Journal of plant physiology最新文献

{"title":"C3H23 positively regulates JA/ET-mediated resistance to Botrytis cinerea via being directly targeted by WRKY33 in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Jiping Feng ,&nbsp;Li Xu ,&nbsp;Fumei Liu ,&nbsp;Peiyao Li ,&nbsp;Yumeng Yang ,&nbsp;Ziyu Cao ,&nbsp;Gongke Zhou ,&nbsp;Congpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Dian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Botrytis cinerea</em> (<em>B. cinerea</em>) is a typical necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing severe yield losses in crops and fruits, But the molecular defense mechanism of plants against this fungus is not fully understood. Here in our study, C3H23 was found to positively regulate plant defense against <em>B. cinerea</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. <em>c3h23</em> mutant showed decreased expression of JA/ET-responsive genes and compromised defense against <em>B. cinerea</em>. In contrast<em>,</em> overexpression of <em>C3H23</em> increased the expression of JA/ET-responsive genes and enhanced plant resistance. In addition, <em>C3H23</em> was transcriptionally activated by WRKY33, which directly bound to a W-box in the promoter of <em>C3H23</em>. Furthermore, expression of <em>C3H23</em> was down-regulated in <em>wrky33</em> mutants compared to that in wild-type plants responding to <em>B. cinerea</em> infection. Genetic analysis revealed that WRKY33 controlled the defense to <em>B. cinerea</em> in a partial C3H23-dependent manner. In summary, <em>C3H23</em> regulates the defense to <em>B. cinerea</em> positively by inducing JA/ET signaling and being targeted transcriptionally by WRKY33 in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of nitrogen absorption, translocation, and assimilation depend on the growth stages of tank-forming epiphytic bromeliads","authors":"Cassia Ayumi Takahashi ,&nbsp;Rafael Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Helenice Mercier","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In tank-forming epiphytic bromeliads, two distinct growth stages can be easily identified, each characterized by specific adaptive traits for capturing nutrients such as inorganic or organic nitrogen sources: (a) the juvenile stage (atmospheric form), during which the bromeliad absorbs nutrients dissolved in rainwater through its leaves and roots; and (b) the adult stage (tank form), in which overlapping leaves form a reservoir that enables the accumulation of water and nutrients among the leaf bases. This study investigated differences in nitrogen absorption, translocation, and assimilation between these two growth stages of <em>Vriesea gigantea.</em> Atmospheric and tank-form bromeliads were supplied with solutions containing ¹⁵NO₃⁻, ¹⁵NH₄⁺, or [U-¹⁵N]urea. Leaves and roots were harvested at six different time points and used for enzymatic activity assays (urease, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase) and endogenous content quantifications (ammonium, nitrate, and ¹⁵N abundance). Ammonium and urea were the main nitrogen sources utilized by both growth forms. However, they were not absorbed and assimilated with equal efficiency: atmospheric bromeliads used ammonium more efficiently, whereas tank bromeliads utilized urea better. Although nitrate was the least absorbed source in both plants, atmospheric bromeliads showed faster uptake and assimilation. These findings suggest that inorganic nitrogen sources may be more readily available to epiphytic bromeliads during their juvenile phase, which could explain why they are physiologically better adapted to absorb and metabolize them. In the adult stage, organic nitrogen sources may become more accessible to <em>V. gigantea</em>, as the tank structure facilitates the accumulation of decomposing organic matter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protoplast isolation and transient expression in the precious and economically important tree Toona ciliata","authors":"Chunyi Ye ,&nbsp;Weijia Kong ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Huiyun Song ,&nbsp;Ziyi Tian ,&nbsp;Chunxia Lei ,&nbsp;Pei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Protoplasts are widely used in the fields of genetic transformation, physiology, and biochemistry, as they can easily absorb exogenous substances. The development and an efficient protoplast isolation and transient transformation system are essential for molecular biology and related research. <em>Toona ciliata</em>, valued for its high-quality and vividly colored wood, represents an economically significant species. In order to promote efficient breeding of the precious fast-growing tree, the establishment of a protoplast isolation and transient transformation system for <em>T. ciliata</em> is particularly important.