Journal of plant physiology最新文献_第7页

Heat-induced chloroplast, mitochondria and plasma membrane ROS generation and modification of antioxidant activities in Hordeum vulgare leaves of different age 热诱导不同龄期苦参叶片叶绿体、线粒体和质膜活性氧的生成及抗氧化活性的改变

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154650

Natallia Pshybytko , Vadim Demidchik

Increased temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting plant life. Here, the effect of heat (40 °C, 3 h) on thylakoid O₂ production and mitochondrial O₂ consumption, H₂O₂ and superoxide generation, an accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in organelles, ascorbate peroxidase activities, redox state of ascorbate and glutathione pools were investigated in the developing primary leaf of Hordeum vulgare L. (4-, 7- and 11-day-old seedlings: ‘young’, ‘mature’ and ‘aging’ leaf, respectively). It was found that heat inhibited chloroplast O₂-evolving activity in the leaf of all ages. Heat increased respiration in young leaf and decreased it in 7- and 11-day-old seedlings. In chloroplasts, heat mainly increased the ROS production in aging leaf although it did not cause accumulation of MDA (marker of lipid peroxidation). These effects were accompanied by enhanced ROS production and accumulation of MDA in mitochondria in all age groups. Heat-induced generation of ROS in chloroplasts of older leaf caused activation of ascorbate peroxidase, resulting in a decrease in the amount of ascorbate. At the same time, the reduced glutathione content was increased in heated leaf of all ages with partially high levels in older leaf. Heat also activated NADPH oxidase in leaves of 4-day-old seedlings but not in older leaf that can be reminiscent of elevated NADPH oxidase activity in growth tissues. The discovered generation of ROS and other effects were analyzed in the context of the heat-induced modification of photosynthetic electron flows in the developing primary leaf of barley, which we previously revealed. Schemes of possible heat-induced reactions for different stages of leaf development were proposed.

温度升高是影响植物生长的重要环境因素之一。本文研究了高温（40°C, 3 h）对Hordeum vulgare L.（4、7和11日龄幼苗：“年轻”、“成熟”和“衰老”叶片）发育初生叶类囊体O2产生和线粒体O2消耗、H2O2和超氧化物生成、细胞器中丙二醛（MDA）积累、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽池氧化还原状态的影响。结果表明，高温对各年龄层叶片的叶绿体o2进化活性均有抑制作用。在7天和11天大的幼苗中，热量增加了幼叶的呼吸作用，降低了幼苗的呼吸作用。在叶绿体中，热主要增加了老化叶片中ROS的产生，但不引起MDA（脂质过氧化的标志）的积累。在所有年龄组中，这些影响都伴随着线粒体中ROS产生和MDA积累的增加。热诱导的活性氧在老叶叶绿体中产生，引起抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的激活，导致抗坏血酸的量减少。同时，各龄期受热叶片还原性谷胱甘肽含量均有所增加，其中老叶部分含量较高。高温也激活了4天大幼苗叶片中的NADPH氧化酶，但在老叶片中没有，这可能使人联想到生长组织中NADPH氧化酶活性的升高。在热诱导大麦初生叶光合电子流改变的背景下，分析了所发现的ROS的产生和其他影响。提出了叶片发育不同阶段可能的热诱导反应方案。

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引用次数: 0

ALA improves salt tolerance of strawberry by alleviating the negative regulation of FaMYB44 on FaCLC expression ALA通过缓解FaMYB44对FaCLC表达的负调控来提高草莓的耐盐性。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154633

