Journal of plant physiology最新文献_第4页

Overexpression of the constitutively-active AtCPK1 mutant in tobacco plants confers cold and heat tolerance, possibly through modulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid signalling 烟草植物中组成活性AtCPK1突变体的过表达可能通过调节脱落酸和水杨酸信号传导而具有耐寒性和耐热性。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154413

G.N. Veremeichik, O.A. Tikhonova, V.P. Grigorchuk, S.A. Silantieva, E.V. Brodovskaya, D.V. Bulgakov, V.P. Bulgakov

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are very effective calcium signal decoders due to their unique structure, which mediates substrate-specific [Ca²⁺]_cyt signalling through phosphorylation. However, Ca²⁺-dependence makes it challenging to study CDPKs. This work focused on the effects of the overexpression of native and modified forms of the AtCPK1 gene on the tolerance of tobacco plants to heat and cold. We studied the interaction between the calcium and signalling systems of abscisic acid (ABA) at various temperatures. The hormonal state, stress-induced senescence, and expression of important corresponding genes were investigated. We showed that inactivation of the autoinhibitory domain of the modified constitutively active form of AtCPK1 has a positive effect on resistance not only to long-term cold but also to heat. We showed that the constitutively active form of AtCPK1 under nonstressed conditions activated biosynthesis of ABA, but a decrease in ABA content was detected upon heat exposure. On the basis of our results, we can assume that this effect is achieved through the CPK-dependent activation of salicylic acid (SA) signalling. The obtained data shed light on heat-associated molecular processes and support the possibility of using intradomain modifications of CDPK both for comprehensive study of its functional features and as a bioengineering tool.

钙依赖性蛋白激酶（CDPKs）由于其独特的结构是非常有效的钙信号解码器，它通过磷酸化介导底物特异性[Ca2+]细胞信号传导。然而，Ca2+依赖性使得CDPKs的研究具有挑战性。本研究的重点是AtCPK1基因的天然形式和修饰形式的过表达对烟草植物耐热性和耐寒性的影响。我们研究了不同温度下钙与脱落酸（ABA）信号系统的相互作用。研究了激素状态、应激性衰老及相关重要基因的表达。我们发现，AtCPK1修饰的本构活性形式的自抑制结构域失活不仅对长期低温抗性有积极作用，而且对高温抗性也有积极作用。我们发现，在非胁迫条件下，AtCPK1的组成活性形式激活了ABA的生物合成，但在热暴露下检测到ABA含量下降。根据我们的结果，我们可以假设这种效果是通过cpk依赖性水杨酸（SA）信号的激活来实现的。获得的数据揭示了热相关的分子过程，并支持使用CDPK的域内修饰来全面研究其功能特征和作为生物工程工具的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrological transport and endosperm weakening mechanisms during dormancy release in Tilia henryana seeds 白椴种子休眠释放过程中的水文运输和胚乳弱化机制。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154405

Chen Yin Peng , Yu Wu , Qi Long Hua , Yong Bao Shen

Seed germination is a pivotal stage in the plant life cycle, with endosperm weakening and radicle elongation serving as crucial prerequisites for successful endospermic seed germination. Tilia henryana seeds exhibit deep dormancy, necessitating a period of 2–3 years to germinate in a natural environment, and the germination rate is extremely low. This study employed morphological and physiological approaches to dynamically analyzing the hydrological mechanism and the endosperm weakening process during the dormancy release of T. henryana seeds. It was found that there was no physiological post-ripening effect of embryos, but there were mechanical and physiological obstacles in endosperm. During the dormancy release process of T. henryana seeds, initial endosperm weakening occurred at the radicle-endosperm interface. In this process, the GA/ABA level is imbalanced along with a continuous decrease in IAA and SA levels. Substantial depletion of storage materials within cells resulted in degradation of endosperm cell contents, forming numerous cavities through which significant amounts of free water entered. As moisture content increased, endosperm hardness gradually decreased to approximately 5 N/0.09 cm². Furthermore, the area and content of lignin and cellulose were reduced by 58.91% and 84.49%, respectively, while the hemicellulose and pectin contents were decreased by 72.11% and 83.50%, in that order. Following treatment, the activity of pectin lyase, propectinase, galacturonase, and cellulase was observed to be 5.81, 8.72, 5.96, and 9.43 times higher, respectively, in comparison to their respective activities before treatment. The physiological changes facilitated the rapid rupture of the endosperm cell wall, leading to a transition in cell morphology from palisade-like to irregular and interlocking, thereby further expediting the weakening and cleavage of the endosperm. Additionally, T. henryana seeds exhibited high carbohydrate composition content throughout their dormancy release process, this extensive utilization of storage substances provided energy for radicle elongation and expansion.

