Journal of Pragmatics最新文献

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“im embarrassed 2 say lol”: The functions of lol in online groomer-decoy interactions “我不好意思说lol”：lol在在线新郎-诱饵互动中的作用

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.015

Sofia Navarro Beck

The present study examines a sample of the grooming chat-logs provided by the Perverted Justice Foundation (PJF) using a digital Conversation Analysis (CA) approach. I argue that many previous studies on online grooming discourse based on the PJF dataset have routinely overlooked key contextual and interactional features of these conversations. This is mainly due to the tendency to focus only on the groomers' utterances, while sytematically ignoring the decoys' contributions. In this study I demonstrate how by including both the groomers' and decoys’ utterances it is possible to provide a more comprehensive understanding of groomer-decoy dynamics. By focusing specifically on the use of the discourse marker lol (laughing out loud), this study reveals that the decoys are active in shaping the entire interaction with the groomers, and that their use of lol plays a significant role in managing the conversation.

Recent years have seen an increase in the prevalence of vigilante so-called ‘pedo-hunter’ groups and their use of decoys to catch offenders worldwide. This study serves as a proof of concept, underscoring the relevance of examining the PJF data by applying microanalytic principles offered by CA. The article thus advocates for future sequential analyses of authentic grooming data to further advance our understanding of digital sexual offenses.

本研究使用数字对话分析（CA）方法对变态正义基金会（PJF）提供的梳理聊天日志样本进行了研究。我认为，许多先前基于PJF数据集的在线修饰话语研究通常忽略了这些对话的关键上下文和互动特征。这主要是由于人们倾向于只关注新郎的话语，而系统性地忽略了诱饵的贡献。在这项研究中，我展示了如何通过包括梳理者和诱饵的话语来提供对梳理者-诱饵动力学的更全面的理解。通过特别关注话语标记lol（大声笑）的使用，这项研究揭示了诱饵在塑造与新郎的整个互动中是积极的，他们对lol的使用在管理谈话中起着重要作用。近年来，所谓的“恋童猎人”团体越来越多，他们在世界范围内使用诱饵来抓捕罪犯。本研究作为概念证明，强调了通过应用CA提供的微分析原理来检查PJF数据的相关性。因此，本文提倡对真实的梳理数据进行后续分析，以进一步推进我们对数字化性犯罪的理解。

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引用次数: 0

“Do you have a conscience?”: Ostensible offence in hybrid interactions of live streaming commerce “你有良心吗？”：直播商业混合互动的明显违规行为

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.012

Ping Liu , Linlin Yang

This study investigates ostensible offence, a distinctive form of mock impoliteness that couples apparently offensive elements with underlying affiliative intent. Although mock impoliteness has received considerable scholarly attention, ostensible offence within the hybrid institutional context of Chinese state-affiliated live streaming commerce (LSC) remains underexplored. Drawing on 5476 min of transcribed LSC interactions, this study identifies four recurring types of mixed messages: (1) criticizing + reinforcing consumer trust, (2) complaining + highlighting product features, (3) relation-threatening + fostering community solidarity, and (4) staging embarrassment + facilitating cultural socialization. To explain how ostensible offence functions in this context, we propose a three-step pragmatic mechanism. First, mismatch occurs when incongruent interpersonal messages generate evaluative dissonance between surface offence and affiliative intent. Second, collaborative resolution emerges through institutional hybridity in identity, interactional framework, and communicative goals. Third, strategic recontextualization fulfills institutional functions, including enhancing credibility, sustaining engagement, and supporting cultural messaging. The findings demonstrate how strategic language use in LSC serves both commercial and sociocultural goals, contributing to pragmatic research on mock impoliteness in digital institutional discourse.

这项研究调查了表面上的冒犯，一种独特的模仿不礼貌的形式，结合了明显的冒犯元素与潜在的附属意图。尽管模拟不礼貌已经引起了相当大的学术关注，但在中国国有直播商业（LSC）的混合制度背景下，表面上的冒犯行为仍未得到充分探讨。根据5476分钟的LSC互动记录，本研究确定了四种重复出现的混合信息类型：(1)批评+加强消费者信任，(2)抱怨+突出产品功能，(3)关系威胁+促进社区团结，(4)制造尴尬+促进文化社会化。为了解释在这种情况下，表面犯罪是如何起作用的，我们提出了一个三步走的语用机制。首先，当不一致的人际信息产生表面冒犯和附属意图之间的评价失调时，就会发生失配。其次，协作解决方案通过身份、互动框架和沟通目标的制度混合而出现。第三，战略再语境化实现了制度功能，包括提高可信度、维持参与和支持文化信息传递。研究结果表明，LSC中的策略性语言使用如何服务于商业和社会文化目标，有助于数字制度话语中模拟不礼貌的语用研究。