Bo Wei, Jianting Zhang, Liangju Wang

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is sensitive to salt stress. The application of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can induce chloride channel (CLC) gene expression, which promotes Cl⁻ retention in roots with less translocation to shoots, thereby improving the salt tolerance of plants. However, the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanism remains unknown. In this study, 23 FaCLC genes were identified in the strawberry genome, which were classified into two subclasses and six subgroups. NaCl stress stimulated the expression of FaCLC-b1/c4/e3 in the leaves and roots of strawberry and ALA further promoted the gene expression under salt stress. NaCl and ALA activated the transcriptional activity of three gene promoters, as detected by using β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that FaCLC-b1 and FaCLC-c4 are tonoplast localized proteins. Overexpression of FaCLC-b1 and FaCLC-c4 in tobaccos improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants with more Cl⁻ retention in the roots and less accumulation in the leaves. It was found that the NO₃⁻ content was increased by ALA treatment. Moreover, we identified a nucleus-localized transcription factor FaMYB44. Verification by yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H), dual-luciferase reporter (LUC), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that FaMYB44 can recognize the MBS elements of the promoter of FaCLC-c4 and negatively regulate the target gene expression. NaCl stress induced FaMYB44 expression in strawberry roots, while ALA suppressed its expression. Overexpression of FaMYB44 in tobacco resulted in increased Cl⁻ accumulation in the leaves and impaired the plants. FaMYB44 can bind to the promoter of FaCLC-c4 and depress its expression, while ALA inhibited FaMYB44 expression, thereby alleviating the suppression of FaMYB44 on FaCLC-c4 expression, and intercepting Cl⁻ in roots with preferential transport of NO₃⁻ up to the leaves and increasing salt tolerance. These findings provide a new perspective on the transcription regulation of FaCLC genes and facilitate better application of exogenous ALA in salt tolerance practices for fruit production.

草莓（Fragaria × ananassa Duch.）对盐胁迫敏感。外源施用5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）可诱导氯通道（CLC）基因表达，促进根中Cl-的保留，减少向茎部的转运，从而提高植物的耐盐性。然而，潜在的转录调控机制尚不清楚。本研究在草莓基因组中鉴定出23个FaCLC基因，将其分为2个亚类和6个亚群。NaCl胁迫刺激了草莓叶片和根系中FaCLC-b1/c4/e3的表达，ALA进一步促进了该基因在盐胁迫下的表达。通过β-葡萄糖醛酸酶（GUS）报告基因检测，NaCl和ALA激活了3个基因启动子的转录活性。亚细胞定位分析显示，FaCLC-b1和FaCLC-c4是tono质体定位蛋白。在烟草中过表达FaCLC-b1和FaCLC-c4提高了转基因植株的耐盐性，增加了根中Cl-的保留，减少了叶片中Cl-的积累。结果表明，ALA处理提高了NO3-含量。此外，我们还鉴定了一个核定位转录因子FaMYB44。酵母单杂交实验（Y1H）、双荧光素酶报告基因（LUC）和电泳迁移转移实验（EMSA）验证表明FaMYB44能够识别FaCLC-c4启动子的MBS元件，并负向调控靶基因的表达。NaCl胁迫诱导草莓根中FaMYB44的表达，而ALA抑制其表达。FaMYB44在烟草中的过表达导致叶片中Cl-积累增加，对植株有害。FaMYB44可以结合FaCLC-c4启动子抑制其表达，而ALA抑制FaMYB44的表达，从而缓解FaMYB44对FaCLC-c4表达的抑制，阻断根系中的Cl-，将NO3-优先转运至叶片，提高耐盐性。这些研究结果为研究FaCLC基因的转录调控提供了新的视角，并有助于外源ALA在果实耐盐实践中的更好应用。

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引用次数: 0

Modern approaches to enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using phytoprotectants: A focus on encapsulated proline 利用植物保护剂增强非生物胁迫耐受性的现代方法：重点研究荚膜脯氨酸

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154602

Vanessa A. Avendaño , Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero , Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas , Carolina Clausell-Terol