种子萌发是植物生命周期的关键阶段，胚乳弱化和胚根伸长是胚乳种子成功萌发的重要前提。百合种子休眠较深，在自然环境中萌发需要2-3年，发芽率极低。本研究采用形态学和生理学的方法，动态分析了白毛菊种子休眠释放过程中的水文机制和胚乳弱化过程。发现胚胎不存在生理上的后成熟效应，但胚乳存在机械和生理上的障碍。在羊绒种子休眠释放过程中，胚乳的初始弱化发生在胚根-胚乳界面。在此过程中，GA/ABA水平不平衡，IAA和SA水平持续下降。细胞内储存物质的大量消耗导致胚乳细胞内容物的降解，形成大量的空腔，大量的自由水通过这些空腔进入。随着含水量的增加，胚乳硬度逐渐降低，约为5 N/0.09 cm2。木质素和纤维素的面积和含量分别减少了58.91%和84.49%，半纤维素和果胶含量分别减少了72.11%和83.50%。处理后，果胶裂解酶、前果胶酶、半乳糖醛酸酶和纤维素酶活性分别比处理前提高了5.81倍、8.72倍、5.96倍和9.43倍。这些生理变化促进了胚乳细胞壁的快速破裂，导致细胞形态从栅栏状向不规则和连锁转变，从而进一步加速了胚乳的弱化和分裂。此外，在整个休眠释放过程中，青松种子的碳水化合物含量较高，这种对贮藏物质的广泛利用为胚根的伸长和扩张提供了能量。

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引用次数: 0

Stratification of apple seeds in the context of ROS metabolism 活性氧代谢对苹果种子分层的影响。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154407

Katarzyna Ciacka, Marcin Tyminski, Agnieszka Gniazdowska, Urszula Krasuska

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds exhibit deep embryonic dormancy. Uniform germination of isolated apple embryos is observed after 40-day-long cold stratification of the seeds. Stratification treatment modifies the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are regarded as key regulators of seed dormancy. In this study, axes of embryos isolated from seeds stratified for 7, 14, 21, and 40 days differing in dormancy depth were used. After one week of stratification, the increased polyamine oxidase activity enables ROS generation, which is followed by an upregulation of the NADPH oxidase gene expression. Catalase activity increased after 14 days of stratification, suggesting the requirement to maintain ROS concentrations at an optimal level already in the early phase of dormancy removal. When cold stratification was prolonged, accompanied by a significant increase in ROS level, ROS scavenging by catalase was supported by elevated phenolic compounds content. Then, peroxidase activity was also the highest. As ROS-induced phenylalanine (Phe) oxidation leads to the formation of meta-tyrosine (m-Tyr) - a potentially toxic component, the levels of these amino acids were examined. The fluctuation in m-Tyr content indicates the existence of mechanisms in the tissue for the disposal of this compound. Finally, its presence may be mitigated by an increase in Phe levels. Maintaining oxidised RNA at elevated levels from the 14th day of stratification may be crucial for seed dormancy removal, ensuring translation regulation as metabolism resumes. We concluded that dormancy removal of apple seeds by stratification requires a time-dependent sequence of biochemical events reflecting ROS metabolism alterations.

苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）种子具有较深的胚胎休眠。低温分层40天后，离体苹果胚萌发均匀。分层处理可以改变活性氧（ROS）的水平，而活性氧被认为是种子休眠的关键调节因子。本研究采用不同休眠深度的7、14、21和40天种子分离胚轴。分层一周后，多胺氧化酶活性增加，ROS生成，随后NADPH氧化酶基因表达上调。分层14天后过氧化氢酶活性增加，表明在去除休眠的早期阶段就需要将ROS浓度维持在最佳水平。当低温分层时间延长，ROS水平显著升高时，过氧化氢酶对ROS的清除作用得到酚类化合物含量升高的支持。然后，过氧化物酶活性也最高。由于ros诱导的苯丙氨酸（Phe）氧化导致形成间酪氨酸（m-Tyr），这是一种潜在的有毒成分，因此检测了这些氨基酸的水平。m-Tyr含量的波动表明组织中存在处理该化合物的机制。最后，它的存在可能会被Phe水平的增加所缓解。从分层第14天开始，将氧化RNA维持在较高水平可能对种子休眠消除至关重要，确保新陈代谢恢复时的翻译调节。我们的结论是，通过分层去除苹果种子休眠需要一个反映ROS代谢变化的时间依赖性生化事件序列。

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引用次数: 0

Humboldt review: The role of Ancestral MicroRNAs in grass inflorescence development 祖先microrna在草花序发育中的作用。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154417

Reyhaneh Ebrahimi Khaksefidi , Weiwei Chen , Chaoqun Shen , Peter Langridge , Matthew R. Tucker , Dabing Zhang

Plant inflorescences are complex, highly diverse structures whose morphology is determined in meristems that form during reproductive development. Inflorescence structure influences flower formation, and consequently grain number, and yield in crops. Correct inflorescence and flower development require tight control of gene expression via complex interplay between regulatory networks. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as fundamental modulators of gene expression at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional level in plant inflorescence development. First discovered more than three decades ago, miRNAs have proved to be revolutionary in advancing our mechanistic understanding of gene expression. This review highlights current knowledge of downstream target genes and pathways of some highly conserved miRNAs that regulate the maintenance, identity, and activity of inflorescence and floral meristems in economically and agriculturally important grass species, including rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Furthermore, we summarize emerging regulatory networks of miRNAs and their targets to suggest new avenues and strategies for application of miRNAs as a tool to enhance crop yield and performance.

植物花序结构复杂，种类繁多，其形态由生殖发育过程中形成的分生组织决定。花序结构影响花的形成，进而影响谷物的数量和农作物的产量。花序和花的正确发育需要通过调控网络之间复杂的相互作用来严格控制基因表达。微小核糖核酸（miRNA）已成为植物花序发育过程中转录和/或转录后水平基因表达的基本调节因子。三十多年前，miRNAs 首次被发现，事实证明，它在推进我们对基因表达机理的理解方面具有革命性的意义。本综述重点介绍了目前对一些高度保守的 miRNA 的下游靶基因和途径的了解，这些 miRNA 调控着水稻（Oryza sativa）、玉米（Zea mays）、大麦（Hordeum vulgare）和小麦（Triticum aestivum）等具有重要经济和农业价值的禾本科植物的花序和花分生组织的维持、特性和活性。此外，我们还总结了新出现的 miRNA 及其靶标调控网络，为应用 miRNA 作为提高作物产量和性能的工具提出了新的途径和策略。

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引用次数: 0

Salicylic acid cooperates with different small molecules to control biotic and abiotic stress responses 水杨酸与不同的小分子协同作用，控制生物和非生物的应激反应。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154406

Kexing Xin , Yining Wu , Aziz Ul Ikram , Yanping Jing, Shan Liu, Yawen Zhang, Jian Chen

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and response to unfavorable conditions. Over the past three decades, researches on SA have deeply elucidated the mechanism of its function in plants tolerance to infection by biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Recent studies have found that SA also plays an important role in regulating plants response to abiotic stress. It is emerging as a strong tool for alleviating adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants. During SA-mediated stress responses, many small molecules participate in the SA modification or signaling, which play important regulatory roles. The cooperations of small molecules in SA pathway remain least discussed, especially in terms of SA-induced abiotic stress tolerance. This review provides an overview of the recent studies about SA and its relationship with different small molecules and highlights the critical functions of small molecules in SA-mediated plant stress responses.