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引用次数: 0

How gender affects compliments in Italian 性别如何影响意大利语中的赞美

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.009

Giovanna Alfonzetti, Giulio Scivoletto

This paper presents findings from a long-term study on compliments in Italian, employing different theoretical and methodological approaches. This study adopts variational pragmatics to investigate the impact of gender on compliments. We examine whether Italian compliments exhibit gender-specific patterns that transcend cultural variations, as suggested in prior research. After revisiting in a variational perspective the wide collection of spontaneous speech analyzed in an earlier phase of the research, new data are drawn from a questionnaire submitted to a sample of 576 young speakers in the University of Catania (Italy). This questionnaire explores various facets of complimenting, including frequency, object, modulation, and function. This analysis reveals a distinct gender pattern, highlighting a pragmatic role of compliments that is salient in women's interaction. Among them, compliments are much more common and intensified, they concern mostly appearance, and they are a positive politeness strategy as they serve an important interpersonal function: linked to the concept of phatic communion, compliments are acts aimed at creating, maintaining, and strengthening mutual solidarity.

本文采用不同的理论和方法，对意大利语中的恭维语进行了长期研究。本研究采用变分语用学研究性别对恭维语的影响。我们检查意大利的赞美是否表现出超越文化差异的性别特定模式，正如先前的研究所表明的那样。在从变分的角度重新审视了在研究的早期阶段分析的大量自发演讲后，新的数据来自于对卡塔尼亚大学（意大利）576名年轻演讲者的问卷调查。这份问卷探讨了赞美的各个方面，包括频率、对象、调制和功能。这一分析揭示了一种独特的性别模式，强调了赞美在女性互动中显著的实用作用。其中，赞美更为常见和强化，它们主要关注外表，它们是一种积极的礼貌策略，因为它们具有重要的人际功能：赞美与情感交流的概念有关，是旨在创造、维持和加强相互团结的行为。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison between Chinese and Japanese self-praise on social media 中国人和日本人在社交媒体上的自我表扬比较

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.006

Wei Ren , Saeko Fukushima , Yaping Guo

Self-praise is attracting increasing attention in pragmatics and discourse studies. However, Japanese self-praise has rarely been investigated, particularly in online communication. In addition, few studies have examined self-praise from a cross-cultural pragmatics perspective. Therefore, this study compares Chinese and Japanese self-praise on social media, based on 300 instances of Chinese self-praise on Weibo and 300 instances of Japanese self-praise on Twitter. The findings show that the Chinese and Japanese netizens both produced three categories of self-praise: explicit self-praise without modification, modified explicit self-praise, and implicit self-praise, in the same order of decreasing frequency. The Chinese netizens most frequently employed the modified explicit self-praise strategies “disclaimer”, “praise from a third party”, and “referring to the group”, while their Japanese counterparts preferred the modified explicit self-praise strategy “change of praise focus” and the implicit strategy “self-praise as sharing”. The study discusses the similarities and differences between these two groups’ social media self-praise, particularly with regard to the affordances of social media and pragmatic norms in the two cultures.

自我赞扬在语用学和语篇学研究中越来越受到关注。然而，日本人的自我赞美很少被调查，尤其是在网络交流中。此外，很少有研究从跨文化语用学的角度来考察自我赞扬。因此，本研究以300例中国人在微博上的自我表扬和300例日本人在Twitter上的自我表扬为基础，比较了中国人和日本人在社交媒体上的自我表扬。结果表明，中国网民和日本网民都产生了三种类型的自我表扬，即不加修饰的外显自我表扬、修饰的外显自我表扬和内隐自我表扬，其频率递减的顺序相同。中国网民最常使用的是修改后的外显自我表扬策略“免责”、“第三方表扬”和“参照群体”，而日本网民则更喜欢修改后的外显自我表扬策略“改变表扬焦点”和内隐自我表扬策略“分享式自我表扬”。该研究讨论了这两个群体在社交媒体上自我赞扬的异同，特别是在两种文化中社交媒体的支持和实用规范方面。