Abiotic stress conditions such as salinity, water deficit, heat, cold, and heavy metal toxicity severely affect plant growth and productivity. To cope with these adverse environmental conditions, the exogenous application of phytoprotectants has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance plant tolerance. Phytoprotectants such as proline, putrescine, ascorbic acid, and phytomelatonin improve physiological and biochemical responses by interacting with phytohormonal signaling pathways to strengthen stress adaptation mechanisms. Among them, proline is particularly notable for its multifunctional role as an osmolyte, antioxidant, signaling molecule, and stabilizer of cellular structures. Exogenous proline application under stress conditions has been shown to improve growth parameters, activate antioxidant defense systems, reduce oxidative stress, and upregulate stress-responsive genes. However, excessive accumulation of these compounds can produce metabolic imbalances, which highlights the need for precise management. Recent advances in encapsulation technologies provide a novel approach to improve the stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of phytoprotectants. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the roles and interactions of key phytoprotectants, with a special focus on proline, and explores how encapsulation strategies can enhance their effectiveness in mitigating abiotic stress in plants.

盐度、水分亏缺、高温、低温和重金属中毒等非生物胁迫条件严重影响植物的生长和生产力。为了应对这些不利的环境条件，外源应用植物保护剂已成为提高植物耐受性的一种有希望的策略。脯氨酸、腐胺、抗坏血酸和褪黑素等植物保护剂通过与植物激素信号通路相互作用来增强应激适应机制，从而改善生理和生化反应。其中脯氨酸尤其引人注目，它具有渗透性、抗氧化剂、信号分子和细胞结构稳定剂等多种功能。在胁迫条件下外源脯氨酸的应用已被证明可以改善生长参数，激活抗氧化防御系统，减少氧化应激，并上调应激反应基因。然而，这些化合物的过度积累会产生代谢失衡，这突出了精确管理的必要性。包封技术的最新进展为提高植物保护剂的稳定性、生物利用度和控释提供了新的途径。本文综述了主要植物保护剂的作用和相互作用，重点介绍了脯氨酸，并探讨了包封策略如何提高它们在减轻植物非生物胁迫中的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

PpbZIP23 from a native Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) regulates osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic rice 来自肯塔基蓝草（Poa pratensis L.）的PpbZIP23调控转基因水稻的渗透胁迫抗性。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154634

Leilei Xiang , Jingjin Cheng , Zhenfei Guo , Shaoyun Lu

A drought-induced bZIP transcription factor from a native Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), PpbZIP23, in regulating drought tolerance was investigated in the present study. PpbZIP23 is located in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. PpbZIP23 expression was induced within 48 h after treatment with osmotic stress. Overexpression of PpbZIP23 led to delayed wilting and enhanced drought tolerance with higher levels of relative water content and lower levels of ion leakage after osmotic stress. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate-peroxidase activities and proline concentrations of proline increased after osmotic stress, with higher levels in the PpbZIP23-overexpressing lines than in the wild type plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that overexpression of PpbZIP23 led to upregulation and downregulation of hundreds of genes under osmotic stress conditions. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in multiple KEGG pathways. PpbZIP23 regulated glycerophospholipid and ascorbic acid metabolism through upregulating Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3, Choline Kinase Alpha 2, UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase, and Ascorbate-Peroxidase 3 expressions. PpbZIP23 regulated zeatin metabolism through downregulating Isopentenyl Transferase 8, Cytokinin Oxidase/dehydrogenase 1 expressions and promoted triterpenes and phytosterols biosynthesis via upregulating Oxidosqualene Cyclase 7 expression. Lignin biosynthesis was also regulated by PpbZIP23 through upregulating Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase 17 (CCR17), class III Peroxidases (PRX16) and PRX72 and downregulating p-Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase 1, CCR13, PRX1, PRX62, and PRX95 expressions. The results suggest that PpbZIP23 regulates drought tolerance through activating antioxidant defense system and altering multiple metabolic pathways.