水杨酸（Salicylic acid， SA）是一种植物激素，在植物生长发育和对不利条件的反应中起着关键作用。近三十年来，对SA的研究深入阐明了其在植物抗生物营养和半生物营养病原菌侵染中的作用机制。近年来的研究发现，SA在调节植物对非生物胁迫的反应中也起着重要作用。它正在成为减轻作物植物中生物和非生物胁迫的不利影响的有力工具。在SA介导的应激反应中，许多小分子参与了SA的修饰或信号传导，发挥着重要的调控作用。关于SA途径中小分子的协同作用，特别是SA诱导的非生物胁迫耐受性方面的讨论仍然很少。本文综述了近年来关于SA及其与不同小分子之间关系的研究进展，并着重介绍了小分子在SA介导的植物胁迫应答中的重要作用。

引用次数: 0

Adenylate-driven equilibration of both ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides is under magnesium control: Quantification of the Mg2+-signal 腺苷驱动的平衡的核糖和脱氧核糖核苷酸是镁控制：定量的Mg2+信号。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154380

Leszek A. Kleczkowski , Abir U. Igamberdiev

Nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates (NMP, NDP, and NTP) and their deoxy-counterparts (dNMP, dNDP, dNTP) are involved in energy metabolism and are the building blocks of RNA and DNA, respectively. The production of NTP and dNTP is carried out by several NMP kinases (NMPK) and NDP kinases (NDPK). All NMPKs are fully reversible and use defined Mg-free and Mg-complexed nucleotides in both directions of their reactions, with Mg²⁺ controlling the ratios of Mg-free and Mg-complexed reactants. Their activities are driven by adenylates produced by adenylate kinase which controls the direction of NMPK and NDPK reactions, depending on the energy status of a cell. This enzymatic machinery is localized in the cytosol, mitochondria, and plastids, i.e. compartments with high energy budgets and where (except for cytosol) RNA and DNA synthesis occur. Apparent equilibrium constants of NMPKs, based on total nucleotide contents, are [Mg²⁺]-dependent. This allows for an indirect estimation of internal [Mg²⁺], which constitutes a signal of the energetic status of a given tissue/cell/compartment. Adenylates contribute the most to this Mg²⁺-signal, followed by uridylates, guanylates, and cytidylates, with deoxynucleotides’ contribution deemed negligible. A method to quantify the Mg²⁺-signal, using nucleotide datasets, is discussed.

核苷单磷酸、二磷酸和三磷酸（NMP、NDP和NTP）及其脱氧对应物（dNMP、dNDP、dNTP）参与能量代谢，分别是RNA和DNA的组成部分。NTP和dNTP是由几种NMP激酶（NMPK）和NDP激酶（NDPK）产生的。所有的nmpk都是完全可逆的，并且在反应的两个方向上都使用确定的无mg和mg络合的核苷酸，Mg2+控制无mg和mg络合反应物的比例。它们的活性由腺苷酸激酶产生的腺苷酸驱动，腺苷酸激酶根据细胞的能量状态控制NMPK和NDPK反应的方向。这种酶机制定位于细胞质、线粒体和质体，即具有高能量预算的室室，在那里（细胞质除外）发生RNA和DNA合成。基于总核苷酸含量的nmpk的表观平衡常数依赖于[Mg2+]。这允许对内部[Mg2+]进行间接估计，这构成了给定组织/细胞/室的能量状态的信号。腺苷酸对Mg2+信号的贡献最大，其次是尿苷酸、鸟苷酸和胞苷酸，脱氧核苷酸的贡献可以忽略不计。讨论了一种利用核苷酸数据集定量Mg2+信号的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Individual and interactive effects of temperature and blue light on canola growth, lignin biosynthesis and methane emissions 温度和蓝光对油菜籽生长、木质素生物合成和甲烷排放的个体和交互影响。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154402

