号谷子（foxtail millet, Yugu 24）种子。然后，对M1代进行诱变效应评价，对M2代进行大规模表型筛选，分析叶片稳定突变体的解剖、生理和分子机制。M1植株表现出剂量依赖性，玉谷24的最佳CIB剂量在110 ~ 140 Gy之间。从3100个M2植株中，我们发现56个个体表现出明显的表型变异，导致CIB辐照下的总体突变频率为1.81%。M2群体叶片形态突变频率较高。在M4代中鉴定出稳定的叶片突变体，并对其进行了进一步的表征，这些突变体表现出明显的表型变异，包括叶绿体结构、气孔特征和光合色素含量的变化。本研究结果为CIB辐照在谷子诱变育种中的应用奠定了理论基础。此外，玉谷24号的cib诱导突变体文库为谷子功能基因组学研究提供了宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

Overexpression of the halophyte Suaeda salsa Rubisco activase gene SsRCA in Arabidopsis improves plant photosynthesis under salt-stressed conditions 盐生植物拟南芥Rubisco激活酶基因SsRCA的过表达改善了盐胁迫条件下植物的光合作用。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154670

Meixiang Yang , Xinlei Wang , Xiaoqian Zhang , Xin Wei , Jianrong Guo

Rubisco activase (RCA) is the key regulatory enzyme in photosynthetic carbon assimilation that governs the activation state of Rubisco, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in CO₂ fixation. While salinity generally inhibits photosynthesis and yield in glycophytic crops, it paradoxically enhances photosynthetic efficiency in halophytes, such as Suaeda salsa. However, the potential mechanism still remains unknown. We cloned and characterized the SsRCA gene from S. salsa, and generated SsRCA-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines. We then examined the salt tolerance and photosynthetic traits of the transgenic plants. Results showed that RCA activity in the transgenic lines was 64 % higher, and that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was 41 % higher, as was the Fv/Fm, in SsRCA-overexpressing Arabidopsis under a 100 mM NaCl stress condition than in the wide type (WT). Meanwhile, under NaCl stress, the transgenic plants displayed increased growth and seed yield, lower Na⁺ and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced K⁺ and proline accumulation, and reduced oxidative damage compared to WT. These results suggested that SsRCA overexpression enhanced plant salt tolerance by optimizing Rubisco activation efficiency. Our findings will provide a novel halophyte-derived genetic resource for engineering crops with improved photosynthetic resilience in saline environments.

Rubisco激活酶（Rubisco activase， RCA）是光合碳同化的关键调控酶，控制着二氧化碳固定的限速酶Rubisco的激活状态。虽然盐度通常会抑制糖生植物的光合作用和产量，但它却矛盾地提高了盐生植物的光合效率，如沙特阿拉伯。然而，潜在的机制仍然未知。从salsa中克隆并鉴定了SsRCA基因，获得了过表达SsRCA的拟南芥品系。然后我们检测了转基因植株的耐盐性和光合特性。结果表明，在100 mM NaCl胁迫条件下，过表达ssrca的转基因拟南芥植株的RCA活性比普通品种高64%，净光合速率（Pn）和Fv/Fm比高41%。同时，在NaCl胁迫下，与WT相比，转基因植株的生长和种子产量增加，Na+和丙二醛（MDA）含量降低，K+和脯氨酸积累增加，氧化损伤减少。这些结果表明，SsRCA过表达通过优化Rubisco激活效率提高了植株的耐盐性。我们的研究结果将为盐生植物衍生的工程作物提供一种新的遗传资源，使其在盐环境中具有更好的光合恢复能力。

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引用次数: 0

Triumphing over hidden hunger: Redesigning rice (Oryza sativa L.) for enhanced nutraceutical grain composition utilizing multiplexed genome editing 战胜隐藏的饥饿：利用多重基因组编辑重新设计水稻（Oryza sativa L.）以增强营养营养的谷物成分

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154667

Khaled Fathy , Jyotsna Bharti , Sonia Khan Sony , Mamta Nehra , Rashmi Kaul , Bhupendra Rawat , Sudhir K. Sopory , Pawan Kumar Agrawal , Arul Prakash , Tanushri Kaul