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引用次数: 0

Concordant assertoric nods: Embodiment of epistemic insistence 一致的断言点头：认识论坚持的体现

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.003

Ruey-Jiuan Regina Wu , John Heritage

Building on the notion that the functional significance of nods may vary with their physical form and execution, this conversation-analytic report builds on and extends our exploration of what we have termed “assertoric nods” to contexts in which they co-occur with utterances of positive polarity—referred to here as “concordant assertoric nods”—in naturally occurring, multi-party English conversation. We focus on two primary contexts in which these nods arise: (1) when accompanying a claim or assertion, and (2) when accompanying a question. In the cases examined here, utterances accompanied by an assertoric nod—whether a claim, assertion, or question—typically emerge during moments of epistemic struggle between participants. For the most part, these struggles involve contests for epistemic primacy over the issue at hand, either through the implicit adoption of a knowledgeable K+ stance when making a claim or assertion, or by challenging another's assumed K+ position through questioning. What holds across these cases is that the nodding speaker marks a moment of heightened epistemic engagement—demonstrating commitment and steadfastness toward their position—within the unfolding interactional negotiation. Our findings contribute to research on epistemics and embodied conduct in social interaction and challenge the common-sense association of head nodding with positively valenced actions, revealing that what is commonly referred to as “head nodding” is far from a single, undifferentiated action.

基于点头的功能意义可能随其物理形式和执行而变化这一概念，这篇对话分析报告建立并扩展了我们对所谓的“断言点头”的探索，在这种语境中，它们与积极极性的话语共同出现——这里被称为“和谐的断言点头”——在自然发生的，多方英语对话中。我们主要关注出现这些节点的两种主要上下文：(1)伴随主张或断言时，以及(2)伴随问题时。在这里研究的案例中，话语伴随着断言性的点头——无论是主张、断言还是问题——通常出现在参与者之间的认知斗争时刻。在大多数情况下，这些斗争包括对手头问题的认知首要地位的争夺，或者通过在提出主张或断言时隐含地采用知识渊博的K+立场，或者通过质疑挑战另一个假设的K+立场。贯穿这些案例的是，在展开的互动谈判中，点头的说话者标志着认知参与程度提高的时刻——表明对自己立场的承诺和坚定。我们的研究结果有助于社会互动中的认识论和体现行为的研究，并挑战了点头与积极价值行为的常识性联系，揭示了通常被称为“点头”的行为远非单一的、无差别的行为。

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引用次数: 0

The discourse marker allee in colloquial Belgian Dutch: A case of pragmatic borrowing 比利时荷兰语口语化中的话语标记allee：一个语用借用的例子

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.005

Lieven Buysse

The relatively few studies on discourse markers in Dutch that have appeared in recent decades have devoted preciously little attention to colloquial language and have mostly ignored potential differences between the two main varieties of Dutch. The discourse marker allee is a pragmatic borrowing from the French imperative form allez (‘go’), which has anecdotally been attributed mainly to Belgian Dutch. This study investigates the functions of allee in spontaneous face-to-face conversations in the Corpus of Spoken Dutch (“Corpus Gesproken Nederlands”), totalling 1 million tokens of speech, and provides an account of how these functions relate to each other in view of the marker's multifunctionality. The results confirm that allee is highly frequent in colloquial Belgian Dutch, whereas it is virtually absent from Netherlandic Dutch. An analysis of a sample of 500 tokens of allee has yielded seven functions, which contribute to the discourse either on an interactional level (expressing exhortation or surprise) or on a textual level (signalling nuance, word search, conclusion, elaboration and topic resumption). Its core function is that of ‘exhortation’, which manifests itself in various ways depending on the level on which allee operates and how it positions itself on a spectrum of speaker- versus addressee-oriented uses and one of signals of continuity versus change.

近几十年来出现的关于荷兰语语篇标记的研究相对较少，对口语语言的关注非常少，而且大多忽略了两种主要荷兰语变体之间的潜在差异。语篇标记语allee是法语祈使句形式allez（“去”）的语用借用，据说这主要归因于比利时荷兰语。本研究调查了荷兰语口语语料库（“语料库Gesproken Nederlands”）中allee在自发面对面对话中的功能，总共有100万个言语标记，并根据标记的多功能性提供了这些功能如何相互关联的说明。结果证实，allee在比利时荷兰语口语中非常常见，而在荷兰语中几乎没有。对500个alle标记的样本分析得出了七种功能，它们在互动层面（表达劝诫或惊讶）或文本层面（信号细微差别、词语搜索、结论、阐述和话题恢复）上有助于话语。它的核心功能是“劝诫”，它以不同的方式表现出来，这取决于allee的操作水平，以及它如何定位自己在以说话人为导向的使用和以收件人为导向的使用，以及连续性和变化的信号之一。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.010