Brooke T. Dauphinee, Mirwais M. Qaderi

It is now well documented that plants produce methane (CH₄) under aerobic conditions. However, the mechanisms of methane production in plants, its potential precursors, and the factors that are involved in the process are not fully understood. Few studies have considered the effects of blue light on methane emissions from plants; however, the combined effects of temperature and blue light have not been studied. We studied the effects of two temperature regimes (22/18 °C and 28/24 °C; 16 h light/8 h dark), and three blue light levels (0, 4, and 8 mW cm⁻²; 400–500 nm) on the growth, lignin, and methane emissions of canola (Brassica napus). Plants were grown under experimental conditions for three weeks, and then methane, monolignols and other plant traits, including growth, biomass, growth index, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic pigments, were measured. Blue light significantly increased methane emissions, stem height, and growth rate, but decreased stem diameter, leaf number and area, biomass, specific leaf mass, leaf area ratio, shoot/root mass ratio, photosynthetic pigments, sinapyl alcohol, and coniferyl aldehyde. Higher temperature significantly decreased stem diameter, non-photochemical quenching, sinapyl alcohol, and coniferyl aldehyde. Methane emission was negatively correlated with plant dry mass, leaf area per plant, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II. However, no significant relationships were found between methane and monolignols. In conclusion, plants emitted more methane under stress conditions; however, further studies are required to understand the potential precursors of methane and the mechanism of its synthesis in plants.

现在有充分的文献证明植物在有氧条件下产生甲烷（CH4）。然而，植物产生甲烷的机制、其潜在的前体以及参与该过程的因素尚未完全了解。很少有研究考虑到蓝光对植物甲烷排放的影响；然而，温度和蓝光的联合效应尚未得到研究。我们研究了22/18°C和28/24°C两种温度制度的影响；16小时亮/8小时暗)和三个蓝光水平(0,4和8 mW cm-2；400-500 nm)对油菜生长、木质素和甲烷排放的影响。植物在实验条件下生长3周，然后测量甲烷、单脂醇和其他植物性状，包括生长、生物量、生长指数、光合作用、叶绿素荧光和光合色素。蓝光显著提高了甲烷排放量、茎高和生长率，但降低了茎粗、叶数和面积、生物量、比叶质量、叶面积比、茎根质量比、光合色素、松柏醇和松柏醛。较高的温度显著降低了茎粗、非光化学淬火、松柏醇和松柏醛。甲烷排放量与植株干质量、单株叶面积、光系统II最大量子产量呈负相关。然而，没有发现甲烷和单脂醇之间的显著关系。综上所述，植物在胁迫条件下排放更多的甲烷；然而，需要进一步的研究来了解甲烷的潜在前体及其在植物中的合成机制。

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引用次数: 0

Partial replacement by ammonium nutrition enhances Brassica napus growth by promoting root development, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism 铵营养的部分替代通过促进根系发育、光合作用和氮代谢来促进甘蓝型油菜的生长。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154411

Wen Zhang , Venuste Munyaneza , Dandan Wang , Chenfeng Huang , Siyuan Wu , Mingcun Han , Xu Wang , Surya Kant , Guangda Ding

Nitrogen (N) is crucial for plant growth, available primarily as nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺). However, its presence in soil is often limited, necessitating strategies to augment N availability. This study delves into the enigmatic interplay between NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in fostering the growth of Brassica napus, an important oil crop worldwide. Here, we examined the growth responses of 49 B. napus varieties to five NH₄⁺:NO₃⁻ ratios (12:0, 9:3, 3:9, 1:11, 0:12). In general, the biomass of 49 rapeseed varieties increased with the decrease of NH₄⁺ to NO₃⁻ ratios in the growth environment. However, different varieties may respond diversely to the mixed N sources, or sole NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ condition. For some cultivars, the mixed N supply significantly enhanced the plant growth compared with the sole NO₃⁻ conditions. Thus, we further investigate the morphological, physiological and molecular response of rapeseed to the mixed N source condition using sole NO₃⁻ as a control. The results show that partial replacement by ammonium nutrition in the environment can promote rapeseed root development, net photosynthetic rate and NO₃⁻ reduction compared to NO₃⁻-only conditions. Using transcriptome analysis, we found a total of 399 and 465 genes which were differentially expressed in root and shoot under A1N11 compared to A0N12 treatments, respectively. Genes involved in photosynthesis, N uptake and assimilation were upregulated by mixed N supplies. These findings highlight that the mixed N supply primarily stimulates B. napus growth by enhancing root development, photosynthesis and N metabolism in the shoot. Such insights are crucial for optimizing N form selection in B. napus to enhance plant performance and N use efficiency.