以肯塔基蓝草（Poa pratensis L.）为材料，研究了干旱诱导bZIP转录因子PpbZIP23在抗旱性调控中的作用。PpbZIP23位于细胞核中，具有转录激活活性。渗透胁迫处理后48 h内诱导PpbZIP23表达。PpbZIP23的过表达可以延缓植株的萎蔫，增强植株的抗旱性，提高植株的相对含水量，降低渗透胁迫后的离子泄漏量。渗透胁迫后，ppbzip23过表达系的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸浓度均升高，且脯氨酸水平高于野生型植株。转录组学分析表明，PpbZIP23的过表达导致渗透胁迫条件下数百个基因的上调和下调。差异表达基因在多个KEGG通路中富集。PpbZIP23通过上调甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶3、胆碱激酶α 2、udp -葡萄糖脱氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶3的表达来调节甘油磷脂和抗坏血酸代谢。PpbZIP23通过下调异戊烯基转移酶8、细胞分裂素氧化酶/脱氢酶1的表达来调节玉米素代谢，通过上调氧化角鲨烯环化酶7的表达来促进三萜和植物甾醇的生物合成。PpbZIP23还通过上调肉桂酰辅酶a还原酶17 （CCR17）、III类过氧化物酶（PRX16）和PRX72，下调对羟基肉桂酰转移酶1、CCR13、PRX1、PRX62和PRX95的表达来调节木质素的生物合成。结果表明，PpbZIP23通过激活抗氧化防御系统和改变多种代谢途径调控抗旱性。

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引用次数: 0

CpWRKY51 enhances drought and salt resistance in Cucurbita pepo via activating CpPYL2-mediated PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 pathway CpWRKY51通过激活cppyl2介导的PYL-PP2C-SnRK2途径增强葫芦的抗旱性和耐盐性

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154652

Ke Xu, Ping Wang

This study characterized the function of CpWRKY51, a WRKY transcription factor from Cucurbita pepo, and explored its role in responding to salt and drought stresses. The function of the CpWRKY51 gene was verified using a virus-mediated transient overexpression system. After salt and drought stress treatments, C. pepo plants with transient overexpression of CpWRKY51 showed significantly milder wilting symptoms than the control group; similarly, Arabidopsis thaliana with CpWRKY51 overexpression also exhibited stronger tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Physiological detection revealed that under stress conditions, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O₂⁻), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the leaves of CpWRKY51-overexpressing lines was reduced, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were significantly higher than those in the control group. At the molecular mechanism level, DNA Affinity Purification Sequencing (DAP-seq) identified the canonical W-box motif ("TTGAC") as the core binding sequence of CpWRKY51. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay confirmed that CpWRKY51 could specifically bind to the promoter of Pyrabactin Resistance 1-Like 2 (PYL2). Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay showed that PYL2 could interact with Protein Phosphatase 2C (PP2C1 and PP2C4) in the presence of 10 μM ABA, and CpSnRK2.6 from C. pepo could specifically interact with PP2C1 and PP2C4. These results indicate that CpWRKY51 positively regulates the tolerance of Cucurbita pepo to salt and drought stresses by coordinately modulating the antioxidant defense system and the PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 pathway. This study provides a theoretical reference for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying WRKY transcription factor-mediated stress adaptation in horticultural crops, and clarifies that CpWRKY51 can serve as a potential target for the genetic improvement of crop stress resistance.