Jingyao Chen, Hang Su

引用次数: 0

Frames are for talking: Modeling interactants’ co-constructed semantic and pragmatic structures 框架用于对话：为交互者共同构建的语义和语用结构建模

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.004

Oliver Spiess

This paper explores the rich potential for collaboration between conversation analysis and frame semantics. It illustrates this potential by repeatedly analyzing a conversation fragment and the meaning co-constructed by its two participants. The investigation begins with a conventional sequential conversation analysis and gradually expands to include the taxonomies, categories, and frames that are established and made relevant within the interaction. This leads to the development of a framework termed interactional frame semantics. The paper argues that frame semantics and conversation analysis are highly compatible because they share central methodological concerns. Their integration addresses two major research gaps in both fields: the often implicit yet necessary reliance on semantic knowledge and cognitive processes in conversation analysis, and the neglect of interactional data and phenomena in frame semantics. Sequential analysis benefits from a rigorous frame-semantic formalization of the meanings co-constructed in conversation in at least three ways: first, it helps identify the specific semantic cues that both participants and analysts rely on to interpret interaction. Second, it reveals the local pragmatic affordances through which participants can renegotiate meaning. Third, it enables a quantitative reconstruction of the knowledge, both shared and contested, that emerges through conversational negotiation.

本文探讨了对话分析和框架语义之间协作的丰富潜力。它通过反复分析对话片段和两个参与者共同构建的意义来说明这种潜力。调查从传统的顺序对话分析开始，并逐渐扩展到包括在交互中建立并相关的分类法、类别和框架。这导致了称为交互框架语义的框架的开发。本文认为框架语义和会话分析是高度兼容的，因为它们具有共同的中心方法论关注点。它们的整合解决了这两个领域的两个主要研究空白：在会话分析中往往隐含但必要地依赖语义知识和认知过程，以及在框架语义中忽视交互数据和现象。顺序分析至少在三个方面受益于对话中共同构建的意义的严格框架-语义形式化：首先，它有助于确定参与者和分析人员在解释交互时所依赖的特定语义线索。其次，它揭示了参与者可以通过其重新协商意义的地方语用支持。第三，它使通过对话协商产生的知识（包括共享的和有争议的）得以定量重建。

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引用次数: 0

Social identity and implicature: Exploring the pragmatics of transgender coming out narratives in videogames 社会身份和含义：探索电子游戏中跨性别者出柜叙事的语用学

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.007

Frazer Heritage

Despite being one of the most popular forms of media, videogames are an under-researched text type within linguistics. This paper examines the language used within videogames, specifically in relation to how videogame writers index the identities of transgender characters. Utilising data from the LGBTQ Video Game Archive (Shaw, 2017), which documents the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer content in games, I identify 22 videogames which contain references to transgender characters. A close qualitative reading of instances where transgender characters occur reveals two broad trends: i) there are multiple instances where such representation is unclear and ii) transgender identities are rarely overtly indexed. Within this second trend, I specifically focus on the role of implicature and inferencing in how transgender identities are constructed. That is, how these characters implicitly “come out” to the player and the shared knowledge needed to understand these implicatures. I argue that such shared knowledge is influenced by the social identities and lived experiences of the interpreter, which should be considered in the degree to which meaning_NN is considered relevant. The research presented has implications for analysing more coming-out narratives and creating more connections between pragmatics, language, gender, and sexuality studies, as well as videogame/media studies.

尽管电子游戏是最受欢迎的媒体形式之一，但在语言学中，它是一种研究不足的文本类型。本文将探讨电子游戏中使用的语言，特别是电子游戏作者如何索引跨性别角色的身份。利用LGBTQ电子游戏档案（Shaw, 2017）的数据，它记录了游戏中的女同性恋，男同性恋，双性恋，变性人和酷儿内容的历史，我确定了22个包含变性角色参考的电子游戏。对跨性别角色出现的实例进行仔细的定性阅读，可以发现两大趋势：1)有很多实例表明这种表现是不明确的；2)跨性别身份很少被公开索引。在第二种趋势中，我特别关注含义和推理在跨性别身份如何构建中的作用。也就是说，这些角色是如何“显露”给玩家的，以及理解这些含义所需要的共享知识。我认为，这种共享知识受到口译员的社会身份和生活经验的影响，这应该在意义神经网络被认为相关的程度上加以考虑。这项研究有助于分析更多的出柜叙事，并在语用学、语言、性别和性研究以及电子游戏/媒体研究之间建立更多联系。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.002

Xue Yao, Wei Ren

引用次数: 0

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