氮(N)对植物生长至关重要，主要以硝酸盐（NO3-）和铵（NH4+）的形式存在。然而，它在土壤中的存在往往是有限的，需要策略来增加氮的可用性。本研究探讨了NO3-和NH4+在促进甘蓝型油菜生长中的神秘相互作用。以49个甘蓝型油菜品种为研究对象，研究了5种NH4+:NO3-配比（12:0、9:3、3:9、1:11、0:12）对甘蓝型油菜生长的影响。总体而言，49个油菜品种的生物量随着生长环境中NH4+ / NO3-比值的降低而增加。然而，不同品种对混合氮源或单一NO3-或NH4+条件的响应不同。对部分品种而言，混施氮肥比单施NO3-显著促进植株生长。因此，我们以单一NO3-为对照，进一步研究了油菜籽对混合氮源条件的形态、生理和分子响应。结果表明，与只施用NO3——相比，环境中铵态营养的部分替代能促进油菜籽根系发育、净光合速率和NO3-减量。通过转录组分析，我们发现A1N11处理与A0N12处理相比，根和茎中分别有399个和465个基因差异表达。与光合作用、氮吸收和同化有关的基因在混合氮供应下上调。这些结果表明，混合氮供应主要通过促进根系发育、光合作用和地上部氮代谢来促进甘蓝型油菜的生长。这些见解对于优化甘蓝型油菜氮素形态选择以提高植株性能和氮素利用效率至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid changes in stress-related gene expression after short exposure of Arabidopsis leaves to cold plasma 拟南芥叶片短时间暴露于冷血浆后应激相关基因表达的快速变化

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154397

Alexis Porcher , Emmanuel Duffour , Frédéric Perisse , Sébastien Menecier , Vincent Guérin , Maxime Moreau , Chloé Davranche , Françoise Paladian , Pierre Bonnet , Alain Vian

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) technology has emerged as a promising tool in various biological applications due to its ability to generate a composite signal comprising reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ultraviolet radiation, and electromagnetic fields, all while maintaining a stable temperature. Although CAP treatments have demonstrated significant effects on seed germination and plant growth, the direct molecular responses of plants to CAP exposure remain poorly understood. In this study, young Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were exposed to a brief 5- or 30-s localized CAP treatment, resulting in rapid and localized tissue damage without causing lethal effects on the entire plant. Molecular analyses conducted on the entire plant rosette revealed a notable increase in hydrogen peroxide levels, along with the upregulation of stress-related genes, akin to a wound response. Of particular interest, the activation of RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) genes encoding proteins that regulate the synthesis of the stress marker (p)ppGpp, also known as alarmone, and playing a major role in the energic regulation of photosynthesis, occurred shortly after CAP exposure. The expression of RSH genes was up-regulated after 5s CAP exposure, while the wound stress marker ZAT12 remained unaffected, highlighting a specific signalling pathway to activate RSH genes. This finding suggests the potential involvement of the alarmone signalling pathway in the plant's response to CAP exposure, thereby opening avenues for further exploration of metabolic pathways and signalling cascades induced by CAP treatment.