Rice, a staple food crop, is consumed by most of the world's population. Micronutrient malnutrition is a severe health issue, leading to diseases such as cancer, anemia, diabetes, heart disease, and disorders in physical and psychological development. We aimed to create rice with low cadmium in the grain but having high cadmium in shoots, safe biofortified protein, high iron, and zinc using CRISPR/Cas9 and breeding technologies instead of adding drugs. The triple gene Knockout rice lines for two iron sensors and one negative regulator gene for cadmium were created to offer high Fe/Zn and low Cd content for breeders. Multiplexed gene editing mediated biolistic transformation of rice callus, and genotyping was used to check the genetic stability of the edited rice lines. Rice lines were found to have enhanced iron, zinc, and protein content, with concentrations varying based on growth conditions. These lines can be used as phytoremediators for cadmium by storing Cd on plant shoots. The rice-edited plants possessed excellent agro-morphological traits, photosynthetic, and physiological performance. The developed edited indica rice lines have crucial agronomic traits with more nutritional value. Compared to the other lines and the wild wildtype, the genome-edited free Cas9 line 2 showed better traits: 13.48 μg/g (iron), 22.9 μg/g (zinc), and a high protein content, which depends on how bioavailable metals and nutrients are in the soil. The line also had 20.60 g of seeds per 1000 g of plant, a total plant yield of 102.76 g, and 101 days of 50 % flowering. This work offers efficient and precise multiple gene-editing in rice with an effective, sustainable strategy for multi-trait enhancement. The developed lines could be used in breeding programs for sustainable solutions for malnutrition worldwide. The experimental results can provide reference and support for the safe use of edited crops as a diet.

大米是一种主要的粮食作物，世界上大多数人口都食用大米。微量营养素营养不良是一个严重的健康问题，会导致癌症、贫血、糖尿病、心脏病以及身心发育障碍等疾病。我们的目标是利用CRISPR/Cas9和育种技术，而不是添加药物，培育出籽粒中镉含量低但茎部镉含量高、安全的生物强化蛋白、高铁和高锌的水稻。通过构建两个铁敏感基因和一个镉负调控基因的三基因敲除水稻品系，为育种者提供高铁/锌和低镉含量。利用多重基因编辑介导水稻愈伤组织的生物学转化，并利用基因分型检测编辑水稻品系的遗传稳定性。研究发现，水稻品系的铁、锌和蛋白质含量有所提高，其含量随生长条件的不同而变化。这些品系可以通过在植物枝条上储存镉作为植物镉修复剂。经水稻编辑的植株具有优良的农业形态、光合和生理性能。所开发的编辑籼稻品系具有重要的农艺性状和更高的营养价值。与其他系和野生型相比，基因组编辑的游离Cas9系2表现出更好的性状：13.48 μg（铁），22.9 μg/g（锌），蛋白质含量高，这取决于土壤中金属和养分的生物可利用性。该品系每1000克植株有20.60克种子，植株总产量为102.76克，101天开花率为50%。这项工作提供了高效和精确的水稻多基因编辑，并为多性状增强提供了有效、可持续的策略。这些成熟的品种可以用于育种计划，以可持续地解决全球营养不良问题。实验结果可为转基因作物的安全食用提供参考和支持。

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引用次数: 0

The far-red light absorption and “Redundant chlorophyll” in plants: A waste of resource or an important booster of photosynthesis? 植物对远红光的吸收与“多余叶绿素”：资源浪费还是光合作用的重要助推器？

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154669

Alexei Solovchenko , Anatoly Gitelson

Mature non-stressed plants often contain a lot more chlorophyll than they need to efficiently capture light energy in the PAR range. In this situation, some pigment molecules apparently become physiologically redundant because they remain shaded and cannot participate efficiently in light harvesting. As a result of the build-up of chlorophyll, strong absorption of these pigments extends well beyond 700 nm, the conventional border of PAR, into far red (FR) region of the spectrum (to 750 nm and beyond) contributing significantly to the budget of the absorbed light energy. It is also well known that FR light, when supplemented to conventional PAR spectrum, harmonizes energy flow in the photosynthetic apparatus, reduces risk of photodamage boosting plant productivity. We argue that a possible functional role of the “redundant chlorophyll” accumulated in plants is ensuring the capture of FR photons. The latter is among important acclimations to fluctuating light fluxes as well as to permanently low-light environments ensuring efficient operation of complex plant canopies. We discuss the opportunity to harness the “FR boost” of productivity by leveraging inherent optical properties of green plants without sophisticated approaches such as engineering of long-wave chlorophylls into the plant photosynthetic apparatus.

成熟的非胁迫植物通常含有比它们在PAR范围内有效捕获光能所需的更多的叶绿素。在这种情况下，一些色素分子显然在生理上变得多余，因为它们保持阴影状态，不能有效地参与光收集。由于叶绿素的积累，这些色素的强吸收远远超出了PAR的传统边界700nm，进入光谱的远红（FR）区域（至750nm及以上），大大增加了吸收光能的预算。众所周知，当FR光补充到常规PAR光谱时，可以协调光合装置中的能量流动，降低光损伤的风险，提高植物的生产力。我们认为，在植物中积累的“多余叶绿素”的一个可能的功能作用是确保FR光子的捕获。后者是适应波动光通量和永久低光环境的重要适应之一，确保复杂植物冠层的有效运行。我们讨论了利用绿色植物固有的光学特性来利用“FR促进”生产力的机会，而无需复杂的方法，如将长波叶绿素工程引入植物光合装置。

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引用次数: 0