本研究鉴定了葫芦WRKY转录因子CpWRKY51的功能，并探讨了其在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的作用。CpWRKY51基因的功能通过病毒介导的瞬时过表达系统得到验证。在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫处理后，CpWRKY51瞬时过表达的辣椒植株的萎蔫症状明显轻于对照组；同样，CpWRKY51过表达的拟南芥对盐和干旱胁迫也表现出更强的耐受性。生理检测结果显示，胁迫条件下，cpwrky51过表达系叶片中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧阴离子（O2−）、过氧化氢（H2O2）等活性氧（ROS）积累减少，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性显著高于对照组。在分子机制水平上，DNA亲和纯化测序（DNA Affinity Purification Sequencing, ap -seq）鉴定出典型的W-box基序（“TTGAC”）是CpWRKY51的核心结合序列。电泳迁移率转移（EMSA）和酵母单杂交（Y1H）实验证实，CpWRKY51能够特异性结合Pyrabactin Resistance 1-Like 2 （PYL2）启动子。酵母双杂交（Y2H）和双分子荧光互补（BiFC）实验表明，在10 μM ABA存在下，PYL2能与蛋白磷酸酶2C （PP2C1和PP2C4）相互作用，CpSnRK2.6能特异性与PP2C1和PP2C4相互作用。这些结果表明，CpWRKY51通过协同调节抗氧化防御系统和PYL-PP2C-SnRK2通路，正向调节葫芦对盐和干旱胁迫的耐受性。本研究为阐明WRKY转录因子介导的园艺作物逆境适应的分子机制提供了理论参考，并阐明了CpWRKY51可作为作物抗逆性遗传改良的潜在靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Long non-coding RNA profiling reveals lncRNA MslncLOX13S that promotes lipoxygenase gene expression and enhances the tolerance to selenium in Medicago sativa L. 长链非编码RNA分析揭示了促进苜蓿脂氧合酶基因表达和提高对硒耐受性的lncRNA MslncLOX13S。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154629

Qingdong Wang , Mengli Xu , Meiling Xiang , Yarui Sheng , Huafeng Hu , Tianyu Zhang

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated forage crops globally. Selenium (Se) is considered beneficial for plants, showing a concentration-dependent dual effect that can promote and inhibit various plant species, including alfalfa. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-protein-coding transcripts, are involved in multiple biological processes in plants. To explore the potential role of lncRNAs in Se accumulation and tolerance in alfalfa, physiological responses were measured, and lncRNA expression was examined in alfalfa leaves exposed to Se concentrations of 0 mg L⁻¹, 100 mg L⁻¹, and 500 mg L⁻¹. Under selenium treatment, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and antioxidant levels increased significantly. A total of 64,684 novel lncRNAs were identified, with 1414 and 1810 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) found in the 100 mg L⁻¹ and 500 mg L⁻¹ Se-treated groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that LOX-targeted lncRNAs could play a pivotal role in Se accumulation and tolerance. Silencing of MslncLOX13S resulted in a yellowing of the leaf edges and lowered levels of LOX, jasmonic acid (JA), antioxidant capacity, and Se content. In comparison, transient overexpression of MslncLOX13S showed the opposite effects. These findings may contribute to the development of alfalfa cultivars enriched in Se, suitable for use as feed or raw material for organic Se extraction. Moreover, this study improves the understanding of lncRNA-mediated gene expression in alfalfa, highlighting MslncLOX13S as a Se-responsive lncRNA that enhances tolerance against Se, potentially offering a strategy for improving Se biofortification in forage crops.

苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）是全球种植最广泛的饲料作物之一。硒（Se）被认为对植物有益，表现出浓度依赖的双重效应，可以促进和抑制多种植物物种，包括苜蓿。长链非编码rna （Long non-coding rna, lncRNAs）是一类非蛋白质编码转录物，参与植物的多种生物过程。为了探索lncRNA在苜蓿硒积累和耐受中的潜在作用，我们测量了生理反应，并在暴露于硒浓度为0 mg L-1、100 mg L-1和500 mg L-1的苜蓿叶片中检测了lncRNA的表达。硒处理显著提高了脂氧合酶（LOX）活性和抗氧化水平。共鉴定出64,684个新的lncrna，其中在100 mg L-1和500 mg L-1硒处理组中分别发现了1414个和1810个差异表达lncrna （DELs）。功能富集分析表明，lox靶向lncRNAs可能在硒积累和耐受中起关键作用。MslncLOX13S基因的沉默导致叶片边缘变黄，降低了氧氧化物、茉莉酸（JA）、抗氧化能力和硒含量。相比之下，MslncLOX13S的瞬时过表达则表现出相反的效果。这些研究结果将有助于培育适合作为饲料或有机硒提取原料的富硒苜蓿品种。此外，本研究提高了对lncRNA介导的苜蓿基因表达的理解，强调了MslncLOX13S是一种硒敏感的lncRNA，可以增强对硒的耐受性，可能为改善饲料作物的硒生物强化提供策略。