冷大气等离子体（CAP）技术由于能够产生包含活性氧和活性氮、紫外线辐射和电磁场的复合信号，同时保持稳定的温度，已成为各种生物应用中有前途的工具。尽管CAP处理已证明对种子萌发和植物生长有显著影响，但植物对CAP暴露的直接分子反应仍知之甚少。在本研究中，拟南芥幼嫩叶片暴露于短暂的5或30 s局部CAP处理下，导致快速和局部组织损伤，而不会对整个植物造成致命影响。对整个植株莲座进行的分子分析显示，过氧化氢水平显著增加，与压力相关的基因也出现上调，类似于伤口反应。特别有趣的是，在暴露于CAP后不久，RelA/SpoT同源基因（RSH）的激活就发生了，这些基因编码调节应激标记物(p)ppGpp（也称为警报酮）合成的蛋白质，并在光合作用的能量调节中发挥重要作用。暴露于CAP 5秒后，RSH基因的表达上调，而伤口应激标记物ZAT12未受影响，这表明激活RSH基因的特定信号通路。这一发现表明，警示信号通路可能参与植物对CAP暴露的反应，从而为进一步探索CAP处理诱导的代谢途径和信号级联通路开辟了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of two amino acid transporter-like genes on potato growth 两个氨基酸转运蛋白样基因对马铃薯生长的影响。

IF 4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154408

Chao Zhang , Mingying Shi , Yuquan Lin , Qin Chen , Xingren Shi

Amino acid transporters are membrane proteins that mediate amino acid transport across the plasma membrane. They play a significant role in plant growth and development. The amino acid permease (AAP) subfamily belongs to the activating transcription factor family, which is one of the main amino acid transporter families. Potato AAP genes were identified through simple bioinformatics, and the functions of StAAP1 and StAAP8 were verified by plant subcellular localization and potato transgenic technology. In this study, eight AAP-like genes in potato were separated into two subgroups based on the differences in the number of pore-lining residues. To identify the locations where the genes were expressed, we built green fluorescent protein expression vectors for two genes, StAAP1 and StAAP8, and found that these two genes were expressed on the plasma membrane. Meanwhile, we constructed overexpression vectors for these two genes to construct transgenic plants. By observing the phenotype of the transgenic plants, we concluded that StAAP1 and StAAP8 promoted leaf growth and increased leaf area and StAAP1 elongated the potato tubers. Overall, these two genes did not significantly affect tuber weight or number. However, the assessment of amino acid content in potato tubers showed that StAAP8 overexpression increased the content of amino acids, and some of these amino acids were related to protein synthesis. Therefore, StAAP8 overexpression may promote the accumulation of plant amino acids. Studies have shown that there are some differences in the functions of different transcription factor members. The studied AAP8 gene plays a role in amino acid transport and protein accumulation in potato tubers, which provides support for subsequent research on potato tuber nutrition.

氨基酸转运蛋白是介导氨基酸跨质膜转运的膜蛋白。它们在植物生长发育中起着重要作用。氨基酸渗透酶（AAP）亚家族属于激活转录因子家族，是氨基酸转运蛋白的主要家族之一。通过简单的生物信息学方法鉴定了马铃薯AAP基因，并通过植物亚细胞定位和马铃薯转基因技术验证了StAAP1和StAAP8的功能。本研究将马铃薯中8个aap样基因根据孔衬残基数量的差异划分为2个亚群。为了确定基因的表达位置，我们构建了StAAP1和StAAP8两个基因的绿色荧光蛋白表达载体，发现这两个基因都在质膜上表达。同时，我们构建了这两个基因的过表达载体来构建转基因植株。通过对转基因植株表型的观察，我们发现StAAP1和StAAP8促进了马铃薯叶片的生长，增加了叶片面积，StAAP1使马铃薯块茎伸长。总的来说，这两个基因对块茎重量和数量没有显著影响。然而，对马铃薯块茎中氨基酸含量的评估表明，StAAP8过表达增加了氨基酸含量，其中一些氨基酸与蛋白质合成有关。因此，StAAP8过表达可能促进植物氨基酸的积累。研究表明，不同转录因子成员的功能存在一定差异。所研究的AAP8基因在马铃薯块茎中参与氨基酸转运和蛋白质积累，为后续马铃薯块茎营养研究提供支持。

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