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The native protoplast isolation system established in this study used 0.3 g of leaves of two-month-old <em>T. ciliata</em> seedlings as the separation material, with an enzyme solution composed of 15 g/L Cellulase R-10 + 15 g/L Macerozyme R-10 + 0.6 M mannitol +10 mM MES +1 mM CaCl₂ + 0.1 % BSA. Protoplasts were isolated in the dark at room temperature with gentle shaking (50 rpm) for 10 h, yielding (89.17 ± 7.21) × 10⁶ protoplasts per gram of fresh weight with a viability of 92.62 ± 0.75 % (n = 3). For transient transformation, the optimal conditions included 40 % PEG, a plasmid concentration of 30 μg/μL, and a 30 min incubation in the dark, resulting in a transformation efficiency of 29.02 ± 6.13 % (n = 3). This highly efficient native protoplast-based transient expression system was successfully applied to determine the subcellular localization of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), a rate-limiting enzyme in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway in <em>T. ciliata</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The established protoplast isolation and transient expression system provides a foundation for the subsequent identification of gene function and mechanism research, and provides a reliable research platform for the molecular breeding of <em>T. ciliata</em>, supporting future genetic improvement efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALA improves salt tolerance of strawberry by alleviating the negative regulation of FaMYB44 on FaCLC expression","authors":"Bo Wei,&nbsp;Jianting Zhang,&nbsp;Liangju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strawberry (<em>Fragaria</em> × <em>ananassa</em> Duch.) is sensitive to salt stress. The application of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can induce <em>chloride channel</em> (<em>CLC</em>) gene expression, which promotes Cl⁻ retention in roots with less translocation to shoots, thereby improving the salt tolerance of plants. However, the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanism remains unknown. In this study, 23 <em>FaCLC</em> genes were identified in the strawberry genome, which were classified into two subclasses and six subgroups. NaCl stress stimulated the expression of <em>FaCLC-b1</em>/<em>c4</em>/<em>e3</em> in the leaves and roots of strawberry and ALA further promoted the gene expression under salt stress. NaCl and ALA activated the transcriptional activity of three gene promoters, as detected by using <em>β-glucuronidase</em> (<em>GUS</em>) reporter gene. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that FaCLC-b1 and FaCLC-c4 are tonoplast localized proteins. Overexpression of <em>FaCLC-b1</em> and <em>FaCLC-c4</em> in tobaccos improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants with more Cl⁻ retention in the roots and less accumulation in the leaves. It was found that the NO₃⁻ content was increased by ALA treatment. Moreover, we identified a nucleus-localized transcription factor FaMYB44. Verification by yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H), dual-luciferase reporter (LUC), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that FaMYB44 can recognize the MBS elements of the promoter of <em>FaCLC-c4</em> and negatively regulate the target gene expression. NaCl stress induced <em>FaMYB44</em> expression in strawberry roots, while ALA suppressed its expression. Overexpression of <em>FaMYB44</em> in tobacco resulted in increased Cl⁻ accumulation in the leaves and impaired the plants. FaMYB44 can bind to the promoter of <em>FaCLC-c4</em> and depress its expression, while ALA inhibited <em>FaMYB44</em> expression, thereby alleviating the suppression of FaMYB44 on <em>FaCLC-c4</em> expression, and intercepting Cl⁻ in roots with preferential transport of NO₃⁻ up to the leaves and increasing salt tolerance. These findings provide a new perspective on the transcription regulation of <em>FaCLC</em> genes and facilitate better application of exogenous ALA in salt tolerance practices for fruit production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PpbZIP23 from a native Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) regulates osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic rice","authors":"Leilei Xiang ,&nbsp;Jingjin Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhenfei Guo ,&nbsp;Shaoyun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A drought-induced bZIP transcription factor from a native Kentucky bluegrass (<em>Poa pratensis</em> L.), PpbZIP23, in regulating drought tolerance was investigated in the present study. PpbZIP23 is located in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. <em>PpbZIP23</em> expression was induced within 48 h after treatment with osmotic stress. Overexpression of <em>PpbZIP23</em> led to delayed wilting and enhanced drought tolerance with higher levels of relative water content and lower levels of ion leakage after osmotic stress. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate-peroxidase activities and proline concentrations of proline increased after osmotic stress, with higher levels in the <em>PpbZIP23</em>-overexpressing lines than in the wild type plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that overexpression of <em>PpbZIP23</em> led to upregulation and downregulation of hundreds of genes under osmotic stress conditions. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in multiple KEGG pathways. PpbZIP23 regulated glycerophospholipid and ascorbic acid metabolism through upregulating <em>Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase</em> 3, <em>Choline Kinase Alpha 2</em>, <em>UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase</em>, and <em>Ascorbate-Peroxidase 3</em> expressions. PpbZIP23 regulated zeatin metabolism through downregulating <em>Isopentenyl Transferase 8, Cytokinin Oxidase/dehydrogenase 1</em> expressions and promoted triterpenes and phytosterols biosynthesis via upregulating <em>Oxidosqualene Cyclase 7</em> expression. Lignin biosynthesis was also regulated by PpbZIP23 through upregulating <em>Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase 17</em> (<em>CCR17</em>)<em>,</em> class III <em>Peroxidases</em> (<em>PRX16</em>) and <em>PRX72</em> and downregulating <em>p-Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase 1, CCR13, PRX1, PRX62,</em> and <em>PRX95</em> expressions. The results suggest that PpbZIP23 regulates drought tolerance through activating antioxidant defense system and altering multiple metabolic pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of interspecific crosses between Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum for intragenesis and the transient production of valuable small molecules and proteins","authors":"Margit Drapal,&nbsp;Laura Perez-Fons,&nbsp;Eugenia M.A. Enfissi,&nbsp;Paul D. Fraser","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intragenesis is classified as New Plant Breeding Techniques and agroinfiltration provides a simple, rapid and reproducible technique for transient gene expression. Sexual compatibility is a perquisite for the use of interspecies genetic components. In the present study, genetic crosses between <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> and <em>N. tabacum</em> have been achieved and viable progeny obtained. Resulting F₁ progeny were phenotyped and classification into three groups was observed. These phenotypes included <em>N. benthamiana</em> Lab-like phenotypes termed “BEN”, representing 64 % of the progeny, while 8 % had observable <em>N. tabacum</em> phenotypes termed “TAB”. Finally, 28 % represented a hybrid phenotype “HYB”. Male sterility was present in group TAB and HYB. In order to assess the amenability of the progeny to agroinfiltration and to evaluate the potential of the new chassis with increased biomass and growth properties, the transient production of ketocarotenoids was performed. The progeny with BEN phenotypes showed increased ketocarotenoid production (∼1330 μg/g DW) compared to the control (∼550 μg/g DW). However, the increased leaf size found in the TAB and HYB progeny yielded greater ketocarotenoid levels per leaf (∼800 and ∼700 μg/g DW), when compared to the traditional <em>N. benthamiana</em> Lab accession. Further progeny of BEN and clonally propagated HYB were tested, but the beneficial traits for transient expression could only be attributed to the F₁ progeny cultivated from seed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokinin-induced phenotypic and endogenous phytohormonal dynamics during potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber development in vitro","authors":"Lixiang Cheng,&nbsp;Jianlong Yuan,&nbsp;Lulu Xia,&nbsp;Zhensan Tang,&nbsp;Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytokinins (CKs) exist in various forms within potato plants, among which the active CKs account for only a minute fraction but play crucial roles in tuber development. In the present study, <em>in vitro</em> potato stolons were exposed to graded concentrations of active CK N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)-adenine (2ip) and CK-biosynthesis inhibitor lovastatin, and the phenotypic and endogenous phytohormone dynamics during tuber development were investigated. The results showed that low 2ip concentrations promoted tuberization, with 0.1 μM 2ip exhibiting the strongest inductive effect. The initial time of tuberization was advanced, and the tuberization rate, tuber fresh weight, and tuber diameter significantly increased. With increasing 2ip concentrations, higher levels (&gt;50 μM) inhibited tuberization and markedly elevated the length-to-width ratio of tubers. Inhibiting CK biosynthesis by lovastatin also inhibited tuberization, and even induced the formation of abnormal tubers. Treatment with 0.1 μM 2ip shifted the endogenous hormone balance toward a state that favors tuber formation and development. Levels of active CKs (iP, tZ, and DHZ), IAA, and SA significantly increased, whereas the contents of total jasmonates (JA, JA-Ile, and <em>cis</em>-OPDA), ABA, and inactive CKs (iPR and cZR) decreased. The ratios of active CKs to GA₃, ABA, or JA, as well as the IAA/ABA and IAA/GA₃ ratios, significantly increased. Inhibition of CK biosynthesis elicited changes in CKs, JAs, and ABA levels, as well as in the associated phytohormone ratios, that were opposite to those observed with 0.1 μM 2ip treatment. Thus this study revealed the specific physiological roles of active CKs in tuber development and provided insights into the mechanisms of tuber development regulated by CKs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long non-coding RNA profiling reveals lncRNA MslncLOX13S that promotes lipoxygenase gene expression and enhances the tolerance to selenium in Medicago sativa L.","authors":"Qingdong Wang ,&nbsp;Mengli Xu ,&nbsp;Meiling Xiang ,&nbsp;Yarui Sheng ,&nbsp;Huafeng Hu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) is one of the most widely cultivated forage crops globally. Selenium (Se) is considered beneficial for plants, showing a concentration-dependent dual effect that can promote and inhibit various plant species, including alfalfa. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-protein-coding transcripts, are involved in multiple biological processes in plants. To explore the potential role of lncRNAs in Se accumulation and tolerance in alfalfa, physiological responses were measured, and lncRNA expression was examined in alfalfa leaves exposed to Se concentrations of 0 mg L⁻¹, 100 mg L⁻¹, and 500 mg L⁻¹. Under selenium treatment, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and antioxidant levels increased significantly. A total of 64,684 novel lncRNAs were identified, with 1414 and 1810 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) found in the 100 mg L⁻¹ and 500 mg L⁻¹ Se-treated groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that LOX-targeted lncRNAs could play a pivotal role in Se accumulation and tolerance. Silencing of <em>MslncLOX13S</em> resulted in a yellowing of the leaf edges and lowered levels of LOX, jasmonic acid (JA), antioxidant capacity, and Se content. In comparison, transient overexpression of <em>MslncLOX13S</em> showed the opposite effects. These findings may contribute to the development of alfalfa cultivars enriched in Se, suitable for use as feed or raw material for organic Se extraction. Moreover, this study improves the understanding of lncRNA-mediated gene expression in alfalfa, highlighting <em>MslncLOX13S</em> as a Se-responsive lncRNA that enhances tolerance against Se, potentially offering a strategy for improving Se biofortification in forage crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal a reprogramming of phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidant activity in Cymbidium ensifolium resistance to anthracnose","authors":"Peng Li ,&nbsp;Linying Lan ,&nbsp;Longwei Xiong ,&nbsp;Yang Tian ,&nbsp;Gangmu Wu ,&nbsp;Donghui Peng ,&nbsp;Siren Lan ,&nbsp;Zhongjian Liu ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Ye Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose, caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> (<em>Cog</em>), severely constrains the <em>Cymbidium ensifolium</em> industry. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of resistance and the host-pathogen interaction strategies between <em>C. ensifolium</em> and <em>Cog</em>, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to compare the post-infection responses of the <em>Cog</em>-resistant (RV) and <em>Cog</em>-susceptible (SV) <em>C. ensifolium</em> varieties. Our integrated analysis reveals that resistance to <em>Cog</em> in <em>C. ensifolium</em> is partially mediated by the targeted accumulation of phenylpropane pathway metabolites, especially those involved in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Metabolites including rutin, lonicerin, nicotiflorin, apiin, and coniferin exhibited highly significant accumulation in the RV. The massive accumulation of various flavonoids in the SV was consistent with the gene expression trends in the phenylpropanoid pathway, a pattern indicative of an antioxidant stress response driven by stress reprogramming. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the core reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging pathway, glutathione metabolism. This ultimately results in two distinct outcomes: a potent, antifungal defense reprogramming in the RV versus an antioxidant-focused stress reprogramming in the SV. The observed trade-offs between antifungal and antioxidant activities in these varieties provide novel insights into the multilevel regulatory networks governing plant-pathogen interactions. Our study illuminates this sophisticated defense strategy of <em>C. ensifolium</em> against <em>Cog</em>, identifying core metabolites and pathways that now serve as a guide for targeted resistance breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 154631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grapevine adopts different strategies in response to drying regimes. Procrastinator or escaper?","authors":"C. Morabito ,&nbsp;J. Orozco ,&nbsp;A. Asteggiano ,&nbsp;C. Medana ,&nbsp;A. Schubert ,&nbsp;M.A. Zwieniecki ,&nbsp;F. Secchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grapevines (<em>Vitis vinifera)</em> experience diverse drought conditions that can differ in severity, duration, and progression. In this study, we investigated the physiological, biochemical, and hormonal responses of the Barbera grapevine, a near-anisohydric cultivar, to two contrasting drought imposition regimes: a gradual stress mimicking field conditions (progressive drought, PD) and an abrupt stress simulating pot experiments (rapid drought, RD). We analyzed stomatal conductance (gs), stem water potential (Ψ), xylem sap pH, abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in xylem sap and leaves during stress and recovery.</div><div>RD induced a rapid drop in Ψ and gs, accompanied by significant xylem sap alkalinization and a sharp rise in ABA concentration, which promoted early stomatal closure and rapid starch remobilization. In contrast, PD resulted in delayed stomatal closure, minimal ABA accumulation under moderate stress, and progressive xylem sap acidification, which facilitated osmotic adjustments via sustained accumulation of soluble sugars and ions.</div><div>Our findings suggest that Barbera vines shift between isohydric and anisohydric behaviors depends on drought imposition dynamics. This physiological plasticity reflects a context-dependent deployment of stress avoidance or tolerance mechanisms. These insights emphasize the importance of stress imposition protocols in drought physiology studies and inform irrigation management and breeding programs for drought-resilient cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 154622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}