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引用次数: 0

C3H23 positively regulates JA/ET-mediated resistance to Botrytis cinerea via being directly targeted by WRKY33 in Arabidopsis thaliana C3H23通过WRKY33直接靶向拟南芥，正调控JA/ et介导的对灰霉病的抗性。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154637

Jiping Feng , Li Xu , Fumei Liu , Peiyao Li , Yumeng Yang , Ziyu Cao , Gongke Zhou , Congpeng Wang , Dian Wang

Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is a typical necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing severe yield losses in crops and fruits, But the molecular defense mechanism of plants against this fungus is not fully understood. Here in our study, C3H23 was found to positively regulate plant defense against B. cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. c3h23 mutant showed decreased expression of JA/ET-responsive genes and compromised defense against B. cinerea. In contrast, overexpression of C3H23 increased the expression of JA/ET-responsive genes and enhanced plant resistance. In addition, C3H23 was transcriptionally activated by WRKY33, which directly bound to a W-box in the promoter of C3H23. Furthermore, expression of C3H23 was down-regulated in wrky33 mutants compared to that in wild-type plants responding to B. cinerea infection. Genetic analysis revealed that WRKY33 controlled the defense to B. cinerea in a partial C3H23-dependent manner. In summary, C3H23 regulates the defense to B. cinerea positively by inducing JA/ET signaling and being targeted transcriptionally by WRKY33 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea， B. cinerea）是一种典型的对作物和果实造成严重产量损失的坏死性真菌，但植物对其分子防御机制尚不完全清楚。在本研究中，我们发现C3H23正调控拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）对B. cinerea的防御。c3h23突变体表现出JA/ et反应基因的表达减少，对灰绿杆菌的防御能力下降。而过表达C3H23则增加了JA/ et应答基因的表达，增强了植物的抗性。此外，C3H23被WRKY33转录激活，WRKY33直接结合到C3H23启动子中的W-box上。此外，与野生型植物相比，wrky33突变体中C3H23的表达在响应灰孢杆菌感染时下调。遗传分析表明，WRKY33以部分依赖于c3h23的方式控制对绿僵菌的防御。综上所述，在拟南芥中，C3H23通过诱导JA/ET信号通路，并被WRKY33转录靶向，正向调节对灰绿杆菌的防御。

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引用次数: 0

Demonstration of interspecific crosses between Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum for intragenesis and the transient production of valuable small molecules and proteins benthamiana与烟草的种间杂交及瞬时产生有价值的小分子和蛋白质的证明。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154619

Margit Drapal, Laura Perez-Fons, Eugenia M.A. Enfissi, Paul D. Fraser

Intragenesis is classified as New Plant Breeding Techniques and agroinfiltration provides a simple, rapid and reproducible technique for transient gene expression. Sexual compatibility is a perquisite for the use of interspecies genetic components. In the present study, genetic crosses between Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum have been achieved and viable progeny obtained. Resulting F₁ progeny were phenotyped and classification into three groups was observed. These phenotypes included N. benthamiana Lab-like phenotypes termed “BEN”, representing 64 % of the progeny, while 8 % had observable N. tabacum phenotypes termed “TAB”. Finally, 28 % represented a hybrid phenotype “HYB”. Male sterility was present in group TAB and HYB. In order to assess the amenability of the progeny to agroinfiltration and to evaluate the potential of the new chassis with increased biomass and growth properties, the transient production of ketocarotenoids was performed. The progeny with BEN phenotypes showed increased ketocarotenoid production (∼1330 μg/g DW) compared to the control (∼550 μg/g DW). However, the increased leaf size found in the TAB and HYB progeny yielded greater ketocarotenoid levels per leaf (∼800 and ∼700 μg/g DW), when compared to the traditional N. benthamiana Lab accession. Further progeny of BEN and clonally propagated HYB were tested, but the beneficial traits for transient expression could only be attributed to the F₁ progeny cultivated from seed.

内植是一种新的植物育种技术，而农业渗透为基因的瞬时表达提供了一种简单、快速、可复制的技术。性相容性是使用种间遗传成分的先决条件。本研究实现了本烟与烟草的遗传杂交，并获得了可存活的后代。对所得F1后代进行表型分析，并将其分为三组。这些表型包括benthamiana实验室样表型，称为“BEN”，占后代的64%，而8%具有可观察到的烟草N. tabacum表型，称为“TAB”。最后，28%为杂交表型“HYB”。TAB组和HYB组男性不育。为了评估后代对农业渗透的适应性，并评估新底盘增加生物量和生长性能的潜力，进行了类酮胡萝卜素的瞬时生产。具有BEN表型的后代与对照（~ 550 μg/g DW）相比，类酮胡萝卜素产量增加（~ 1330 μg/g DW）。然而，与传统的benthamiana实验室添加相比，TAB和HYB后代叶片大小的增加产生了更高的单叶类酮胡萝卜素水平（~ 800和~ 700 μg/g DW）。对BEN和无性系繁殖的HYB的后代进行了进一步的测试，但瞬时表达的有益性状只能归因于从种子培养的F1后代。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal a reprogramming of phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidant activity in Cymbidium ensifolium resistance to anthracnose 综合转录组和代谢组分析揭示了大花蕙兰（Cymbidium ensifolium）对炭疽病的抗性中苯丙素途径的重编程和抗氧化活性。

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154631

Peng Li , Linying Lan , Longwei Xiong , Yang Tian , Gangmu Wu , Donghui Peng , Siren Lan , Zhongjian Liu , Qinghua Zhang , Ye Ai

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cog), severely constrains the Cymbidium ensifolium industry. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of resistance and the host-pathogen interaction strategies between C. ensifolium and Cog, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to compare the post-infection responses of the Cog-resistant (RV) and Cog-susceptible (SV) C. ensifolium varieties. Our integrated analysis reveals that resistance to Cog in C. ensifolium is partially mediated by the targeted accumulation of phenylpropane pathway metabolites, especially those involved in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Metabolites including rutin, lonicerin, nicotiflorin, apiin, and coniferin exhibited highly significant accumulation in the RV. The massive accumulation of various flavonoids in the SV was consistent with the gene expression trends in the phenylpropanoid pathway, a pattern indicative of an antioxidant stress response driven by stress reprogramming. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the core reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging pathway, glutathione metabolism. This ultimately results in two distinct outcomes: a potent, antifungal defense reprogramming in the RV versus an antioxidant-focused stress reprogramming in the SV. The observed trade-offs between antifungal and antioxidant activities in these varieties provide novel insights into the multilevel regulatory networks governing plant-pathogen interactions. Our study illuminates this sophisticated defense strategy of C. ensifolium against Cog, identifying core metabolites and pathways that now serve as a guide for targeted resistance breeding programs.

炭疽病是由炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cog）引起的，严重制约了蕙兰（cybidium ensifolium）产业的发展。为了研究荚膜荚膜抗性的分子基础和宿主-病原体相互作用策略，我们采用转录组学和代谢组学方法比较了荚膜荚膜抗性（RV）和荚膜荚膜敏感（SV）荚膜荚膜品种的感染后反应。我们的综合分析表明，对Cog的抗性部分是由苯丙烷途径代谢物的靶向积累介导的，特别是与黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成有关的代谢物。代谢产物包括芦丁、忍冬苷、烟碱苷、apiin和针叶树苷在RV中表现出高度显著的积累。SV中各种黄酮类化合物的大量积累与苯丙素途径的基因表达趋势一致，表明应激重编程驱动的抗氧化应激反应模式。在核心活性氧（ROS）清除途径谷胱甘肽代谢中也观察到类似的现象。这最终导致两种不同的结果：RV中有效的抗真菌防御重编程与SV中以抗氧化剂为重点的应激重编程。在这些品种中观察到的抗真菌和抗氧化活性之间的权衡为植物-病原体相互作用的多层调控网络提供了新的见解。我们的研究阐明了C. ensifolium对Cog的这种复杂防御策略，确定了核心代谢物和途径，现在可以作为靶向抗性育种计划的指南。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and functional characterization of lycopene β-cyclase gene from Iris germanica and its relation to carotenoid accumulation 德国鸢尾番茄红素β-环化酶基因的鉴定、功能特征及其与类胡萝卜素积累的关系

IF 4.1 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of plant physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154620

Xiaojie Zhao , Fang Yu , Xue Li , Yumeng Wu , Tianrui Gong , Beibei Su , Xiaofei Zhang , Dazhuang Huang

Accumulations of pigments plays a pivotal role in determining floral coloration, which constitutes one of the most critical ornamental characteristics in flowering plants. In Iris germanica, carotenoids underlie yellow, orange and pink flowers, yet comprehensive metabolomic profiling and associated gene regulatory networks in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway remain to be elucidated. In this study, the carotenoids and transcriptome profiles of yellow, orange and pink flower cultivars were analyzed. In pink flower ‘Lenora Pearl’ and orange flower ‘Savannah Sunset’, lycopene and (E/Z)-phytoene were the major pigments. In yellow flower ‘Harvest of Memories’ and ‘Little Miss Magic’, antheraxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin were the major pigments. The expression profiles of structural genes in the carotenoid pathway were analyzed among different flower-colored cultivars. Among the structural genes, IgLCYB2s expression positively correlation with β, β-carotene (β-carotene and its derivatives) biosynthesis while negatively correlating with lycopene accumulation across cultivars, these pattern also consistent with flower color phenotype among cultivars. Thus, IgLCYB2s could be the critical genes determine composition and content of carotenoids among different cultivars. Quantitative real-time PCR results revealed that IgLCYB2s were tissue-specific in flowers. Enzyme activity assays in Escherichia coli indicated IgLCYB2s converted lycopene into β-carotene in vivo, which confirmed the function of IgLCYB2 as structural gene in regulation the composition of carotenoids. In future, IgLCYB2s can be used in genetic manipulations to facilitate genetically modified breeding of flower color in I. germanica or iris genus.

色素的积累在决定花的颜色中起着关键作用，这是开花植物最重要的观赏特征之一。在德国鸢尾（Iris germanica）中，黄色、橙色和粉红色的花朵都含有类胡萝卜素，但类胡萝卜素生物合成途径的代谢组学分析和相关基因调控网络仍有待阐明。本研究分析了黄色、橙色和粉色花品种的类胡萝卜素和转录组谱。粉红色花“Lenora Pearl”和橙色花“Savannah Sunset”中，番茄红素和(E/Z)-植物烯是主要的色素。黄花“回忆的收获”和“魔法小小姐”中花青素、β-隐黄素和紫黄素是主要的色素。分析了不同花色品种类胡萝卜素通路结构基因的表达谱。在结构基因中，IgLCYB2s的表达与β、β-胡萝卜素（β-胡萝卜素及其衍生物）的生物合成呈正相关，与番茄红素的积累负相关，这种模式也与品种间的花色表型一致。因此，IgLCYB2s可能是决定不同品种类胡萝卜素组成和含量的关键基因。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，IgLCYB2s在花中具有组织特异性。大肠杆菌酶活性测定表明，IgLCYB2s在体内可将番茄红素转化为β-胡萝卜素，证实了IgLCYB2作为结构基因调控类胡萝卜素组成的功能。未来，IgLCYB2s可用于基因操作，以促进德国鸢尾属花卉颜色的转基因育种。

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引用次数: 0